EP3281237A1 - Sel métallique alcalin hétérocyclique en tant que substance dopante n dans l'électronique organique - Google Patents

Sel métallique alcalin hétérocyclique en tant que substance dopante n dans l'électronique organique

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Publication number
EP3281237A1
EP3281237A1 EP16721380.0A EP16721380A EP3281237A1 EP 3281237 A1 EP3281237 A1 EP 3281237A1 EP 16721380 A EP16721380 A EP 16721380A EP 3281237 A1 EP3281237 A1 EP 3281237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
dopant
organic
layer
electron
group
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP16721380.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Florian Kessler
Sébastien PECQUEUR
Günter Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3281237A1 publication Critical patent/EP3281237A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
    • H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
    • H10K50/16—Electron transporting layers
    • H10K50/165—Electron transporting layers comprising dopants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K11/00—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent
    • C09K11/06—Luminescent materials, e.g. electroluminescent or chemiluminescent containing organic luminescent materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K10/00—Organic devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching; Organic capacitors or resistors having potential barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
    • H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
    • H10K85/654—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only nitrogen as heteroatom
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
    • C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
    • C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
    • C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
    • C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to n-dopants for increasing the electronic conductivity organic electrical
  • n-dopant is selected from the group comprising heterocyclic alkali metal salts according to the following
  • These methods essentially include the insertion of thin salt intermediate layers, for example from LiF, CsF or CS 2CO 3 (Jinsong Huang et al., Low-Work-Function Surface Formed by Solution-Processed and Thermally Deposited Nanoscale Layers of Cesium Carbonate "Adv. Funct. Mater. 2007, 00, 1-8), Zvi ⁇ rule cathode and electron transport layer (electrons in ⁇ jemiestik) or the doping of the electron transport layer itself ⁇ (bulk doping).
  • the thin salt layers form a boundary layer with the cathode material and lower the work function of the electrons.
  • Emitting Diodes "Organic Electronics Conference 2007 Septem ⁇ about 24 to 26.2007 Frankfurt / Germany), resulting in an increase in the n-type conductivity of the layer.
  • Transfer electron from the dopant to the matrix and their conductivity can be increased. This can be achieved, for example, by materials with extremely low work functions or ionization energies (alkali metal and alkaline earth metals). le, as well as the lanthanides).
  • materials with extremely low work functions or ionization energies alkali metal and alkaline earth metals. le, as well as the lanthanides.
  • charge-transfer complex organic semiconductors in which an intermolecular complex (so-called charge-transfer complex) is formed and thus a doping is possible even if the situation described above (HOMO of the dopant is higher than LUMO the matrix) (H. Mendez et al., Angew Chem Chem Int Ed., 2013, 52, 1).
  • the dopants must also be processable with the standard processes of organic electronics. This includes a good solubility in common complementary and ⁇ stuffs in the wet processing and / or especially in vacuum processes a slight volatility of the compounds. In this way, the energy input for producing the layers can be reduced.
  • inorganic, salt-like dopants such as, for example, cesium phosphate (eg described in WO 2011/039323 A2) or
  • Phosphorus oxo salts (for example, are described only to a limited extent in DE 102012217574 A1 for n-doping since the sublimation temperatures of these compounds are relatively high.)
  • organic salts for example the salts of
  • Cyclopentadiene (described in DE102012217587 Al), can contribute to improved processability, yet there is a further need for efficient n-dopants, which in addition to good processability, in particular niedi ⁇ gere sublimation temperatures, also have suitable electronic properties, which leading to a significant improvement in the electrical conductivity of organic electrical layers.
  • an n-dopant to increase the electronic conductivity is seen organic electric layers used, which is characterized in that the n-dopant is selected from the group consisting of heterocyclic Alka ⁇ metal salts according to the formula I,
  • R is independently selected from the group umfas ⁇ send -H, -D, halogen, -CN, -N0 2, -OH, amine, ether, thioether, ester, amide, C1-C50 alkyl, cycloalkyl, acrylic, vinyl, Allyl, aromatics, fused aromatics, heteroaromatics;
  • M alkali or alkaline earth metal
  • n 1 or 2.
