EP3175535A2 - Machine électrique homopolaire à flux transversal - Google Patents
Machine électrique homopolaire à flux transversalInfo
- Publication number
- EP3175535A2 EP3175535A2 EP15751059.5A EP15751059A EP3175535A2 EP 3175535 A2 EP3175535 A2 EP 3175535A2 EP 15751059 A EP15751059 A EP 15751059A EP 3175535 A2 EP3175535 A2 EP 3175535A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- inductor
- machine according
- rotating electrical
- electrical machine
- armatures
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/18—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
- H02K19/20—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators with variable-reluctance soft-iron rotors without winding
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/18—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates only with poles of one polarity, e.g. homopolar generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/145—Stator cores with salient poles having an annular coil, e.g. of the claw-pole type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
- H02K1/246—Variable reluctance rotors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
- H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
- H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
- H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
- H02K19/103—Motors having windings on the stator and a variable reluctance soft-iron rotor without windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
- H02K19/22—Synchronous generators having windings each turn of which co-operates alternately with poles of opposite polarity, e.g. heteropolar generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/14—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures
- H02K21/145—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating within the armatures having an annular armature coil
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
- H02K21/227—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos having an annular armature coil
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/12—Transversal flux machines
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to rotating electrical machines with homopolar structure, also called electrical machines with transverse flow, composed or otherwise, very generally including a stator and a rotor, in particular likely to be housed in a carcass. At least one of the stator and the rotor consists of at least one electric coil carried by a magnetic yoke, having at least two poles angularly offset by a substantially equal angle value.
- Figure 1 shows the state of the art for said simple homopolar structure, in an octopole version, with three-phase claw stator and superficial magnet rotor.
- Another embodiment may comprise a buried magnet rotor.
- Another embodiment may comprise a polyphase stator, the number of structural phases being any (greater than or equal to unity).
- Another embodiment may comprise an inverted external rotor.
- the embodiment of Figure 1 comprises three stators identical (cl), (c2) and (c3), forming a simple three-phase homopolar machine (cO).
- Said stators (cl), (c2) and (c3) will be noted in this document structural phases when they are complete with their coil (c4), (c5) or (c6). These structural phases are out of phase with each other by an angle of about 30 ° mechanical for a three-phase version.
- the angle (clO), the phase shift angle between the phase (cl) and the phase (c2) is substantially 30 ° and the angle (eyel) is the phase shift angle.
- between the structural phase (cl) and the structural phase (c3) is substantially 60 °.
- the angle (clO) corresponds substantially to one third of the electric angle of the rotating machine, said electric angle being equal to 360 ° (one turn) divided by the number of pairs of poles (four in this octopole case).
- the angle (eyelash) is substantially double the angle (clO).
- angular offsets may be different, depending on the applications, but these variations are in the state of the prior art known, applied to other structures of rotating machinery in particular. They only serve to optimize the final rotating machine.
- a two-phase version of said rotating machine would comprise only two stators (cl) and (c2), which would then be shifted by an angle (clO) equal to 45 ° in the octopole embodiment described in FIG. 1.
- the rules for calculating Angular offsets between structural phases, or respective stators are part of the state of the prior art.
- the number of electrical supply phases is at least equal to the number of structural phases (stators) (cl), (c2), (c3).
- the stators (cl), (c2) and (c3) may have a clawed or corrugated structure (made with twisted metal), which is characterized by an apparent undulation of the stator coils, noted respectively (c4), (c5) and (c6) around the X / Y rotation planes (cl2) of each stator. Said undulation can be obtained by twisting the stator teeth, as proposed by French patent application No. 2809240, or by encircling the coils (c4), (c5) and (c6) as proposed in French patent application no. 2828027.
- the stators (cl), (c2) and (c3) are all made in the same way (blO), from two identical claws (bl) and (b2), enclosing a coil (b3).
- Said claws are assembled one on the other, according to the patent application No. 2828027, so that their respective teeth (b4) and (b5) of the two claws (bl) and (b2) are substantially equidistant .
- the claw (bl) is placed on the claw (b2), as indicated by the arrow (b7).
- the contact areas (b30) between the claws (bl) and (b2) must be correctly made to avoid unwanted magnetic gaps in the contact area.
- this contact zone (b30) may not consist of a coplanar plane according to X / Y (cl2), but adopt any other shape such as a corrugation or even aliasing, which would allow the relative angular setting of said claws ( bl) and (b2).
- the claw (b2) is angularly offset relative to the claw (bl).
- Said stall angle (b6) is in the case of the stator of FIG. 2 substantially half of the electric angle of the machine, that is to say for this polarity of 14 pairs of poles shown in FIG. the value of 12,857 °.
- each tooth (b4) and (b5) form a complete electrical pole of the machine.
- the rotor may be of several kinds, in particular synchronous, asynchronous or variable reluctance.
- the various embodiments known to date of the rotors are part of the state of the prior art and all adapt to the presence of a set of claw stators, as described in Figure 1.
- Figures 1 and 2 are part of the state of the prior art. They include the inverted stator version, where the teeth (b4) and (b5) of the claws (bl) and (b2) are located on the outer periphery, with a rotor that is located outside the stator.
- FIG 3 shows how two claws (aO) and
- (garlic) generically form a structural phase (al4a) or (al4b), which structural phase can form indifferently an armature or inductor of a rotating electrical machine, depending on whether the coil (a5) is internally enclosed by the claws ( alO) and (garlic).
- the case represented by the embodiment (al4a) corresponds to a so-called inverse structure machine, with an external rotor, where the coil (a5) is placed inside the rotor.
- the case represented by the realization (al4b) corresponds to a machine said direct structure, with internal rotor, where the coil (a5) is placed outside the rotor.
- the state of the prior art clearly shows the interchangeability of the various elements of an electric rotating machine, in particular their internal or external relative position, as shown in FIG. 4.
- the structural phase (a1) consisting of two claws (alO) and (garlic), may be located outside a room (a22), to then form a direct single-phase rotating machine (a20b).
- the structural phase (al4) consisting of two claws (aO) and (garlic) can be located inside a room (a21), to then form a reverse single-phase rotating machine (a20a).
- the axial juxtaposition of these complete machines (a20a) or (a20b), angularly offset by a suitable angle makes it possible to form a polyphase rotating machine.
- the parts (al4), (a22) and (a21) can be indifferently static or rotating. If a rotating part (al4) comprises a solidarity coil, it must then feed it by rings or any other system known to those skilled in the art (rotating diodes for example).
- the combination (a21) static and (al4) rotating corresponds to a machine (a20a) forming a claw alternator, called Lundell, widely used in combustion engines. All other combinations are possible, such as (al4) rotating and (a22) static, or alternatively (al4) rotating and (a21) static, or the two parts (al4) and (a22) rotating, or both parts ( al4) and (a21) rotating. These different combinations are widely described in the state of the art, for rotating machines coplanar structure.
