EP3247631A1 - Dispositif pour l'assistance de la phase de récupération d'un aéronef a voilure fixe - Google Patents
Dispositif pour l'assistance de la phase de récupération d'un aéronef a voilure fixeInfo
- Publication number
- EP3247631A1 EP3247631A1 EP16703597.1A EP16703597A EP3247631A1 EP 3247631 A1 EP3247631 A1 EP 3247631A1 EP 16703597 A EP16703597 A EP 16703597A EP 3247631 A1 EP3247631 A1 EP 3247631A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aircraft
- fuselage
- empennage
- flight
- landing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C25/00—Alighting gear
- B64C25/32—Alighting gear characterised by elements which contact the ground or similar surface
- B64C25/58—Arrangements or adaptations of shock-absorbers or springs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C5/00—Stabilising surfaces
- B64C5/02—Tailplanes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C9/00—Adjustable control surfaces or members, e.g. rudders
- B64C9/32—Air braking surfaces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D25/00—Emergency apparatus or devices, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U70/00—Launching, take-off or landing arrangements
- B64U70/80—Vertical take-off or landing, e.g. using rockets
- B64U70/87—Vertical take-off or landing, e.g. using rockets using inflatable cushions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U10/00—Type of UAV
- B64U10/25—Fixed-wing aircraft
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64U—UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES [UAV]; EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
- B64U70/00—Launching, take-off or landing arrangements
- B64U70/80—Vertical take-off or landing, e.g. using rockets
- B64U70/83—Vertical take-off or landing, e.g. using rockets using parachutes, balloons or the like
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aircraft. It relates more particularly to fixed-wing aircraft of the drone type. STATE OF THE ART
- UAVs are typically used to monitor areas of particular interest on the ground without requiring the presence of human pilots.
- Drones are used in particular for the regular, almost continuous, overflight of sensitive areas. They are in this case equipped with image acquisition means and remote transmission of these images to a control station. In such applications, drones should preferably have a long range of flight, of the order of several hours. They must also be able to automatically handle certain flight situations, especially in case of emergency.
- These aircraft are generally controlled remotely, for example by radio control, or are self-controlled for at least part of their mission. They then comprise means for calculating and controlling their control surfaces, according to a previously coded logic.
- the landing phase is one of the most critical, because of the danger presented during this phase for both the aircraft and the property. or people on the ground.
- One of the problems of drones is to be able to return to the ground in any situation in a secure way.
- the present invention aims to remedy all or part of these disadvantages.
- the present invention relates to a fixed-wing aircraft, comprising at least one passive landing assistance means, deployable between a first position, used in normal flight and a second position, and a means for triggering the transition from the first position to the second position, said aircraft further comprising a shape memory foam landing gear (17).
- said means for triggering the transition from the first position to the second position, used in an emergency is activated automatically in the event of loss of control of the aircraft, possibly by a remote controller.
- the aircraft comprises a tail unit having a first position, called flight position, intended for normal flight, in which the airfoils forming said tail are positioned substantially in the axis of the flight path of the aircraft. and a second position, called the aerodynamic braking position, intended to be implemented during a loss of control of the aircraft, in which the empennage rotates about a pivot axis perpendicular to the aircraft. longitudinal axis of said aircraft.
- the invention relates to a fixed-wing aircraft characterized in that it comprises, at the rear of its fuselage, a stabilizer comprising at least two bearing surfaces, said empennage presenting relatively to the fuselage a first normal flight position in which the airfoils are positioned substantially in the X axis of the flight path of the aircraft and a second position in which the airfoils form an angle greater than 60 ° with the a ⁇ e X of the flight path, the empennage then forming an aerodynamic brake.
- the empennage slows the fall of the aircraft, to ensure a controlled fall speed (for example -8m / s maximum) even in case of loss of control of the aircraft. steering system.
- the empennage is a "V" -type tailplane composed of two bearing surfaces, said empennage being secured.
- the aircraft is piloted by a flight control means, and the empennage locking means is controlled by said flight control means.
- the locking means comprises a breakable resistive wire and heating means of this breakable wire.
