EP3201581A1 - Transducteur opto-mécanique pour la détection de vibrations - Google Patents
Transducteur opto-mécanique pour la détection de vibrationsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3201581A1 EP3201581A1 EP15784080.2A EP15784080A EP3201581A1 EP 3201581 A1 EP3201581 A1 EP 3201581A1 EP 15784080 A EP15784080 A EP 15784080A EP 3201581 A1 EP3201581 A1 EP 3201581A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- opto
- optical fiber
- distal end
- transducer according
- mechanical transducer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
- G01H9/006—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors the vibrations causing a variation in the relative position of the end of a fibre and another element
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H11/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by detecting changes in electric or magnetic properties
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of opto-mechanical transducers for detecting vibrations, continuous or periodic pressure variations and for capturing acoustic signals in the air or in a fluid, including in hostile environments.
- EP0082615 discloses a transducer for detecting acoustic signals or the like applied thereto.
- the transducer has two ridged pieces forming an optical network interacting with a fiber optic waveguide.
- Elastic means attached to the striated pieces provide a displacement perpendicular to the waveguide.
- an optical microphone which comprises a vibrating membrane defining a diaphragm for receiving signals acoustic.
- An optical element such as a lens is fixed to vibrate with the membrane in direct relation to the acoustic input signals.
- Fixed optical fibers are disposed in alignment with the lens to orient the initial light to the lens and to transmit light directed from the lens.
- optical sensor / microphone also known in the prior art optical sensor / microphone described in US patent US6462808. It comprises a light source coupled to a waveguide for transmitting a beam of light. One end of the waveguide has a pointed surface with an angle determined by Snell's refraction law:
- alpha 2 is the path angle of the light beam in the second media output of the peak area
- n 2 are the light indices of the light waveguide media and the second medium.
- a reflective surface is disposed at an optimum distance from the peak area determined by the angle alpha 2 .
- the waveguide has on its outer surface at least in an adjacent manner means for preventing light waves from being reflected onto the surface by a back reflection effect in the waveguide.
- a light detector arranged to receive light reflected from the reflecting surface.
- a sensor for measuring distances to a medium and / or physical properties including a housing, at least one pair of optical fibers, each having an entrance end portion and an output end portion.
- the input end portion of the first optical fiber is connectable to a light source and the output end portion of the second optical fiber is connectable to light intensity measuring means.
- a sensor head including the input end portion of the second optical fiber is disposed near the output end portion of the first optical fiber.
- the intensity of this return light obeys an intensity response curve (I) calibrated as a function of the distance (Z) to the sample as well as its optical characteristics and has a maximum (A) at a fixed distance from the 'sample.
- the analysis means are arranged to determine one of the magnitudes of the group comprising the relative or absolute position of the sample and at least one of the optical characteristics thereof.
- the method that is the subject of this patent, the purpose of which is a measurement of distance comprises the following steps: a) providing an optical fiber having a polished end along at least two planes inclined with respect to the axis of this fiber and secants forming a diopter roof or pyramid, the light from the fiber being thus divided into at least two beams convergent
- the invention relates, in its most general sense, to an opto-mechanical transducer comprising an optical fiber having a polished pointed distal end placed in front of a reflecting surface and a proximal end connected to a coupler combining an optical fiber for illumination associated with a light source and a measurement optical fiber associated with a photo-detector, characterized in that said reflecting element has a movable zone with an axial component, the axial distance between the distal end of the optical fiber and said reflecting surface at rest is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max designates the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter between 0.25 and 0.75.
- distal means the side of the fiber for the acquisition of physical phenomena, and "proximal” the side where the processing electronics, and the optical coupler. Between the two ends extends the single optical fiber, which may have a great length, typically several hundred meters or even kilometers for applications such as marine hydrophone networks.
- the distal end of the optical fiber has at least two intersecting polished facets forming diopter roof, pyramid or cone.
- said mobile zone is constituted by an elastically deformable membrane.
- said deformable membrane is attached peripherally to a rigid frame mechanically linked to the support of the distal end of the optical fiber.
- the end comprising the distal end of the optical fiber and said membrane are encapsulated in a casing having a vent in front of and behind the membrane for balancing static pressures.