- FIG. 5 presents a state of the art of homopolar rotor machines fed with direct current.
- FIG. 5 shows the conventional structure of a homopolar rotor machine (also referred to as a transverse flux electric machine) in which a coplanar four-pole polyphase stator (a1) is placed around a rotor separated into two half-rotors (a2) and a3), offset anqulairement relative to each other mechanical 90 °.
- the rotor excitation coil (a4) is located in the median meeting plane of the two half-rotors (a2) and (a3).
- the coil (a4) contains a magnetic flux noted cj), which passes radially through the gap separating the rotor from the stator opposite the zones denoted S on the side of the rotor (a3) and opposite the marked zones. N on the rotor side (a2).
- the pole shapes of the state of the prior art are diverse, and can for example take the form, in single-phase machines, of salient poles.
- a single-phase machine with salient poles then consists of one or two sets (glO) as described in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- a part (gl) made of ferromagnetic material receives, in a version (g5), a winding which can be nested (g3) or, in a version (g6), corrugated (g4).
- the nested winding (g3) is characterized by the fact that each turn turns several times around the same pole (g2), before moving on to the next pole (g2).
- a corrugated winding (g4) is characterized by the fact that each turn passes around all the poles (g2) of the piece (gl) before returning to the same pole (g2).
- a combination wavy-nested is possible, the state of the art describes it abundantly.
- the piece (gl) is associated with a piece (gl3), which comprises magnets (gl2) or a winding surrounding polar pieces (gl2).
- the right-hand set (glO) enlarged in (g11) in the left-hand part of the figure, forms a single-phase machine with double saliency, where the current in the different coils can be continuous or alternating.
- the assembly formed by (gl2) and (gl3) can be achieved using a smooth poles structure, as described in the state of the art, through notches crossed by electric coils.
- Parts (gl3) can be either internal or external to parts (gl). It is possible to demonstrate that the so-called homopolar structures (a20a) and (a20b) of FIG. 4 are in fact single-phase machines, which proceed from the same generic topology as (gl) as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
- the present invention refers as previously indicated to rotating electrical machines with homopolar structure (also called transverse flow electric machine), composite or otherwise.
- Rotating electrical machines with homopolar structure conventionally comprise a stator and a rotor, at least the stator or the rotor consisting of at least one electrical coil carried by a magnetic cylinder head.
- the rotating electrical machine according to the present invention further comprises at least two poles offset anqulairement angle value substantially equal. These poles may consist of tabs or teeth secured to said annular yoke and folded parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine, or by excrescences integral with said annular yoke, or made by notches machined in the cylinder head, receiving drivers.
- the rotating parts can be multiple, and the fixed parts, called stators, can also be multiple. It is then possible to form a rotating electrical machine comprising a single stator, or qroupe of stators, associated with a single rotor, or several rotors or qroupes rotors. By extension, it is possible to form a rotating electrical machine having any number of stators or stators qroupes, associated with any number of rotors or rotors qroupes.
- a polyphase rotary electrical machine comprises Npe electrical phases, that is to say comprising Npe qroupes independent coils, powered by a polyphase system adapted.
- Said polyphase rotating electrical machine is formed of Np qroupes of single-phase rotating electrical machines.
- the rotors and stators can be mounted directly with the rotor internal to the stator, or inversely, with the rotor external to the stator.
- the inductors and the inductors can be placed on the rotor and / or the stator.
- the homopolar rotating electrical machine of the invention comprising a number Npe of electrical phases, is characterized in that it consists of:
- At least one passive inductor consisting at least partially of ferromagnetic material, separated from the induced by an air gap;
- one of the inductors and the inductor being rotatable and constituting at least one rotor and the other of the inductors and the inductor being stationary and constituting at least one stator.
- the inductor comprises Np inductor bars oriented in a direction of axial course, substantially covering the axial lonquer of the machine and reported to a support connecting them.
- the inductive coil may, in certain configurations, traverse radially the gap on either side of each bar of the inductor, entering on one side and emerging on the other side so as to pass respectively above and below two adjacent bars of the inductor, in a radial direction.
- the inductive coil is located entirely between the armatures of the pair of armatures, and does not cross the gap.
- the inductor bars can be twisted, their axial ends being angularly offset. They can also be divided into several portions respectively positioned facing the armatures and the zone comprising the inductor coil or coils, the portion or portions opposite the zone comprising the inductor coil or coils being integral with the armatures.
- the portions of the inductor bars integral with the armature are angularly offset relative to said armature of a guelcongue value, with a preferred value of 90 ° / 2Np, taken between the center of an induced pole and the center of the bar inductor integral with said armature.
- each induced armature pair comprises a magnetic yoke connecting their poles, said armatures being connected by flux return pole pieces connecting the radial walls of the opposing armatures.
- the yokes can be connected by flux return pole pieces surrounding the non-radial walls of the inductors distal to the inductor.
- the cylinder heads and the pole pieces of flux return are of cylindrical shape.
- the angular sector covered by the poles is 120 ° electrigue.
- the armatures of the pairs of armatures separated by a coil each consist of several elementary inducts.
- the inductor comprises Np / 2 inductor bars oriented in a direction of axial course, substantially covering the axial length of the machine and reported to a support connecting them to the axis of rotation of the rotating electromagnetic machine.
- This variant is adapted to machines for which the inductive coil is located entirely between the armatures of the pair of armatures, and does not cross the air gap.
- the inductive coil may be replaced by a substantially annular magnet magnetized in the direction of the axis of rotation of the rotating electrical machine. In this case, said magnet may be disposed in contact with at least one ferromagnetic polar piece of flux concentration.
- the inductive coil may for example be twisted, annular or wave-shaped in a transverse plane. If the inductive coil is supplied with alternating current, in the case of a polyphase machine, the inductor coils of the different phases can be coupled in star, delta or zig-zag.
- Such rotating electrical machines with composite homopolar structure may be very flexible, and in particular comprise at least one stator or group of a plurality of stators associated with at least one rotor or group of a plurality of rotors.
- an armature may be common to several inductors or an inductor may be common to several induced.
- a coupling piece of ferromagnetic material can connect the several inductors or the several induced.
- the magnets can be inclined relative to a plane tangential to said wall facing the or stators.
- free surfaces of the poles bordering the gap can be inclined in an axial direction, in a linear or curved manner.
- the free surface of a pole bordering the gap can be asymmetrical in a direction transverse to a median axial plane of the pole containing the axis of rotation.
- the nozzle may comprise at least one recess step staircase.
- This recess is preferably located at a radial distance from the axis of rotation of the rotating electrical machine substantially equal to the radial distance from a wall of the yoke extending in an axial direction which protrude from the teeth.
- this recess may include a wall located in a median transverse plane of the pair of armatures, used for the head-to-tail interlocking of two armatures.
