EP3130867B1 - Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem - Google Patents

Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3130867B1
EP3130867B1 EP15180480.4A EP15180480A EP3130867B1 EP 3130867 B1 EP3130867 B1 EP 3130867B1 EP 15180480 A EP15180480 A EP 15180480A EP 3130867 B1 EP3130867 B1 EP 3130867B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
refrigerant
heat exchanger
way valve
cold water
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Application number
EP15180480.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3130867A1 (de
Inventor
Jose Acedo Navarrete
Ruben Martinez
Javier Vicente Ortiz de Guinea
Loreto Ganuza
Iker Altuzarra
Illan Arribas
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Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Priority to EP15180480.4A priority Critical patent/EP3130867B1/de
Priority to ES15180480T priority patent/ES2709011T3/es
Publication of EP3130867A1 publication Critical patent/EP3130867A1/de
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Publication of EP3130867B1 publication Critical patent/EP3130867B1/de
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
    • F24H4/02—Water heaters
    • F24H4/04—Storage heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B30/00—Heat pumps
    • F25B30/02—Heat pumps of the compression type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat pump type water heater system that heats water in a water tank by a heat pump unit and supplies the heated water from the water tank.
  • Fig. 3 discloses a conventional heat pump type water heater system.
  • the system has a casing enclosing a refrigerant circuit and a water tank 97 disposed below the casing.
  • the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 91 compressing refrigerant to obtain refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure, a water/refrigerant heat exchanger 92 (condenser) condensing the refrigerant of high temperature and high pressure to release heat from the refrigerant to the water to be entering the water tank 97, an expansion valve (now shown) depressurizing the highpressure refrigerant that is condensed by the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 92, and an air/refrigerant heat exchanger 93 (evaporator) evaporating the refrigerant that is depressurized by the expansion valve to absorb heat from air that is supplied via a fan 94.
  • a compressor 91 compressing refrigerant to obtain refrigerant of high temperature and
  • EP2672190A1 and EP2860469A1 each discloses a heat pump system employing a water container in heat exchange with a water/refrigerant heat exchanger of the heat pump for producing sanitary hot water.
  • scale can be built up in the water tank, water pipes, and the water/refrigerant heat exchanger, which may lead to degradation of performance. This is particularly significant for the water/refrigerant heat exchanger, because the water passage of the water/refrigerant heat exchanger has a quite small sectional area, and scale deposition in the water passage can cause pressure drops, heat flux reduction, or even water flow blocking.
  • a heat pump type water heater system including a refrigerant circuit having a water/refrigerant heat exchanger for condensing a refrigerant to release heat from the refrigerant to water passing through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger; a water tank that stores water capable of passing through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger to obtain heat from the refrigerant when the refrigerant circuit is working; and a cold water reservoir that stores cold water capable of passing through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger when the refrigerant circuit is not working.
  • the system further includes a divert valve combinations connected with the water/refrigerant heat exchanger, a circulation pump connected with the divert valve combinations, a first incoming line and a first outgoing line connected between the divert valve combinations and the water tank, and a second incoming line and a second outgoing line connected between the divert valve combinations and the cold water reservoir.
  • a controller is configured to operate the divert valve combinations and the circulation pump to work in a heating mode that water within the water tank passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger to obtain heat when the refrigerant circuit is working, and configured to operate the divert valve combinations and the circulation pump to work in a descaling mode that cold water within the cold water reservoir passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger to remove scales formed in the water/refrigerant heat exchanger when the refrigerant circuit is not working.
  • cold water from the cold water reservoir in addition to the water tank passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger when the refrigerant circuit is not working to avoid formation of scales and/or remove scales existing in the water/refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the system is operable to work in a heating mode that water within the water tank passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger to obtain heat when the refrigerant circuit is working, and operable to work in a descaling mode that cold water within the cold water reservoir passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger to remove scales formed in the water/refrigerant heat exchanger when the refrigerant circuit is not working.
  • the system includes a divert valve combinations connected with the water/refrigerant heat exchanger, a circulation pump connected with the divert valve combinations, a first incoming line and a first outgoing line connected between the divert valve combinations and the water tank, and a second incoming line and a second outgoing line connected between the divert valve combinations and the cold water reservoir.
