EP3219439B1 - Meule - Google Patents

Meule Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3219439B1
EP3219439B1 EP17158894.0A EP17158894A EP3219439B1 EP 3219439 B1 EP3219439 B1 EP 3219439B1 EP 17158894 A EP17158894 A EP 17158894A EP 3219439 B1 EP3219439 B1 EP 3219439B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
abrasive coating
grinding wheel
base body
method step
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17158894.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3219439A1 (fr
Inventor
Karl Mayrhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Original Assignee
Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG filed Critical Tyrolit-Schleifmittelwerke Swarovski KG
Priority to PL17158894T priority Critical patent/PL3219439T3/pl
Publication of EP3219439A1 publication Critical patent/EP3219439A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3219439B1 publication Critical patent/EP3219439B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/16—Bushings; Mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
    • B24D18/0072—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using adhesives for bonding abrasive particles or grinding elements to a support, e.g. by gluing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
    • B24D5/00—Bonded abrasive wheels, or wheels with inserted abrasive blocks, designed for acting only by their periphery; Bushings or mountings therefor
    • B24D5/02—Wheels in one piece

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a grinding wheel with an abrasive coating and a central base body, wherein the abrasive coating is connected to a carrier, and in the radial direction between the base body and the carrier an adhesive layer is arranged, the grinding wheel has an axis of rotation, in one, preferably in each, Cross-sectional plane normal to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel, the abrasive coating a first surface and the carrier have a second surface and the ratio of first surface of the abrasive coating to second surface of the carrier is greater than 1, and the abrasive coating and the support in the region of the connection between the abrasive coating and interpenetrate the carrier.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a grinding wheel.
  • Abrasive wheels with an abrasive coating and a central body are well known in the art.
  • the connection of the base body with the abrasive coating takes place, for example, in that these two components are hot-pressed together in the course of production.
  • Such grinding wheels have a number of disadvantages: For certain applications, it is advantageous to use very brittle abrasive coatings. However, these are not produced in the described structure according to the prior art, or if, then only with very low covering thicknesses. The reason for this is that, due to the compound building up between carrier and coating during the hot pressing process and due to different physical properties of carrier and coating as a function of the temperature (expansion coefficients, heat capacities, thermal conductivities, heat penetration and temperature conductivities, density), stresses occur weaker brittle part can cause cracks. Furthermore, the grinding wheels according to the prior art on a very high weight.
  • the DE 10 2012 002104 A1 discloses a general state of the art.
  • the grinding wheel has an axis of rotation, in a, preferably in each, cross-sectional plane normal to the axis of rotation of the grinding wheel of the abrasive coating, a first surface and the carrier have a second surface and the ratio of the first surface of the abrasive coating to the second surface of the carrier greater than 1, and the abrasive pad and the carrier penetrate each other in the area of the bond between the abrasive pad and the carrier.
  • the component of the grinding wheel connected to the abrasive coating can be significantly reduced in its dimensions.
  • the greatly reduced carrier builds less stress on the abrasive pad during hot pressing, thereby reducing the susceptibility of the abrasive pad to cracking.
  • the reduced carrier causes a lower stress during cooling than an integrally formed carrier element for the abrasive coating. The reason for this is that the lower mass of the carrier results in less expansion under heat. Overall, this makes it possible to produce more brittle abrasive coatings with larger coating thicknesses.
  • a carrier in addition to the central body is that the body can be made of a lighter material than the component carrying the abrasive coating, resulting in a massive weight reduction.
  • the abrasive coating and the carrier penetrate each other in the region of the connection between the abrasive coating and the carrier, it is to be understood that the material of the abrasive coating and the material of the carrier interpenetrate each other. This results in a so-called hypersurface between the abrasive coating and the carrier.
  • the carrier is constructed, and then the abrasive coating is built up on the carrier.
  • the structure of the combination of abrasive coating and carrier is thus sequential. There is a clear material boundary between the abrasive coating and the carrier.
  • the objective technical object of the present invention is therefore to provide a comparison with the prior art improved grinding wheel, which overcomes the disadvantages described, and at the same time can have very brittle abrasive coatings with large pad thicknesses.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a suitable method for producing such a grinding wheel.
  • the peripheral surface of the base body and the inner surface of the support are cone-shaped, preferably with a cone angle of 3 ° to 5 °.
  • the adhesive layer can be reduced to less than 0.5 mm, preferably less than 0.2 mm.