- the teeth flare preferably via side lugs at their connection to the cylinder head. They can also be separate from the breech, and in this case, the breech may have recesses for fixing the teeth.
- the inductor coil can be wound in a twisted manner, in sinusoid, around the feet of the teeth of the armatures of the pair of armatures surrounding the inductive coil.
- the sections of the legs of the teeth may preferably have, in at least one cylindrical surface coaxial with the axis of rotation, side walls parallel to each other, in particular as a single piece or as a staircase .
- said sections may comprise curved sidewalls.
- the teeth beaks can also be separate and reported on the legs.
- the rotating electrical machine of the invention is polyphase, it is preferably constituted by a coaxial juxtaposition of single-phase machines according to the preceding claims, regularly offset by an electric angle of 360 ° / 2Npe.
- it may alternatively consist of a coaxial juxtaposition of angularly aligned single-phase machines, an interphase phase shift being caused by the rotation at the rotor of the magnets or wound inductors or polar projections.
- intermediate coils can be arranged between single-phase machines.
- Polyphase machine comprising at least one structural phase, where the structural phases (al4) are all aliquoted anqulairement and where the inter-phase phase shift is caused by rotation at the rotor, either magnets or wound inductors, or conductors of the complementary piece (a22) or (a21), ie polar projections
- the assembly can also form a static transformer, where all parts (a4), (a22) and (a21) are static, form a static phase shifter.
- Figure 8 schematically shows a single-phase rotating electrical machine according to the invention
- FIG. 9 schematically shows a polyphase rotating electrical machine or several single-phase rotating electrical machines according to FIG. 8;
- Fig. 10 shows different types of coils used in single-phase rotating electrical machines according to the invention.
- FIGS 11 and 12 show the electric coupling modes used for the coils of several single-phase rotating electrical machines according to the invention
- Fig. 13 illustrates the magnetic coupling of single-phase or multi-phase rotating electrical machine parts according to the invention
- Fig. 14 shows an embodiment of a tooth according to the invention
- Fig. 15 provides an alternative embodiment of a tooth according to the invention.
- Fig. 16 shows another alternative embodiment of a tooth according to the invention.
- FIG. 17 shows a partial perspective view of a tooth and a portion of a breech of a stator according to the invention
- FIG. 18 represents yoke fractions of a stator with teeth of different models cooperating with an inductive coil according to the invention
- Figure 19 illustrates several types of cross sections of tooth legs or poles according to the invention.
- Figure 20 shows an embodiment of a tooth separated from the cylinder head according to the invention
- Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the cylinder heads according to the invention
- FIG. 22 shows an example of inclined implantation of magnets of a rotor constituted by permanent magnets according to the invention
- Figures 23 and 24 illustrate an embodiment of modulation of a gap width by inclination or asymmetry of the poles according to the invention
- Figure 25 shows an embodiment of a particular embodiment of a tooth or a pole, in two parts according to the invention.
- FIG. 26 shows a homopolar motor structure with inductive coil passing alternately on and under induction bars of an inductor according to the invention
- FIG. 27 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of inductor bars according to the invention
- Fig. 28 shows an alternative embodiment of inductor bars of Fig. 26;
- FIG. 29 shows an embodiment variant with several armatures placed on either side of an inductive coil according to the invention.
- Figure 30 shows several possible configurations for a homopolar motor according to the invention.
- FIG. 31 represents a homopolar motor with a double structure according to the invention
- FIG. 32 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of inductor bars for the homopolar dual structure motor of FIG. 31;
- FIG. 33 represents an embodiment with several armatures placed on either side of an inductive coil according to the invention for the homopolar motor with a double structure of FIG. 31;
- FIGS 34 to 36 show different embodiments of the homopolar motor parts according to the invention.
- Figure 37 shows different solutions of cooperation between an engine according to the present invention and an electronic control.
- (al4b) or (gl) or in smooth poles are characterized by a number of poles noted Np throughout this document, which according to the conventions of the state of the art is equal to the number of alternations of passages in the air gap (f6), the flow generated by the parts (f2) and (f3), which flow passages are considered when the parts (f2) and (f3) are fed independently of each other, each by a current continuous constant.
- angles will be noted in this document in two ways.
- the angle When the angle is mechanical, it corresponds to the absolute angle, counting on a complete mechanical revolution.
- the angle When the angle is said to be electrical, it corresponds to the mechanical angle divided by the number of pairs of poles, that is to say by Np / 2. All electric angles are counted modulo 360 ° electric.
- the notion of armature corresponds to a part whose coil is supplied with alternating current.
- inductor is linked to a set of parts whose coil is powered, either in direct current or alternating current, which will be the case for example asynchronous induction motor stators.
- the notion of inductor includes parts that receive magnets.
- a machine may comprise one or more armatures and one or more inductors.
- a machine must have at least one armature and one inductor.
- FIG. 37 presents different arrangement solutions between the electric motor produced by the invention and its electronic variator.
