EP3212846B1 - Schnell fibrillierende lyocellfasern und deren verwendung - Google Patents

Schnell fibrillierende lyocellfasern und deren verwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3212846B1
EP3212846B1 EP15744462.1A EP15744462A EP3212846B1 EP 3212846 B1 EP3212846 B1 EP 3212846B1 EP 15744462 A EP15744462 A EP 15744462A EP 3212846 B1 EP3212846 B1 EP 3212846B1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
lyocell
lyocell fibers
fibrillation
fibrillated
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3212846A1 (de
Inventor
Johann Männer
Rudolf Aigner
Jim GANNON
Matt Riley
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Lenzing AG
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Lenzing AG
Chemiefaser Lenzing AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/02—Synthetic cellulose fibres
    • D21H13/08—Synthetic cellulose fibres from regenerated cellulose
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/492—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres by fluid jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B1/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools
    • B08B1/10—Cleaning by methods involving the use of tools characterised by the type of cleaning tool
    • B08B1/14—Wipes; Absorbent members, e.g. swabs or sponges
    • B08B1/143—Wipes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/42—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments
    • D01D5/423—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like by cutting films into narrow ribbons or filaments or by fibrillation of films or filaments by fibrillation of films or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D04H1/4258—Regenerated cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835—Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382—Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43838—Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/07—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof
    • D06M11/11—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with halogens; with halogen acids or salts thereof; with oxides or oxyacids of halogens or salts thereof with halogen acids or salts thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/51—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof
    • D06M11/55—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, polonium or compounds thereof with sulfur trioxide; with sulfuric acid or thiosulfuric acid or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/58—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides
    • D06M11/64—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with nitrogen or compounds thereof, e.g. with nitrides with nitrogen oxides; with oxyacids of nitrogen or their salts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2101/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, to be treated
    • D06M2101/02—Natural fibres, other than mineral fibres
    • D06M2101/04—Vegetal fibres
    • D06M2101/06—Vegetal fibres cellulosic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M2200/00—Functionality of the treatment composition and/or properties imparted to the textile material
    • D06M2200/35—Abrasion, pilling or fibrillation resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to fibrillated lyocell fibers having a fibrillation quotient Q of 20 or greater and having a content of microfibers with a fineness of less than 14 mesh and a diameter of less than 2 microns at least 50%, and their use for producing a wipe, the pulp and 5 to 20% by weight of fibrillated lyocell fibers.
  • the US 6042769 discloses a method of increasing the fibrillation tendency of lyocell fibers by a treatment which reduces the degree of polymerization of the cellulose by at least 200 units.
  • the fiber thus obtained should be used mainly in nonwovens and paper.
  • the treatment is preferably carried out with a bleaching agent, in particular with sodium hypochlorite.
  • the treatment with an acid, preferably a mineral acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid is possible.
  • this process has not been implemented commercially until today.
  • regenerated cellulose fibers such as viscose and lyocell in nonwovens
  • refiners which are known from papermaking
  • lyocell fibers are fibrillated and used as cellulose microfibers in admixture with paper pulp in so-called wet-laying processes (also referred to in the art as "wet-laid processes")
  • wet-laid processes also referred to in the art as "wet-laid processes”.
  • wipes or wipes and paper structures for, for example, tissues US 8187422 in that the incorporation of fibrillated lyocell microfibers into paper pulp enables the properties of disposable cellulosic wipes to be optimized accordingly.
  • the cleaning behavior should be correspondingly improved by this admixture.
  • the optimized property profile should be improved by an increased opacity (light scattering) and porosity, distinguished by the improvement of the soft grip. The higher porosity is said to result in a higher absorbency of water and oil, resulting in improved cleaning performance.
  • the US 8187422 does not describe exactly how the lyocell microfibers used are made. It merely indicates that conventional lyocell staple fibers, as used, for example, for the production of textiles, can be fibrillated in a disk refiner or similar aggregate in an aqueous medium at low solids content.
  • the according to the US 8187422 used lyocell microfibers were purchased in an already fibrillated state from a supplier. They have a fibrillation degree of CSF ⁇ 175ml and a diameter of ⁇ 2 ⁇ m. 40% of the fibers should have a fineness of finer than 14mesh.