  • the conical design leads to a self-centering when joining the parts to be bonded.
  • the carrier is connected only via the adhesive layer with the base body.
  • the adhesive layer forms a first contact surface to the base body and a second contact surface to the carrier.
  • the peripheral surface of the base body and / or the inner surface of the carrier has a surface structure, preferably grooves.
  • the abrasive coating with the Carrier connected, preferably hot pressed, and is glued in a second, subsequent process step of the carrier with the base body, and in the course of the first process step, the abrasive coating and the carrier are simultaneously constructed and interconnected.
  • the abrasive coating is formed, the carrier is formed, and the abrasive coating and the carrier are joined together.
  • the abrasive pad material and the wearer's material penetrate each other in the area of the bond between the abrasive pad and the backing. This results in the hypersurface between the abrasive coating and the carrier.
  • a mixture for the abrasive coating preferably made of a superabrasive and a binder, and / or a mixture for the carrier is provided before the first process step in a preparatory process step, and the mixture or the Mixtures are molded in one or more dies.
  • the compound of carrier and abrasive coating is shaped and deburred, cleaned and / or sand blasted from the or the press molds.
  • connection of carrier and abrasive coating is positioned relative to the base body by at least one spacer, preferably wherein the at least one spacer is formed on the base body, and / or for the process the positioning between the connection of carrier and abrasive coating and the body is temporarily placed.
  • the at least one spacer is formed on the main body, then it makes sense that the at least one spacer is designed as an annular thin web which protrudes from the main body.
  • At least one spacer is temporarily placed for the process of positioning between the connection of carrier and abrasive coating and the base body, it is for example, three spacers in the form of platelets or the like offset by 120 ° relative to each other to the lay on the inner surface of the carrier and then introduce the body concentric. Subsequently, the platelets are then removed again.
  • support of the support can be placed on a pad with an adhesive coating, preferably in the form of an adhesive tape, to avoid slippage.
  • a finishing of the grinding wheel is carried out, preferably wherein at least one spacer formed on the main body is removed during the finishing process.
  • FIG. 1 shows a non-inventive grinding wheel 1 with an abrasive coating 2 and a central base body 3, wherein the abrasive coating 2 is connected to a support 4, and in the radial direction 5 (see, for example FIG. 2a ) between the base body 3 and the carrier 4, an adhesive layer 6 is arranged.
  • the abovementioned constituents of the grinding wheel 1 are substantially rotationally symmetrical and annular.
  • the central base body 3 has a central bore 7 for mounting the grinding wheel 1 on a drive. Through the central bore 7, a rotation axis 11 of the grinding wheel 1 runs. The rotation axis 11 is oriented substantially normal to the grinding wheel 1. The passage point of the rotation axis 11 of the grinding wheel 1 in the drawing plane according to FIG. 1 is provided with the reference numeral 8.
  • the central base body 3 is made of aluminum in the illustrated embodiment.
  • the carrier 4 is pressed together with the abrasive coating 2.
  • the abrasive coating 2 has a first surface 42 and the carrier 4 has a second surface 43 and the ratio of the first surface 42 of the abrasive coating 2 to the second surface 43 of the carrier 4 is greater than one.
  • FIG. 2a shows a cross-sectional view of the non-inventive grinding wheel 1 according to the FIG. 1 along a cross-sectional plane 34 parallel to the axis of rotation 11. From this cross-sectional representation follows: From outside to inside, the grinding wheel 1 initially comprises an annular abrasive coating 2. The circumferential surface 36 of the abrasive coating 2 is chamfered in the illustrated case. However, all other commonly used geometries are also possible here, such as a surface oriented substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 11. The average thickness 16 of the abrasive covering 2 in the radial direction 5 is approximately 15 mm in the illustrated case.
  • a carrier 4 connects to the abrasive coating 2.
  • the average thickness 17 of the carrier 4 in the radial direction 5 is about 5 mm.
  • the abrasive coating 2 in each cross-sectional plane normal to the rotation axis 11 has a first surface 42 and the carrier 4 has a second surface 43, and the ratio of the first surface 42 of the abrasive coating 2 to the second surface 43 of the carrier 4 is greater than one.
  • one of these cross-sectional planes is shown in dashed lines and provided with the reference numeral 41.
  • the abrasive coating 2 and the carrier 4 form a contact zone 44.
  • FIG. 2a and analogous in the FIG. 2b :
  • the material of the abrasive pad 2 and the carrier 4 penetrate each other. This can be determined by the fact that the abrasive coating 2 extends into the area of the carrier 4 with respect to an imaginary material boundary 47, and vice versa.
  • material inclusions 46 of the carrier 4 there are material inclusions 46 of the carrier 4.
  • material inclusions 45 of the abrasive coating 2 are found in the material of the carrier 4.
  • a hypersurface By this hypersurface an extremely stable connection between the abrasive coating 2 and the carrier 4 is created.
  • the carrier 4 is followed by an adhesive layer 6.
  • the average thickness 18 of the adhesive layer 6 in the radial direction 5 is about 2 mm.