- the aircraft is controlled by control means formed here of a microcontroller connected to an electronic circuit, and the tail is held in flight position by a mechanical locking means connected to the electronic circuit of said aircraft, the aircraft comprising means such that, when the electronic system of the aircraft is out of service, the empennage passes from the flight position to the aerodynamic braking position.
- the locking means uses for example a wire, broken by electromechanical means, the lack of power supply of the electronic circuit then releasing the empennage.
- the empennage once passed from the flight position to the aerodynamic braking position, is held by a second mechanical locking means in this aerodynamic braking position.
- the empennage is maintained in the aerodynamic braking position by an anti-return pawl.
- the present invention relates to an aircraft comprising an inflatable pneumatic landing gear.
- the aircraft presents a Retractable landing gear in the fuselage, less complex and less fragile than a landing gear train.
- the inflatable pneumatic landing gear has a flight position in which it is kept under vacuum and is retracted into the fuselage of the aircraft and a landing position in which it is re-inflated at ambient pressure. and deploys out of the fuselage of the aircraft.
- the inflatable pneumatic landing gear comprises a closed chamber of the shape memory type. Thanks to these provisions, the landing gear has a precise shape adapted to the landing of the aircraft.
- the closed chamber is held folded by creating a depression therein, and expands to its natural shape by opening a valve opening the chamber to the outside air.
- the enclosure is maintained folded by creating a depression within it, and deployed by simply opening a valve allowing the outside air to enter said enclosure.
- the device avoids the dangers associated with the use in an aircraft of a compressed gas cartridge or a pyrotechnic gas generator, and allows to install an airbag type of cushion on a drone.
- the portion of the landing gear intended to come into contact with the ground carries a cover which, in flight position, forms an aerodynamic continuity with the fuselage of the aircraft.
- the pneumatic landing gear inflatable and retractable in the fuselage, carries a cover forming a wear pad which avoids damaging the landing gear pneumatic when it comes into contact with the ground.
- the aircraft comprises an electronic control circuit and the control of the inflation of the landing gear is by a valve controlled by said electronic control circuit.
- the aircraft comprises a dislocatable wing-fuselage connection thanks to a main attachment intended to collect the forces during a normal flight (force essentially oriented along an axis orthogonal to the plane of the wings) and a fuse intended to break for "abnormal" efforts typically encountered during a hard landing.
- a normal flight force essentially oriented along an axis orthogonal to the plane of the wings
- a fuse intended to break for "abnormal" efforts typically encountered during a hard landing.
- the aircraft comprises a dislocatable fuselage-tail link in the event of an impact or in the event of the release of a fail safe hook.
- the aircraft has a parachute housed in its dislocatable tail, this parachute is released on dislocation of the tail.
- FIG. 1 represents a drone in a particular embodiment of the invention
- FIGS. 2a and 2b represent the positions of flight and aerodynamic braking of the tail tail
- FIG. 3 illustrates the disposition of the locking device of the tail tail
- FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the inflatable pneumatic landing gear, in the folded position (top figure) and in the deployed position (bottom figure).
- FIG. 5 very schematically illustrates the principle of a breakable attachment device between a wing and the fuselage of the aircraft, in profile view
- FIG. 6 is a similar illustration in a top view, wing removed,
- FIG. 7 is a view from below of a wing / fuselage attachment device in the event of a hard landing (the fuselage and the pions are masked), - Figure 8 illustrates the same device, in a sectional view AA (some internal elements of the wing and the fuselage are masked for readability),
- FIG. 9 still illustrates the same device, according to a view from above (the wing is represented in transparency, certain internal elements of the wing are masked for reasons of readability),
- FIG. 10 illustrates the principle of a breakable fuselage at the tail tail, when the two parts of the fuselage are assembled
- FIG. 12 similarly illustrates the moment of dislocation following the release of the "fail safe” hook
- FIG. 13 illustrates the dropable tail and the housing (here represented by an oval hole) of a parachute
- FIG. 14 illustrates, in a complementary manner to Figure 13, the rear face of the front part of the fuselage, on which is distinguished at the top the hook "fail safe”, and at the bottom, in the form of two lateral rectangles, the clip-on fastener,
- FIG. 15 illustrates the details of the "fail safe” hook in blocking position (left figure) and release (right figure).