- the inductors are fixed (in the case of so-called synchronous machines) or rotating (in the case of DC machines), in the latter case the machine is fed through an electromechanical system of the collector type. brushes, as the state of the art describes it for brushed dc machines;
- each of the parts (f2) and (f3) is inductor or armature, rotor or stator. Associated, they form a rotating electrical machine having a number of electromagnetic poles identical in a first embodiment, and different in a second embodiment;
- stator (s) are external and the rotor (s) are internal, said structure is said to be direct, in a second case the stator (s) are internal and the rotor (s) are external, said In the third case, a part of the stators is internal and the other part of the stators is external, associated with a part of the rotors which is inside and the other part of the rotors which is external; as described in FIG. 10, the coils used in single-phase machines may be of annular shape
- the dimensions of the coils (flO) in the cylindrical cutting plane can be any as well as their shape;
- the lateral flanks corresponding to the extreme lateral edge along the axis (fO) of the electromagnetic phases forming parts (f2) and (f3), said lateral flanks (f4) and (f5) (see figure 8) of parts (f2) respectively (f3), are in a first embodiment aliqiene in a same disc plane centered on the axis (fO), or in a second embodiment said lateral flanks (f4) and (f5) are not aliqides, the inner part (f2) ) can be axially longer or shorter than the outer part (f3);
- the parts (f2) and (f3) can use the same structure, or they can be of different shapes and sizes, or use a different single-phase machine structure;
- the parts (f2) and (f3) comprise at least one coil or at least one magnet, which provide a flux at the level of the air gap separating them, which flow follows a direction that is radial, axial, or a radial and / or axial path;
- a polyphase machine is formed by substantially surrounding about the same axis (fO) at least two single-phase machines (fl), which form a machine comprising either as many electrical phases as single-phase machines (f1), or a number of electrical phases lower than number of single-phase machines (f1), preferably said number of single-phase machines (f1) is a multiple of the number of electrical phases;
- each single-phase machine (fl) may be common to all (or part) of the opposite parts, for example to Fiqure 9, the machine (wire) has all the parts (f3) joined in one piece (f3a), all combinations are possible, that is to say to bring together all or part of the parts (f2) in front of parts (f3) different or joined partially or completely, or the opposite respectively parts (f3) joined in front of parts (f2) partially or completely, the side flanks of parts (f2) and (f3), or parts qroupes (f2), or parts qroupes (f3), may not coincide in a disc plane centered on the axis (fO);
- the single-phase machines (fl) can be produced from so-called homopolar machines (a4) (see FIGS. 3 and 4), as described in the state of the art and in the inventions which follow, in FIG. a second embodiment the single-phase machines (fl) can be made from machines with salient poles (q1), in a third embodiment the single-phase machines (fl) can be made from machines with smooth poles (qla), in a fourth production single-phase machines (fl) can be made from any combination of (al4), (gl) and smooth poles;
- each of the parts (f2) and (f3) comprises either at least one electric coil or at least one magnet, or at least one short-circuited cage as known in the state of the art of asynchronous machines induction, or no coil or magnet, this case corresponding to the variable reluctance machine, note that the two parts (f2) and (f3) preferably form an electromagnetic system of the same polarity, that is to say generating an electromagnetic flux comprising at the air gap as many reentrant areas as outgoing areas, the separation surface being considered as delimiting the junction between the parts (f2) and (f3);
- the electrical coupling of the coils of the different single-phase machines (fl) can form an electric star, an electric triangle, or any combination of these two forms, as the state of the art proposes for example with the zig-zag coupling, such as as described in Figures 11 and 12;
- the number of electrical phases is at least one, and may be any value greater than unity;
- the number of pole pairs of each single-phase machine (fl) is either identical or different in order to form a multi-speed machine
- the different axially aligned single-phase machines (F1) are either contiguous or they are separated from one another with an axial separation wedge and / or intermediate coils;
- the angular offset, in a discoidal plane centered on the axis (f0), between the different axially aligned single-phase machines (f1) is free, with the condition that the sum of all the successive angular offsets between the different single-phase machines (fl) from the first machine to said first machine, ie equal to zero for a single-phase machine, or equal to an electric half-turn (180 °) for a two-phase machine, or equal to one turn complete electric (360 °) for the higher polarity or equal to three phases, preferably said anqulale decalaqe is substantially similar for all single-phase machines (fl);
- the anqulale decalaqe according to a discoidal plane centered on the axis (f0), between the different single-phase machines (fl) can be distributed over the two parts (f2) and (f3) forming them, either symmetrically or symmetrical or asymmetric requindière or troqulière, or by concentrating it on only one of the two parts (f2) or (f3), the opposite part then being formed of alienated parts;
- the coils used in the single-phase machines (fl) may be made with conductive wire selected in a non-exhaustive manner from the following list, homoqene or melanqée: copper, aluminum, a polymeric material ...; the coils used in single-phase machines (fl) may be made with insulated conductor wire by any one or any combination of the methods selected in a non-exhaustive manner from the following list: either a flexible or liquid electrical insulator, formed of a wrapper, a liquid or pasty resin, applied by immersion, brush, immersion, gun, which is dried by qouttaqe or by baking in the oven or by natural drying, which is refined by a passaqe under vacuum of air;
- the coils used in single-phase machines (fl) may be made with insulated conductor wire with an electrical insulator which may be alumina obtained by oxidation of aluminum, or a ceramic added and cold-processed or by cooking the coil final;
- the coils used in the single-phase machines (fl) may be made with conductive wire whose shape is chosen in a non-exhaustive manner from the following list: round, elliptical, square, rectangular, trapezoidal, octagonal, hexagonal, thin band;
- the coils used in single-phase machines can be made with conducting wire which receives an insulation system complementary to the insulation of each elementary conductor, which insulation system can be applied, or on the group of forming wires a complete or partial coil, either directly on the ferromagnetic parts forming the electromagnetic circuit;
- each of the ferromagnetic parts used in the inventions can be made with any of the technological solutions, chosen from the following list non-exhaustive: ferromagnetic sheet stamped or cut insulated straight or twisted and assembled maintained by punching or welding etc., solid steel, iron powder pressed cold or hot, iron powder pressed cold or hot and then hot-cooked, ferrite, sintered iron powder; when magnets are used to form the rotor of a single-phase machine (fl), (flO) or (wire), it is possible to incline said magnets with respect to a plane tangential to a cylinder centered on the axis of rotation of the machine, as shown in Figure 22, in the case of the direct version
- teeth or poles can be inclined in the axial direction, as shown for example in Figure 23, in three different embodiments (ml), (m5) and (mlO ), the inclination can follow a line, or any shape curve, the interest of this inclination is to cause a partial saturation of the zone corresponding to the smallest air gap, in order to modulate the armature reaction;
- the electric angle that defines the extreme edge of the tooth or the pole (m20) has an optimum value of 60 ° electrical, which electrical angle is counted from the center of the pole;
- Figure 25 shows a clever realization of a tooth (h20) or a pole (h30), in which the nested (or corrugated) coil (m30) is inserted on the body of the tooth (h33), which then receives its cap (m34), in this way the coil (m30) can be shaped separately, before its insertion on (h33);
- windings of the different parts (f2) and (f3) making up each single-phase machine (fl) can be made independently for each of them in a nested or corrugated manner;
- the supply of the coils of the parts (f2) or (f3) can be electronic, or it can use a mechanical commutator with brushes, such as those used in the machines with direct current.
- Figure 3 describes the state of the art of a single-phase machine (al4) with symmetrical claws. This Figure 3 explains that the air gap flow entirely in the reduced flow section at the fitting between the foot of the tooth and the stator yoke.
- Figure 14 describes an improvement (gl), known from the state of the art to the previous problem of flux concentration at the fitting of the tooth root on the stator yoke.
- Figure 14 shows an invention (g2) that allows strongly reduce the concentration of flux at the level of the fitting of the tooth base on the stator yoke.
- the foot of one of the teeth, used in a claw (al4), (g3) receives a step of staircase (g4), which makes it possible to bring back laterally the flow towards the body of the breech (gl7).
- the magnetic flux brought from the spout (g5) of the tooth towards the stator yoke (gl7) then follows a path that is not radial, but three-dimensional. It is possible to make several stair steps (g4), or to give the tooth base an axially inclined shape (depending on the direction of rotation).
- the recess (g4) is located at a radial distance (g9) from the axis of rotation, substantially equal to that (g7) of the top edge of the yoke (gl7).
- FIG. 15 shows an improved form (glO) of the shape (g2), which shape comprises two lateral lugs (gl3), formed in an axial direction (in the direction of rotation), which lateral lugs (gl3) allow a concentration of three-dimensional flow at the notch.
- the presence of a stair step (g4) on the tooth spout (g5) is optional, but it improves the torque supplied by the engine.