- said membrane has an elastic suspension.
- said mobile zone is constituted by an elastic blade fixed at one end to a rigid frame mechanically linked to the support of the distal end of the optical fiber.
- the natural frequency of the blade is between hertz and kilohertz.
- said elastic blade is fixed at one end to a rigid frame mechanically linked to the support of the distal end of the optical fiber, the natural frequency of the blade being greater than 5 hertz.
- said mobile zone is constituted by a flexible blade fixed at one end to a rigid frame mechanically linked to the support of the distal end of the optical fiber, the natural frequency of the blade being less than 5. hertz.
- the optical fiber comprises on the distal side a multiplexer ensuring the coupling of several segments of optical fibers each having a pointed distal end positioned opposite said reflective surface.
- the optical fiber comprises on the proximal side a multiplexer providing the coupling of several couples of optical fibers each operating at a distinct wavelength band.
- the invention also relates to different applications of this inventive concept.
- an opto-mechanical microphone a pressure gauge or an opto-mechanical pressure sensor comprising an optical fiber having a polished pointed distal end placed in front of a reflecting surface and a proximal end being connected to a coupler combining an optical fiber.
- light source associated with a light source and a measurement optical fiber associated with a photo-detector characterized in that said reflecting element is formed by a deformable membrane having a movable zone with an axial component, the axial distance between the end distal from the optical fiber and said reflecting surface at rest is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max is the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter between 0.25 and 0 75.
- an opto-mechanical sonar or a hydrophone comprising an optical fiber having a polished pointed distal end placed in front of a reflecting surface and a proximal end being connected to a coupler combining a lighting optical fiber associated with a light source.
- said reflecting element is formed by a deformable membrane having a movable zone with an axial component, the axial distance between the distal end of the optical fiber and said surface reflecting at rest is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max designates the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter between 0.25 and 0.75, said sonar comprising a duct balancing the static pressure exerted on both sides of said membrane.
- an opto-mechanical vibration sensor or an opto-mechanical biological sensor comprising an optical fiber having a polished pointed distal end placed in front of a reflecting surface and a proximal end being connected to a coupler combining an optical fiber.
- lighting associated with a light source and a measurement optical fiber associated with a photo-detector characterized in that said reflecting element is formed by a deformable vibrating beam integral with a rigid support for fixing the distal end of said fiber optical, said vibrating beam having a movable zone with an axial component, the axial distance between the distal end of the optical fiber and said reflecting surface at rest is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max denotes the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter compr is between 0.25 and 0.75.
- said beam is coated with a surface activator capable of interacting specifically with a biochemical component.
- a drill head or a pitot probe comprising an opto-mechanical pressure sensor comprising an optical fiber having a polished pointed distal end placed in front of a reflecting surface and a proximal end connected to a coupler combining a fiber illumination optics associated with a light source and a measurement optical fiber associated with a photodetector, characterized in that said reflecting element is formed by a deformable membrane having a movable zone with an axial component, the axial distance between the distal end of the optical fiber and said reflecting surface at rest is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max designates the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter between 0.25 and 0.75.
- FIG. 1 represents a schematic view of a sensor according to the invention
- FIG. 2 represents a schematic view of the distal end of the fiber
- FIG. 3 represents the measurement diagram of the reflected intensity as a function of the distance between the distal end of the fiber and the reflecting surface.
- FIG. 4 represents a schematic view of a variant embodiment
- FIG. 5 represents the measurement diagram of the reflected intensities of different wavelengths as a function of the distance between the distal end of the fiber and the reflecting surface for this variant embodiment.
- FIG. 6 represents a schematic view of a second variant embodiment
- FIG. 7 represents the measurement diagram of the reflected intensity as a function of the distance between the distal end of the fiber and the reflecting surface for this second variant embodiment.
- FIG. 8 represents a schematic view of a third variant embodiment
- FIG. 9 represents a schematic view of a fourth variant embodiment
- the invention relates in the first exemplary embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3 to a transducer intended to measure the pressure variations exerted on a membrane (1).
