EP3290801A1 - Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3290801A1
EP3290801A1 EP17187664.2A EP17187664A EP3290801A1 EP 3290801 A1 EP3290801 A1 EP 3290801A1 EP 17187664 A EP17187664 A EP 17187664A EP 3290801 A1 EP3290801 A1 EP 3290801A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid supply
new
signal
heating system
fuel
Prior art date
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Granted
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EP17187664.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3290801B1 (fr
Inventor
Jan Koudijs
Danny Leerkes
Jan Westra
Bram JASPERS
Sjoerd Reijke
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102017204009.2A external-priority patent/DE102017204009A1/de
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Publication of EP3290801A1 publication Critical patent/EP3290801A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/12—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods
    • F23N5/123—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using ionisation-sensitive elements, i.e. flame rods using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2227/00—Ignition or checking
    • F23N2227/20—Calibrating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system.
  • the invention also relates to a control unit which is designed to carry out the method according to the invention and to a heating system with the control unit according to the invention.
  • heating system means at least one device for generating heat energy, in particular a heater or heating burner, in particular for use in a building heating and / or hot water generation, preferably by the combustion of a gaseous or liquid fuel.
  • a heating system can also consist of several such devices for generating heat energy and other, the heating operation supporting devices, such as hot water and fuel storage.
  • a "fluid supply parameter" is to be understood in particular to be a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with at least one fluid, in particular a combustion unit of the heating system, in particular a combustion air flow, a fuel flow and / or a mixture flow, in particular from a combustion air and the fuel ,
  • a control and / or regulating unit of Heating system at least on the basis of the fluid supply characteristic to a volume flow and / or a mass flow of the at least one fluid are closed and / or the volume flow and / or the mass flow of the at least one fluid can be determined.
  • An example of a fluid supply parameter is the indication of an opening width of a fuel valve.
  • a “temporary, temporal fluid supply change” should be understood to mean a time-limited variation of the fluid supply parameter, so that it deviates from a largely constant value of the fluid supply parameter before the start of the fluid supply change.
  • the fluid supply parameter is initially increased or decreased over the period of the fluid supply change and then regulated to the largely constant value of the fluid supply parameter before the beginning of the fluid supply change.
  • the fluid supply change is associated with a short-term increase in a per unit time to the burner unit supplied amount of fluid.
  • the duration of the fluid supply change is preferably pulse-like and short compared with the intended time variations of the fluid supply characteristic variable that occur during normal operation of the heating system.
  • a “pulse”, a “pulse-like change” or a “pulse-shaped signal” is understood to be a time profile of a parameter which is brought from a first value within a limited time period to at least one second value different from the first value.
  • a “pulse” is sometimes referred to as “pulse”, especially in electrical engineering.
  • a “new fluid delivery change” is understood to mean a fluid delivery change that is generated in the current iteration of the process.
  • a “last Fluidzubowsung” should a Designate fluid supply change from at least one iteration of the method carried out before, preferably from an iteration of the method carried out immediately before.
  • combustion characteristic is to be understood in particular to be a scalar parameter which is correlated in particular with combustion, in particular of the mixture, in particular of the combustion air and the fuel.
  • An example of a combustion characteristic is an ionization current which is measured at a flame of the heating system.
  • the control and / or regulating unit of the heating system at least on the basis of the combustion characteristic to a presence and / or quality of the combustion are concluded and / or the presence and / or the quality of the combustion can be determined.
  • the combustion size corresponds to at least one or exactly one measurement value representing the combustion and / or characterizing the combustion characteristic, such as a combustion signal and, in particular, a light intensity , a pollutant emission, a temperature and / or advantageously an ionization signal.
  • a “maximum signal” is to be understood as meaning the maximum amplitude of the combustion parameter in a time period correlated with the temporal change of the fluid supply parameter.
  • a signal maximum may be the maximum amplitude of a pulse of the combustion characteristic.
  • the signal maximum is in particular a measure of the change in the combustion characteristic due to the fluid supply change.
  • a signal maximum can be understood to mean an "absolute signal maximum” which assumes the value of the combustion parameter at the maximum.
  • a maximum signal can be understood as meaning a "relative signal maximum”. which describes a height of the maximum with respect to a normal value of the combustion parameter.
  • a relative signal maximum may be equal to the absolute signal maximum minus a largely constant value of the combustion parameter before a period of time correlated with the temporal change of the fluid supply parameter or the value of the combustion parameter at the beginning of this period.
  • a “new signal maximum” is to be understood as meaning a signal maximum that is determined in the current iteration of the method.
  • a “last signal maximum” is intended to denote a signal maximum from at least one iteration of the method carried out before, preferably from an iteration of the method carried out immediately before.
  • a method step is to be understood in which a signal maximum of a temporal change correlated with the temporal fluid change is measured or determined by at least one combustion parameter.
  • methods of data processing or data evaluation can also be provided.
  • different subsequent steps can be selected in the further course of the method, if necessary and / or desired.
  • error reaction is to be understood as a measure with which a faulty state of the heating system is reacted so that at least potential damage to the heater, its users and its environment is avoided as far as possible.
  • the fault condition will at least partially correct and / or correct the fault condition.
  • An error reaction may be, for example, a switching off of the heater or the implementation of a method, in particular a calibration of the heating system.