- a homopolar single-phase machine (also referred to as an electric machine with transverse flux), such as (al4a) or (al4b), is produced by combining two identical claws (g2) or (glO) facing each other, which claws (g2) or ( glO) enclose a coil (a5).
- Angular wedge pins (g11) and / or (gl2) may be formed in the claws (g2) or (glO), to ensure their adequate angular setting, substantially an electric half-turn (180 °).
- the pieces (g2) and (glO) can be dissymmetrical in a discoidal plane, polar cylinder, or axisymmetric.
- the parts (g2) and (glO) of FIGS. 14 and 15 may consist of several independent parts, for example for example, the assembly (gl6) combining the shapes (g4), (g5) and (gl3) can be inserted into a main piece (gl4) forming a cylinder head.
- a holding device is required to ensure the cohesion of the claw formed by the joining of the pieces (gl6) and (gl4), said holding device being able to be a screwing, riveting or keying system, or a force insertion at hot or cold, the subsequent resin of the single-phase machine thus produced, ensuring the maintenance of the whole in place, under the electromagnetic stress.
- the part (gl4) can be made of ferromagnetic sheet metal, which sheet can be stacked, in a clever realization among others, in successive disc planes and parts (gl6) in compressed iron powder.
- inventions (g2), (glO) and (g20) are adapted to an inverse machine (a20a) (see figure 4). Transposition to a direct machine (a20b) is immediate, by turning the shapes in a radial direction around the cylinder formed by the air gap.
- Figure 17 shows a partial embodiment (g30) adapted to a machine of the type (a20b) of the inventions (g2), (glO) and (g20).
- the step (g4) can be performed in a median discoid plane (relative to the cylinder containing the assembly) of the claw (glO), but it can also be performed in a plane located in another place.
- the lateral face in a discoidal plane of the step (g4) can follow a disc portion centered on the axis of rotation of the motor, but it can also follow a frustoconical portion.
- Figure 18 shows the implementation of improved teeth or poles according to the invention.
- a part (al4) homopolar machine also called electrical machine transverse flow
- al4a also called electrical machine transverse flow
- Said form (ni) comprises a part (h2), which receives an annular coil (h3).
- Fig. 19 presents the possible tooth-leg shapes (h23), describing with the cutting-off planes A-A of the tooth leg (h23), two solutions (h24) and (h25) among others.
- the toes (h23a) have a section of notches, the precise shapes of which can adopt any of the solutions in the following non-exhaustive list:
- the faces (h26) are not parallel to each other and follow a frustoconical shape, preferably oriented according to the model
- the faces (h27) are not parallel to each other and follow a frustoconical shape, preferably oriented according to the model
- the faces (h26) follow a curved shape, formed by portions of ellipses, circles, or any other function;
- the faces (h27) follow a curved shape, formed by portions of ellipses, circles, or any other function;
- the yoke (h42) is distinct from the notch foot (h41), as shown in Figure 20, to form a set (h40), where the tooth leg (h41) is placed or nested on the cylinder head
- this solution is particularly advantageous, because it makes it possible to achieve the feet of teeth in the technolgy of iron powders by radial compression;
- the toe (h41) is inserted into the breech (h42), either by force in a mark (h43), or by means of serraqe, which may be a rivet, a screw or any other means, using a hole (h44), breeched in breech (h42) or in tooth leg (h41);
- the cylinder head (h42) is made of ferromagnetic plate, which ferromechanical sheet in a clever embodiment, among others, is stacked according to the axial lonquer of the machine (h40);
- the yoke (h42) is made in one or two pieces of axial lonquer identical or not;
- the embodiment (h45) of FIG. 21 shows the same part (h48) comprising the yoke (h42) and the tooth legs (h47).
- One possible embodiment is to manufacture this part (h48) with stacked laminated sheets, in a clever realization among others, in a disc plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the engine, which sheets of packets are split into two or three qroupes, or more, each corresponding to a toothing required by the shape required by (h48), using either possibly sheet metal shapes (h50) without notch for the medium or the edges of (h48), or possibly for the medium of (h48) h48) sheet metal shapes (h51) having two tooth legs (h47) per electrical revolution (360 °), or possibly for the edges of (h48) sheet metal shapes (h52) having only one tooth leg (h47) per electrical revolution (360 °
- the hats (h46) are attached over the teeth (h47), these hats (h.46) can be held by
- the embodiment (h63) of Fig. 20 has parts (h64) which blind the sides of the claws (h20), which parts (h64) can form a single piece with (h23d);
- junction plane may be a smooth discoid ring, or the same corrugated ring substantially in the axial direction, for example by following the shape of the toothbuds (h34);
- the annular pieces forming the claws are made in more than one piece, which are then assembled by means of assembly devices.
- Said motor consists of an axial stack of at least two armatures (n3) and (n3), separated by at least one coil (n5) wound around the axis of rotation (n8).
- the coil (n5) is not necessarily annular.
- the armatures (n3) and (n3) can be made either in a claw structure (al4a) or (al4b), or in a structure with salient poles (gl), or in a smooth pole structure, having number of electrical phases.
- the structures of the pieces (n3) and (n'3) are identical, chosen from the group (al4a) or (al4b) of the figure, or (gl) of FIG. 7, or else with smooth poles . In another embodiment, they may be different from each other.
- the inductors (n3) and (n3) are located in front of an inductor composed of a group of several bars (n4) of any shape, which are arranged along a cylinder substantially concentric with the axis of rotation (n8).
- the inductives (n3) and (n3) are separated from the inductor by an air gap (n10).
- the inductor is common to all the induced (n3) and (n3), it is passive that is to say completely or partially composed of ferromagnetic material.
- the excitation of the inductor can be active in a first embodiment thanks to the fixed coil (n5) winding substantially around the axis of rotation (n8).
- the coil (n5) can be mobile in another embodiment.
- the excitation of the inductor may be passive in another embodiment, being then carried out with at least one shaped magnet for example annular wound substantially around the axis of rotation (n8), preferably fixed, but said magnet can also be mobile.
- the coils of the inductors (n3) and (n3) are traversed by alternating currents marked 13 and I'3, which comprise a temporal phase shift denoted $ 13.
- the inductives (n3) and (n3) have the same number of poles, denoted Np, identical to the number of inductor bars (n4) in a first embodiment, or different in another embodiment, in which the number of bars is divided by two.
- the coil (n5) radially crosses the angular separation surfaces (n11) between the different inductor bars (n4) a number of times equal to the number of poles Np of the armature. It thus passes Np / 2 times above the bars (n4) and Np / 2 times below the bars (n4), the top / bottom terms being counted in a radial direction.
- FIG. 26 shows the general structure of the homopolar machine (also referred to as a transverse flow electro-machine) composed (ni) according to the invention, in an embodiment corresponding to a single single-phase alternating machine or to two structural phases of a homopolar machine composed, with a direct structure of type (a20b) (see Figure 4) with salient poles (gl) (see Figure 7).
