EP3190362A1 - Optimierung der abtauung eines kühllastkraftwagen- wärmetauschers - Google Patents

Optimierung der abtauung eines kühllastkraftwagen- wärmetauschers Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP3190362A1
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: temperature; air; exchanger; phase; heat exchanger
Prior art date: 2016-01-11
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP17150233.9A

Other languages

English (en)

French (fr)

Other versions

EP3190362B1 (de

Inventor

Celso Zerbinatti

Maxime Lambert

Mohammed Youbi-Idrissi

Antony Dallais

David Bigot

Thierry Duboudin

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

Air Liquide SA

LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

Original Assignee

Air Liquide SA

LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2016-01-11

Filing date

2017-01-04

Publication date

2017-07-12

2017-01-04 Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA

2017-07-12 Publication of EP3190362A1 publication Critical patent/EP3190362A1/de

2019-04-17 Application granted granted Critical

2019-04-17 Publication of EP3190362B1 publication Critical patent/EP3190362B1/de

Status Active legal-status Critical Current

2037-01-04 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/002—Defroster control
- F25D21/006—Defroster control with electronic control circuits
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/02—Detecting the presence of frost or condensate
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/001—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for cryogenic fluid systems
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D29/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F25D29/003—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for movable devices
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
- F25B2700/21172—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the inlet
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21171—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator
- F25B2700/21173—Temperatures of an evaporator of the fluid cooled by the evaporator at the outlet
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2117—Temperatures of an evaporator
- F25B2700/21175—Temperatures of an evaporator of the refrigerant at the outlet of the evaporator
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B47/00—Arrangements for preventing or removing deposits or corrosion, not provided for in another subclass
- F25B47/02—Defrosting cycles
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
- F25D21/002—Defroster control
- F25D21/008—Defroster control by timer
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
- F25D2700/10—Sensors measuring the temperature of the evaporator
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D2700/00—Means for sensing or measuring; Sensors therefor
- F25D2700/12—Sensors measuring the inside temperature
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
- F25D3/105—Movable containers
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
- F25D3/12—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using solidified gases, e.g. carbon-dioxide snow
- F25D3/125—Movable containers