  • the salt-like compounds have ⁇ se suitable electronic properties to the common Elektronentransportmate- rials organic electronics to dope and so contribute to increased conductivity produced therefrom layers. Without being bound by theory, this effect is most likely due to the HOMO / LUMO position of the salt-like compounds of the present invention compared to the electron or matrix material, and is particularly based on the presence of a heteroatom in the organic cycle. This heteroatom in the cyclic Compound seems to lead in particular to the fact that the anion can release an electron to the surrounding matrix material, which leads to an increase of the conductivity of this material.
  • the facilitated release is most likely due to the greater tendency of heterocycle release of the negative charge on electron transport materials as compared to pure cyclic compounds. As stated above, this may be due to the HOMO / LUMO location of the heterocyclic anion, which is more favorable than, for example, the electronic levels of the pure aliphatic cyclic compounds.
  • the dopants according to the invention show good solubility in the common solvents of organic electronics, which contributes to good wet processability of these compounds.
  • a particular advantage of this class of compounds is also the fact that they can be vaporized at significantly lower temperatures compared to the salt-like compounds used in the prior art. For example, sublimation temperatures below 600 ° C can be achieved.
  • the heterocyclic 5-membered ring can form either a resonance-stabilized anion or a resonance-stabilized radical by the uptake or release of an electron. Upon delivery of the electron, it is taken up by the electron transport material.
  • electron-conducting matrix materials are good complexing aromatic ⁇ ner for the present invention can be used metal cations simultaneously. It can lead to a complex formation between the metal cations and the matrix materials, which lead to particularly stable layers. This stability of the layers can simplify the processability. Thus, for example, further work can be carried out in solvent processes with a significantly higher number of non-complementary solvents without the risk of leaching out of the n-dopants according to the invention.
  • chelating electron-conducting matrix materials include 2,9-dimethyl-4, 7-diphenyl-l, 10-phenanthroline (BCP) or 4,7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BPhen), which is preferably used can be.
  • the resulting coordination number of the metal atom may, depending on the atomic radius of the used Me ⁇ talls between 2 - 8 vary (for example, Li: 4, Cs: 6 - 8).
  • the dopant may be formally ionized as an ion pair in the matrix or completely through the dissolving matrix.
  • An n-dopant for the purposes of the invention is a salt-like Ver ⁇ bond, i.e. a compound which is composed of organic and inorganic anions and cations wherein the anion is an electron, or more generally the electron density, can deliver to surrounding electron conductor.
  • the n-dopants according to the invention can contribute to an increase in the electron density in organic electronic layers.
  • the 5-membered heterocycle complexes according to the invention can be processed either directly or else in a solid-phase synthesis by cocond condensation of the (earth) alkali metal and a
  • the metal of the uncharged heterocycle and the matrix material are co-deposited within a layer and the inventions dung proper metal-heterocycle-complex is formed only in ⁇ nergur of the layer, for example by cleavage of an acidic Pro ⁇ tons by the following mechanism
  • Heterocyclic (earth) alkali metal salts in the sense of the invention are organic salts, wherein the anion as the main body has a 5-membered, heterocyclic structure.
  • the 5-membered structure has at least one heteroatom of the specified group in the main body. But it is also possible that 2-4 atoms of the parent make a heteroatom ready ⁇ .
  • the heterocycle has several hete- roatome on, of course, it is also possible that exist under ⁇ Kunststoffliche heteroatoms in the ring. Regardless of whether the 5-ring has one or more heteroatoms, the 5-ring always carries at least one negative charge.
  • Suitable metals are the metals of the alkali and alkaline earth group which are familiar to the person skilled in the art. That is, the cations are selected from the group consisting of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba. The person skilled in the art is aware that, depending on the charge of the metallic cation, one or two organic anions are required for charge compensation of the complex.
  • n-dopants according to the invention are able to increase the conductivity of organic electrical layers.
  • the person skilled in the art is aware of the materials from which the organic electrical layers can be made.
