EP3155205B1 - Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement - Google Patents

Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3155205B1
EP3155205B1 EP15736552.9A EP15736552A EP3155205B1 EP 3155205 B1 EP3155205 B1 EP 3155205B1 EP 15736552 A EP15736552 A EP 15736552A EP 3155205 B1 EP3155205 B1 EP 3155205B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tubular stiffener
nanoparticles
tubular
stiffener
stiffener according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15736552.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3155205A1 (fr
Inventor
Cyril HOLYST
Henri Morand
Cécile IZARN
Richard DANIELL
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Technip Energies France SAS
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Technip France SAS
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/01—Risers
    • E21B17/017—Bend restrictors for limiting stress on risers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a stiffener made of a polymeric material intended to be installed around a flexible pipe for transporting hydrocarbons so as to limit the curvature thereof.
  • One envisaged field of application is in particular, but not exclusively, that of transporting hot hydrocarbons in a marine environment, for example at a temperature above 80 ° C.
  • a hydrocarbon for example, the rise of a hydrocarbon, from an underwater well head to a floating oil field, such as a semi-submersible platform or an FPSO "Floating Production Storage” and Offloading ".
  • Another field of application envisaged is that of the injection of hot water and / or gas inside the submarine well in order to improve the recovery of the crude oil that it contains.
  • the flexible pipes referred to herein comprise one or more generally metallic layers of crush resistance, one or more polymer layers for isolating the hydrocarbon from the external environment, generally metal wire wires wound helically under form of cross plies providing tensile strength, and an outer protective layer of polymer.
  • These pipes are described in particular by API 17J and API RP 17B standards published by the American Petroleum Institute.
  • Such pipes can be damaged when they bend under the action of the agitation of the marine environment or during their installation, and that their radius of curvature becomes too small.
  • the flexible pipe is equipped with a bending limiter in English, complying with the requirements of Annex B of API 17J.
  • the curvature limiter is a type of general equipment encompassing both specific equipment such as bend restrictors, also known as “vertebrae", and bend stiffeners, or “bending stiffeners”. English.
  • the flexible pipe is equipped with a tubular stiffener of curvature, for example but not exclusively of the type disclosed in the applications FR2741696 , WO 98/23845 , WO 2013/113316 .
  • the curvature reducers are in the form of a plurality of elements or "vertebrae", generally polyurethane, assembled together to provide a curvature limiter adapted to protect the flexible pipe around which it is mounted.
  • This type of curvature limiter is generally used for static applications. It is connected at the ends of the flexible pipe located both under the sea surface and in the air at the floating oil field assembly.
  • the curvature-stiffening type curvature limiter has an elastic tubular body formed from polyurethane molding, intended to allow an acceptable minimum radius of curvature, or "MBR", an acronym for the English expression Minimum Bending Radius, for the driving portion.
  • MRR minimum radius of curvature
  • This portion corresponds for example to the end of the pipe equipped with a connecting piece connecting the pipe and said float floating oil surface assembly.
  • the portion equipped with the tubular stiffener is situated under the sea at an intermediate connection between two ends of flexible pipe. And, according to another variant, it is the portion located in the lower part of the flexible pipe, at a submarine connection structure and operating fluid, that we equip a tubular stiffener.
  • the portion at the bottom of the flexible pipe is equipped with a vertebral type curvature reducer.
  • the curvature-reducing curvature limiter has a tubular body having a plurality of assembled polyurethane molding elements, and as the curvature stiffener, for allowing an acceptable minimum radius of curvature.
  • curvature limiter sees its stiffness and its mechanical capabilities to withstand heavy loads, decreased.
  • polyurethane curvature limiters excessively insulate the flexible pipe which would then be degraded prematurely in contact with the seawater and under the combined action of the thermal energy transmitted by the hydrocarbon. hot, and / or hot water transported by the flexible pipe.
  • a problem that arises and that aims to solve the present invention is to provide a tubular stiffener that not only allows to dissipate the thermal energy it receives from the flexible pipe, but also, which retains its mechanical properties.
  • the present invention provides a tubular stiffener made of a polymeric material and intended to be installed around a portion of flexible pipe for transporting hydrocarbons to limit the curvature of said flexible pipe portion, said flexible pipe providing thermal energy to said tubular stiffener when said flexible pipe carries hot hydrocarbons, said tubular stiffener being able to dissipate the heat energy supplied by said flexible pipe.
  • the polymeric material is loaded with nanoparticles to dissipate heat energy.
  • a feature of the invention lies in the implementation of nanoparticles in the polymer material so as to increase the thermal conductivity of the latter and thus, to promote the dissipation of thermal energy when it receives it.
  • the nanoparticles are homogeneously disseminated within the mass of the polymer, which in no way affects the mechanical properties thereof, which then retains them integrally. In this way, the temperature of the stiffener remains below a limit value, which preserves aging and chemical degradation, and in particular hydrolysis.
