Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
  • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
  • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
  • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks

Definitions

• This invention relates to a lift truck for loading and unloading goods into and out of shipping containers.
• FIG. 1 The basic function of a lift truck is to lift, move and place materials.
• Lift trucks operate on the simple law of the lever principle - two weights on opposite sides of a fulcrum.
• W1 x L1 weight of the load
• W2 weight of the lift truck
• L1 distance from the centre of gravity (COG) of the load to the fulcrum point (F)
• L2 distance from the COG of the lift truck to the fulcrum point (F).
• Figure 2 shows a lift truck in the process of lifting/placing a load at the front end of a 20ft container, i.e.
• the present invention has been developed with a view to mitigating the above-mentioned problems.
• the present invention provides a lift truck comprising a chassis and a lifting mechanism mounted on the chassis, the chassis comprising first and second front ground wheels and at least one rear ground wheel, the chassis further comprising first and second spaced-apart arms with the first front ground wheel being mounted on the first arm and the second ground wheel mounted on the second arm, and wherein the arms are sufficiently spaced apart to allow, in use, the arms of the chassis to straddle a width of a shipping container.
• the front ground wheels can thereby provide a pair of fulcrum points spaced apart from one another, straddling the width of a shipping container. In this way the container is received between the spaced apart arms and the fulcrum line (between the front wheels) is advanced forward along the length of the container.
• the arms can also straddle and receive between them a truck body or chassis on which the container may be mounted, or a railcar, etc.
• the arms of the chassis are substantially parallel to each other.
• the arms of the chassis are substantially parallel to the ground.
• each arm of the chassis comprises first and second opposing ends.
• the front ground wheels of the lift truck are respectively mounted at or adjacent the first end of each spaced- apart arm.
• the chassis comprises a transverse portion arranged perpendicular to the two spaced- apart arms.
• the chassis is substantially U-shaped comprising a transverse portion arranged perpendicular to the two spaced-apart arms.
• the transverse portion is connected to the arms of the chassis proximate to the second end of each arm.
• the transverse portion is connected to the arms of the chassis proximate to the second end of each arm opposing the first end of said each arm to which the front ground wheels are respectively mounted.
• the at least one rear ground wheel is mounted to the transverse portion of the chassis.
• the at least one rear ground wheel is a driven wheel.
• the at least one rear ground wheel is a driven, steerable wheel.
• the two front ground wheels are driven wheels.
• the two front ground wheels are driven, steerable wheels.
• the lifting mechanism is attached to the transverse portion of the chassis.
• the lifting mechanism is attached to the chassis rearwardly of the front ground wheels.
• the lifting mechanism is attached to the chassis rearwardly of the front ground wheels and forwardly, or rearwardly, of the at least one rear ground wheel.
• the lifting mechanism comprises a conventional lifting mast and one or more lift forks.
• the lifting mechanism comprises a boom.
• the boom further comprises means for engaging a load.
• the lift truck comprises one or more lift forks.
• the lift truck further comprises elevating means for raising and lowering the boom relative to the chassis.
• the elevating means comprise at least one ram for raising and lowering the boom relative to the chassis.
• the or each ram is a hydraulic ram.
• the boom is extendable and/or retractable. Further optionally, the boom is telescopic.
• the chassis comprises a cab from which an operator can control the lift truck.
• the cab is located on the transverse portion of the chassis.
• the cab is located proximate to an end of the transverse portion.
• the cab is located proximate to an end of the transverse portion at or adjacent the second end of an arm of the chassis.
• the cab is located proximate to an end of the transverse portion such that, in use, the operator's field of vision simultaneously includes the interior of an open shipping container and the exterior of the shipping container when the arms of the chassis straddle the width of the container.
• the arms of the chassis are sufficiently spaced apart to straddle a width of a standard shipping container.
• the arm may be sufficiently spaced apart to straddle a width of standard container, such as 20, 30, 40 or 45 foot containers.
• the arms of the chassis are spaced apart such that the distance between the arms is at least 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2 m, 2.25 m, 2.5 m, 2.75 m, 3 m or more.
• the arms of the chassis are sufficiently spaced apart to straddle a container width of 2.44 m (i.e. 8 feet).
