EP3177104A1 - Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer - Google Patents

Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3177104A1
EP3177104A1 EP15197565.3A EP15197565A EP3177104A1 EP 3177104 A1 EP3177104 A1 EP 3177104A1 EP 15197565 A EP15197565 A EP 15197565A EP 3177104 A1 EP3177104 A1 EP 3177104A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating element
resistance
earth
ground
gnd
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15197565.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3177104B1 (de
Inventor
Margret Thumm-Jorge
Robert Poettger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Whirlpool Corp
Original Assignee
Whirlpool Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Whirlpool Corp filed Critical Whirlpool Corp
Priority to EP15197565.3A priority Critical patent/EP3177104B1/de
Publication of EP3177104A1 publication Critical patent/EP3177104A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3177104B1 publication Critical patent/EP3177104B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a diagnostic method for an electric heater which is part of a heating circuit of an appliance, preferably a domestic appliance, and an appliance configured to carry out such method.
  • the object of the present invention is a method for determining when an electric heater installed into an appliance, preferably a domestic appliance, needs to be replaced because its operational status is deteriorated compared to its nominal working conditions/behavior.
  • some appliances particularly for household installation (i.e. domestic appliances such as a washing machine, a dishwasher, a boiler, a water kettle, an oven), are equipped with at least one electric heater. It is also generally known that thanks to aging and oxidation processes, such heaters deteriorates their performances during their lifetime. Such reduced performances include the lost of electrical insulation towards their supporting structure which causes electric current leakages from the component. In order to protect users from electric shocks, national and international standards request the connection to earth/ground of the supporting structure of the electric heater. At a certain level of performance, the electric heater needs to be replaced.
  • Aim of the present invention is to further improve the methods known in the art which allows identifying a decreased performance or a fault of the electric heater and/or a missing or deteriorated electric connection of its support structure to earth/ground.
  • Fig. 1 it is described an example of heating circuit for an appliance known in the art, for instance a washing machine or a dishwasher through which the method of the present invention can be carried out.
  • the heating circuit which is connected to the line L and netrual N terminals of the power supply network PS and comprises a series connection of a heating switching contact HRL and a heating element HE.
  • the heating circuit optionally comprises a second switch HRN and/or safety switch.
  • the neutral terminal L of the power supply network can be connected to ground/earth GND after the connection of the appliance to the same network with a plug G.
  • a breaker B is also typically present in the household power plant.
  • the heating circuits comprises a measuring resistor Rm branching-off at the junction a between the heating switching contact SW and the heating resistor HE.
  • the measuring resistor Rm is connected to the inoperative side of the safety switch SiS in which the heating circuit presents a specific potential of the supply voltage at that junction in the initial state (that is, when SW is open and the safety switch SiS is in its initial position).
  • the heating element HE is a resistive heater, for instance a radiant tubular heater, even though the method of the present invention can be applied to any electric heater HE provided with an electric insulation.
  • the support of the heating element HE in said appliance is electrically connected to earth/ground GND, through an electric conductive path, together with the metallic chassis of said appliance.
  • the heating element HE can enter in contact with water or, even more, being submerged by the water as it may occur in washing machines or in electric kettles, and through the water become connected to ground.
  • the electric conductive path to earth/ground GND potential can be also temporary, due to the presence of water inside the appliance, or created through a water stream flowing into or out from said appliance. Flowing water and/or drained water can be generated through automatic actuation of a hydraulic valve and/or through the actuation of a pump.
  • connection of the heating element to the power supply network L1, N1 may be effected in known manner via a logic circuit LC which controls the switch SW, which determines the actuation of the heating element HE, in a known manner.
  • the heating circuit further comprises a measuring circuit LS (a monitoring circuit) for measuring the electric parameters of the heating element HE.
  • This measuring circuit LS can be integrated with the logic circuit LC into a single electronic control unit (an ECU)
  • the measuring circuit could present at least one voltage divider and/or a filter for properly conditioning the monitored signal(s) to be sampled.
  • One or more voltage dividers SP1, SP2, SP3 connected on one side to junctions a, b and c and to the other side to the measuring circuit LS, can be implemented through impedance partitions, for instance through resistors R3 and R4, as illustrated in the embodiment of Fig.1 .
  • a filter can be implemented introducing additional capacitors and/or inductors in the monitoring circuit (not illustrated), or in a digital manner after the sampling process.
  • Voltage dividers can be connected at one or more terminals of the heating switching contact HRL, HRN and optionally to the safety switch SiS.
  • sampled signals are acquired and processed by the measuring circuit LS. For instance they are compared with prescribed conditions stored into monitoring circuit (and/or into the control unit).
  • voltages u1, u2 and u3 at the junctions change in the heating circuit, particularly at junction of the heating element HE.
  • prescribed potential conditions can be stored in the control unit, and they correspond to potential conditions which are correlated to the correct switching states of the heating circuit (e.g. initial position and operative state).
  • the monitoring circuit LS is configured to determine (through a measurement) or to estimate any voltage linked with the heating element HE and/or any current flowing through the heating element H, including any leakage current of the same heater HE dispersed towards earth/ground GND, and/or the corresponding resistance to earth/ground GND of the same heating element HE.