- FIG. 16 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the shape memory foam landing gear (17).
- the invention finds its place in the context of a drone aircraft, remotely controlled or autopiloted.
- a geometric reference comprising a longitudinal axis X determined as the flight direction of the aircraft, and oriented in the normal direction of movement of the aircraft.
- a vertical plane XZ is likewise defined by the longitudinal axis and the aerodynamic thrust axis of the aircraft, a vertical axis Z defined as perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X and situated in this vertical plane XZ, oriented in the direction aerodynamic thrust in normal flight of the aircraft.
- a transverse axis defined as perpendicular to the other two axes. This transverse axis Y is generally located in the plane of the main wing of the aircraft.
- Rear of the aircraft means for example the opposite part to the direction of flight of the aircraft.
- said aircraft 10 comprises a fuselage 11, a main wing 12, and a stabilizer 13, disposed here at the rear of the fuselage 11.
- the aircraft (10) has a shape memory foam landing gear (17) under its fuselage, as shown in FIG. 16, which is an exchangeable wear piece protecting the fuselage shocks during brutal landings.
- This shape memory foam landing gear (17) may consist of one or more flexible materials, for example polypropylene, polyurethane, polystyrene, plastic, elastomers, composite materials, rubber, or any other material having the required mechanical properties.
- this shape memory foam landing gear (17) is easily calculated by those skilled in the art according to the weight of the aircraft (10), the expected speed of landing impact. , and the impact resistance of the structures and payloads of the aircraft.
- the shape of the shape memory foam landing gear (17) may vary according to the embodiment of the invention. It may for example be distributed over all or part of the underside of the fuselage of the aircraft (10), or on the underside of a portion of its wings or empennages or both, in one or more blocks.
- the shape memory foam landing gear can cover the nose of the aircraft (10) to protect it in some embodiments.
- the shape memory foam landing gear may have openings to clear the field to cameras or other sensors. It may have a shape facilitating the takeoff of the aircraft (10), for example a handle for launching by hand, a cavity for driving on a ramp, or other forms.
- the shape memory foam landing gear can be partially hollowed out to make it more deformable.
- This shape memory foam landing gear (1 7) has many advantages. It cushions the landing shocks, and protects the aircraft (1 0) from scratches or perforations. It can be made of a lightweight material, inexpensive and very easy to machine. Said memory foam landing gear (1 7) can therefore be easily and cheaply replaced after
- the empennage 1 3 is here composed of two oblique parts, realizing a tail called “butterfly” or “V”, known per se.
- This empennage consists of two inclined surfaces 13a, 1 3b, ensuring at the same time the balance and control of the aircraft.
- the two inclined surfaces 1 3a, 1 3b are connected at a connecting line, the surfaces 1 3a, 1 3b forming between them an angle, for example close to 90 °.
- the empennage 1 3 is secured to the fuselage of the aircraft, in the rear portion thereof, on the one hand, by a central pivot 1 5 placed perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X, in the plane of the fixed wing, and, on the other hand, by a locking device 16 of the empennage 1 3 in flight position (see Figure 3).
- the empennage 13 has a first position (FIG. 2a), called flight position, in normal flight in which the bearing surfaces 13a, 13b are positioned generally along the longitudinal axis X of the flight path of the aircraft 10.
- the locking device 1 6 is active and maintains the empennage in a position such that the two bearing surfaces are generally parallel to the aerodynamic flow, that is to say to the direction of movement of the aircraft.
- the empennage 1 3 also has a second position (FIG. 2b), implemented for example during a loss of control of the aircraft, in which the locking device 16 is released.
- empennage 1 3 When it is released from its position in the flight axis, empennage 1 3 comes naturally, under the effect of aerodynamic forces, to be placed in maximum aerodynamic braking position.
- the empennage 1 3 then rotates substantially 90 degrees towards the rear of the aircraft, thus placing its bearing surfaces 1 3a, 1 3b in their maximum aerodynamic drag position, the connecting line between the empennages 1 3a, 1 3b being placed substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X.
- the empennage 13 then has a high resistance to air and slows down the horizontal flight speed and decreases the rate of fall of the aircraft 10. In this way, the kinetic energy of the aircraft is reduced compared to a fall of an aircraft not equipped with this device. In this way, a controlled drop rate (for example a maximum value of -8 m / s) is ensured even in the event of loss of the critical control system.
