EP3153636A2 - Präziser mauerblock und verfahren zu dessen kalibrierung - Google Patents

Präziser mauerblock und verfahren zu dessen kalibrierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3153636A2
EP3153636A2 EP16001930.3A EP16001930A EP3153636A2 EP 3153636 A2 EP3153636 A2 EP 3153636A2 EP 16001930 A EP16001930 A EP 16001930A EP 3153636 A2 EP3153636 A2 EP 3153636A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
blocks
calibration layer
calibration
facing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16001930.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3153636A3 (de
EP3153636B1 (de
Inventor
Vladimír Fajtl
Vojteck Ujka
Jan Smola
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HELUZ CIHLARSKY PRUMYSL VOS
Original Assignee
Heluz Cihlarsky Prumysl VOS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heluz Cihlarsky Prumysl VOS filed Critical Heluz Cihlarsky Prumysl VOS
Priority to PL16001930T priority Critical patent/PL3153636T3/pl
Publication of EP3153636A2 publication Critical patent/EP3153636A2/de
Publication of EP3153636A3 publication Critical patent/EP3153636A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3153636B1 publication Critical patent/EP3153636B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0053—Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to tiles, bricks or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element

Definitions

  • the invention relates to construction, namely to the production of precision walling blocks.
  • Ceramic walling blocks compared to other constructional walling units, have a certain disadvantage in that it is very difficult to maintain completely accurate measurements within small tolerances in the finished product.
  • shrinkage of the material occurs, which is not the same for all batches of products. This results in individual batches of blocks dimensionally differing from each other.
  • the dimensional differences between the individual blocks is compensated for by a thicker layer of mortar on the loading face and of the plaster on the outer facing, which leads to a more expensive and more difficult process of walling and plastering.
  • a similar problem occurs with concrete blocks, where the dimensional tolerances are limited by the clearance in the forms, differences in material composition, and inaccuracies in the manufacturing process. Demands for maximum accuracy in the dimensions, however, concern all walling blocks including, for example, foam silicate, calcium silicate, and others.
  • the other areas of the block i.e. the contact surface and facing surface, may exhibit dimensional deviations of up to 1 cm according to the standard, which is problematic especially on the facing surfaces.
  • the facing surfaces are understood as the surfaces that are oriented towards the façade and inside the room. When plastering these surfaces, a thick layer of mortar is needed again to compensate for these inaccuracies.
  • Patent CZ 304563 solves this problem by producing accurate ceramic walling blocks which, in addition to the loading areas, also have machined facing surfaces and which are provided with grooves for better adhesion of the mortar.
  • the grinding, respectively the machining, of the facing surfaces occurs after drying in the kiln.
  • plastering must be done using a relatively thin layer of 5 mm of plaster, usually a single layer.
  • the disadvantage of the solution according to document CZ 304563 consists in that machining blocks is expensive and is demanding regarding energy and equipment. The high costs of machining multiple surfaces on one block subsequently increase the selling price of the product and reduce its competitiveness. Equipment for grinding the blocks is also described in document EP 0849036B1 .
  • Patent document EP 0708210A1 describes a block fitted with insulation, an insulating layer, or an insulating plate which is connected to the block. This is a thermally insulating foamed clay material which is mounted in prismatic lines on the facing surface of the block. The front side of the insulating layer is ground to meet the requirements for the dimensional precision of individual blocks.
  • Patent CZ 295209 and other documents SU 837958 , RU 2055032 , and SU 742409 describe a general constructional block which can be formed as a ceramic walling block which is fitted with a finishing coat on the facing surface.
  • the finishing coat is decorative in nature and comprises a mixture of cement and sand in various fractions.
  • the thickness of the finishing coat is 3 to 50 mm, and the coating can be attached using anchor lugs.
  • the decorative coating is applied to the walling block in a form where the finishing coat is mixed in a liquid or plastic state.
  • the facing surface of the walling block is inserted into the mold, soaked in the coating, and after curing, the walling block is removed from the mold along with the solidified decorative coating on the facing surface.
  • This design is suitable particularly for walling blocks made of concrete, foam concrete, silicate aerated concrete, expanded clay concrete, or heat insulating material, and for decorative coatings based on concrete. It is not suitable for ceramic walling blocks for which the production line is adapted for the conveyor transfer of blocks, not for rotation thereof, soaking in the mold, and returning to the line, which would slow down the tempo of the production line.
  • the method of applying a decorative coating to a block does not change its thickness according to the size of the individual batch of fired blocks. The concrete coating degrades the surface properties of the ceramic blocks.
  • the invention aims to remedy the deficiencies of the known solutions described above and to create a design for a precision walling block which would have calibrated dimensions of its facing surfaces, wherein the method of this calibration should be, as opposed to the machining of the facing surfaces, inexpensive and usable for production lines and would be particularly suitable for line production of precision ceramic walling blocks for the calibration of different batches.