  • the heating circuit can include, in addition or in an alternative to the above described heating circuits, at least one shunt resistor (not illustrated) connected in series to the heating element in order to measure the current flowing through the heating element HE.
  • a contactless Hall effect sensor (not illustrated) connected to the measuring circuit can be used to measure the electric current flowing through the heating element HE.
  • the safety of the heating circuit is obtained without temperature limiters or thermostats being used.
  • the monitoring circuit detects a deviation from the permissible potential conditions and issues a switch-off signal, which may be used to switch-off the heating circuit or the machine.
  • the same monitoring circuit can be used for measuring leakage currents and/or the resistance to ground/earth of the heating element HE through the measurements of voltages at least at one of its terminals.
  • the monitoring of these potentials will allow to determine not even when faults in the components of the heating circuit are present (as known in the art), but more specifically it will allow to establish whether the operating conditions of the heating element are sufficiently deteriorated for requiring the component to be replaced, even before to become completely inoperative (faulty). Moreover the monitoring of these potentials will further allow determining whether the electric connection to earth/ground of the heating element HE is deteriorated or even missing.
  • the measurement or the estimation of the leakage current of the heating element HE has to be understood as an equivalent measurement or estimation of said resistance to earth/ground GND of the same heating element HE, for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the heating element HE in a first step is kept substantially stable at a first predetermined temperature T1.
  • this first predetermined temperature T1 is the ambient temperature, the temperature at which the heating element rests before to be operated.
  • the step of keeping said electric heater at a first predetermined temperature T1 can also be achieved by operating the heating element in a known manner in order to bring it to a first stable controlled condition, i.e. a condition in which its average temperature is substantially stable at said first predetermined temperature T1 value.
  • a first resistance R1 to ground/earth of said heater HE is determined or estimated in a known manner through the measuring circuit LS, for instance as described in EP-A- 2353485 in regard to Rg.
  • any of the steps of determining or estimating the resistance to earth/ground R1 and/or R2 of the heating element HE which is linked to the value of its insulation resistance include the step of sampling one or more voltage/current signals from said heating element HE and the step of processing said one or more voltage/current sampled signals.
  • the heating element HE can be electrically supplied by closing one or more switch contacts (HRL, HRN, SiS) by the logic circuit LC and/or of a control circuit, before determining or estimating said resistance R1 and/or R2 to earth/ground GND.
  • the first resistance to earth/ground R1 is compared with a first predetermined resistance threshold THR1 in order to establish if that heating element HE is deteriorated and/or if it has to be replaced.
  • the resistance to ground of the heating element HE is compared with a range of expected values in order to establish the status of its insulating properties.
  • the first predetermined resistance threshold THR1 is therefore in a range of values for which the insulating resistance of the electric or electronic component (HE) can be considered out of it operational specification, said insulating resistance being preferably in the range from 1 Ohm to 10 GOhm, optimally in the range from around 30 kOhm, up to more than 10 MOhm, and more preferably around 70 kOhm.
  • the value of said first predetermined resistance threshold THR1 determines the acceptable operating conditions at said first predetermined temperature T1 below which the heater should be replaced, and depends on the technology of which the heater is made.
  • the heating element HE is in defected, for instance it is in short circuit.
  • said heating element HE is kept substantially stable to a second predetermined temperature T2, normally obtained by electrically operating the heating element, for instance by varying its duty cycle in a known manner.
  • the second predetermined temperature value T2 of said heating element HE is substantially different from said first predetermined temperature value T1 of said heating element HE in order to vary the insulating properties of the heating element HE, so that a significant variation of the resistance to earth/ground is expected for the heating element HE.
  • the difference between the second predetermined temperature T2 and the first predetermined temperature is greater than 100 °C.
  • a second resistance R2 to earth/ground GND of said heater HE is determined or estimated in a known manner through the measuring circuit LS.
  • said second resistance R2 to earth/ground is compared to a second predetermined threshold value THR2, in order to establish whether the operating conditions of the heating element HE are deteriorated and/or if the heating element HE has to be replaced.
  • the resistance to ground of the heating element HE which is linked to the changes of its insulation properties (the resistivity), varies with the temperature of the heating element HE.
  • the second resistance to earth/ground R2 measured at higher temperature is expected to be lower than the first resistance to earth/ground R1 of the same heater HE measured at lower temperature.
  • the second predetermined resistance threshold THR2 should be lower than said first predetermined resistance threshold THR1 and is optimally in the range between 100 kOhm and 1M Ohm, preferably about 300 kOhm.
  • the value of said second predetermined resistance threshold THR2 determines the acceptable operating conditions at said second predetermined temperature T2 below which the heater should be replaced, and depends on the technology of which the heater is made.
  • the second resistance R2 to ground/earth is directly compared with said first resistance R1 to ground/earth, in order to establish whether the operating conditions of the heating element HE are deteriorated and/or if the heating element HE has to be replaced.
  • a more accurate control can be made by taking into consideration the tolerances of the power supply voltage, as described in EP-A- 2353485 .
  • the appliance can be further provided with a user interface for notifying the user in case of a fault of the heating circuit, or in case of decreased performances of said heating circuit, in particular of said heating element HE.
  • an appliance preferably a domestic appliance specifically configured for carrying out the method above described.