  • the divert valve combinations includes a first three way valve, a second three way valve, and a third three way valve sequentially connected, and a fourth three way valve; wherein the third three way valve and the fourth three way valve are connected to the water/refrigerant heat exchanger respectively.
  • the first outgoing line is connected to one port of the first three way valve, and the second outgoing line is connected to another port of the first three way valve; wherein the first incoming line is connected to one port of the fourth three way valve, and the second incoming line is connected to one port of the third three way valve.
  • the circulation pump works at a maximum output when the system is working in the descaling mode.
  • high rates of water flow is positive to the scale removal, and on the other hand, at the time the system being switched from the heating mode to the descaling mode, the water/refrigerant heat exchanger is still hot, therefore, water flow fast passing through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger can avoid temperature increasing of cold water returning to the cold water reservoir.
  • the system further includes a temperature sensor positioned in a lower zone of the water tank; wherein when the temperature sensor detects that the temperature of water within the water tank is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, the system will be switched from the heating mode to the descaling mode. This is because scale components are more likely to be generated in water at a high temperature. Therefore, when the temperature of hot water in the tan reaches the predetermined threshold, the descaling mode is needed to avoid the formation of the scales therein, and in the meantime, the water flow can remove existing scales.
  • Vreservoir the volume of the cold water reservoir (Vreservoir) equals the sum of the volumes (Vtotal) of the water/refrigerant heat exchanger, the circulation pump, and water pipes connected in the divert valve combinations and between the divert valve combinations and the water/refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • Vreservoir can be defined as larger than Vtotal.
  • the water tank and the cold water reservoir are disposed in a same water container, and the cold water reservoir locates below and is usually isolated with the water tank; wherein a pressure valve is disposed between the water tank and the cold water reservoir to automatically open a water path therebetween when water within the water tank is extracted for sanitary usages.
  • the temperature of cold water within the cold water reservoir is generally much smaller than that of water within the water tank.
  • a heat pump type water heater system 100 can stand on the floor with a water container 60 located below a casing enclosing a refrigerant circuit therein.
  • the casing is composed by top, side, and bottom walls, and an air inlet and an air outlet are defined in the top wall for respectively introducing and exhausting air therethrough.
  • the water container 60 has an upper portion defined as a water tank 61 and a lower portion defined as a cold water reservoir 62. The configuration of the refrigerant circuit and the structures of the water tank 61 and cold water reservoir 62 will be described in details hereinafter.
  • the refrigerant circuit typically has a compressor (not shown), a water/refrigerant heat exchanger (condenser) 10, an expansion valve (now shown), and an air/refrigerant heat exchanger (evaporator, not shown) 23. These components are generally serially connected via conduits are well known in the art.
  • the compressor acts on relatively cool gaseous refrigerant to raise the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant. From the compressor, the high temperature, high pressure gaseous refrigerant flows into the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 where it is cooled and exits the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 as a high pressure liquid refrigerant.
  • the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 is a plate type heat exchanger using metal plates to transfer heat between the two fluids, and it performs as a heat source for the water tank 61.
  • the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 typically has two passages respectively for water and refrigerant. Water extracted from the water tank 61 can pass through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 to be heated by the refrigerant in a non-contact way, and then the heated water flows back and is stored within the tank 61.
  • the high pressure liquid refrigerant then flows to the expansion device, which controls the amount of refrigerant entering into the air/refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the air/refrigerant heat exchanger can take form of a finned tube heat exchanger typically having copper tube coils that are accompanied by aluminum fins for purpose of maximizing heat transfer between the refrigerant and air mediums.
  • a centrifugal fan (not shown) is disposed adjacent to the air/refrigerant heat exchanger for being operable to generate forced air passing through tube coils and fins of the air/refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the low temperature refrigerant absorbs heat from air blown over the tube coils and the fins, and exits the appliance via the air outlet.
  • the suction of the compressor then draws the gaseous refrigerant back to the compressor where the cycle begins again.