  • the thickness of the calibration layer is dependent on the difference between the individual blocks and preferably ranges from 0.1 mm to 25 mm.
  • materials based on silicate can be preferably used, which process well, and have a relatively rapid hardenability and sufficient resulting mechanical characteristics. This may be a lime-cement, gypsum, or lime-gypsum, and a fine lime plaster with a grain size up to 2 mm can be preferably used.
  • the facing surface of the blocks can be calibrated on only one side, but the finishing layer is preferably applied to both facing surfaces, so that the block is dimensionally unified on both the facade and the room side.
  • the calibration layer preferably has chamfered edges along the circumference of the facing surface.
  • a wall can be created in which all blocks have, towards at least one side of the wall, the same value indicating the resulting desired calibrated distance of the surface of the calibration layer on the respective facing surface from the central plane of symmetry of the block lying in the center between the facing surfaces.
  • the subject of the invention is also a method of carrying out the dimensional calibration of precision walling blocks having two opposing loading surfaces, two opposite contact faces, and two opposite facing surfaces.
  • the calibration layer is applied to the block oriented in the vertical position of its facing surfaces.
  • An even more preferred method may be when the calibration layer is successively applied to the blocks arranged in a row with the contact surfaces abutted towards each other and the facing surface towards the outside.
  • the material for forming the calibration layer is applied to the blocks arranged on the conveyor from the bin arranged at least on one side of the conveyor, using an applicator means created with the possibility of changing the thickness of the applied calibration layer. It is also possible to apply the calibration layer to stationary and non-moving blocks using a movable applicator means.
  • the calibration method according to the invention is preferably useful in the manufacture of precision ceramic walling blocks that have precisely machined loading surfaces but whose facing surfaces are inaccurate from the factory.
  • the calibration layer is applied after the blocks are dried and fired and after machining their loading surfaces.
  • the subject of the invention is also an apparatus for calibrating precision walling blocks which have two opposite loading surfaces, two opposite contact surfaces, and two opposite facing surfaces.
  • the principle of the apparatus according to the invention consists in the fact that it comprises at least one conveyor for moving a row of blocks arranged with their contact surfaces abutting, their facing surfaces oriented parallel to the moving direction of the conveyor, at least one cartridge for a material on a silicate base, and at least one applicator means for applying the material in a plastic or semi-solid or pasty or foamy state in a uniform calibration layer on at least one facing surface of the block, wherein the applicator means is connected to the material cartridge.
  • the apparatus is preferably formed as an integral unit of the cartridge and the applicator means.
  • the material is fed into the cartridge in application state, or the cartridge may be completed with an apparatus for preparing the material to its application state.
  • the applicator means is preferably formed by a wedge-shaped bottom part of the cartridge, which is provided with an application opening for applying the material on the facing surface of the blocks during their movement on the conveyor and for the creation of a calibration layer.
  • the apparatus is preferably provided with a means of adjustment for adjusting the distance of the application opening from the central plane of the row of blocks on the conveyor, respectively from the facing surfaces of the blocks on the conveyor.
  • the conveyor is provided with guide rails for directing the line of blocks.
  • the apparatus may be also provided with a pressing means abutting the upper loading surface of the blocks on the conveyor for better fixation.
  • the application opening is preferably quadrangular, and its height is the same as the height of the blocks.
  • the height and width of the application opening can also be adjustable.
  • the applicator means is preferably also fitted with a squeegee for smoothing, leveling, and refining the thickness of the applied material forming the calibration layer.
  • the apparatus can also be created in a kinematically inverted version, wherein the applicator means moves along a stationary block or row of blocks.
  • the advantages of the design according to the present invention consist mainly in the cheap and easy dimensional calibration of facing surfaces of precision walling blocks and in the easy change in thickness of the calibration layer for different batches of blocks.
  • the design is suitable for inclusion in production lines for ceramic blocks.
  • the technology of the calibration in contrast to known methods, is inexpensive and can be applied to row production.
  • the surface After construction of a wall from the thus treated blocks, the surface may be plastered e.g. only by a thin layer of a suitable plaster.
  • the invention can be especially implemented for any walling blocks, such as concrete, porous concrete, aerated concrete, foam silicate, lime concrete, ceramic blocks, blocks from insulating materials, and other constructional walling blocks.
  • walling blocks such as concrete, porous concrete, aerated concrete, foam silicate, lime concrete, ceramic blocks, blocks from insulating materials, and other constructional walling blocks.