  • said polymeric material is a polyurethane.
  • the stiffener has mechanical properties of elasticity among those highest that a synthetic material may have.
  • the elongation of the polyurethane materials is of elastic type over a large amplitude, for example until rupture.
  • said nanoparticles are nanotubes nano-ribbons or nano-powders.
  • the nano-tubes have particular crystalline structures, nanometric, tubular and hollow, composed of atoms arranged regularly.
  • Nano-ribbons are for example obtained by an opening or cutting operation of the nanotubes.
  • nano-ribbons are in graphene.
  • the nanoparticles may be in the form of a powder that is easily dispersible in a polymer material to be molded or injected.
  • said nanoparticles are made of boron nitride.
  • the nanoparticles are hexagonal boron nitride.
  • the nanoparticles are made of aluminum nitride.
  • the carbon atoms In comparison with carbon nanotubes, the carbon atoms have been replaced by nitrogen and boron atoms, or alternatively nitrogen and aluminum atoms. This results in a better thermal conduction and hence better dissipates the thermal energy that the stiffener receives from the flexible pipe.
  • the type of nanoparticles dispersed in the polymer material is determined during the design phase of the tubular stiffener so that it responds perfectly to the desired application.
  • tubular stiffener has two opposite ends and a wall having a decreasing thickness of one of said ends towards the other of said ends.
  • a characteristic makes it possible to vary the stiffness of the stiffener along its longitudinal axis between the two ends.
  • the stiffener has a higher resistance to deformation in areas where the wall is thicker and conversely, lower when the wall is thinner.
  • the tubular stiffener further comprises a fastener mounted either on said one of said two opposite ends, or directly on the structure of the operating floating surface assembly to which the flexible pipe is connected.
  • said fixing member comprises a ring inserted inside said one of said two opposite ends.
  • the tubular stiffener is for example molded in one piece. It can also be molded in two parts, as disclosed in the international application WO98 / 41729 .
  • the present invention relates to a flexible hydrocarbon transport pipe having an end portion equipped with a connecting piece, and it advantageously comprises a tubular stiffener according to the aforementioned characteristics, said tubular stiffener being fixed to said tip.
  • a tubular stiffener according to the aforementioned characteristics, said tubular stiffener being fixed to said tip.
  • the Figure 1 partially illustrates a tubular flexible pipe 10 having an end 12 provided with a connecting piece 14, which is rigid. It is for example made of steel.
  • the connecting end 14 and the end 12 of the flexible pipe 10 are engaged inside a tubular stiffener 16 according to the invention.
  • the flexible pipe 10 comprises metal layers and layers of polymer material not shown in FIG.
  • a metal carcass made of a spirally stapled metal ribbon
  • a sealing sheath made of polymeric material
  • a pressure vault made of a wire wound at a pitch short contiguous turns
  • at least one layer of tensile armor made of a plurality of metal wires wound with a long pitch and a protective sheath of polymer material.
  • the end 12 of the flexible pipe 10 is crimped into the connection piece 14 so as, on the one hand, to seal the connection between the end 12 and the connection piece and, on the other hand, to be able to resume the tensile forces especially through the layer of tensile armor.
  • the connecting end 14 is intended to be connected to the end of a rigid pipe for example, which is held in a fixed position relative to a marine installation.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 is intended to limit the curvature of the flexible pipe 10 in the vicinity from its end 12.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 has a fastening end 18, substantially cylindrical, and a free end 20, opposite to the fastening end 18. Between the two fastening ends 18 and free 20, the tubular stiffener 16 has a central portion 22 substantially conical. Also, the thickness of the wall of the tubular stiffener 16, between a substantially cylindrical inner surface 24 and a conical outer surface 26, decreases from the fastening end 18 towards the free end 20 so as to increase its mechanical inertia. It will be observed that the diameter of the cylindrical inner surface 24 of the central portion 22 of the stiffener 16 is substantially equal, with the functional clearance close, to the external diameter of the flexible pipe 10.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 has a length for example between 2 m and 10 m, and more specifically, according to an alternative embodiment, 4 m. Also, the thickness of the wall varies for example from 5 cm up to 50 cm, from the free end 20 to the fixing end 18.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 is preferably molded in one piece in a polymeric material, and advantageously in polyurethane.
  • the polymer material is loaded with nanoparticles to be able to dissipate thermal energy as will be explained below.
  • Polyurethane has the advantage of having good resistance to seawater and aliphatic solvents, and moreover, its mechanical properties and in particular elastic are remarkable.
  • the polyurethane is for example prepared by copolymerization between a prepolymer and a chain extender, the prepolymer being itself obtained by reaction between a di-isocyanate and a glycol (or polyol).
  • the di-isocyanate is, for example, a tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or a diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI).