- a transducer can be used to pick up sounds, and thus form a microphone or a sonar or a hydrophone when the medium in which it is disposed is liquid. It can also constitute a pressure sensor for measuring very low pressures, or on the contrary large pressures, for example for the analysis of explosions.
- the transducer comprises an optical fiber (2), having a distal end (3) polished along at least two planes (faces) inclined with respect to the axis of this fiber and secants forming a diopter roof or pyramid.
- the proximal end of the fiber (2) is connected to a "Y" fiber coupler (4) for mixing:
- the single optical fiber (2) is used both as a transmitter (transport of the light emitted by the light source (5)) and a receiver (collection of the light reflected on the reflective membrane (1)). This significantly reduces manufacturing costs and space requirements, while allowing measurement at a sample distance as large as required.
- the fiber (2) transmits a beam (9) in a direction corresponding to the refraction angle of the fiber, defined by the fiber core and the external environment indices.
- the membrane (1) extends in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the distal end (3) of the optical fiber.
- the intensity of light returning to the fiber varies with the distance between the distal end of the fiber and the surface of the membrane (1), with a response curve shown in Figure 3, corresponding to the intensity I of the return light as a function of the fiber-membrane distance Z.
- the end (3) of the fiber is polished along at least two inclined planes (11, 12) respectively at an angle Alpha ! and Alpha 2 (preferably equal) with respect to the normal axis at the cross-section of the fiber and secants in the shape of a roof or pyramid.
- This end has a response curve substantially bell and therefore having a maximum.
- FIG. 3 shows the reflected relative intensity as a percentage (%) of the maximum intensity reflected as a function of the membrane-fiber distance Z in micrometer ( ⁇ ).
- this angle Alpha should be selected in the range 50 degrees to 85 degrees.
- the peak of the response curve is all the more important that the light beam emitted by the fiber is narrow, which depends on the numerical aperture of this fiber.
- the rest distance between the distal end of the fiber (3) and the surface of the membrane (1) is determined so as to be positioned on the curve in FIG. 3 by two points A and B, A being positioned at the of the rising slope of the curve and B being positioned at the level of the part down the curve. These points A and B are placed where the change in the reflected light intensity is the most sensitive compared to the change in the position of the membrane.
- This position can be determined experimentally, by respective adjustments of the rest position of the membrane (1), or by calculation, or by pre-setting for a series production of a set of transducers of the same characteristics.
- the distance is determined so that the reflected light intensity I 0 is equal to PI max where I max is the maximum reflected light intensity, and P is a parameter between 0.25 and 0.75.
- the membrane (1) is suspended relative to a rigid frame (13) also ensuring the maintenance and positioning of the distal end (3) of the optical fiber.
- the suspension can be made in any known manner, for example by the periphery of an elastically deformable membrane, for example a metallized sheet.
- the fiber (2) comprises a core (14) of index surrounded by a sheath (15) of index n 2 .
- the end is cut to form two intersecting flat surfaces in the example described.
- the fiber can be of any type, for example monomode or multimode, index gradient or index jump.
- a multimode index-jump type 100/140 fiber will be chosen, comprising two inclined planes at the same angle ⁇ of approximately 75 degrees with respect to its axis. corresponds to a maximum fiber-sample distance of approximately 150 ⁇ .
- FIG. 4 represents a variant embodiment in which the light source comprises two distinct wavelengths, produced by a first source (51) in a lambda wavelength 2 and a second source (52) emitting in a wavelength lambda ⁇ these two light-transmitting sources via optical fibers coupled by a Y-coupler (53) to the main fiber (2).
- the detection comprises a first photodetector (71) for measuring the light in the lambda band ! and a second photodetector for measuring light in the lambda band 2 , receiving beams via a coupler (73).
- the main optical fiber (2) is connected to a Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) multiplexer (60) which makes it possible to pass several signals of different wavelengths on a single optical fiber, by mixing them at the input to using a multiplexer (MUX), and separating them at the output by means of a demultiplexer (DEMUX).
- WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
- the distal end of the fiber (2) is equipped with a band rejection filter blocking and reflecting one of the Lambda 2 wavelengths.