  • the n-dopants according to the invention are suitable for use with one or more of the following n-type conductors:
  • Perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride or its imides 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7, 7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethanes; Pyrazino [2, 3 f] [1, 10] phenanthroline-2, 3-dicarbonitriles; Dipyrazino [2, 3-f: 2 ', 3'-h] quinoxaline-2,3,6,7,10, ll-hexacarbonitrile.
  • Other usable electron transport materials are for example those based on silanols with a
  • the n-dopants according to the invention can also be deposited together with hole-conducting materials within a layer and thus form a blocking layer.
  • the at least one heteroatom in the five-membered ring may be a nitrogen.
  • the heterocycles in which at least one nitrogen atom is present can lead to a particularly effective doping of electron transport materials. Without being bound by theory, this effect may be due to the fact that both the electronic structure of the 5-ring and the stability of the anions is favorably influenced by the presence of at least one nitrogen atom. This may be attributed, where appropriate, to the possibilities of resonance stabilization of the anion by the nitrogen atom and, in general, its electronegativity in comparison to carbon.
  • At least two nitrogens may be present in the five-membered ring of the n-dopant.
  • heterocyclic 5-membered rings have been found which have in the ring system at least 2 Stickstof ⁇ fe as overall is suitable. Without being bound by theory, this can be explained by the improved resonance stabilization of the anions formed, and generally by the increased electron density provided by the lone-pair electrons of the nitrogens.
  • Particularly preferred Ausgestal ⁇ of any of these specific 5-membered rings may be selected from the group consisting of imidazole and imidazoline, that five-membered rings with nitrogen atoms in the 1- and 3-position.
  • the metal M can be selected from the group comprising Li, Na, K, Rb and Cs.
  • the group of monovalent Alkalime ⁇ metals has been found to be particularly useful in the processing. This is preferably within vacuum processes, since the complexes of the alkali metals and the 5-ring heterocycles seem to be particularly good
  • the metal may be Rb or Cs.
  • the heavy alkali metals, together with the heterocycles which can be used according to the invention, can be deposited very well in the course of vacuum processes and form particularly stable layers with the electron transport materials. This is most likely based on the larger ionic radius of the cations, which interact effectively with several molecules of the electron transport material made ⁇ light. In this way, layers are available which have proven to be particularly resistant to the washing out of the introduced dopants in subsequent process steps.
  • the metal may be Cs.
  • the cesium as heaviest not radioak ⁇ tive material from the group of alkali metals leads, surprisingly, to be a particularly efficient and rapid reaction with the electron-transporting materials. This is most likely due to the size of the cesium, which also allows interactions with several molecules of the electron transport material in the electrical layer. In this way, a particularly rapid and complete dissociation of the n-dopants according to the invention within the matrix material can occur, which then subsequently leads to a particularly efficient transfer of charge from the now isolated organic anions to the matrix material.
  • the n-dopant may have a molecular weight of> 65 g / mol and -S 2000 g / mol.
  • the n-dopants with a rather low molecular weight have proven to be particularly efficient
  • these n-dopants may have a molecular weight of> 75 g / mol and -S 1500 g / mol, furthermore of> 100 g / mol and -S 1000 g / mol.
  • an organic, electron ⁇ conductive layer which comprises at least one electron transport material and an n-dopant, wherein the n-dopant ei ⁇ ne of the compounds of the invention comprises.
  • the inventively doped electron-conducting layers can have both a like plurality of the invention shown SEN n-dopant.
  • the electron-conducting layers doped according to the invention may also have a plurality of matrix materials / electron conductors.
  • further substances may be present within the layer.
  • Further useful layer materials such as further matrix materials and / or insulators for adjusting the conductivity are known to the person skilled in the art.
  • the n-dopant may be present in a layer thickness concentration of> 0.01% and -S 35% in the organic electrical layer.
  • the layer thickness concentration describes the volume fraction of the salt-like derivative on the entire, electron-conducting layer.
  • the desired layer thickness concentration can be set specifically. This proportion can be for example based on the cation distribution within the layer which, for example, structure analysis by means of an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) or AAS (Atomabsorptionsspektrosko ⁇ pie) is determined calculated.