- the following demonstrations can be transposed to an inverse machine of the type (a20a) of FIG. 4, by symmetry of all the parts around a cylindrical surface centered on the axis (n8) and situated in the middle of the gap (nlO).
- the inductor is fixed and the moving armature, which mistletoe is the case of a DC machine with mechanical commutator.
- the operating principle of said machine (ni) comes from the winding of the coil (n5) around the inductor bars (n4), alternately below and below. In this way, equivalent north and south magnetic poles are created in the air gap, generating an anti-symmetrical magnet poles figure between the side faces (n6) and (n7) of the machine.
- the inductor behaves equivalently to a group of magnets placed inside the armature (n3) / (n3).
- the magnetic flux circulates substantially along an axial line inside a bar (n4), then passes through the air gap (n10), then circulates substantially along a polar line in the armature (n3), crosses again the gap (n10), returns in opposite direction along an axial line inside the bar (n4) consecutive to the first, then crosses again the air gap, for close through a polar line in the opposite armature (n3).
- a flux return part connects the inductors (n3) and (n3), it can take either a form (n2b) of connection between the faces coplanaries considered in a discordal plane of the induced (n3) and (n3), or a form (n2a) of connection between the peripheral faces considered in a discordal plane of the induced (n3) and (n3), or a combination of the two previous forms.
- the flow return piece (s) (n2a) and / or (n2b) may be asymmetrical or irregular in a first embodiment.
- the flow return piece (s) (n2a) and / or (n2b) may be cylindrical in shape.
- the flow return part (s) (n2a) and / or (n2b) may not be used, and may be eliminated from the design of the machine (ni).
- the machine (ni) produced comprises at least more than two structural phases, it is advantageous to use flow return parts (n2a) and / or (n2b).
- the armatures (n3) and (n3) are angularly offset by an angle denoted by Qs.
- Said angle Qs corresponds to the angle of symmetry between the maximum flux gap point generated by the inductors (n3) and (n3), each considered to be fed by the same direct current.
- the inductors (n3) and (n3) generate an air gap flow that is alternately entering and exiting in the gap, the angle Qs represents the angular offset between these flow figures.
- the angle Qs is substantially equal to zero or 180 ° electrical, and the phase shift $ 13 is equal to zero or 180 °.
- the angle Qs is substantially equal in electrical notation at (180 ° / Npe) and the time angle $ 13 is equal to ( 180 ° / Npe).
- the (Nn) inductor bars (n4) forming the inductor are supported by a holding piece (nl2), of annular or cylindrical shape, incorporating the means for maintaining rotation, which piece n (12) can provide the connection to the 'rotation axis.
- a holding piece (nl2) is ferromagnetic.
- the part (nl2) is not ferromagnetic, it can then be made of conductive material or insulating electricity.
- the angular lengths of the parts (n4) and projections of the parts (n3) and (n3) are substantially equal preferably 1/3 of an electric lathe, 120 ° electric.
- Figure 27 describes a clever realization (n20) of the inductor according to which the inductor bars (n4) are twisted so that each of their ends (n4a) and (n4b) is angularly offset.
- the shape of the inductor bars (n4) seen on a cylindrical plane developed at the gap does not have to be a rectangle, it can have any other shape, such as semi-annular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, rounded, circular, semicircular. Those skilled in the art will know how to determine the best form.
- Figure 28 shows a particular embodiment (n1) of the homopolar machine composed (ni), transposed to the case where the inductors (n3) and (n3) are fixed and the inductor mobile, which corresponds to the cases of a synchronous machine.
- the inductor bars (n4) which form the inductor are each divided into three parts: (n4a) and (n4b) which are mechanically secured to the part (nl2) on the one hand, and on the other hand ( n4c) which are mechanically connected to the armatures (n3) and (n3).
- the rotor is considered by way of example as mechanically secured parts (n4a), (n4b) and (nl2).
- Figure 29 shows the case where several armatures (n3) and (n3) are aligned on either side of the central coil (n5).
- ⁇ ' ⁇ corresponding to the machine (ni)
- said bars (n4) are elongated axially to cover axially substantially the length of the machine.
- the other constructive provisions established for the machine (ni) remain valid.
- each of the inductors (n3) and (n3) are angularly phase-shifted relative to each other by an electrical angle equal to 180 ° / Npe.
- the bars (n4a) and (n4b) are elongated axially to cover substantially axially the length of the machine.
- the other constructive arrangements established for the machine (n1) remain valid.
- the armatures (n3) and (n3) are angularly out of phase with an electrical angle equal to 180 ° / Npe.
- the machine of the invention consists of at least as many single-phase machines (ni), or (n'1), or (n''l), or (n '''l) only external electrical phases.
- a particular embodiment corresponds, in this polyphase arrangement, to a configuration where all these machines (ni), or (n'1), or (n''l), or (n '''l) are single-phase and are aligned with the along the axis (n8) and regularly offset by an electric angle equal to substantially one complete turn (360 °), divided by the number of phases Npe.
- the rotor coil (n5) is suppressed and the flux return piece (n2a) and / or (n2b) is replaced by at least one annular magnet, maqnized substantially in the direction of the axis ( n8). Said annular magnet then takes the place of the flow return piece (n2a) and / or (n2b).
- the annular magnet is sandwiched between one or two substantially trapezoidal or elliptical ferromagnetic parts, which make it possible to concentrate the flow coming from the annular magnet, said parts having a shape of truncated cone, with the largest side against the magnet.
- the inductor coil (n5) may be supplied with alternating current, at a frequency and an electrical phase equal to or different from the supply frequency of the induced coils used in the parts (n3) and (n3). ).
- the inductor coil (n5) can be omitted, all the proposed construction arrangements remaining valid.
- the inductor coil (n5) may be electrically connected in series with one of the DC inputs of the inverter supplying the induced coils used in the parts (n3) and (n3), which inverter can be electromechanical broom, or electronic.
- the outer shape of the pieces (n3) and / or (n3) and the flux return piece (el) do not fit in a cylinder, but in another form that may be rectlanhol Elliptical or other, the person skilled in the art will then adapt the realization of the machine to this particular constructive disposition.
- Figures 30, 34, 35 and 36 show different possible embodiments of parts (n3), (n3) provided with their induced coils (n21), (n4), (n5) and (n2b), applied to a machine of type (ni). Said variant embodiments can be extrapolated directly to other machines of (I), (n ') and (n''') inverse or direct types.
- An alternative according to the present invention relates to a homopolar motor (also called transverse flow electric motor) with so-called double compound structure (pl) as appearing in FIG. 31.
- Said motor consists of an axial stack of at least two induced (p3) and (p'3), separated by at least one coil (p5) wound around the axis of rotation (p8).
- the coil (p5) is not necessarily annular.