- the Lambda wavelength ! thus produces a response illustrated in Figure 5 by the curve (21), while the curve (20), substantially constant, represents the response for the Lambda wavelength 2 blocked by the filter (50).
- the curve (21) varies not only as a function of the distance between the distal end (3) and the membrane, but also as a function of the endogenous variations of the fiber (2) due, for example, to variations in temperature, curvature of the fiber, aging fiber, etc. Variations endogenous fibers (2) are also presented in curve (20).
- the measurement of the luminous intensity difference in the two wavelengths lambda ! and lambda 2 makes it possible to obtain an independent response of the external artifacts: the variations due not to the displacement of the membrane (1) but to variations of the intensity in the main fiber (2) where by the upstream components are neutralized by subtracting the signals measured by the two photodetectors (71, 72).
- An alternative is to use a single wide-spectrum light source, and two different bandwidth filters to produce two beams of lambda wavelengths ! and lambda 2 .
- FIG. 6 represents a second variant embodiment in which the acquisition head comprises two (or more) measurement probes (31, 32) positioned facing one and the same membrane (1).
- a coupler (33) at the distal end of the main fiber (2) transmits the light to two optical fiber segments (34,35) whose tip is sharpened as previously described.
- the difference in the intensity "x" between the two maximum curves depends on various parameters, such as the nature of the tip used with respect to the other tip, and the attenuation of the signal, which may differ between the two peaks. etc.
- This difference "x" can be zero or non-zero.
- Figure 8 shows an alternative embodiment where the distal end of the optical fiber (83) and the membrane (81) are encapsulated in an envelope.
- the envelope is formed by a rigid frame (82), which is mechanically bonded to the support of the distal end of the optical fiber in one side, and on which the membrane is peripherally fixed in another side.
- the casing has a vent (84) which connects the internal cavity delimited by the casing with the external medium.
- the materials, in the gas or liquid states, can circulate freely through the vent in order to reach the equilibrium between the internal pressure cavity PI and the pressure P2 of the external medium. Description of a fourth embodiment variant
- Figure 9 shows an alternative embodiment where a reflecting element, for example, a mirror (91) is present on a vibrating blade (92).
- a reflecting element for example, a mirror (91)
- One end of the vibrating blade is mechanically bonded to the support (95) of the distal end of the optical fiber (93).
- the vibration frequency of the blade varies from hertz to kilohertz depending on the shape and material that make up this blade, for example, a metal elastic blade.
- Another possibility is to attach the optical fiber support to another support whose measurement is to be measured.
- vibration for example, a motor. While the optical fiber support follows the movement of the motor, the moving area of the reflective element does not follow this movement because of the weak coupling by the end. The axial distance between the distal end of the optical fiber and said reflective surface changes as a function of the movement of the motor. By analyzing the reflected light intensity, the vibratory motion of the motor can be well illustrated.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1459383A FR3026838B1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 | 2014-10-01 | Transducteur opto-mecanique pour la detection de vibrations |
| PCT/FR2015/052626 WO2016051096A1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Transducteur opto-mécanique pour la détection de vibrations |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3201581A1 true EP3201581A1 (fr) | 2017-08-09 |
| EP3201581B1 EP3201581B1 (fr) | 2021-09-22 |
Family
ID=54337788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15784080.2A Active EP3201581B1 (fr) | 2014-10-01 | 2015-10-01 | Transducteur opto-mécanique pour la détection de vibrations |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20170307437A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3201581B1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2963366A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3026838B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016051096A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6532061B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-06-19 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 光計測装置、光計測方法及び回転機械 |