  • EDX energy dispersive X-ray
  • AAS Atomabsorptionsspektrosko ⁇ pie
  • the abovementioned layer thickness concentration has proven to be suitable for inducing a significant increase in the electrical conductivity of the electron transport materials. Higher coating thickness concentrations may be unfavorable, since In this case, the proportion of electron transport materials becomes too low.
  • lower layer thickness concentrations lead to only insufficient doping of the electron transport layer and are accordingly not in accordance with the invention.
  • Dotand is the above-mentioned layer thickness concentration for the sum of the dopants used.
  • the n-dopant may be present in a layer thickness concentration of> 70% and -S 100% in the organic electrical layer.
  • High concentrations of the n-dopant within a layer can preferably be used for the construction of an electron injection layer (con ⁇ tact doping).
  • This intrinsic layer of the n-dopant is expediently transport layer between the electron and arranged the cathode and results in egg ⁇ ner improved injection.
  • both the intrinsic layer having high concentrations of the n-dopants according to the invention and the electron-transport layer may comprise only the n-dopants according to the invention.
  • n-dopant according to the invention is deposited with at least one electron transport material within a layer.
  • the compounds can be processed both from the gas phase, as well as from the liquid phase.
  • both dopant and matrix material are evaporated together, preferably from different sources in a high vacuum and deposited as a layer.
  • n-dopants Spin coating, knife coating, slot coating etc. deposited.
  • the finished layer is then obtained by evaporating the solvent.
  • arbitrary doping ratios can be set by the different mass ratios of n-dopants to the electron transport material.
  • the use The n-dopants according to the invention result in that both the production of the layers is simplified and a particularly good electronic conductivity of the layers is obtained.
  • the deposition can take place via a solvent or a sublimation process.
  • the electron-conducting region is particularly preferably produced by means of vapor deposition, particularly preferably by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD).
  • the dopant may preferably be deposited together with the electron-conducting layer.
  • the layers may have a layer thickness of 1-10 nm, preferably ⁇ 1 nm. Both substances can be sublimated from different sources using thermal energy. By means of this process, one obtains particularly homogeneous and uniform layers.
  • Solvent processes are preferably carried out so that the components of the electron-conducting layer and the dopant may be deposited from a Lieremit ⁇ tel to a substrate. This can simplify process management and make cheaper production possible.
  • the process of the n-dopant can be deposited oh ⁇ ne an electron transport material within a layer.
  • Such contact is intrinsic doping layers can be obtained with high levels of n-dopant, being reduced by the contact of this layer with the metal catalysts ⁇ Thode the work function of the electrons and because ⁇ improved by the electron injection into the electron transport layer.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises depositing a sublimation with egg ⁇ ner sublimation temperature of> 120 ° C and 600 ° C and -S a pressure of 1 * 10 ⁇ 5 to 1 * 10 ⁇ 9 mbar.
  • an organic electrical component wherein the device comprises an n-conducting organic electrical layer according to the invention.
  • the use of the n-dopants according to the invention leads to improved electrically conductive layers, which are suitable in the context of multi-layer structures, in particular for use in organic electrical components. By increasing the electrical efficiency and longevity of the layers, components of a higher quality are obtained.
  • the organic electrical component can be selected from the group comprising organic photodiodes, solar cells, Bipo- lar- and field-effect transistors and organic light-emitting diodes. Due to the improved electrical properties of the electrical transport layer according to the invention, these layers are particularly suitable for the construction of the above-mentioned organic electrical components. It can be, in particular, construction parts obtained which have improved electronic own sheep ⁇ th and improved tool life.
  • the layers of the invention and the devices according to the invention refer to the explanations in connection with the inventive n-dopant therewith. Also, features and advantages of the n-dopants according to the invention are also to be used for the invention. layers according to the invention, the method according to the invention and the organic components according to the invention be applicable and apply as disclosed and vice versa. The invention also includes all combinations of at least two features disclosed in the description and / or the claims.