  • the glycol is for example chosen from the families of polyethers or polyesters.
  • the chain extender is either an amine or an alcohol.
  • the polyurethane used for the invention is produced by molding operation of a prepolymer obtained by copolymerization between a toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) with a polyester and an amine of the methylene bis orthochloroaniline type (MBOCA).
  • TDI toluylene diisocyanate
  • MOCA methylene bis orthochloroaniline type
  • This type of polyurethane has a density of between 1 g / cm 3 and 1.30 g / cm 3 .
  • the hardness of the stiffeners measured is between 40 shore D (or 90 shore A) and 90 shore D, depending on whether a curvature stiffener or a curvature reducer is used.
  • Additives such as plasticizers can be added to the polyurethane if it is desired to influence its hardness.
  • polyurethanes having a greater rigidity can be used for the realization of bending restrictors, in order to meet the loading criterion that this type of equipment may have to support.
  • the polyurethanes used for producing the tubular stiffeners have, on the one hand, an elongation at break generally greater than 300% and, on the other hand, an elastic behavior precisely up to this rupture.
  • the flexural strength of the stiffener increases from the free end 20 to the attachment end 18, because the thickness of the wall of the tubular stiffener 16 is increasing.
  • the curvature of the flexible pipe 10 in the vicinity of its end 12 is limited, and this, progressively as one approaches the end 12.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 further comprises an attachment ring 28 inserted inside the fixing end 18.
  • the fixing ring 28 is shaped so as to receive, by shape cooperation, the end piece 14 of the pipe 10, specifically to ensure the attachment of the tubular stiffener 16 at the tip 14.
  • the fixing ring 28 can also be shaped to provide an interface with an external structural protection element such as a "J" -tube “or” I-tube "or even directly with a set of floating oil field.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 is molded on the fixing ring 28.
  • the polymeric material with which the tubular stiffener 16 is molded is loaded with nanoparticles so as to be able to evacuate the thermal energy. transmitted by the hot fluid passing through the flexible pipe 10. Indeed, frequently, when the hydrocarbon is extracted at great depths, in the seabed, its temperature currently exceeds 100 ° C. Therefore, the hot hydrocarbon transmits to the pipe this heat energy that it contains and therefore it is transmitted by conduction to the tubular stiffener 16.
  • tubular stiffener 16 allows the tubular stiffener 16 to quickly evacuate the thermal energy it receives and thus prevents it from being raised to high temperatures. This helps preserve it from early degradation.
  • the improvement in the thermal conductivity of the tubular stiffener 16 coupled to the fact that it is also cooled by seawater ensures a temperature of structure substantially identical to that of seawater. its stiffness is increased and therefore, the manufacture of tubular stiffener with dimensions reduced compared to those manufactured today is possible.
  • the nanoparticles used are nanotubes of boron nitride. They have the advantage of having a very good resistance to heat. And moreover, they help promote the dissipation of thermal energy.
  • the use of the material according to the present invention comprises an operation for mixing the nanoparticles with one of the two compounds involved in the copolymerization reaction of the polyurethane as described above, namely either the prepolymer or the chain extender.
  • This makes it possible to obtain a more homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles.
  • the percentage of nanoparticles introduced into one of the two compounds is determined as a function of the thermal conduction properties, and / or the desired mechanical properties, as well as the temperature of the seawater and the hydrocarbon fluid flowing within it. flexible pipe 10.
  • the seawater temperature is of the order of a few degrees Celsius allowing the tubular stiffener 16 to evacuate more thermal energy.
  • the tubular stiffener 16 when the tubular stiffener 16 is located near the surface, where the temperature of the seawater is higher, or in the air, it is more difficult for them to evacuate the excess thermal energy. In this way, the tubular stiffener 16 located at great depths will not require the introduction of a high percentage of nanoparticles in its polyurethane body while a tubular stiffener located near the surface or in the air will have a body polyurethane comprising a higher percentage of nanoparticles.
  • the particles made of aluminum nitride have the advantage of having a thermal conductivity equivalent to 285 W / m.K.
  • the hexagonal edge nitride particles have a thermal conductivity of between 1700 and 2000 W / m.K.
  • nanoparticles can be dispersed in other types of polymeric materials, such as polypropylene, nylon or natural or silicone rubbers for the realization of all or part of the elements that comprises a bending stiffener or "bending stiffener”.
  • such a material can also be used for the manufacture of a bending restrictor and more particularly to the manufacture of the plurality of elements that compose it, as described below.
  • the underwater flexible pipe 10 is equipped with a particular bending restrictor.
  • the invention can not be limited to this unique configuration of curvature reducer described in more detail below.
  • the curvature reducer 30 is connected to a floating surface assembly via a terminal element 31 of generally metal connection, connected to the end cap 14 of the pipe 10.