Definitions

the present invention relates to the field of processes for the transport and distribution of heat-sensitive products, such as pharmaceutical products and food products, in refrigerated trucks, and it is particularly interested in one of the techniques used in this type of truck, so-called "indirect injection” which uses one (or more) heat exchanger (s) (for example coils or finned coils), in which circulates a cryogenic fluid such as liquid nitrogen or liquid CO 2 , internal chamber (cold room) to the truck is also provided with an air circulation system (fans) putting this air in contact with the cold walls of the exchanger, thereby cooling the internal air to the cold room truck, the cryogenic fluid that feeds the exchanger (s) from a liquid cryogen tank traditionally located under the truck.
heat exchanger for example coils or finned coils
the atmospheres maintained inside the cold room can be provided for both fresh products (typically a temperature of 4 ° C) that for frozen products (typically a temperature of -20 ° C).
these exchangers or refrigerating units may consist of coil (s) exchanger (s) with surface extension type tubes / fins (continuous or independent fins), copper and / or aluminum, the battery being supplied with cryogen liquid, for example liquid nitrogen.
cryogen liquid for example liquid nitrogen.
This battery is for example placed in a box that guides the flow of air sucked by the fan mentioned above. The sucked air is thus cooled during its passage through the battery in contact with the cold fins and tubes fed with liquid nitrogen.
the humidity contained in the atmosphere inside the chamber causes, in operation, the formation of a freezing fog and the formation of frost that accumulates on the tubes and fins of the battery .
This frost layer which is deposited on the constituent elements of the battery forms a resistance (insulating layer) to the heat transfer between the hot air to be cooled and the cryogenic fluid, with a consequent decrease in the efficiency of these exchangers.
the present invention then relates more particularly to the defrosting sequence required by such exchangers, which integrates, on the one hand, its triggering with the associated parameters, and on the other hand the actual deicing phase which consists in removing or melting the frost accumulated on the exchanger.
de-icing solutions listed in the literature is de-icing by means of electrical resistances placed near the heat exchanger or, more generally, by using heat generation, for example sending "hot” air towards the heat exchanger. exchanger.
the present invention relates more particularly to the first mode of defrosting (heat input).
the duration of a defrost cycle is an important parameter vis-à-vis the overall objective of maintaining the temperature of the body to the setpoint, typically close to 4 ° C or close to -20 ° C depending on the products considered .
cryogenic exchanger is provided by electric batteries or accumulators.
One of the objectives of the present invention is therefore to propose a strategy for optimizing the "defrosting sequence", that is to say triggering it, and preferably also stopping it at the appropriate moment.
the "nip" of the heat exchanger represents the difference between the temperature of the heat exchanger. the air entering the exchanger and the temperature of the fluid refrigerant at the outlet of the exchanger (ie the temperature of the cold vapors leaving the exchanger), ie the difference T int - T fluid outlet .
the pinch is limited to a value close to 15K, mainly in order to maintain a level of high energy efficiency.
this pinch value approaches 15K, the system will act on the cryogenic flow control valve reaching the exchanger to limit it so as to maintain a nip less than or equal to 15K (control mode pinch).
the system is generally sized so that the exchanger has a pinch called “natural", that is to say with the cryogen flow control valve open at 100%, for example between 5 and 10K.
frost will accumulate on the heat exchanger with the consequence of creating a thermal resistance that will reduce its effectiveness. Consequently, the value of the nip will progressively increase until it approaches 15K, causing a control action of the exchanger in "pinch regulation" (limitation of the cryogen flow to have a nip less than or equal to 15K).
the cumulative time during which the exchanger is controlled in "pinch regulation" mode is therefore an indicator of the fouling condition of the exchanger by frost.
the time when the pinching T int - T fluid output is greater than for example 13 ° C (pinch value maximum of which one subtracts a margin) one can know the state of fouling of the exchanger and trigger its defrost after a period t, t being for example determined by a series of tests.
the frost setting of the exchanger creates a restriction of the free passage for air circulation through the battery, with additional losses that will lead to a decrease in air flow.
the air blown out of the exchanger will therefore become increasingly cold as the decrease in air flow, so the frost setting of the exchanger.
the follow-up in time of the blowing temperature ( T supply air ) is therefore a second indicator of the state of fouling of the exchanger by the frost. In practice, it is therefore conceivable to follow the temperature difference T int - T air blown .
the probe for measuring the temperature T of the blown air will advantageously be positioned on the path where the air undergoes the greatest pressure losses, in other words on the trajectory where the frost mainly forms so as to have an increased sensitivity.
a second interesting indicator for triggering the defrost is therefore the monitoring of the temperature difference T int - T blown air . Defrosting will then be advantageously triggered when this temperature difference will be greater than a given setpoint, Cons Tint - blown air , for a given time t, t and Cons Tint - blown air being parameters determined for example by means of tests.
the figure 2 annexed illustrates an example of application of this algorithm on a test with 3 door openings of the truck.
this test comprises a first cooling phase of the refrigerated box from the ambient temperature to about -20 ° C (set temperature of the frozen products) phase which takes about 1h, then a stabilization phase at -20 ° C for about 1h30.
zones D (after OP2) and E (after OP3) represent two periods during which the exchanger is controlled in "pinch regulation" mode, which means a loss of efficiency of the exchanger linked to the training. of frost.
Another aspect of the invention relates to the actual deicing phase, that is to say the phase during which we will seek to remove the accumulated ice on the battery of the exchanger for the purpose of allow the latter to find, as soon as possible, an efficiency close to its initial effectiveness.
the heat exchanger is in defrost mode, it is stopped and can no longer produce cold.
the duration of the defrosting phase should therefore be as short as possible so that the exchanger can operate again.
the defrosting strategy to optimize its duration and its effectiveness is based firstly on a positioning of the resistors adapted to the distribution of frost on the battery and secondly, on a temperature measurement with a probe placed in the battery in a place where frost will accumulate mainly.
frost on the battery is not homogeneous, it tends to deposit preferentially on the coldest parts of the battery, that is to say in this case, in the zone of arrival of the liquid nitrogen, on the first tubes / fins where the cryogen, for example liquid nitrogen, will vaporize.
Frost fog is considered to be an atmosphere of between 0 ° and -40 ° C, saturated or not saturated with moisture and loaded with microdroplets of liquid water in a state of supercooling. This state allows the droplets to freeze instantly when they hit an obstacle, allowing frost formation on the leading edges of objects subject to airflow (for example: suction grilles, fan blades, fins edges of the exchangers). This This phenomenon can foul and "choke” forced convection heat exchangers in minutes, making them inefficient.
a temperature sensor that can indicate the defrost stop (with the aid of the resistors 13) can be positioned with reference 12, ie close to the arrival of the refrigerant, here for example between the tubes of liquid nitrogen, and 5 to 20 cm inside the battery. This temperature measurement will make it possible to detect the end of the defrosting phase at the appropriate time.
the battery will progressively charge in frost until it completely covers the probe 12.
the temperature indicated by the probe will be very low, of the order of -100 ° C in the example considered, since it is taken in the frost mass, the frost mass being in contact with the tubes in which circulates liquid nitrogen to a temperature between -180 and -196 ° C.
a defrost with an optimized time will be automatically stopped when the probe temperature 12 becomes positive.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Thermal Sciences (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Defrosting Systems (AREA)