  • the adhesive layer 6 forms a first contact surface 9 to the main body 3 and a second contact surface 10 to the carrier 4, wherein the first contact surface 9 and the second contact surface 10 are aligned substantially parallel to the axis of rotation 11 of the grinding wheel 1. Furthermore, it can be seen that the carrier 4 is connected only to the base body 3 via the adhesive layer 6. In addition, the adhesive layer 6 contacts the circumferential surface 12 of the main body 3 and the inner surface 13 of the carrier 4th
  • the grinding wheel 1 comprises a central base body 3.
  • the base body 3 has a bore 7, via which the grinding wheel 1 can be mounted on a drive, for example on a motor spindle or the like.
  • FIG. 2b shows an inventive embodiment of the grinding wheel 1, also in a cross-sectional view.
  • the main difference to that in the FIG. 2a shown grinding wheel is that the peripheral surface 12 of the base body 3 and the inner surface 13 of the support 4 are formed conical.
  • the cone angle 14 and 15 is in both cases 3 ° to 5 °, measured relative to an axis parallel to the axis of rotation 11 of Grinding wheel 1.
  • the base body 3 tapers in cross section from the bottom of the grinding wheel 1, starting in the direction of the top of the Schleigestion, whereas the carrier 4 tapers in the reverse direction, or vice versa.
  • the peripheral surface 12 of the base body 3 and the inner surface 13 of the carrier 4 are parallel to each other.
  • the adhesive layer 6 can be minimized.
  • the adhesive layer 6 has an average thickness 19 of less than 0.2 mm.
  • the relative orientation of the carrier 4 and the base body 3 is facilitated by this conical embodiment to each other.
  • FIG. 3 1 shows a flowchart of a preferred embodiment of the method 20 according to the invention for producing a grinding wheel 1.
  • the abrasive coating 2 is connected to the carrier 4, more specifically hot pressed, and in a second, subsequent method step 22, the carrier 4 glued to the base body 3.
  • the abrasive coating 2 under carrier 4 are simultaneously constructed and connected to each other.
  • a mixture for the abrasive coating 2 made of a superabrasive and a binder and a mixture for the carrier 4 are provided in a preparatory method step 23.
  • the mixtures are molded into one or more dies.
  • the compound of carrier 4 and abrasive coating 2 is formed, deburred, cleaned and sandblasted in an intermediate step 31 from the or the press molds.
  • connection between carrier 4 and abrasive coating 2 is positioned relative to the base body 3 by at least one spacer, wherein the at least one spacer is formed on the base body 3.
  • at least one spacer can be temporarily placed for the process of positioning between the connection between carrier 4 and abrasive coating 2 and the base body 3.
  • An example of a formed on the base body 3 spacer 32 is based on the FIG. 5a described in more detail.
  • a finishing of the grinding wheel 1 is carried out after the second method step 22, wherein a spacer 32 formed on the main body 3 can be removed during the finishing process (cf. FIG. 5b )
  • the preparation of the first method step 21 can, as in the FIGS. 4a and 4b represented, wherein the FIGS. 4a and 4b Cross-sectional views of rotationally symmetrical bodies include: After a mixture for the abrasive coating of a superabrasive and a binder and a mixture for the carrier have been provided, a combination of a plurality of annular dies is formed, namely an outer pressing ring 24, an abrasive pad lower die 26 and an inner part 25 results in an annular cavity 38, in which the mixture is filled for the abrasive coating.
  • an upper punch 27 is placed on the abrasive coating and preconsolidated the abrasive coating mixture by means of a press.
  • the inner part 25 is formed.
  • the upper punch 27 still remains in its position.
  • a lower punch 28 for the carrier and an inner part 29 are introduced for the carrier in the press ring 24 subsequently.
  • the mixture for the carrier is formed in the annular groove 39, an upper punch 30 placed on the carrier and the carrier mixture by means of a press, such as a hand lever press, pre-compressed.
  • the filled mold combination formed from molds 24, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30 is placed under the hot press and the hot pressing operation is performed.
  • connection between carrier 4 and abrasive coating 2 can be positioned relative to the base body by at least one spacer. It lends itself to form the base body 3 such that it has a radially projecting spacer ring 32 with a thickness 35 of, for example 0.5 mm. The length 37 of this spacer ring 32 corresponds exactly to the average thickness 18 of the adhesive layer 6 (see FIG. 2a ).
  • the process step 22 of the bonding can take place.
  • adhesive is introduced into the annular cavity 40, preferably injected. Depending on the adhesive and ambient temperature, the adhesive then has to cure for a certain time.
  • a finishing of the grinding wheel can be done.
  • this distance holder 32 removed in the course of finishing is, preferably together with adjacent areas of the base body 3 and the carrier 4. In this way, the abrasive coating 2 is slightly released.
  • FIG. 5b shows the result of this finishing.
