EP3207326A1 - Échangeur thermique - Google Patents
Échangeur thermiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3207326A1 EP3207326A1 EP15787303.5A EP15787303A EP3207326A1 EP 3207326 A1 EP3207326 A1 EP 3207326A1 EP 15787303 A EP15787303 A EP 15787303A EP 3207326 A1 EP3207326 A1 EP 3207326A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exchanger
- dimensional
- fluid
- channels
- exchanger according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
- F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
- F28D1/03—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
- F28D1/0308—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits the conduits being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/08—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by varying the cross-section of the flow channels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
- F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
- F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
- F28F3/048—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the technical field of heat exchangers.
- the invention aims to overcome these disadvantages by providing a heat exchanger whose structure can generate significant heat transfer by creating turbulence, while being a simple and economical.
- This exchanger can have many applications, such as the cooling of electronic components or power electronics, including embedded components that can be used in the aeronautics or aerospace field.
- This exchanger can also perform the function of a regenerative exchanger, for example for a Stihing type motor or for a magnetocaloric machine, such as a heat pump.
- the fluid will be a gas and in the second case, a liquid.
- this exchanger can also be used in the fields of refrigeration or domestic air conditioning.
- the invention relates to a heat exchanger in which circulates a heat transfer fluid, this exchanger comprising at least a three-dimensional structure defining exchange surfaces with said fluid and triangular channels for the passage of said fluid in which at least one of said channels, extending in a first direction, has a non-constant section in this direction and according to the thickness of the exchanger, to create turbulence in the flow of said fluid.
- said at least one three-dimensional structure comprises at least two three-dimensional elements, each of them defining adjacent projecting portions extending in a second determined direction and in a period P, each projecting part being defined by two plane portions. forming an angle ⁇ non-zero and connected by an edge, said at least two elements being located in the same plane and offset relative to each other in said second direction.
- the offset between said at least two elements is less than P / 2.
- this offset is less than P / 4.
- the exchanger comprises a three-dimensional structure and a flat surface, in contact with the edges of the projecting portions of said structure.
- the exchanger comprises two three-dimensional structures assembled so that the projecting portions of one structure are nested in the projecting portions of the other structure, to make contact between the edges of a structure and planar parts of the other structure and vice versa.
- the two three-dimensional structures may be identical and they are then arranged head to tail.
- the projecting parts have a section advantageously having the shape of a right triangle.
- the exchanger according to the invention also comprises means for supplying fluid to said at least one three-dimensional structure and means for collecting said fluid after passing through said at least one structure.
- FIG. 1 is a view from above of the heat exchanger according to the invention schematically illustrating the principle of the flow of the thermal transfer fluid in the exchanger
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of the exchanger according to the invention.
- FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 which illustrates an alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is also a view similar to FIG. 2, illustrating another alternative embodiment of the heat exchanger according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 comprises FIGS. 5a and 5b which illustrate two exemplary shapes of the projecting portions of the exchanger according to the invention
- FIG. 6 is a three-dimensional view illustrating the heat exchanger according to FIG.
- FIG. 7 comprises FIGS. 7a and 7b which schematically illustrate two variants of fluid inlet / outlet means associated with the exchanger.
- the elements common to the different figures will be designated by the same references. Moreover, it is specified on each figure a direct orthogonal reference (O; X, Y, Z), of origin O.
- the arrow F designates the overall direction of the fluid flow inside the exchanger, the fluid being supplied to the inlet face of the exchanger.
- the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger 1 is carried out by means of channels extending substantially perpendicular to the arrow F, that is to say substantially perpendicular to the direction of the overall circulation of the fluid in the exchanger.
- the circulation of the fluid in the channels is shown schematically by the arrows f 1 , f 2 and f 2 'in each half of the exchanger.
- arrows f 2 and f 2 ' are oriented in the opposite direction to that of the arrows f 1'. These arrows show schematically the direction of the local flow of the fluid, which is substantially perpendicular to the overall flow of the fluid represented by the arrow F.
- FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a heat exchanger according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is a cross section along the line 11-11.
- This exchanger is formed of two three-dimensional structures 2 and 3 which are arranged between two flat walls (not shown in Figure 2).