- the armatures (p3) and (p'3) can be made either according to a claw structure (al4a) or (al4b) of Figure 3, or according to a salient pole structure (gl) of Figure 7, or according to a smooth pole structure having any number of electrical phases.
- the structures of the parts (p3) and (p'3) are identical, chosen from groups (al4a) or (al4b) or (gl) or with smooth poles. In another embodiment, they may be different from each other.
- the inductors (p3) and (p'3) are located opposite an inductor, composed of a group of (Nn) bars (p4) of any shape, which are arranged along a cylinder substantially concentric with the axis of rotation (p8).
- the inductives (p3) and (p'3) are separated from the inductor by an air gap (plO).
- the inductor is common to all the induced (p3) and (p'3), it is passive that is to say completely or partially composed of ferromagnetic material.
- the excitation of the inductor can be active in a first embodiment thanks to the coil (p5) fixed curling substantially around the axis of rotation (p8).
- the coil (p5) may be movable in another embodiment.
- the excitation of the inductor may be passive in another embodiment, being then carried out with at least one shaped magnet for example annular wound substantially around the axis of rotation (p8), preferably fixed, but said magnet can also be movable.
- the coils of the inductances (p3) and (p'3) are traversed by alternating currents marked 13 and I'3, which comprise a temporal phase shift denoted $ 13.
- the induced (p3) and (p'3) have the same number of poles, noted Np.
- the inductor comprises a number of inductor bars (p4) equal in a first embodiment to Np / 2.
- the coil (p5) is located between the bars (p4) and the optional flux return parts (p2a) and / or (p2b).
- the coil (p5) is located on the face of the bars (p4) which sees the gap (plO).
- FIG. 31 shows the general structure of the double compound homopolar machine (pl) of the invention, in an embodiment corresponding to a single single-phase reciprocating machine or to two structural phases of double compound homopolar machine, with a direct structure of the type (a20b). ) (see figure 4) with salient poles (gl) (see figure 7).
- the following demonstrations can be transposed to an inverse machine of type (a20a), by symmetry of all the parts around a cylindrical surface centered on the axis (p8) and located in the middle of the gap (plO) .
- the inductor is fixed and the moving armature, which is the case of a DC machine with mechanical collector.
- the operating principle of said machine (pl) comes from the winding of the coil (p5) around the axis of rotation (p8). In this way, equivalent magnetic poles are created, for example, all North on the side (p3) and all South on the side (p'3).
- the inductor behaves similarly to a group of magnets placed inside the armature (p3) / (p'3).
- the magnetic flux, noted cj) s flows substantially along an axial line inside a bar (p4), then passes through the air gap (plO), then circulates substantially along a polar line in the armature (p3), crosses again the air gap (plO), returns in opposite direction along an axial line inside the bar (p4) consecutive to the first, then crosses again the gap, for closing through a polar line in the opposite armature (p '3).
- a flux return part connects the inductors (p3) and (p'3), it can take either a form (p2b) of connection between the coplanar faces considered in a discoidal plane of the inductors (p3) and (p'3) , or a form (p2a) of connection between the peripheral faces considered in a discoidal plane of the induced (p3) and (p'3), or a combination of the two preceding forms.
- the flow return piece (s) (p2a) and / or (p2b) may be asymmetrical or irregular in a first embodiment.
- the flux return piece (s) (p2a) and / or (p2b) may be cylindrical in shape.
- the flow return piece (s) (p2a) and / or (p2b) may not be used, and may be eliminated from the design of the machine (pl).
- the machine (pl) produced comprises at least more than two structural phases, it is advantageous to use flow return parts (p2a) and / or (p2b).
- the armatures (p3) and (p'3) are angularly shifted by an angle denoted Qs.
- Said angle Qs corresponds to the angle of symmetry between the maximum flux gap point generated by the inductances (p3) and (p'3), each considered to be fed by the same direct current.
- the inductives (p3) and (p'3) generate an air gap flow which is alternately entering and exiting in the gap, the angle Qs represents the angular offset between these flow figures.
- the angle Qs is substantially equal to zero or 180 ° electrigue, and the phase shift $ 13 is equal to zero or 180 °.
- the angle Qs is substantially equal in electric notation at (180 ° / Npe) and the time angle $ 13 is equal to (180 ° / Npe).
- the inductor bars (p4) forming the inductor are supported by a holding piece (pl2), of annular or cylindrical shape, incorporating the means for maintaining rotation, which piece n (12) can provide the connection to the axis of rotation.
- a holding piece (pl2) is ferromagnetic.
- the piece (pl2) is not ferromagnetic, it can then be made of conductive material or insulating electricity.
- the angular lengths of the parts (p4) and projections of the parts (p3) and (p'3) are substantially equal preferably 1/3 of an electric lathe, 120 ° electric.
- Figure 32 describes a clever realization (p20) of the inductor (p'4), wherein the inductor bars (p4) are twisted so that each of their ends (p4a) and (p4b) is angularly offset.
- the shape of the inductive bars (p4) seen on a cylindrical plane developed at the air gap need not be a rectangle, it can have any other shape, such as semi-annular, elliptical, semi-elliptical, rounded, circular, semicircular. Those skilled in the art will know how to determine the best form.
- Figure 33 shows the case where several armatures (p3) and (p'3) are aligned on either side of the central coil (p5).
- ⁇ ' ⁇ corresponding to the machine (pl)
- said bars (p4) are elongated axially to cover axially substantially the length of the machine.
- the other constructive provisions established for the machine (pl) remain valid.
- each of the armatures (p3) and (p'3) are angularly phase-shifted relative to each other by an electrical angle equal to 180 ° / Npe.
- the bars (p4a) and (p4b) are elongated axially to cover substantially axially the length of the machine.
- the other constructive provisions established for the machine (p'1) remain valid.
- the armatures (p3) and (p'3) are angularly phase shifted by an electrical angle equal to 180 ° / Npe.
- the machine of the invention consists of at least as many single-phase machines (pl), or (p'1), or ( ⁇ ' ⁇ ), or (p '' 1) than external electrical phases.
- a particular embodiment corresponds, in this polyphase arrangement, to a configuration where all these machines (pl), or (p'1), or ( ⁇ ' ⁇ ), or (p '' '1) are single-phase and are aligned along of the axis (p8) and regularly offset by an electric angle equal to substantially one complete revolution (360 °), divided by the number of phases Npe.
- the rotor coil (p5) is removed and the flux return piece (p2a) and / or (p2b) is replaced by at least one annular magnet, magnetized substantially in the direction of the axis ( p8). Said annular magnet then takes the place of the flow return piece (p2a) and / or (p2b).
- the annular magnet is sandwiched between a or two ferromagnetic parts of substantially trapezoidal or elliptical shape, which make it possible to concentrate the flow coming from the annular magnet, said parts having a truncated cone shape, with the widest side against the magnet.