  • a divert valve combinations is disposed in the casing and connected with the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10, and a circulation pump 50 is connected with the divert valve combinations.
  • the divert valve combinations includes a first three way valve 31, a second three way valve 32, and a third three way valve 33 sequentially connected, and a fourth three way valve 34.
  • the third three way valve 33 and the fourth three way valve 34 are connected to the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 respectively to in fluid communication with the water passage therein.
  • a number of water pipes are connected among the four three way valves 31, 32, 33, 34 and between the third, the fourth three way valves 33, 34 and the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10.
  • the circulation pump 50 is connected between the first and the second three way valves 31, 32.
  • a first outgoing line 41 has one end connected to one port of the first three way valve 31 and the other end located inside and at a lower portion of the water tank 61.
  • a first incoming line 42 has one end connected to one port of the fourth three way valve 34 and the other end located inside and at an upper portion of the water tank 61.
  • a second outgoing line 43 has one end connected to another port of the first three way valve 31 and the other end located inside and at a lower portion of the cold water reservoir 62.
  • a second incoming line 44 has one end connected one port of the third three way valve 33 and the other end located inside and at an upper portion of the cold water reservoir 62.
  • the cold water reservoir 62 locates below the water tank 61 and they are usually isolated.
  • the cold water reservoir 62 is connected with a tap water for introducing cold water at an environment temperature, generally within 10-15 °C .
  • the boundary between the water tank 61 and the cold water reservoir 62 can be heat insulated to avoid a heat transfer therebetween.
  • the term "cold water” may be defined as the water within the reservoir 62 having a temperature that is generally much smaller than a temperature of water within the water tank 61. Because the temperature of water within water tank 61 can be heated to and kept at a quite high value, such as within 55-65 °C.
  • a pressure valve 63 is disposed at the boundary between the water tank 61 and the cold water reservoir 62 to automatically open a water path therebetween when water within the water tank 61 is extracted for sanitary usages, like drinking, washing, showing, and etc.
  • the pressure valve 63 is a mechanical check valve that can sense pressure difference between the water tank 61 and the cold water reservoir 62. When water in the water tank 61 is extracted, a pressure difference occurs, and the pressure valve 63 is open by itself, then cold water in the reservoir 62 enters the water tank 61, meanwhile, fresh water is introduced into the reservoir 62 from tap water.
  • a temperature sensor 70 is positioned in a lower zone, preferably bottom of the water tank 61 to detect the temperature of whole water within the water tank 61.
  • An electronic board 20 is disposed in the casing and electrically connected with the four three way valves 31, 32, 33, 34, the circulation pump 50, the temperature sensor 70, and components like the compressor and the fan for controlling the operation of the refrigerant circuit and switching working modes of the system 100.
  • the heat pump type water heater 100 can work in a heating mode when the refrigerant circuit is running. In this mode, water within the water tank 61 is extracted via the first outgoing line 41 under the operation of the circulation pump 50. As indicated by arrows in Fig. 1 , the four three way valves 31, 32, 33, 34 are controlled by the electronic board 20 to open corresponding ports thereof, thereby leading water flow to sequentially pass through the first, the second, and the third three way valves 31, 32, 33 and enters the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 for obtaining heat from the refrigerant, then the heated water passes through the fourth three way valve 34 and returns into the water tank 61 via the first incoming line 42.
  • the temperature sensor 70 monitors the temperature of water within the water tank 61, and when the temperature value is equal to or larger than a predetermined threshold, like 65°C, the system will be switched from the heating mode to a descaling mode.
  • a predetermined threshold like 65°C
  • the system will be switched from the heating mode to a descaling mode.
  • a predetermined threshold like 65°C
  • scale components are more likely to be generated in water at a high temperature, that is, when the water is heated to a high value, scales are more easily built up in the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 and degrade the heat exchanging performance. Therefore, in descaling mode, cold water can be introduced into the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 to avoid the formation of the scales therein, and in the meantime, the water flow can remove existing scales.
  • the refrigerant circuit does not work anymore.
  • cold water within the cold water reservoir 62 is extracted via the second outgoing line 43 under the operation of the circulation pump 50.