| WO2020232259A1 (fr) * | 2019-05-15 | 2020-11-19 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Capteur de vibration |
| CN110207806B (zh) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-10-26 | 国网上海市电力公司 | 一种斜角端面光纤振动传感器及其测量振动的方法 |
| FR3099572B1 (fr) | 2019-07-29 | 2021-08-27 | Safran | Dispositif de mesure comprenant une fibre optique de connexion et un équipement de mesure pour l’instrumentation d’un appareillage aéronautique, et un appareillage aéronautique comprenant un tel dispositif de mesure |
| EP3865453A1 (fr) | 2020-02-13 | 2021-08-18 | Miraex SA | Capteur de système micro-opto-mécanique, agencement et procédé de fabrication |
| CN113143212B (zh) * | 2021-04-13 | 2024-03-22 | 武汉理工大学 | 光强式高敏压力传感器、睡眠状态监测系统及方法 |
Family Cites Families (22)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4158310A (en) * | 1978-01-30 | 1979-06-19 | University Of Southern California | Optical pressure transducer of randomly distributed fiber optics |
| EP0027540A3 (fr) | 1979-09-11 | 1981-10-07 | Hydroacoustics Inc. | Sonde optique et arrangement d'un réseau de transducteurs |
| EP0082615A1 (fr) | 1981-12-21 | 1983-06-29 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Transducteur opto-mécanique à ondulations de sensibilité réglable |
| US4678902A (en) * | 1985-04-30 | 1987-07-07 | Metatech Corporation | Fiber optic transducers with improved sensitivity |
| US4703175A (en) * | 1985-08-19 | 1987-10-27 | Tacan Corporation | Fiber-optic sensor with two different wavelengths of light traveling together through the sensor head |
| US4926696A (en) * | 1986-11-19 | 1990-05-22 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Optical micropressure transducer |
| DE02012428T1 (de) * | 1988-07-13 | 2005-12-15 | Optiscan Pty. Ltd., Toorak | Konfokales Rastermikroskop |
| US5262884A (en) | 1991-10-09 | 1993-11-16 | Micro-Optics Technologies, Inc. | Optical microphone with vibrating optical element |
| US5247490A (en) * | 1992-06-04 | 1993-09-21 | Martin Marietta Corporation | Pressure-compensated optical acoustic sensor |
| FR2739445B1 (fr) * | 1995-10-03 | 1997-12-19 | Alliance Tech Ind | Procede de mesure physique par reflectometrie, et dispositif formant capteur optique associe |
| US5763769A (en) * | 1995-10-16 | 1998-06-09 | Kluzner; Michael | Fiber optic misfire, knock and LPP detector for internal combustion engines |
| IL126172A (en) * | 1998-09-10 | 2002-05-23 | Phone Or Ltd | Sensor and method for measuring distances to, and/or physical properties of, a medium |
| IL135281A (en) * | 2000-03-27 | 2004-05-12 | Phone Or Ltd | Small optical microphone/sensor |
| US6688182B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2004-02-10 | Kulite Semiconductor Products, Inc. | Static pitot transducer |
| US7322246B2 (en) * | 2002-03-13 | 2008-01-29 | Ip Development, Llc | Pressure sensor with pressure translation |
| DE10225934B4 (de) * | 2002-06-11 | 2010-08-19 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Faseroptischer Drucksensor |
| US7421905B2 (en) * | 2003-09-04 | 2008-09-09 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Optical sensor with co-located pressure and temperature sensors |
| US7518731B2 (en) * | 2005-02-01 | 2009-04-14 | Chian Chiu Li | Interferometric MOEMS sensor |
| EP2095084A2 (fr) * | 2006-11-27 | 2009-09-02 | Kistler Holding AG | Capteur de pression optique avec au moins deux fibres optiques |
| US7697798B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2010-04-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Fiber optic pressure sensors and catheters |
| CA3090851C (fr) * | 2010-03-15 | 2023-03-07 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Capteur acoustique compatible avec une fibre optique |
| JP5415376B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-06 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社フジクラ | センサヘッド、および光学式センサ |
-
2014
- 2014-10-01 FR FR1459383A patent/FR3026838B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-10-01 US US15/516,356 patent/US20170307437A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2015
- 2015-10-01 EP EP15784080.2A patent/EP3201581B1/fr active Active
- 2015-10-01 CA CA2963366A patent/CA2963366A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2015-10-01 WO PCT/FR2015/052626 patent/WO2016051096A1/fr not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016051096A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 |
| US20170307437A1 (en) | 2017-10-26 |
| FR3026838A1 (fr) | 2016-04-08 |
| EP3201581B1 (fr) | 2021-09-22 |
| CA2963366A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 |
| FR3026838B1 (fr) | 2016-11-25 |
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