  • the in the US 8187422 Disposable wipes disclosed contain between 25 and 75% of the Lyocell microfibers so prepared.
  • the object of this prior art was to provide fibers for use in wipes, which can be fibrillated for a cost-effective and on the other hand in a lower proportion in wipes nor the same mechanical properties of the wipes, such as high strength allow.
  • fibrillated lyocell fibers which are characterized in that they have a Fibrillation quotient Q of 20 or greater and their content of microfibers with a fineness of less than 14 mesh and a diameter of less than 2 microns is at least 50%.
  • Fibrillated lyocell fibers in the context of the present invention does not mean a total amount of completely identical fibers, but a mixture of fibers of basically the same nature, wherein in the mixture fibers of different fineness (measured in mesh ) and different diameters.
  • t CSF200 is the time (in minutes) required in the CSF check to achieve a CSF value of 200.
  • Q the time (in minutes) required in the CSF check to achieve a CSF value of 200.
  • the larger Q is, the less time is needed at constant fibrillation conditions to achieve the same degree of fibrillation.
  • a Q value of up to 400 can be achieved.
  • Another object of the present invention is a wipe containing pulp and 5 to 20% by weight of fibrillated lyocell fibers and wherein the fibrillated lyocell fibers have a fibrillation quotient Q of 20 or greater.
  • the pulp is a paper pulp.
  • the fast-fibrillating lyocell fibers could be prepared by acid treatment of conventional lyocell fibers.
  • This acid treatment can be carried out according to the invention by using a fiber cable extruded from spinnerets in a known manner with a single fiber titer of for example between 1.0 and 6.0 dtex with dilute mineral acid, for example hydrochloric, sulfuric or nitric acid, with a concentration for example, between 0.5 and 5% at room temperature in a container at a liquor ratio of for example, impregnated 1:10 and then pressed to a certain residual moisture of, for example, 200%.
  • the impregnated fiber cable is then exposed to water vapor at overpressure in a suitable device, then washed free of acid and dried.
  • the fiber cable is cut to a staple length of 5 mm and subjected to the CSF test (Canadian Standard Freeness according to TAPPI Standard T227 om-94).
  • the fiber cable is cut to produce the wipes according to the invention in staple fibers suitable cut length, for example 4 to 6 mm.
  • the fibrillation can then take place in a comminution unit customary in the paper industry, for example a grinding unit, a refiner, a disintegrator or a hydrapulper. It is carried out there until the desired degree of fibrillation is reached.
  • the effect of acid treatment and consequent reduction of CSF can be influenced by varying the treatment parameters. For longer treatment duration in the overpressure steam, the same effect can be achieved with lower acid concentrations and vice versa. Similarly, with lower or higher steaming temperatures, the CSF value can be affected.
  • the fast-fibrillating lyocell fibers according to the invention can be used according to the invention for the production of a wide variety of products, such as wipes, in particular disposable wipes, papers, in particular filter papers and papers for technical applications, such as batteries.
  • wipes in particular disposable wipes
  • filters papers and papers for technical applications, such as batteries.
  • wipes according to the invention can be prepared by basically known processes from the fibers and pulp according to the invention.
  • the solidification takes place by water needling.
  • the present invention also relates to the use of the inventive fibers described above for producing a wipe, wherein the wipe comprises pulp and 5 to 20 wt .-% fibrillated lyocell fibers.
  • the pulp is preferably a paper pulp.
  • Fast fibrillating lyocell fibers are produced as follows: A lyocell fiber strand having a single fiber titer of 1.7 dtex is impregnated with dilute sulfuric acid at room temperature and a liquor ratio of 1:10 and pressed to about 200% humidity. The impregnated fiber strand is subjected to steam in a laboratory damper for about 10 minutes under pressure, then washed free of acid with water and dried. The dry fiber strand is cut to 5mm staple length and subjected to the CSF test.
  • Fig. 1 shows the decrease of the CSF value with increasing comminution time in the measuring device. It can be clearly seen that the acid-treated fibers fibrillate much faster than the untreated. For the commercial production of fibrillated lyocell fibers, this means a considerably lower expenditure of time and energy than when using untreated lyocell fibers.