  • the illustrated and described examples of embodiments relative to a specific ceramic walling block is equivalently applicable to other walling blocks not shown here.
  • Fig. 1 shows a row of precision ceramic walling blocks 1 known from the prior art.
  • the loading surfaces 2, 2 ' are precisely machined by grinding or machining, the contact surfaces 3 , 3 ' are facing each other, the outer facing surfaces 4, 4' of the middle blocks 1 , compared to the two end blocks 1 , have a longitudinal difference s which may be up to 10 mm.
  • Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 illustrate a block 1 calibrated according to the invention which completely eliminates this disadvantage.
  • the block 1 On both facing surfaces 4 , 4' the block 1 is provided with a calibration layer 5 made of lime cement plaster with a grain size of 1 mm.
  • Particularly suitable are plasters on a silicate base, such as e.g. gypsum or lime gypsum plaster, but in principle it is possible to use another suitable material 9 capable of curing and which has satisfactory mechanical properties such as e.g. putty, glue, leveling compound, and the like. In some cases, it is sufficient if the calibration layer 5 is applied only on one facing surface 4 of the block 1 .
  • the value L ji for each block 1 is different and represents the distance between its central plane R of symmetry lying in the center between the facing surfaces 4, 4' and the facing surface 4, 4' of the blocks 1 before the application of the calibration layer 5.
  • the value Lv represents the final desired calibrated distance of the surface of the calibration layer 5 from this central plane R of symmetry.
  • the value L v lies within a tolerance of ⁇ 1 mm, so no dimensional deviation occurs over max.
  • the thickness ⁇ t i of the calibration layer 5 for the individual blocks 1 varies according to the nominal dimensions of each block 1 , as shown in Fig. 7 . This may vary from 0.1 mm to 25 mm. Depending on the method of application and the type of material 9 of the calibration layer 5 , the calibration layer 5 may have chamfered edges around the circumference of the facing surfaces 4 , 4' before curing to prevent the formation of protrusions or burrs, which would in turn disrupt the flatness of the surface of the wall assembled of blocks 1 .
  • the application of the material 9 forming the calibration layer 5 on the facing wall 4 , 4' of the blocks 1 can take place in various ways.
  • the material 9 can be applied e.g. manually using appropriate tools and templates and standards that ensure the achievement of the desired final calibrated distance L v .
  • a calibration apparatus which may have many forms and embodiments, depending on the choice of material 9 and the method of coating on the facing surface 4 , 4' , which may be carried out e.g. by spraying, dipping, wiping, sticking, coating, plating, and the like.
  • the apparatus shown in Figs. 4 to 6 is only one of the possible variants of the apparatus suitable for industrial application.
  • the apparatus consists of a frame 16 and a chain conveyor 6 on which the blocks 1 are laid abutting each other, the contact surfaces 3 , 3 ' towards each other, and the facing surfaces 4 , 4' parallel to the direction of movement.
  • the blocks 1 must be centered on the center of the conveyor 6 .
  • guide rails 12 are used or possibly a pressure belt (not shown) resting on the upper loading surface 2 of the blocks 1 and pressing the row of blocks 1 to the conveyor 6 in a fixed position.
  • another suitable conveyor 6 may be used, e.g. a belt conveyor which secures the centered position of the blocks 1 .
  • the stands 15 are provided with a means for adjustment 11 for adjusting both vertically and horizontally i.e.
  • the cartridge 7 contains a lime-cement plaster or another suitable material 9 , in a plastic or wet state.
  • the cartridge 7 may be connected by a tube (not shown) to the apparatus for the preparation of the material 9 .
  • the cartridge 7 is welded from a steel plate, as is the applicator means 8 which forms a continuous wedge-shaped bottom part of the cartridge 7 , which is open in the direction towards the blocks and forms a tetragonal application opening 10 .
  • the material 9 through gravitational force, is pushed from the reservoir 7 to the application opening 10 and is discharged onto the facing wall 4 , 4' of the blocks 1 passing the application opening 10 along the conveyor 6 .
  • the application opening 10 is surrounded by flanges 14 on its top and bottom edges.
  • the vertical edge of the application opening 10 in the direction of the movement of the blocks 1 is fitted with a metal or rubber squeegee 13 which smooths and levels the surface of the material 9 forming the calibration layer 5 .
  • the appropriate distance of the application opening 10 can be set to create the necessary thickness ⁇ t i of the calibration layer 5 and achieve the final desired calibrated distance L v , thus providing a sufficient dimensional unification of the blocks 1 .
  • the blocks 1 with the applied calibration layer 5 are separated from the row and cleaned, respectively the edges of the facing surfaces 4 , 4' are knocked off so as to prevent unevenness from the material 9 that would prevent the placement of the blocks 1 from abutting each other while building a wall and which would worsen the flatness of the wall.
  • the blocks 1 are stored in an intermediate storage to await curing of the calibration layer 5 to be finally stored on a shipping pallet.
  • the invention is usable in construction and in the production of construction materials, particularly of precision walling blocks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
EP16001930.3A 2015-09-02 2016-09-02 Präziser mauerblock Active EP3153636B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL16001930T PL3153636T3 (pl) 2015-09-02 2016-09-02 Precyzyjny pustak ścienny