  • the curvature reducer has a length of for example between 2 m and 10 m.
  • the curvature reducer is inserted and held in position in an "I-tube” or a "J-tube”.
  • the curvature reducer 30 has a plurality of elements 32 connected to each other at their ends.
  • each element 32 is in the form of two half-shells 32a; 32b concentric with respect to a longitudinal axis AA 'and held integrally with each other by appropriate fastening means (not shown), for example by bolting.
  • each half-shell comprises a first end 33 and a second end 34 adapted to cooperate together. More specifically, the shapes of the first and second ends 33; 34 are complementary and cooperate together with play. Also, the thickness of the wall of the elements 32 varies for example between 2 cm and 30 cm.
  • the plurality of elements 32 is arranged around the outer sealing sheath of the pipe 10 so that the first end 33 of an element 32 is connected to the second end 34 of another element 32. A free space is thus created between the inner surface of the plurality of elements 32 and the outer surface of the outer sealing sheath.
  • This operation is repeated step by step, for each addition of element 32 until the desired number is obtained.
  • the number of elements 32 is chosen according to their length, so that once arranged around the pipe 10, they limit its radius of curvature to a minimum acceptable value or "MBR" determined. More particularly, it is necessary to limit the curvature of the pipe 10 at the zone located near the end cap 14. When the pipe 10 is subjected to bending forces, the first ends 33 abut against the second ends 34 thus limiting the curved deformation of the pipe.
  • the elements 32 of the curvature reducer 30 are made by molding.
  • the material used for the manufacture of these elements can be either a metal or a polymer.
  • the choice of material depends on the loading forces to be taken up by the elements 32.
  • the elements 32 closest to the end tip 14 of the pipe 10 are generally the most mechanically stressed.
  • the pipe portion close to the nozzle 14 may be partially or totally immersed in seawater. Therefore, in the free space between the outer sheath of sealing and the elements 32, seawater heated by the thermal energy released by the hot fluid transported may be there.
  • the elements 32 are made by molding from a thermosetting material such as a polyurethane.
  • a polyurethane is chosen as that used for producing the curvature stiffener according to the invention.
  • Other polyurethanes having a greater rigidity can be used to meet the loading criterion that a curvature reducer is made to bear.
  • the polymer material is loaded with nanoparticles which allows a rapid evacuation of the thermal energy as explained above.
  • polyurethane has the advantage of having good resistance to seawater and aliphatic solvents, and moreover, its mechanical properties are remarkable.
  • the half-shells 33; 34 forming the elements 32 of the curvature reducer 30 have a better thermal conductivity and are then able to evacuate in the surrounding sea water or in the air, the thermal energy transmitted by the fluid flowing in the flexible pipe 10 and stored by the seawater in the presence in said free space.
  • the mechanical properties of the elements 32 made of polyurethane loaded with nanoparticles are improved and they are not likely to be attenuated or degraded by accelerated thermal aging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
EP15736552.9A 2014-06-16 2015-06-16 Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement Active EP3155205B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1455485A FR3022292B1 (fr) 2014-06-16 2014-06-16 Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement
PCT/FR2015/051594 WO2015193607A1 (fr) 2014-06-16 2015-06-16 Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3155205A1 EP3155205A1 (fr) 2017-04-19
EP3155205B1 true EP3155205B1 (fr) 2019-10-30

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15736552.9A Active EP3155205B1 (fr) 2014-06-16 2015-06-16 Raidisseur tubulaire regule thermiquement

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3155205B1 (da)
BR (1) BR112016029331B1 (da)
DK (1) DK3155205T3 (da)
FR (1) FR3022292B1 (da)
WO (1) WO2015193607A1 (da)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB201409217D0 (en) * 2014-05-23 2014-07-09 Wellstream Int Ltd Contact pressure limitation
GB2566480B (en) * 2017-09-14 2020-05-20 Subsea 7 Do Brasil Servicos Ltda Subsea riser systems

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2741696B1 (fr) * 1995-11-29 1998-01-02 Coflexip Raidisseur pour une canalisation flexible a usage en milieu marin
US8020621B2 (en) * 2007-05-08 2011-09-20 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole applications of composites having aligned nanotubes for heat transport
US20120118647A1 (en) * 2008-11-04 2012-05-17 Baker Hughes Incorporated Downhole mud motor and method of improving durabilty thereof
US20120318532A1 (en) * 2011-06-16 2012-12-20 Schlumberger Technology Corporation Temperature Resistant Downhole Elastomeric Device

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3022292A1 (fr) 2015-12-18
BR112016029331A2 (pt) 2017-08-22
DK3155205T3 (da) 2020-01-27
EP3155205A1 (fr) 2017-04-19
BR112016029331B1 (pt) 2022-06-28
FR3022292B1 (fr) 2016-07-29
WO2015193607A1 (fr) 2015-12-23

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