  • Table 1 shows the t CSF200 values determined for the various samples and the Q values calculated from them. Tab. 1: sample t CSF200 [min] Q [min -1 ] A 15.5 12.9 B 3.5 57.1
  • Example 2 The same fiber samples were compared as in Example 1: Each 1% aqueous fiber suspensions of both fiber samples A and B were ground in a laboratory refiner of the type Andritz R1L at a power of 500W, both the energy consumption in kWh / to and the duration to reach a degree of milling of CSF 200 (Canadian Standard of Freeness Test in accordance with TAPPI Standard T227 om-94). The fibrillating lyocell fiber could be processed in less than 80% of the energy consumption compared to the standard lyocell fiber in only 50% of the milling time (see Table 2). Tab. 2: sample Grinding time [min] Energy consumption [kWh / to] A 5 400 B 2.5 65
  • Fig. 2 shows an SEM image of the leaf from the suspension of sample B.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft fibrillierte Lyocellfasern, die einen Fibrillationsquotienten Q von 20 oder größer aufweisen und deren Gehalt an Mikrofasern mit einer Feinheit von kleiner 14 mesh und einem Durchmesser von kleiner 2 µm mindestens 50% beträgt, sowie deren Verwendung zur Herstellung eines Wischtuches, das Zellstoff und 5 bis 20 Gew.-% fibrillierte Lyocellfasern enthält.
    • Stand der Technik
  • Die US 6042769 offenbart ein Verfahren, mit dem die Fibrillationsneigung von Lyocell-Fasern durch eine Behandlung, die den Polymerisationsgrad der Cellulose um mindestens 200 Einheiten herabsetzt, erhöht wird. Die so erhaltene Faser sollte vor allem in Vliesstoffen und Papier eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt erfolgt die Behandlung mit einem Bleichmittel, insbesondere mit Natriumhypochlorit. Alternativ ist auch die Behandlung mit einer Säure, vorzugsweise einer Mineralsäure wie Salzsäure, Schwefelsäure oder Salpetersäure möglich. Dieses Verfahren wurde allerdings bis heute nicht kommerziell umgesetzt.
  • Die Verwendung von Cellulose-Regeneratfasern, wie Viskose und Lyocell in Vliesstoffen ist hinlänglich bekannt. Im speziellen werden durch Mahlung oder auch in sogenannten Refinern, die aus der Papierherstellung bekannt sind, Lyocellfasern auffibrilliert und als Cellulose-Mikrofasern in Mischung mit Papierzellstoff in sogenannten Nasslege-Verfahren (in Fachkreisen auch als "wet-laid-Verfahren bezeichnet) eingesetzt. Dabei werden verschiedenste Produkte wie zB. Wisch- bzw. Reinigungstücher, sogenannte wipes, und Papierstrukturen für zB. Tissues, hergestellt. Beispielsweise beschreibt die US 8187422 , daß durch die Beimischung fibrillierter Lyocell-Mikrofasern zu Papierzellstoff, die Eigenschaften von cellulosischen Einweg-Wischtüchern entsprechend optimiert werden können. Im Gegensatz zu reinen Zellstoff-Wischtüchern soll durch diese Beimischung das Reinigungsverhalten entsprechend verbessert werden. Dabei soll sich das optimierte Eigenschaftsprofil durch eine erhöhte Opazität (light scattering) und Porosität, bei Verbesserung des Weichgriffs auszeichnen. Die höhere Porosität soll ein höheres Saugvermögen für Wasser und Öl bedingen, was zu einem verbesserten Reinigungsverhalten führt.
  • Die US 8187422 beschreibt nicht genau, wie die verwendeten Lyocell-Mikrofasern hergestellt werden. Sie deutet nur an, daß übliche Lyocell-Stapelfasern, wie sie z.B. auch für die Herstellung von Textilien eingesetzt werden, in einem Scheibenrefiner oder ähnlichem Aggregat in einem wässrigen Medium bei niedrigem Feststoffanteil fibrilliert werden können. Die gemäß der US 8187422 verwendeten Lyocell-Mikrofasern wurden in bereits fibrilliertem Zustand von einem Lieferant gekauft. Sie weisen einen Fibrillationsgrad von CSF < 175ml sowie einen Durchmesser von < 2µm auf. 40% der Fasern sollen dabei eine Feinheit von feiner als 14mesh haben. Die in der US 8187422 offenbarten Einweg-Wischtücher enthalten zwischen 25 und 75% der auf diese Weise hergestellten Lyocell-Mikrofasern.