• the arms of the chassis are sufficiently spaced apart to allow for clearance at either side of a container, such as a container having a width of 2.44 m, when the arms of the chassis straddle the width of the container.
• the arms of the chassis may be spaced apart such that the distance between the arms is at least 2.5 m, optionally at least 2.8 m, optionally at least 3 m or more.
• FIG 1 is a side view of a lift truck of the art, in which the centre of gravity of each of the load and lift truck is depicted by a circle with four quadrants;
• FIG 2 is a side view of a lift truck of the art, in which the lift truck is in the process of lifting/placing a load out of/into a shipping container on a transport vehicle;
• FIG 3 is a side view of a lift truck of the present invention, in which the lift truck is in the process of lifting/placing a load out of/into a shipping container on a transport vehicle; and
• FIG 4 is a top view of a lift truck of the present invention, in which the lift truck of the present invention is in the process of lifting/placing a load out of/into a shipping container on a transport vehicle, and in which the arms of the chassis can be seen to straddle the width of the shipping container.
• a lift truck (10) of the invention comprises a chassis (12) and a lifting mechanism (14), the chassis comprising left and right front ground wheels (16L, 16R, respectively) and a single rear ground wheel (18) disposed centrally between, but rearwardly displaced, relative to the front ground wheels.
• the chassis (12) may comprise more than one rear ground wheel (18).
• the chassis (12) may comprise left and right rear ground wheels which may be substantially aligned with, and/or rearwardly displaced from, the left and right front ground wheels (16L, 16R), respectively.
• the chassis (12) further comprises two spaced-apart left and right arms (20L, 20R, respectively) to each of which a respective one of said front ground wheels (16L, 16R) is respectively mounted, and wherein the arms (20L, 20R) are sufficiently spaced-apart to allow, in use, the arms of the chassis to straddle a width of a shipping container (C).
• the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis may be spaced-apart and disposed substantially parallel to each other.
• the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) act as the fulcrum point (F) when the lift truck (10) is used to lift/place a load.
• the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) of the lift truck (10) of the invention can be positioned closer to the load to be lifted/placed since the arms (20L, 20R) are sufficiently spaced apart to allow the arms to straddle the width of a shipping container containing the load (see Figures 3 and 4).
• the distance from the load to the fulcrum point (F), designated L5 in Figure 3 is reduced for the lift truck (10) of the present invention.
• (W5 x L5) must be less than (W6 x L6).
• the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) may be respectively mounted adjacent a first end of the spaced-apart arms (20L, 20R).
• the chassis may also comprise a transverse portion (22) arranged perpendicular to the two spaced-apart arms (20L, 20R).
• the chassis (12) may be seen to be substantially U-shaped comprising the transverse portion (22) arranged perpendicular to the two spaced-apart arms (20L, 20R), wherein the transverse portion (22) is connected at the second end of each arm (20L, 20R) opposing the first ends to which the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) are mounted.
• the rear ground wheel (18) may be mounted to the transverse portion (22) of the chassis (12), and thus may be rearwardly displaced relative to the front ground wheels (16L, 16R).
• the rear ground wheel (18) may be a driven wheel and/or may be steerable by an operator (O).
• the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) may alternatively, or additionally, be driven wheels and/or may be steerable by the operator (O).
• the lift truck (10) may comprise more than one rear ground wheel (18) which may be driven and/or steerable, and which may be mounted to the transverse portion (22) of the chassis (12), or to the arms (20L, 20R), rearwardly of the front ground wheels (16L, 16R).
• the lift truck (10) may further comprise means to control and/or synchronise the rotation and direction of each wheel (not shown).
• the lift truck (10) of the invention also comprises a lifting mechanism (14) attached to the chassis (12), optionally to the transverse portion (22) of the chassis (12).
• the lifting mechanism (14) is attached to the chassis (12) rearwardly of the front ground wheels (16L, 16R), thus contributing to moving the COG of the lift truck (10) away from the fulcrum point (P).
• the lifting mechanism (14) is attached to the chassis rearwardly of the front ground wheels (16L, 16R) and forwardly, or rearwardly, of the rear ground wheel (18).
• the lifting mechanism (14) may comprise a conventional lifting mast and lift forks.
• the lifting mechanism (14) comprises a boom (24), which may further comprise a set of lift forks (26), as depicted in Figure 3.