  • the four three way valves 31, 32, 33, 34 are controlled by the electronic board 20 to open corresponding ports thereof, thereby leading water flow to sequentially pass through the first, the second, and the fourth three way valves 31, 32, 34, and enters the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 for removing scales therein, then the cold water passes through the third three way valve 33 and returns into the cold water reservoir 62 via the second incoming line 44.
  • the circulation pump 50 can work at a maximum output at the descaling mode.
  • high rates of water flow is positive to the scale removal, and on the other hand, at the time the system being switched from the heating mode to the descaling mode, the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 is still hot, therefore, water flow fast passing through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10 can avoid temperature increasing of cold water returning to the cold water reservoir 62.
  • the volume of the cold water reservoir 62 (Vreservoir) is generally equal to the sum of the volumes (Vtotal) of the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10, the circulation pump 50, and water pipes connected in the divert valve combinations and between the divert valve combinations and the water/refrigerant heat exchanger 10. Nevertheless, it could happen that the system works with water having high hardness and more scales can be built up. In this case, an extra volume of cold water is needed to assure the scale removal. Accordingly, Vreservoir can be larger than Vtotal in regions where tap water has a very high hardness.
  • the system can work in the descaling mode that cold water from the cold water reservoir in addition to the water tank passes through the water/refrigerant heat exchanger when the refrigerant circuit is not working for avoidance of formation of scales and/or removing scales existing in the water/refrigerant heat exchanger.
  • the cold water reservoir can be separated from the water tank and in such case the water tank is supplied water directly from tap water.
  • the divert valve combinations may employ more or less divert valves including not only three way valves but also four way valves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem (100), umfassend:
    einen Kühlmittelkreislauf mit einem Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher (10) zum Kondensieren eines Kühlmittels, um Wärme von dem Kühlmittel an Wasser, das durch den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher läuft, abzugeben;
    einen Wassertank (61), der Wasser speichert, das in der Lage ist, durch den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher zu laufen, um Wärme von dem Kühlmittel aufzunehmen, wenn der Kühlmittelkreislauf im Betrieb ist; umfassend
    ein Kaltwasserreservoir (62), das kaltes Wasser speichert, das in der Lage ist, durch den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher zu laufen, wenn der Kühlmittelkreislauf nicht im Betrieb ist;
    Umlenkventilkombinationen, die mit dem Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher (10) verbunden sind, eine Zirkulationspumpe (50), die mit den Umlenkventilkombinationen verbunden ist, eine ersten eingehende Leitung (42) und eine erste ausgehende Leitung (41), die zwischen den Umlenkventilkombinationen und dem Wassertank (61) verbunden sind, und eine zweite eingehende Leitung (44) und eine zweite ausgehende Leitung (43), die zwischen den Umlenkventilkombinationen und dem Kaltwasserreservoir (62), verbunden sind; und
    eingerichtet, um die Umlenkventilkombinationen und die Zirkulationspumpe (50) zu betreiben, um in einem Heizmodus zu arbeiten, wobei Wasser innerhalb des Wassertanks (61) durch den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher läuft, um Wärme aufzunehmen, wenn der Kühlmittelkreislauf nicht im Betrieb ist, und dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem weiter eingerichtet ist, um die Umlenkventilkombinationen und die Zirkulationspumpe (50) zu betreiben, um in einem Entkrustungsmodus zu arbeiten, wobei kaltes Wasser innerhalb des Kaltwasserreservoirs (62) durch den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher läuft, um Verkrustungen zu entfernen, die in dem Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher gebildet sind, wenn der Kühlmittelkreislauf nicht im Betrieb ist.
  2. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Umlenkventilkombinationen ein erstes Drei-Wege-Ventil (31), ein zweites Drei-Wege-Ventil (32), und ein drittes Drei-Wege-Ventil (33), die in Reihe verbunden sind, und ein viertes Drei-Wege-Ventil (34) umfassen; wobei das dritte Drei-Wege-Ventil und das vierte Drei-Wege-Ventil jeweils mit dem Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher verbunden sind.