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  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
EP15197565.3A 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer Not-in-force EP3177104B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15197565.3A EP3177104B1 (de) 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15197565.3A EP3177104B1 (de) 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3177104A1 true EP3177104A1 (de) 2017-06-07
EP3177104B1 EP3177104B1 (de) 2018-09-19

Family

ID=54834633

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15197565.3A Not-in-force EP3177104B1 (de) 2015-12-02 2015-12-02 Diagnoseverfahren für einen elektrischen heizer

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EP (1) EP3177104B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114578136A (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-06-03 辽宁省鑫源温控技术有限公司 一种电采暖负载异常的检测方法
JP2023010566A (ja) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-20 オムロン株式会社 異常判定装置、異常判定方法および異常判定システム

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924331A2 (de) 1997-12-11 1999-06-23 Whirlpool Corporation Sicherung in der Heizschaltung einer Waschmaschine ,einer Geschirrspülmaschine oder eines Trockners
WO2002096155A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Heater with overheating protection
EP1266542A1 (de) 2000-03-10 2002-12-18 Ferro Techniek B.V. Flüssigkeit enthaltendes heizelement und verfahren zum erfassen von temperaturveränderungen
EP2353485A1 (de) 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 Whirlpool Corporation Verbesserte Lastentreiberschaltung für ein elektrisches Haushaltsgerät, wie etwa eine Waschmaschine, ein Geschirrspüler oder ein Wäschetrockner
EP2386680A1 (de) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Heizschaltung mit Überwachungsanordnung für ein Haushaltsgerät
EP2386675A1 (de) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Heizschaltung mit Überwachungsanordnung für ein Haushaltsgerät
WO2014155336A2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Indesit Company S.P.A. Household appliance with a safety circuit

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0924331A2 (de) 1997-12-11 1999-06-23 Whirlpool Corporation Sicherung in der Heizschaltung einer Waschmaschine ,einer Geschirrspülmaschine oder eines Trockners
EP1266542A1 (de) 2000-03-10 2002-12-18 Ferro Techniek B.V. Flüssigkeit enthaltendes heizelement und verfahren zum erfassen von temperaturveränderungen
WO2002096155A1 (en) * 2001-05-23 2002-11-28 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Heater with overheating protection
EP2353485A1 (de) 2010-02-05 2011-08-10 Whirlpool Corporation Verbesserte Lastentreiberschaltung für ein elektrisches Haushaltsgerät, wie etwa eine Waschmaschine, ein Geschirrspüler oder ein Wäschetrockner
EP2386680A1 (de) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Heizschaltung mit Überwachungsanordnung für ein Haushaltsgerät
EP2386675A1 (de) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 Electrolux Home Products Corporation N.V. Heizschaltung mit Überwachungsanordnung für ein Haushaltsgerät
WO2014155336A2 (en) * 2013-03-28 2014-10-02 Indesit Company S.P.A. Household appliance with a safety circuit

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2023010566A (ja) * 2021-07-09 2023-01-20 オムロン株式会社 異常判定装置、異常判定方法および異常判定システム
CN114578136A (zh) * 2022-03-11 2022-06-03 辽宁省鑫源温控技术有限公司 一种电采暖负载异常的检测方法

Also Published As

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