- the aircraft 10 is driven by a microcontroller connected to an electronic circuit (not shown in the figures) and the empennage 13 is held in its first position by the blocking means 16 connected to the electronic circuit of said aircraft 10.
- the triggering of the transition between the first position, ie the "normal" flight position, and the second position, ie the aerodynamic braking position of the empennage, is, in the present example realization, caused by the power of a resistive wire that breaks while it heats up. Upon breaking, it releases the locking device 16 which maintains the empennage 13 in flight position.
- the device for triggering the transition between the two flight positions of the jibe 13 has its own power supply, in particular to be usable even in the event of an electrical failure of the aircraft.
- the trip is effective when one of the following conditions is reached:
- the aircraft 10 uses here as blocking device 16 an electromagnet. In this way, in the absence of power supply for the piloting control system, the electromagnet no longer holds the tail and the tailplane rotates 90 degrees towards the rear of the aircraft under the effect of the thrust of the air.
- the empennage 13 is held by a second mechanical locking means (not shown in the figures) in the aerodynamic braking position, for example by a ratchet anti return.
- a second mechanical locking means not shown in the figures
- the aircraft 10 comprises an inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40, deployable under its fuselage 11 (see FIG. 4).
- the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40 has a flight position (FIG. 4 at the top) in which it is deflated and is retracted into the fuselage 11 of the aircraft.
- the pneumatic landing gear 40 has a landing position (FIG. 4 below), in which it is inflated with a gas and deployed outside the fuselage 11 of the aircraft 10.
- the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40 comprises, in the present example, a closed chamber 41 of shape memory type.
- This closed enclosure 41 may be made of any flexible material, allowing the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40 to pass from a deflated shape adapted to be retracted into the fuselage 11, to an inflated shape, capable of damping the contact of the aircraft with the ground during landing.
- the closed chamber 41 is kept under a vacuum as long as it must be in the folded (deflated) position.
- the control of the opening of a valve allows the outside air to enter the closed chamber 41, and causes the spontaneous re-inflation of said chamber by entering the outside air, and the subsequent deployment of the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40.
- the control of the opening of the valve is performed by the electronic control circuit of the aircraft, or by remote control,
- the inflating of the closed enclosure 41 and the deployment of the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40 can be done when approaching the ground. It is then for example triggered by a program running on a microcontroller, connected for example to an altimeter.
- the inflatable pneumatic landing device is also provided.
- the inflatable pneumatic landing gear device 40 is here manually retractable thanks to a valve allowing the air to flow from the inside to the outside of the closed enclosure 41.
- the portion intended to come into contact with the ground of the inflatable landing gear comprises, in the present example, a cover 42 which, in the flight position, forms an aerodynamic continuity with the rest of the fuselage 11.
- this cover 42 is here but not necessarily made of the same material as the rest of the fuselage, and, during the deployment of the inflatable pneumatic landing gear 40, this cover 42 forms a wear pad for protecting the closed chamber 1 1 of any damage when in contact with the ground.
- the aircraft is provided with a device for attaching wings to the fuselage January 1 having a mechanical element acting as a "fuse" in case of effort greater than a predetermined value.
- the main wing 51 is formed in one piece and is attached to the top of the fuselage 1 1 in normal flight of the aircraft.
- the attachment device of the wing 51 to the fuselage January 1 is constituted, at the fuselage 1 1, two fixing pins 52d, 52g placed on either side (slightly forward) of the center of gravity of the 'plane.
- fixing pins 52d, 52g each slide under a metal plate 53d, 53g respectively, having a notch 54d, 54g cut in V, these metal plates 53d, 53g being fixed to the wing 51, below grooves 55d, 55g formed in the volume of wing 51.
- Figures 5 and 6 the front of the aircraft is on the right of the figure (while it is on the left in Figures 7 and 8).
- Figure 5 shows the wing 51 placed above the fuselage January 1.
- the fixing pegs 52d, 52g are each inserted into the notch 54d, 54g corresponding to the metal plates 53d, 53g.