• the boom (24) is particularly useful to allow the lift truck (10) to reach into a shipping container (C) to lift/place a load at the far end of the container, i.e. the end of the container distal to the opening.
• the boom (24) may be extendable and/or retractable so that when the lift truck (10) is positioned at the opening of a shipping container (C), the boom (24) may be extended/retracted to lift/place a load at the far end of the container.
• the boom (24) may be telescopic.
• the lift truck (10) may also comprise elevating means for raising and lowering the boom (24) relative to the chassis (12) and/or relative to the ground on which the lift truck (10) is positioned.
• Suitable elevating means include a ram (28), such as a hydraulic ram.
• the ram (28) may be located between the chassis (12) and the boom (24). Operation of the ram (28) may cause the boom (24) to by raised/lowered relative to the chassis (12).
• the lift truck (10) may comprise pushing means (not shown) for extending and/or retracting the extendable/retractable boom (24).
• Suitable pushing means include a ram, such as a hydraulic ram.
• the lift truck (10) of the invention may further comprise a cab (30), that is, an operator's cabin, located on the chassis (12).
• An operator (O) may control the operation of the lift truck (10) from the cab (30), including the operation of the driven wheel(s) and the lifting mechanism (14).
• the cab (30) may be located on the transverse portion (22) of the chassis (12) proximate to an end of the transverse portion. In other words, the cab (30) may be located to one side of the chassis (12).
• this arrangement allows the operator's field of vision (V) to simultaneously include the interior of an open shipping container (C) and the exterior of the shipping container (C) when the operator (O) is operating the lift truck (10) to lift/place a load out of/into the shipping container (C).
• This allows for safer and more accurate control of the lift truck (10) and the loading/unloading process.
• a container (C) can be off-loaded while being on a transport vehicle or positioned at ground level.
• the operator's cab (30) may be removed and the lift truck (10) controlled remotely.
• the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) are sufficiently spaced apart to straddle a width of a standard shipping container (C).
• Conventional standard shipping containers include 20, 30, 40 or 45 foot containers.
• the width of shipping containers may vary and so the distance between the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) may depend on the width of the container (C) in respect of which the lift truck (10) of the invention is to be used. Therefore, the distance between the arms (20L, 20R) may be at least 1.5 m, 1.75 m, 2 m, 2.25 m, 2.5 m, 2.75 m, 3 m or more.
• the width of commonly used shipping containers is typically 2.44 m (i.e. 8 feet).
• the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) may be sufficiently spaced apart to straddle a container width of 2.438 m.
• the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) may sufficiently spaced apart to allow for clearance at either side of a container (C) when the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) are positioned to straddle the width of the container.
• Such clearance may be necessary to allow the arms (20L, 20R) to straddle a container located on a transport vehicle, i.e. to straddle the container and the transport vehicle, and to take account of the transport vehicle having a greater width than the container.
• the chassis of the transport vehicle, or features or appendages of the transport vehicle e.g.
• the arms (20L, 20R) of the chassis (12) may be spaced apart such that the distance between the arms is at least 2.5 m, optionally at least 2.8 m, optionally at least 3 m, or more.
• the advantages of the lift truck (10) described above include:
• the lift truck (10) can be lighter than conventional lift trucks for a particular load weight that is required to be lifted.
• the lift truck (10) is more compact and manoeuvrable than conventional lift trucks as a result of it being smaller and lighter.
• the ground pressure at the fulcrum point is lower for the lift truck (10) of the invention.
• the lift truck (10) is more economical to manufacture than conventional lift trucks due its lighter weight.
• the lift truck (10) has lower fuel consumption than conventional lift trucks due to the overall construction being lighter and, as a consequence, a smaller power unit may be used.
• the lift truck (10) can off-load / load a container while the container is on a transport vehicle. 7. Loading docks/bays are not required by the lift truck (10) to off-load / load a container.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Transportation (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Geology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Loading Or Unloading Of Vehicles (AREA)

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Publications (2)

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• 2014
  • 2014-06-05 EP EP14730122.0A patent/EP3152149B1/de active Active
  • 2014-06-05 WO PCT/EP2014/061750 patent/WO2015185146A1/en not_active Ceased

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