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2015-599A CZ306255B6 (cs) 2015-09-02 2015-09-02 Přesná zdicí tvarovka, způsob a zařízení pro její rozměrovou kalibraci a stěna z těchto tvarovek

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3153636A2 true EP3153636A2 (de) 2017-04-12
EP3153636A3 EP3153636A3 (de) 2017-09-13
EP3153636B1 EP3153636B1 (de) 2021-01-13

Family

ID=56997287

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16001930.3A Active EP3153636B1 (de) 2015-09-02 2016-09-02 Präziser mauerblock

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3153636B1 (de)
CZ (1) CZ306255B6 (de)
HU (1) HUE053581T2 (de)
PL (1) PL3153636T3 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114575607B (zh) * 2022-03-28 2024-05-14 中海外交通建设有限公司 一种用于房建砌墙的辅助设备

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU742409A1 (ru) 1977-05-19 1980-06-25 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Строительных Конструкций Госстроя Ссср Способ отделки строительных изделий
SU837958A1 (ru) 1978-12-04 1981-06-15 Minyajlo Andrej Полимерминеральна смесь
RU2055032C1 (ru) 1993-04-28 1996-02-27 Дмитрий Евгеньевич Румянцев Способ изготовления строительного отделочного покрытия
EP0708210A1 (de) 1994-10-22 1996-04-24 Volker Schmidt Mauerstein
EP0849036B1 (de) 1996-12-19 2001-09-05 Keller H.C.W. GmbH Maschine zum seitlichen Planieren von im Kalibriermass unterschiedlich grossen Ziegelei- und Feuerfest-Produkten
CZ295209B6 (cs) 1997-03-19 2005-06-15 Ivan Vasilievich Sitnikov Stavební element a způsob jeho výroby
CZ304563B6 (cs) 2012-10-16 2014-07-09 Wienerberger cihlářský průmysl, a.s. Zdicí prvek

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1322205A (fr) * 1962-02-09 1963-03-29 Procédé de préfabrication de blocs composites et blocs obtenus selon ce procédé
DE2103094A1 (de) * 1971-01-23 1972-07-27 Hoyer, Ernst, 8481 Ullersricht Rasterverbundstein mit Wärmedämmschicht
FR2512090B1 (fr) * 1981-08-25 1986-05-02 Damiani Freres Ets Nouveau bloc prefabrique pour la construction
SU1715610A1 (ru) * 1988-12-13 1992-02-28 Кишиневский Сельскохозяйственный Институт Им.М.В.Фрунзе Установка дл изготовлени составных блоков
US5715635A (en) * 1989-12-11 1998-02-10 Sherwood; Don T. Building block unit and method of manufacturing same
DE29521117U1 (de) * 1995-01-31 1996-10-17 Rimmele, Raimund, 89584 Ehingen Hochloch-Leichtziegel für den Mauerwerksbau
DE19733484A1 (de) * 1997-08-01 1999-02-04 Tubag Trass Zement Stein Stein zur Herstellung einer Mauer und Mauer bestehend aus mindestens zwei Steinen
CN2531004Y (zh) * 2002-03-29 2003-01-15 周南湘 一种系列外墙保温装饰砌块砖
MD274Z (ro) * 2010-04-15 2011-04-30 Технический университет Молдовы Instalaţie pentru fabricarea blocurilor compuse de gabarite mari pentru pereţi

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU742409A1 (ru) 1977-05-19 1980-06-25 Научно-Исследовательский Институт Строительных Конструкций Госстроя Ссср Способ отделки строительных изделий
SU837958A1 (ru) 1978-12-04 1981-06-15 Minyajlo Andrej Полимерминеральна смесь
RU2055032C1 (ru) 1993-04-28 1996-02-27 Дмитрий Евгеньевич Румянцев Способ изготовления строительного отделочного покрытия
EP0708210A1 (de) 1994-10-22 1996-04-24 Volker Schmidt Mauerstein
EP0849036B1 (de) 1996-12-19 2001-09-05 Keller H.C.W. GmbH Maschine zum seitlichen Planieren von im Kalibriermass unterschiedlich grossen Ziegelei- und Feuerfest-Produkten
CZ295209B6 (cs) 1997-03-19 2005-06-15 Ivan Vasilievich Sitnikov Stavební element a způsob jeho výroby
CZ304563B6 (cs) 2012-10-16 2014-07-09 Wienerberger cihlářský průmysl, a.s. Zdicí prvek

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL3153636T3 (pl) 2021-06-28
CZ2015599A3 (cs) 2016-11-02
HUE053581T2 (hu) 2021-07-28
CZ306255B6 (cs) 2016-11-02
EP3153636A3 (de) 2017-09-13
EP3153636B1 (de) 2021-01-13

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