- each of these planar walls is in contact with the base 20, 30 of a three-dimensional structure 2, 3.
- the two three-dimensional structures 2, 3 are identical.
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and the two structures could be of different shape.
- the structure 2 itself comprises two three-dimensional elements 21 and 22. These two three-dimensional elements 21, 22 are therefore located in the same plane. Indeed, they each have a wall forming the base 20 of the three-dimensional structure 2.
- the invention is however not timed to this embodiment and a structure could comprise more than two three-dimensional elements.
- the thickness of the exchanger is here equal to 2E.
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and the two three-dimensional elements could be of different shape.
- the element 21 has protruding portions 211 which extend from the base 20 of the structure 2 and in the direction D.
- a projecting portion 211 is defined by two plane portions 211a and 211b connected by an edge 211d and forming a non-zero angle ⁇ between them.
- the angle ⁇ is defined between the planar portions 211b and 211c and the angle a between the plane portions 21a and 211c.
- these projecting portions extend in a determined direction D and are adjacent to each other so that a planar portion 211d of a protruding portion is extended by a portion 211 has adjacent projecting portion.
- the three-dimensional element 21 forms a serrated structure, the protruding parts being distributed according to a period P corresponding to their width, that is to say to the length of the portion 21c.
- the protruding portions 211 present, in a transverse plane, the shape of a triangle rectangle, the angle ⁇ between the two planar surfaces 211b and 211c being equal to 90 °.
- the three-dimensional element 22 is offset with respect to the element
- each projecting portion 221 of the element 22 extend in the same direction D.
- the projecting portions 211 and 221 of the elements 21 and 22 do not coincide or overlap. not.
- each projecting portion 221 of the element 22 is shifted by a distance p with respect to a projecting portion 211 of the element 21. This distance p is called "no serration" and corresponds to the decay of a three-dimensional element with respect to the other.
- the three-dimensional structure 3 is identical to structure 2. It will therefore not be described in detail.
- Another offset could be considered but an identical offset at the level of the structures is preferred.
- Each of these elements 31 and 32 is formed of projecting portions 311 and 321 adjacent and distributed according to the period P. They also have the shape of a right triangle.
- the two structures 2 and 3 are arranged one on the other, their projecting parts being opposite.
- these two structures 2 and 3 are arranged head to tail, so that the contact between the two structures 2 and 3 is formed between the edges of a structure and the planar portions of the other structure and vice versa.
- FIG. 2 shows that the edges 211d and 221d of the protruding parts 211 and 221 of the structure 2 are in contact with the parts 31 31 and 321 of the structure 3.
- the edges 31 1 ci and 321d of the projecting portions 31 1 and 321 of the structure 3 are in contact with the planar portions 211a and 321 of the structure 3 are in contact with the plane portions 211a and 221 has projecting portions 21 1 and 221 of the elements 21 and 22 of the structure 2.
- the assembly between the structures 2 and 3 can be achieved by welding, brazing or bonding, depending on the constituent material of these structures.
- Figures 2 and 6 show that this nesting between the two structures 2 and 3 allows to define triangular shaped channels and having different passage sections.
- All these channels allow the passage of the transfer fluid and they extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction D in which extend the projecting portions of the structures.
- Figure 2 shows channels C of triangular shape having a passage section S which extend in the exchanger thickness by two channels c of passage section s, the surface s being less than the surface S.
- two channels c are therefore located in the background of a channel C, depending on the thickness of the exchanger.
- One of these two channels c forms a fluid inlet for the channel C and the other of these two channels c forms a fluid outlet for the channel C.
- channels C of passage section S are formed between elements 31 and 21, while channels c of passage section s are formed between elements 22, 32, 21 and 31.
- each channel C is in relation with four channels c defined in the exchanger, these channels for the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger.
- channels c defined in the exchanger, these channels for the circulation of the fluid inside the exchanger.
- ⁇ of these two channels c forms a fluid inlet for the channel C and the other of these two channels c forms a fluid outlet for the channel C.
- the channel for the passage of the fluid does not have a constant section since it consists of a channel C and two channels c in its extension.