  • Die gemäß der US 8187422 eingesetzten Lyocellfasern fibrillieren zwar bei mechanischer Mahlbeanspruchung in einem wässrigen Medium. Allerdings ist der Aufwand, um gemäß der US 8187422 einen bestimmten Fibrillationsgrad zur erreichen, in Bezug auf Zeit und Energieeinsatz mit den derzeitigen Refiner-Technologien deutlich größer als beispielsweise für Zellstoff.
    • Aufgabe
  • Die Aufgabe bestand gegenüber diesem Stand der Technik darin, Fasern zur Verwendung in Wischtüchern zur Verfügung zu stellen, die zum einen kostengünstiger fibrilliert werden können und zum anderen in geringerem Mengenanteil in Wischtüchern noch die gleichen mechanischen Eigenschaften der Wischtücher, wie beispielsweise hohe Festigkeit, ermöglichen.
    • Beschreibung der Erfindung
  • Die oben beschriebene Aufgabe konnte gelöst werden durch fibrillierte Lyocellfasern, die dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, dass sie einen Fibrillationsquotienten Q von 20 oder größer aufweisen und ihr Gehalt an Mikrofasern mit einer Feinheit von kleiner 14 mesh und einem Durchmesser von kleiner 2 µm mindestens 50% beträgt. Um Missverständnisse zu vermeiden, soll hiermit klargestellt werden, daß der Begriff "fibrillierte Lyocellfasern" im Zusammenhang mit der vorliegenden Erfindung nicht eine Gesamtmenge völlig identischer Fasern bedeutet, sondern ein Gemisch von Fasern grundsätzlich gleicher Natur, wobei im Gemisch Fasern unterschiedlicher Feinheit (gemessen in mesh) und unterschiedlichem Durchmesser.
  • Der Fibrillationsquotient Q ist definiert als Q = 200 / t CSF 200
    Figure imgb0001
  • Dabei ist tCSF200 die Zeit (in min), die in der CSF-Prüfung benötigt werden, um einen CSF-Wert von 200 zu erreichen. Je größer Q ist, umso weniger Zeit wird also bei gleichbleibenden Fibrillierungsbedingungen benötigt, um den gleichen Fibrillationsgrad zu erreichen. Je nach Art der Ausgangsfasern und der erfindungsgemäßen Säurebehandlung kann ein Q-Wert von bis zu 400 erreicht werden.
  • Ein weiterer Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist ein Wischtuch, das Zellstoff und 5 bis 20 Gew.-% fibrillierte Lyocellfasern enthält und wobei die fibrillierten Lyocellfasern einen Fibrillationsquotienten Q von 20 oder größer aufweisen. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Zellstoff ein Papierzellstoff.
  • Die schnell fibrillierenden Lyocell-Fasern konnten überraschenderweise durch eine Säurebehandlung von herkömmlichen Lyocellfasern hergestellt werden. Diese Säurebehandlung kann erfindungsgemäß erfolgen, indem ein auf bekannte Weise nach dem Lyocell-Verfahren aus Spinndüsen extrudiertes Faserkabel mit einem Einzelfasertiter von beispielsweise zwischen 1,0 und 6,0 dtex mit verdünnter Mineralsäure, beispielsweise Salz-, Schwefel- oder Salpetersäure, mit einer Konzentration von beispielsweise zwischen 0,5 und 5 % bei Raumtemperatur in einem Behälter bei einem Flottenverhältnis von beispielsweise 1:10 imprägniert und dann auf eine gewisse Restfeuchte von beispielsweise 200% abgepresst wird. Das imprägnierte Faserkabel wird anschließend mit Wasserdampf bei Überdruck in einer geeigneten Vorrichtung beaufschlagt, danach säurefrei gewaschen und getrocknet.
  • Zur Ermittlung der Fibrillationsneigung wird das Faserkabel auf eine Stapellänge von 5 mm geschnitten und der CSF-Prüfung (Canadian Standard Freeness gemäß TAPPI Standard T227 om-94) unterzogen.