  • the bonding can also take place in that the peripheral surface 12 of the base body 3 and / or the inner surface 13 of the carrier 4 is already precoated with an adhesive, and only then the carrier 4 and the base 3 are positioned relative to each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Meule (1) avec un revêtement de meulage (2) et un deuxième corps de base central (3), dans laquelle le revêtement de meulage (2) est relié à un support (4), une couche adhésive (6) est disposée dans le sens radial (5) entre le corps de base (3) et le support (4), la meule (1) présente un axe de rotation (11), dans un, de préférence, dans chaque plan de section transversale (41) perpendiculairement à l'axe de rotation (11) de la meule (1), le revêtement de meulage (2) présente une première surface (42) et le support (4) présente une deuxième surface (43) et le rapport de la première surface (42) du revêtement de meulage (2) à la deuxième surface (43) du support (4) est supérieur à 1, et le revêtement de meulage (2) et le support (4) se pénètrent mutuellement dans la zone de liaison entre le revêtement de meulage (2) et le support (4), caractérisée en ce que la surface circonférentielle (12) du corps de base (3) et la surface interne (13) du support (4) sont conçues en forme de cône, de préférence avec un angle de cône (14, 15) de 3° à 5°.
  2. Meule (1) selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le support (4) est relié au corps de base (3) uniquement par la couche adhésive (6).
  3. Meule (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans laquelle la couche adhésive (6) forme une première surface de contact (9) par rapport au corps de base (3) et une deuxième surface de contact (10) par rapport au support (4).
  4. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans laquelle la couche adhésive (6) touche la surface circonférentielle (12) du corps de base (3) et la surface interne (13) du support (4).
  5. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans laquelle la surface circonférentielle (12) du corps de base (3) et / ou la surface interne (13) du support (4) présente une structure de surface, de préférence, des rainures, pour améliorer l'adhérence de la couche adhésive (6).
  6. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans laquelle
    - le revêtement de meulage (2) présente un super agent de meulage, et / ou une liaison en métal, matière synthétique, céramique ou une combinaison de ceux-ci, et / ou
    - la couche adhésive (6) est formée d'une colle durcissable, et / ou
    - le corps de base (3) est formé en aluminium, matériau ferreux, aluminium bakélite, bakélite graphite, matière synthétique renforcée de fibres de verre ou matière synthétique renforcée de fibres de carbone.
  7. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans laquelle le revêtement de meulage (2) présente dans le sens radial (5) une épaisseur moyenne (16) et le support (4) dans le sens radial (5) une épaisseur moyenne (17), et l'épaisseur moyenne (16) du revêtement de meulage (2) est supérieure à l'épaisseur moyenne (17) du support (4).
  8. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans laquelle
    - le revêtement de meulage (2) présente dans le sens radial (5) une épaisseur moyenne (16) de 4 mm à 40 mm, de préférence de 10 mm, et / ou
    - le support (4) présente dans le sens radial (5) une épaisseur moyenne (17) de 2 mm à 8 mm, de préférence de 5 mm, et / ou
    - la couche adhésive (6) dans le sens radial (5) présente une épaisseur moyenne (18) de 1 mm à 3 mm, de préférence de 2 mm, ou une épaisseur moyenne (19) inférieure à 0,5 mm, de préférence inférieure à 0,2 mm.
  9. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, dans laquelle le support (4) et le revêtement de meulage (2) sont reliés ensemble par une zone de contact (44) orientée essentiellement en parallèle ou à l'oblique de l'axe de rotation (11).
  10. Meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, dans laquelle un alésage central (7) est conçu dans le corps de base (3) pour le montage de la meule (1) sur un entraînement.
  11. Procédé (20) de fabrication d'une meule (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, dans lequel, dans une première étape de procédé (21), la meule (2) est reliée au support (4), de préférence est pressée à chaud, et dans une deuxième étape de procédé (22) faisant suite, le support (4) est collé au corps de base (3), et dans lequel au cours de la première étape de procédé, le revêtement de meulage (2) et le support (4) sont à chaque fois montés et reliés ensemble simultanément.
  12. Procédé (20) selon la revendication 11, dans lequel avant la première étape de procédé (21), dans une étape de procédé de préparation (23), un mélange pour le revêtement de meulage (2), composé de préférence d'un super agent de meulage et d'un agent liant, et / ou un mélange pour le support (4) est mis à disposition, et le mélange ou les mélanges sont moulés dans un ou plusieurs moules à pression (24, 25, 26, 28, 29).
  13. Procédé (20) selon la revendication 11 ou 12, dans lequel entre la première étape de procédé (21) et la deuxième étape de procédé (22), dans une étape intermédiaire (31), la liaison composée du support (4) et du revêtement de meulage (2) est démoulée du ou des moules à pression et ébarbée, nettoyée et / ou sablée.
  14. Procédé (20) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 13, dans lequel au cours de la deuxième étape de procédé (22) destinée à préparer le collage, la liaison composée du support (4) et du revêtement de meulage (2) est positionnée par rapport au corps de base (3) par au moins un écarteur (32), de préférence dans lequel le au moins un écarteur (32) est conçu sur le corps de base (3), et / ou, pour le processus de positionnement, est placé temporairement entre la liaison composée du support (4) et du revêtement de meulage (2) et le corps de base (3).
  15. Procédé (20) selon l'une des revendications 11 à 14, dans lequel dans une étape de procédé finale (33) après la deuxième étape de procédé (22), un travail de finition de la meule (1) est réalisé, de préférence dans lequel, au cours du travail de finition, au moins un écarteur (32) conçu sur le corps de base (3) est enlevé.
EP17158894.0A 2016-03-15 2017-03-02 Meule Active EP3219439B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17158894T PL3219439T3 (pl) 2016-03-15 2017-03-02 Tarcza szlifierska