- the heat exchanger described with reference to Figures 2 and 3 thus comprises projecting portions having the shape of a right triangle. This makes it possible to define channels C having all the same passage section S and output channels c all having the same passage section s.
- the projecting parts of the three-dimensional elements of the exchanger may have a different section, as illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- This exchanger is always composed of two three-dimensional structures 4 and 5, here identical.
- Each of these structures is composed of two three-dimensional elements 41, 42; 51, 52 which are also identical and offset from one another by a serration step p.
- the sail portion 411 is defined by two planar portions 411a and 411b connected by a ridge 411d, these two parts pianes forming an undue angle y.
- the two planar portions 411a and 41b are connected by a flat portion 411c which substantially coincides with the base 40 of the element 4.
- the angle ⁇ between the piano parts 411b and 411c here is less than 90 °.
- the two structures 4 and 5 are arranged one on the other, their projecting parts being opposite.
- the assembly between the two structures 4 and 5 can also be achieved by welding, brazing or gluing, depending on the material constituting these structures.
- FIG. 3 shows that this nesting between the structures 4 and 5 makes it possible to define triangular-shaped channels.
- These channels extend in a direction substantially perpendicular to the direction D in which the projecting portions of the structures extend.
- FIG. 3 shows channels C defined between elements 41 and 51 of structures 4 and 5.
- Channels C have a passage section S whose contour defines a triangle. Unlike the channels defined in the exchanger illustrated in Figure 2, this contour is not an isosceles triangle.
- channels c having sections of passage si, s 2 different.
- Figure 3 shows passage sections if and s 2 of different shape and surface.
- each channel C is in relation with four channels c, inside the exchanger.
- the channel for the passage of the fluid does not have a constant section.
- the exchanger illustrated in FIG. 3 thus allows an additional degree of freedom over the value of the passage section of the channels c defined between the elements 42 and 52 of each structure.
- planar portions 41 1a, 41b and 41c of a projecting portion 411 should not define an isosceles triangle.
- the angle defined between the plane portions 41 1 a and 41 1 c of the projecting portion 41 1 should be strictly less than the angle ⁇ between the planar portions 41 1 b and 41 1. vs.
- the angle ⁇ between the plane portions 211c and 211b or 411c and 41b is less than or equal to 90 °.
- FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of an exchanger according to the invention in which this angle ⁇ is greater than 90 °.
- the exchanger illustrated in FIG. 4 comprises two three-dimensional structures 6 and 7 each composed of two three-dimensional elements 61, 62 and 71, 72.
- the contact between the structures 6 and 7 is made between the edges of a structure and planar parts of the other structure.
- This exchanger may be of interest for defining channels whose angles are more marked, that is to say angles between 0 and 90 °. This makes it possible to increase the capillary forces.
- the projecting parts extend according to a determined period P, this period corresponding to the length of a protruding part.
- this period P corresponds to the length of the plane portion 211c (FIG. 5a) or the flat portion 41c (FIG. 5b).
- the serration step p is not zero.
- the serration step p is less than or equal to P / 2.
- the serration pitch is less than P / 4.
- the angle is equal to 90 ° and the projecting portions have a section forming a right triangle.
- the passage sections of the channels c will all have an identical surface.
- the various examples of exchanger according to the invention can be made of a metallic material, such as steel, stainless steel, aluminum or copper.
- They can also be made of a polymer material or an active material such as a magnetocaloric.
- Gadolinium-type materials or a material belonging to the family of LaFeSi-type alloys may be mentioned.
- the three-dimensional elements can be made by different techniques.
- They can be obtained by direct machining of a material, in particular milling.
- They can also be obtained by electro-erosion, by molding (using sand, a lost wax or a shell) or by plastic injection molding.
- the heat exchanger according to the invention has many advantages.
- the flow of fluid within a channel in the exchanger undergoes many changes of direction. Indeed, the section of the channel is not constant throughout the thickness of the exchanger. This results from the fact that the channels created between two elements of two three-dimensional structures have a section different from the other channels created between the two other elements of the two three-dimensional structures.
- the fluid can be homogeneously distributed because of the interconnection of the channels between them. This optimizes the heat transfer inside the exchanger.