  • Das Faserkabel wird zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wischtücher in Stapelfasern geeigneter Schnittlänge, beispielsweise 4 bis 6 mm geschnitten. Die Fibrillierung kann dann in einem in der Papierindustrie gebräuchlichen Zerkleinerungsaggregat, beispielsweise einem Mahlaggregat, einem Refiner, einem Desintegrator oder einem Hydrapulper, stattfinden. Sie wird dort solange ausgeführt, bis der gewünschte Fibrillierungsgrad erreicht ist.
  • Der Effekt der Säurebehandlung und der dadurch bedingten Reduzierung des CSF kann durch Variieren der Behandlungsparameter beeinflusst werden. Bei längerer Behandlungsdauer im Überdruck-Dampf kann mit geringeren Säurekonzentrationen der gleiche Effekt erzielt werden und umgekehrt. Ebenso kann mit niedrigeren oder höheren Temperaturen der Dampfbehandlung der CSF-Wert beeinflusst werden.
  • Dabei wird offenbar die Faserstruktur gezielt geschwächt und damit die Fibrillationsneigung erhöht.
  • Bei einer anschließenden CSF-Prüfung ist festzustellen, dass die Mahldauer, die benötigt wird, um einen CSF von 200ml zu erreichen, bei unbehandelten Lyocell-Fasern, je nach Zellstofftype und Produktionsparameter im Bereich von 12-16 Minuten beträgt (siehe Fig. 1). Dieses Vorgehen ist mit dem in US 8187422 vergleichbar. Die mit Säure behandelten Lyocell-Fasern benötigen bei gleicher Mahlungsart nur mehr ca. 3-4 Minuten bis zum Erreichen eines CSF von 200ml (Fig. 1). Zudem konnte festgestellt werden, dass sich durch die Säurevorbehandlung der Anteil an beim Mahlen gebildeten Mikrofasern mit <14 mesh und <2 µm Durchmesser deutlich auf über 50% erhöht.
  • Dadurch ist es möglich, den Anteil an Lyocellfasern in einem Reinigungstuch auf deutlich < 25 Gew.-%, erfindungsgemäß sogar unter 20 Gew.% zu reduzieren und trotzdem die geforderten, beispielsweise in der US 8187422 beschriebenen Eigenschaftsprofile zu erhalten.
  • Die erfindungsgemäßen schnell fibrillierenden Lyocellfasern können erfindungsgemäß zur Herstellung verschiedenster Produkte wie Wischtüchern, insbesondere Einweg-Wischtüchern, Papieren, insbesondere Filterpapieren und Papieren für technische Anwendungen wie Batterien, etc. eingesetzt werden. Diese und weitere Produkte sowie die dafür in Frage kommenden Herstellungsverfahren sind unter anderem in der WO 95/35399 beschrieben, auf die hiermit verwiesen wird.
  • Insbesondere können erfindungsgemäße Wischtücher nach grundsätzlich bekannten Verfahren aus den erfindungsgemäßen Fasern und Zellstoff hergestellt werden. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Verfestigung durch Wasservernadelung.
  • Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist auch die Verwendung der oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Fasern zur Herstellung eines Wischtuchs, wobei das Wischtuch Zellstoff und 5 bis 20 Gew.-% fibrillierte Lyocellfasern enthält Der Zellstoff ist bevorzugt ein Papierzellstoff.
  • Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Beispielen beschrieben. Die Erfindung ist jedoch ausdrücklich nicht auf diese Beispiele beschränkt, sondern umfasst auch alle anderen Ausführungsformen, die auf dem gleichen erfinderischen Konzept beruhen.
    • Beispiele Beispiel 1: Säurebehandlung
  • Erfindungsgemäße schnell fibrillierende Lyocell-Fasern werden wie folgt hergestellt: Ein Lyocell-Faserstrang mit einem Einzelfasertiter von 1,7dtex wird mit verdünnter Schwefelsäure bei Raumtemperatur und einem Flottenverhältnis von 1:10 imprägniert und auf ca. 200% Feuchte abgepresst. Der imprägnierte Faserstrang wird in einem Labordämpfer für ca. 10min mit Wasserdampf unter Druck beaufschlagt, anschließend mit Wasser säurefrei gewaschen und getrocknet. Der trockene Faserstrang wird auf 5mm Stapellänge geschnitten und der CSF Prüfung unterzogen.