EP17150233.9A 2016-01-11 2017-01-04 Optimierung der abtauung eines kühllastkraftwagenwärmetauschers Active EP3190362B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
FR1650192A FR3046669B1 (fr)	2016-01-11	2016-01-11	Optimisation du degivrage d'un echangeur de chaleur de camions frigorifiques

Publications (2)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP3190362A1 true EP3190362A1 (de)	2017-07-12
EP3190362B1 EP3190362B1 (de)	2019-04-17

Family

ID=56322013

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP17150233.9A Active EP3190362B1 (de)	2016-01-11	2017-01-04	Optimierung der abtauung eines kühllastkraftwagenwärmetauschers

Country Status (3)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP3190362B1 (de)
ES (1)	ES2726076T3 (de)
FR (1)	FR3046669B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR3129202B1 (fr) *	2021-11-12	2023-12-01	Cryofridge Europe	Groupe cryogenique de refrigeration et procede de refrigeration associe

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20070006604A1 (en) *	2005-07-07	2007-01-11	Behr John A	Method of control for a refrigerated merchandiser
US20080184715A1 (en) *	2005-03-18	2008-08-07	Carrier Commercial Refrigeration, Inc.	Bottle Cooler Defroster And Methods
US20150204589A1 (en) *	2012-07-31	2015-07-23	Carrier Corporation	Frozen evaporator coil detection and defrost initiation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US6698212B2 (en) *	2001-07-03	2004-03-02	Thermo King Corporation	Cryogenic temperature control apparatus and method
FR2991757A1 (fr) *	2012-06-08	2013-12-13	Air Liquide	Procede de gestion du fonctionnement de camions frigorifiques utilisant une injection indirecte d'un liquide cryogenique

2016
- 2016-01-11 FR FR1650192A patent/FR3046669B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
2017
- 2017-01-04 ES ES17150233T patent/ES2726076T3/es active Active
- 2017-01-04 EP EP17150233.9A patent/EP3190362B1/de active Active

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
US20080184715A1 (en) *	2005-03-18	2008-08-07	Carrier Commercial Refrigeration, Inc.	Bottle Cooler Defroster And Methods
US20070006604A1 (en) *	2005-07-07	2007-01-11	Behr John A	Method of control for a refrigerated merchandiser
US20150204589A1 (en) *	2012-07-31	2015-07-23	Carrier Corporation	Frozen evaporator coil detection and defrost initiation

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
FR3046669B1 (fr)	2018-02-16
ES2726076T3 (es)	2019-10-01
FR3046669A1 (fr)	2017-07-14
EP3190362B1 (de)	2019-04-17

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