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50216/2016A AT518251B1 (de) 2016-03-15 2016-03-15 Schleifscheibe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3219439A1 EP3219439A1 (fr) 2017-09-20
EP3219439B1 true EP3219439B1 (fr) 2018-08-29

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Family Applications (1)

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EP17158894.0A Active EP3219439B1 (fr) 2016-03-15 2017-03-02 Meule

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EP (1) EP3219439B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT518251B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2700143T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3219439T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114952638B (zh) * 2022-06-09 2024-03-19 昆山鑫轮超硬磨具有限公司 陶瓷cbn砂轮及其自定芯粘接法
CN115533771A (zh) * 2022-10-03 2022-12-30 临沂三超磨具有限公司 多拼砂布轮及其生产方法

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640027A (en) * 1969-07-25 1972-02-08 Sel Rex Corp Annular cutting blades
DE4006660A1 (de) * 1990-03-03 1991-09-05 Winter & Sohn Ernst Schleifscheibe zum schleifen von brillenglasraendern
JP2006142455A (ja) * 2004-11-24 2006-06-08 Toyoda Van Moppes Ltd 超砥粒砥石およびその製造方法
JP5636144B2 (ja) * 2012-01-18 2014-12-03 株式会社ノリタケカンパニーリミテド ビトリファイド超砥粒砥石
DE102012002104A1 (de) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-08 Egon Evertz Kg (Gmbh & Co.) Schleifscheibe, insbesondere zum Längs- oder Querschleifen

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ES2700143T3 (es) 2019-02-14
AT518251B1 (de) 2017-09-15
EP3219439A1 (fr) 2017-09-20
AT518251A4 (de) 2017-09-15
PL3219439T3 (pl) 2019-02-28

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