- the inductor coil (p5) may be supplied with alternating current, at a frequency and an electrical phase equal to or different from the supply frequency of the induced coils used in the parts (p3) and (p'3 ).
- the inductor coil (p5) can be omitted, all the proposed construction arrangements remaining valid.
- the inductor coil (p5) can be electrically connected in series with one of the DC inputs of the inverter supplying the induced coils used in the parts (p3) and (p'3), which inverter can be electromechanical broom, or electronic.
- the outer shape of the pieces (p3) and / or (p'3) and the flux return piece (p2a) do not fit in one cylinder, but in another form which may be rectangular Elliptical or other, the person skilled in the art will then adapt the realization of the machine to this particular constructive disposition.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1457439A FR3024607A1 (fr) | 2014-07-31 | 2014-07-31 | Machine homopolaire composee |
| PCT/FR2015/052130 WO2016016591A2 (fr) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Machine électrique tournante à structure homopolaire |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3175535A2 true EP3175535A2 (fr) | 2017-06-07 |
| EP3175535B1 EP3175535B1 (fr) | 2021-04-07 |
Family
ID=51987255
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15751059.5A Active EP3175535B1 (fr) | 2014-07-31 | 2015-07-31 | Machine electrique homopolaire a flux transversal |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10224792B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3175535B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP6704394B2 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2954718A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3024607A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016016591A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3029381C (fr) * | 2016-06-30 | 2022-07-12 | Amber Kinetics, Inc. | Moteur homopolaire pour systeme de stockage d'energie a volant d'inertie |
| WO2020164112A1 (fr) * | 2019-02-15 | 2020-08-20 | 深圳市配天电机技术有限公司 | Moteur à réluctance commutée, véhicule électrique et dispositif électrique |
| EP4010970A1 (fr) * | 2019-08-06 | 2022-06-15 | Akbay, Ulusar | Procédé de fonctionnement d'une machine électrique et machine électrique |
| KR102819808B1 (ko) * | 2020-06-15 | 2025-06-16 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 윈도우 성형 장치 및 이를 이용한 윈도우 성형 방법 |
| CN112510953B (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-09-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 基于单边调磁原理的横向错位无刷双转子电机 |
| WO2026011001A1 (fr) * | 2024-07-01 | 2026-01-08 | Benedetto Anthony Iacovelli | Ajout de rotors en série |
Family Cites Families (25)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB190902959A (en) * | 1909-02-08 | 1910-05-09 | Ernest Turner | Improvements in Dynamos and Motors. |
| US2043052A (en) * | 1935-09-06 | 1936-06-02 | Gen Electric | Inductor dynamo-electric machine |
| FR1060923A (fr) | 1952-05-06 | 1954-04-07 | Séparation de matières par dépôt et flottage | |
| GB917263A (fr) * | 1958-03-03 | 1963-01-30 | ||
| US3663846A (en) * | 1971-06-07 | 1972-05-16 | Paul D Wagner | Claw-tooth rotor dynamoelectric machine |
| US5677580A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1997-10-14 | Sl Montevideo Technology, Inc. | Transversal-flux permanent magnet motor |
| IL119010A0 (en) * | 1996-08-05 | 1996-11-14 | Radovski Alexander | Brushless synchronous electric rotary machines |
| DE19956367C2 (de) * | 1999-11-24 | 2002-02-21 | Klaus Beckmann | Heteropolar erregte Reluktanzmaschine |
| JP4049963B2 (ja) * | 2000-02-07 | 2008-02-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 車両用交流発電機 |
| FR2809240A1 (fr) * | 2000-05-17 | 2001-11-23 | Minarro Bernot Ind Diffusion C | Machine electrique homopolaire et procede de fabrication d'une telle machine |
| ATE473538T1 (de) * | 2001-05-08 | 2010-07-15 | Univ Aalborg | Transversalflussmaschine mit einem stator aus e- förmigen laminaten |
| FR2828027A1 (fr) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-01-31 | Mbi Diffusion Conseil | Machine electrique a structure homopolaire |
| US6617746B1 (en) * | 2001-10-01 | 2003-09-09 | Wavecrest Laboratories, Llc | Rotary electric motor having axially aligned stator poles and/or rotor poles |
| JP3983640B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-01 | 2007-09-26 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 回転電機の回転子 |
| JP4581640B2 (ja) * | 2004-11-17 | 2010-11-17 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車両駆動システムおよびそれを備える車両 |
| AU2006264181B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2011-01-27 | Eocycle Technologies Inc. | Transverse flux electrical machine with segmented core stator |
| JP4709846B2 (ja) * | 2005-10-07 | 2011-06-29 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 回転電機および車載回転電機システム |
| US7615904B2 (en) * | 2007-01-24 | 2009-11-10 | Raven Energy Alternatives, Llc | Brushless high-frequency alternator and excitation method for three-phase AC power-frequency generation |
| US20110089774A1 (en) | 2007-01-30 | 2011-04-21 | Kramer Dennis A | Transverse flux motor with integral cooling |
| US20080179982A1 (en) * | 2007-01-30 | 2008-07-31 | Arvinmeritor Technology, Llc | Transverse flux, switched reluctance, traction motor with bobbin wound coil, with integral liquid cooling loop |
| JP2009118618A (ja) * | 2007-11-06 | 2009-05-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 車両用交流発電機及びそれを用いた自動車,車両用交流発電機の製造方法、及び車両用回転電機 |
| FR2961037B1 (fr) * | 2010-04-28 | 2018-05-25 | Sintertech | Realisation d'une phase de machine homopolaire tournante, applique a la conception de son circuit magnetique |
| FR2969409B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-21 | 2018-05-25 | Sintertech | Machine electrique tournante a structure homopolaire dite double. |
| WO2012084905A1 (fr) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Höganäs Ab (Publ) | Stator pour machine à pôles modulés |
| JP6007020B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-22 | 2016-10-12 | アスモ株式会社 | モータ |
-
2014
- 2014-07-31 FR FR1457439A patent/FR3024607A1/fr active Pending
-
2015
- 2015-07-31 WO PCT/FR2015/052130 patent/WO2016016591A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-07-31 JP JP2017526021A patent/JP6704394B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-07-31 EP EP15751059.5A patent/EP3175535B1/fr active Active
- 2015-07-31 US US15/500,012 patent/US10224792B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-07-31 CA CA2954718A patent/CA2954718A1/fr not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3024607A1 (fr) | 2016-02-05 |
| US10224792B2 (en) | 2019-03-05 |
| WO2016016591A3 (fr) | 2016-08-25 |
| JP2017526332A (ja) | 2017-09-07 |
| US20170264176A1 (en) | 2017-09-14 |
| JP6704394B2 (ja) | 2020-06-03 |
| EP3175535B1 (fr) | 2021-04-07 |
| CA2954718A1 (fr) | 2016-02-04 |
| WO2016016591A2 (fr) | 2016-02-04 |
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