  • Fig. 1 shows the IV characteristic of a pure SMB-013 layer
  • Fig. 2 shows the IV characteristic of a pure SMB-013 layer
  • Fig. 4 shows the IV characteristic of a pure Alq3 layer (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) and an Alq3 layer doped with 10% cesium imidazolide (dashed) measured with a calcium cathode
  • Figure 5 shows the IV characteristic of a pure Alq3 layer and an Alq3 layer doped with 5% cesium imidazolide (gestri ⁇ chelt) measured with an aluminum cathode.
  • Fig. 6 shows the IV characteristic of a pure Alq3 layer
  • a majority charge carrier device was constructed with the following device architecture:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • Diode characteristic is observed in which a significant over ⁇ voltage (built-in voltage) is necessary before the current density increases. Moreover, this shows in the layer with pure intrin- sischer conductivity only at voltages positive of the case, while the doped layer also at negative voltages increased current densities and electrons in an efficient ⁇ jection also from the anode (ITO) allows.
  • a majority charge carrier device was constructed with the following device architecture:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the doping according to the invention has an effect on the IV characteristic.
  • the doped layer exhibits increased current densities, even at negative voltages, and also enables efficient electron injection from the anode (ITO).
  • ITO anode
  • the aluminum cathode the electron injection, in contrast to the component with calcium cathode (Example 4) significantly more difficult, since the work function of aluminum is significantly hö ⁇ forth.
  • a majority charge carrier device was constructed with the following device architecture:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • a majority charge carrier device was constructed with the following device architecture:
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • ITO indium tin oxide

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dopant N servant à augmenter la conductivité électronique de couches organiquement électriques, le dopant N étant sélectionné parmi le groupe comportant des sels métalliques alcalins hétérocycliques selon la formule I suivante, où les X1 - X5 sont choisis indépendamment les uns des autres parmi le groupe comportant -CH2-, -CHR-, -CR2-, -C(=O)-, - (C=S) -, - (C=CR2) -, - C(CR)-, =CH-, =CR-, -NH-, -NR-, =N-, -O-, -S-, -Se-, -P(H)-, -P(R)-, -N--, =C--, -CH--, -CR--, -P--, dans lequel au moins un Xi présente un hétéroatome dans le cinquième anneau et l'anneau étant chargé formellement négatif; les R sont sélectionnés indépendamment les uns des autres parmi le groupe comportant -H, -D, halogènes, -CN, -NO2, -OH, amine, éther, thioéther, ester, amide, C1-C50 alkyle, cycloalkyle, acryle, vinyle, allyle, aromates, aromates annelés, hétéroaromates; M = métal alcalin ou métal alcalinoterreux et n = 1 ou 2.
EP16721380.0A 2015-06-05 2016-04-26 Sel métallique alcalin hétérocyclique en tant que substance dopante n dans l'électronique organique Ceased EP3281237A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015210388.9A DE102015210388A1 (de) 2015-06-05 2015-06-05 Organische Heterozyklische Alkalimetallsalze als n-Dotierstoffe in der Organischen Elektronik
PCT/EP2016/059229 WO2016192902A1 (fr) 2015-06-05 2016-04-26 Sel métallique alcalin hétérocyclique en tant que substance dopante n dans l'électronique organique

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EP3281237A1 true EP3281237A1 (fr) 2018-02-14

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US (1) US20180159063A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3281237A1 (fr)
KR (1) KR102084940B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN107667440B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015210388A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2016192902A1 (fr)

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TWI883391B (zh) 2020-02-18 2025-05-11 美商基利科學股份有限公司 抗病毒化合物
KR20250133471A (ko) 2020-02-18 2025-09-05 길리애드 사이언시즈, 인코포레이티드 항바이러스 화합물
TWI775313B (zh) 2020-02-18 2022-08-21 美商基利科學股份有限公司 抗病毒化合物
CA3216162A1 (fr) 2021-04-16 2022-10-20 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Procedes de preparation de carbanucleosides a l'aide d'amides
AU2022328698B2 (en) 2021-08-18 2025-02-20 Gilead Sciences, Inc. Phospholipid compounds and methods of making and using the same

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CN107667440B (zh) 2020-03-06
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US20180159063A1 (en) 2018-06-07
KR20180014161A (ko) 2018-02-07
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