- the grooves 55d, 55g formed locally in the lower face of the wing 51 can accommodate the volume of the fixing pins 52d, 52g.
- the retention in place of the wing 51 on the fuselage 1 1 is performed by a screw 56 which is placed at the rear of the wing 51 and which holds a tight electrical connector 57 fuselage / wing.
- the function of this fuselage / wing electrical connector is to allow the passage of the current supplying various systems integrated to the wing 51.
- the screw 56 is sized to break in shear when the forward acceleration of the aircraft is greater than a predetermined value.
- the aircraft is equipped with a 100 dropable tail with a housing 1 10 for a parachute.
- the parachute deploys and ensures a safe return to the ground.
- the fastening device between the fuselage and the tail is composed of the following elements: A fail safe type hook 150 controllable by the autopilot, which is taken up in a fastener 151 above the tail of the aircraft, and thus secures the top of the tail 100 at the top of the fuselage.
- a clip-on fastener 140 from the bottom of the tail with the bottom of the fuselage.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Tires In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1550540A FR3031965B1 (fr) | 2015-01-23 | 2015-01-23 | Dispositif pour l'assistance de la phase de recuperation d'un aeronef a voilure fixe |
| PCT/FR2016/050144 WO2016116719A1 (fr) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-25 | Dispositif pour l'assistance de la phase de récupération d'un aéronef a voilure fixe |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3247631A1 true EP3247631A1 (fr) | 2017-11-29 |
Family
ID=52988294
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16703597.1A Withdrawn EP3247631A1 (fr) | 2015-01-23 | 2016-01-25 | Dispositif pour l'assistance de la phase de récupération d'un aéronef a voilure fixe |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20180050793A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3247631A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3031965B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2016116719A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113212744B (zh) * | 2021-06-07 | 2023-04-21 | 广西电网有限责任公司电力科学研究院 | 一种具有防护装置的垂直起降固定翼无人机 |
| CN115924154A (zh) * | 2022-12-20 | 2023-04-07 | 芜湖创联航空装备产业研究院有限公司 | 一种无人机下尾翼多段替损结构及方法 |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2645436A (en) * | 1948-04-27 | 1953-07-14 | Brown Owen | Hydroaerial landing and launching means, including modus operandi |
| US4351500A (en) * | 1980-07-17 | 1982-09-28 | Golze Richard R | Ski/float landing gear apparatus for aircraft |
| CA1239136A (fr) * | 1985-01-31 | 1988-07-12 | Donald B. Arney | Canot pneumatique de sauvetage |
| US6199797B1 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2001-03-13 | Michael G. Brown | Aircraft float and system utilizing the same |
| US7127334B2 (en) * | 2002-12-03 | 2006-10-24 | Frink Bentley D | System and methods for preventing the unauthorized use of aircraft |
| US7059566B2 (en) * | 2003-06-20 | 2006-06-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Unmanned aerial vehicle for logistical delivery |
| IL162915A (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2008-11-03 | Elbit Systems Ltd | Unmanned air vehicles and method of landing same |
| WO2007133182A2 (fr) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-22 | Robert Talmage | Avion aérospatial modulaire |
| US7934682B2 (en) * | 2006-10-13 | 2011-05-03 | Manfredi Dario P | Aircraft safety system |
| US20120175468A1 (en) * | 2011-01-12 | 2012-07-12 | Eric Zerof | Remote Controlled Drone Aircraft to Mist and Cool Roofs |
| US9637248B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-05-02 | The Boeing Company | Component deployment system |
| CN110626510A (zh) * | 2014-02-27 | 2019-12-31 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | 撞击保护设备 |
| US9764820B2 (en) * | 2014-06-30 | 2017-09-19 | X Development Llc | Horizontal tail surface |
-
2015
- 2015-01-23 FR FR1550540A patent/FR3031965B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2016
- 2016-01-25 US US15/544,249 patent/US20180050793A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-01-25 WO PCT/FR2016/050144 patent/WO2016116719A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2016-01-25 EP EP16703597.1A patent/EP3247631A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3031965B1 (fr) | 2018-08-24 |
| FR3031965A1 (fr) | 2016-07-29 |
| WO2016116719A1 (fr) | 2016-07-28 |
| US20180050793A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
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