    • Beispiel 2: Vergleich der Fibrillationsdynamik
  • Die Fibrillationsneigung wird mittels einer CSF (Canadian Standard of Freeness) Prüfung gemäß TAPPI Standard T227 om-94 gemessen und der Fibrillationsquotient Q ermittelt. Verglichen wurden:
    1. A. handelsübliche unbehandelte 1,7 dtex/6mm Lyocell-Fasern, kommerziell erhältlich als Tencel® von der Lenzing AG ("Tencel®- Standard")
    2. B. Gemäß Beispiel 1 säurebehandelte Fasern ("Tencel® schnell fibrillierend")
  • Fig. 1 zeigt die Abnahme des CSF-Wertes mit zunehmender Zerkleinerungszeit in der Meßvorrichtung. Es läßt sich gut erkennen, daß die säurebehandelten Fasern deutlich schneller fibrillieren als die unbehandelten. Dies bedeutet für die Praxis der kommerziellen Herstellung fibrillierter Lyocellfasern einen erheblich geringeren Zeit- und Energieaufwand als bei Verwendung unbehandelter Lyocellfasern.
  • Tab. 1 zeigt die für die verschiedenen Proben ermittelten tCSF200-Werte und die daraus errechneten Q-Werte. Tab. 1:
    Probe tCSF200 [min] Q [min-1]
    A 15,5 12,9
    B 3,5 57,1
    • Beispiel 3: Vergleich der Eignung für Nasslegeverfahren
  • Verglichen wurden die gleichen Faserproben wie in Beispiel 1:
    Jeweils 1 %ige wässrige Fasersuspensionen beider Faserproben A und B wurden in einem Laborrefiner vom Typ Andritz R1L bei einer Leistung von 500W vermahlen, wobei sowohl der Energieverbrauch in kWh/to als auch die Dauer zur Erreichung eines Mahlgrades von CSF 200 (Canadian Standard of Freeness-Prüfung gemäß TAPPI Standard T227 om-94) ermittelt wurden. Die fibrillierende Lyocellfaser konnte im Vergleich zur Standard-Lyocellfaser in nur 50 % der Vermahlungsdauer mit weniger als 80% des Energieverbrauchs verarbeitet werden (siehe Tab. 2). Tab. 2:
    Probe Vermahlungsdauer [min] Energieverbrauch [kWh/to]
    A 5 400
    B 2,5 65
  • Von 2000 ml dieser wurden in einem Blattbildner vom Typ Rapith Köthen Versuchsblätter hergestellt und REM-Aufnahmen dieser Versuchsblätter gemacht. Fig. 2 zeigt eine REM-Aufnahme des Blattes aus der Suspension von Probe B.

Claims (7)

  1. Wischtuch, das Zellstoff und 5 bis 20 Gew.-% fibrillierte Lyocellfasern enthält, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die fibrillierten Lyocellfasern einen Fibrillationsquotienten Q von 20 oder größer aufweisen.
  2. Wischtuch gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei der Zellstoff ein Papierzellstoff ist.
  3. Fibrillierte Lyocellfasern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie einen Fibrillationsquotienten Q von 20 oder größer aufweisen und ihr Gehalt an Mikrofasern mit einer Feinheit von kleiner 14 mesh und einem Durchmesser von kleiner 2 µm mindestens 50% beträgt.
  4. Verwendung der Fasern nach Anspruch 3 zur Herstellung eines Wischtuchs, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wischtuch Zellstoff und 5 bis 20 Gew.-% fibrillierte Lyocellfasern enthält.
  5. Verwendung gemäß Anspruch 4, wobei der Zellstoff ein Papierzellstoff ist.
  6. Verwendung der fibrillierten Lyocellfasern nach Anspruch 5 in Nasslegeverfahren.
  7. Verwendung nach Anspruch 6 in Mischung der fibrillierten Lyocellfasern mit Papierzellstoff mit einem Lyocellfaser-Anteil zwischen 5 - 20 Gew.%.
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AT517303B1 (de) 2015-06-11 2018-02-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verwendung cellulosischer Fasern zur Herstellung eines Vliesstoffes
EP3536851A1 (de) 2018-03-06 2019-09-11 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Lyocellfaser mit erhöhter neigung zur fibrillierung
EP3536832A1 (de) 2018-03-06 2019-09-11 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften
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US20170241079A1 (en) 2017-08-24
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