  3. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 2, wobei die erste ausgehende Leitung (41) mit einem Anschluss des ersten Drei-Wege-Ventils (31) verbunden ist, und die zweite ausgehende Leitung (43) mit einem anderen Anschluss des ersten Drei-Wege-Ventils (31) verbunden ist; wobei die erste eingehende Leitung (42) mit einem Anschluss des vierten Drei-Wege-Ventils (34) verbunden ist, und die zweite eingehende Leitung (44) mit einem Anschluss des dritten Drei-Wege-Ventils (33) verbunden ist.
  4. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach einem der Ansprüche 2 oder 3, wobei wenn das System in dem Heizmodus arbeitet, Wasser innerhalb des Wassertanks (61) über die erste ausgehende Leitung (41) entnommen wird und in Reihe durch das erste, das zweite und das dritte Drei-Wege-Ventil (31, 32, 33) läuft, und in den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher (10) eintritt, um Wärme aufzunehmen, wobei das erhitzte Wasser dann durch das vierte Drei-Wege-Ventil (34) läuft und über die erste eingehende Leitung (42) in den Wassertank (61) zurückkehrt; wobei wenn das System in dem Entkrustungsmodus arbeitet, kaltes Wasser innerhalb des Kaltwasserreservoirs (62) über die zweite ausgehende Leitung (43) entnommen wird und in Reihe durch das erste, das zweite und das vierte Drei-Wege-Ventil (31, 32, 34) läuft, und in den Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher (10) eintritt, um Verkrustungen darin zu entfernen, wobei das kalte Wasser dann durch das dritte Drei-Wege-Ventil (33) läuft und über die zweite eingehende Leitung (44) in das Kaltwasserreservoir (62) zurückkehrt.
  5. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 1, weiter umfassend einen Temperatursensor (70), der in einer unteren Zone des Wassertanks (61) positioniert ist.
  6. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Volumen des Kaltwasserreservoirs (62) gleich oder größer ist als die Summe der Volumina des Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauschers (10), der Zirkulationspumpe (50), und von Wasserrohren, die in den Umlenkventilkombinationen und zwischen den Umlenkventilkombinationen und dem Wasser-/Kühlmittelwärmetauscher verbunden sind.
  7. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Wassertank (61) und das Kaltwasserreservoir (62) in einem selben Wasserbehälter (60) angeordnet sind, und das Kaltwasserreservoir sich unterhalb des Wassertanks befindet und für gewöhnlich mit diesem isoliert ist; wobei ein Druckventil (63) zwischen dem Wassertank (61) und dem Kaltwasserreservoir (62) angeordnet ist, um automatisch einen Wasserweg dazwischen zu öffnen, wenn Wasser innerhalb des Wassertanks für sanitäre Verwendungen entnommen wird.
  8. Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Temperatur des kalten Wassers innerhalb des Kaltwasserreservoirs (62) allgemein viel geringer ist, als diejenige des Wassers innerhalb des Wassertanks (61).
EP15180480.4A 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem Active EP3130867B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15180480.4A EP3130867B1 (de) 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem
ES15180480T ES2709011T3 (es) 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Sistema calentador de agua de tipo bomba de calor

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15180480.4A EP3130867B1 (de) 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Wärmepumpendurchlauferhitzersystem

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EP3130867A1 EP3130867A1 (de) 2017-02-15
EP3130867B1 true EP3130867B1 (de) 2018-11-07

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CN108954912A (zh) * 2017-05-24 2018-12-07 青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司 一种氟水热泵一体系统
CN109373584A (zh) * 2018-11-14 2019-02-22 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 水箱组件及热水器
CN116792934A (zh) * 2023-07-26 2023-09-22 杭州富纯实业有限公司 一种空气源热泵热水器
CN119042803B (zh) * 2024-11-01 2025-02-11 山东中科蓝天科技有限公司 一种空气源热泵热水器用保护装置

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ITTV20120108A1 (it) * 2012-06-05 2013-12-06 Clivet S P A Unita' per il condizionamento ambientale per uso residenziale
EP2860469A1 (de) * 2013-10-11 2015-04-15 Nederlandse Organisatie voor toegepast -natuurwetenschappelijk onderzoek TNO Warmwasserbereiter

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EP3130867A1 (de) 2017-02-15

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