- These channels also include baffles, which generates turbulence and promotes heat exchange.
- the exchanger comprises two three-dimensional structures arranged facing one another so as to create channels for the passage of the transfer fluid. .
- an exchanger according to the invention could comprise only one three-dimensional structure, this three-dimensional structure being disposed between two flat walls.
- the channels for the passage of the fluid would be created between the projecting portions of the three-dimensional structure and the wall of the exchanger with which protruding portions of the projections would be in contact.
- this particular shape of the passage section of the channels allows, by capillarity, to maintain the liquid film in the corners of the passage section and the vapor phase or the gas in the center of the channel.
- Maintaining the liquid film wall prevents premature drying of the evaporator.
- the overall flow of the transfer fluid within the exchanger is insensitive to interference or gravitational effects.
- the exchanger according to the invention can function effectively independently of its orientation and independently of the movements to which it may be subject, these movements may result from an acceleration or a change of direction.
- the capillary force remains greater than the acceleration force to which the exchanger is subjected.
- the shape of the channels defined in the exchanger can be adapted by modifying the geometry of the protruding parts and the value of the serration pitch p.
- the openings c between the channels C are more or less important.
- FIG. 7 illustrates two variants of fluid inlet / outlet means associated with the exchanger.
- Figure 7 schematically illustrates a heat exchanger 1 according to the invention which has a substantially planar shape.
- the reference 10 designates a transfer fluid supply box and the reference 1 1 a transfer fluid collection box, after passing through the exchanger.
- the fluid supplied by box 0 is distributed over the entire inlet face of the exchanger.
- the fluid passes through the exchanger through the channels to exit into the box 1 1 by the exit face of the exchanger and be evacuated.
- this box extends according to the total width of the exchanger.
- FIG. 7b illustrates an alternative embodiment, in which the boxes 10 and 1 1 open on opposite faces of the exchanger.
- the flow in the exchanger 1 may be more or less homogeneous over its entire surface.
- an exchanger according to the invention may have an area of a few cm 2 and 1 m 2 . Its thickness can be between 1 mm and 1 m.
- the three-dimensional structures of the exchanger have a thickness of the order of millimeters or even less than one millimeter.
- the hydraulic diameter of the channel C is about 0.35 mm.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1459901A FR3027382B1 (fr) | 2014-10-15 | 2014-10-15 | Echangeur thermique |
| PCT/IB2015/057935 WO2016059597A1 (fr) | 2014-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | Échangeur thermique |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3207326A1 true EP3207326A1 (fr) | 2017-08-23 |
| EP3207326B1 EP3207326B1 (fr) | 2018-11-07 |
Family
ID=52345302
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP15787303.5A Active EP3207326B1 (fr) | 2014-10-15 | 2015-10-15 | Échangeur thermique |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3207326B1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3027382B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016059597A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2687876A (en) * | 1951-10-17 | 1954-08-31 | Separator Ab | Plate type heat exchanger |
| FR2648220B1 (fr) * | 1989-06-12 | 1991-12-20 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Echangeur de chaleur forme de plaques ondulees et superposees |
| US5826646A (en) * | 1995-10-26 | 1998-10-27 | Heatcraft Inc. | Flat-tubed heat exchanger |
| US7686070B2 (en) | 2005-04-29 | 2010-03-30 | Dana Canada Corporation | Heat exchangers with turbulizers having convolutions of varied height |
| SE0600003L (sv) * | 2006-01-02 | 2007-07-03 | Sven Melker Nilsson | Kanalsystem |
| CN202734640U (zh) | 2012-09-11 | 2013-02-13 | 天津大学 | 一种微通道换热器及其泡沫金属翅片 |
-
2014
- 2014-10-15 FR FR1459901A patent/FR3027382B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2015
- 2015-10-15 WO PCT/IB2015/057935 patent/WO2016059597A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2015-10-15 EP EP15787303.5A patent/EP3207326B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2016059597A1 (fr) | 2016-04-21 |
| FR3027382B1 (fr) | 2019-08-02 |
| EP3207326B1 (fr) | 2018-11-07 |
| FR3027382A1 (fr) | 2016-04-22 |
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