  • faulty state is meant a state of the heating system in which the operation is not possible in the intended frame. These include defects and malfunctions as well as a non-optimal or unfavorable operation. Examples of faults and defects include a non-fully functioning blower or suddenly occurring or slowly progressing blockages in the flow path of a fuel-air mixture.
  • Causes of such blockages are, for example, wind, dirt, deposits or corrosion.
  • Examples of a non-optimal operation are over or under load of the heating system or a non-optimal combustion in a combustion chamber of the heating system, for example by incorrectly set operating parameters and / or incorrectly set sensors for determining the fuel-air ratio.
  • measuring the heating system is meant the single or repeated, in particular periodic setting of operating parameters of the heating system, so that the heating system can always fulfill the specified and / or requested performance to the full extent, in particular under changing internal and external conditions, in particular during wear processes and changing boundary and environmental conditions.
  • operating parameters are to be understood as parameters which are used by the control of the heating system for controlling and monitoring processes taking place in the heating system. Examples of “operating parameters” are a blower speed or a blower speed characteristic or a flame ionization characteristic.
  • calibrating the heating system is meant in particular a calibration process in which the sensor system for measuring the fuel-air ratio is readjusted.
  • the method has the advantage that the actual fuel-air ratio is largely checked without additional emissions.
  • the fuel-air ratio is also referred to as lambda value. Only one Deviation from the intended fuel-air ratio, an error reaction is carried out in which, for example, the heating system is calibrated. In this way the pollutant emissions are reduced.
  • the method has the additional advantage that it can be carried out during normal operation of the heating system. The method is only a brief intervention in the control of the heating system, in which only small fluid supply changes are made compared to possible total fluid supply changes in the operation of the heating system.
  • the fact that the fluid supply change is produced as a function of a last signal maximum has the advantage that the fluid supply change is largely selected with an optimum size or strength. In this way, the reliability of the process is increased and emissions associated with the fluid feed change minimized.
  • this has the advantage that the correlation between the at least one combustion parameter and the fuel / air ratio, which is generally dependent on a burner output, is taken into account. In this way, the decision as to whether the error variable is taken into account and whether possibly an error reaction is carried out becomes particularly precise and reliable.
  • burner performance parameters is to be understood in particular to mean a parameter which is correlated with the power, in particular a heating power, of the heating system.
  • the power, in particular heating power of the heating system can be determined.
  • the burner performance parameter corresponds to at least one or precisely one measured value which reflects the power or can be unambiguously assigned to such a measured value.
  • a measured value may be, for example, a temperature, an air flow rate, a blower control signal or a blower speed.
  • the new fluid supply change is increased compared to a last change in fluid supply if the last signal maximum falls below the signal lower limit and / or the new fluid supply change is reduced compared to the last fluid supply change, if the last signal maximum does not fall below the lower signal limit.
  • the new signal maximum requires a new fluid supply change of a certain minimum size to assume a correct value needed to control the fuel-air ratio. This minimum size depends on operating parameters and other internal and external conditions. If the fluid supply change clearly exceeds the minimum size, a larger amount of fluid, for example fuel, is unnecessarily transported.
  • the last signal maximum exceeds the signal lower limit, the last change in fluid supply is probably too large. If the last signal maximum does not exceed the signal lower limit, the last fluid supply change is probably too small or there may be a fault condition. If, for example, the fuel-air ratio is too low, the new signal maximum will not approach the signal lower limit even by a successive increase in the new fluid supply change. It is envisaged in the procedure that too many successive underruns of Lower signal limit by the new signal maximum, for example, characterized by a sufficiently high value of the error variable or a sufficiently rapid growth of the error variable, lead to the execution of an error response. In this way, a maximum size of the new fluid supply change is limited.
  • a supply increase of the new fluid supply change in a subset of the signal lower limit by the last maximum signal from the amount is almost twice as large as a supply reduction of the new fluid supply change at a lower limit of the signal maximum by the last signal maximum.
  • a "supply increase” or “supply reduction” is a measure of the increase or decrease in the new fluid supply change in comparison to the last fluid supply change to understand.
  • the supply change may be a height difference by which a pulse representing the fluid supply change is changed in the course of time of the fluid supply parameter.
  • the size of the new fluid supply change is optimized particularly favorable.
  • the fluid supply parameter corresponds to a control signal for metering a fuel and / or the combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, in this way no measurement of the fuel and / or the combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air or a flow of these fluids needed. This simplifies the procedure and makes it robust against malfunctions.
  • the at least one combustion parameter is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame of the heating system, this is particularly advantageous, as there is an ionization current at a flame and the fuel-air ratio is a functional relationship, which is particularly favorable evaluable.
  • the method is further improved if the burner performance parameter is or depends on a fan speed.
  • the fan speed can be easily and reliably determined and provides a good estimate of the burner performance.
  • a "largely rectangular shape of the fluid supply change” is to be understood as meaning a temporal progression of the fluid supply parameter, in which the fluid supply parameter initially has a normal value. Subsequently, the fluid supply parameter is rapidly increased to a largely constant maximum supply value. Thereafter, the fluid supply characteristic is rapidly lowered to the normal value.
  • This temporal course of the fluid supply parameter has a good approximation in the form of a rectangular function.
  • Such a time profile of the fluid supply characteristic is usually referred to as a rectangular signal.
  • control unit for a heating system, wherein the control unit is adapted to carry out the inventive method for controlling a fuel-air ratio in a heating system, has the advantage that by largely preventing an incorrect adjustment of the fuel-air ratio, the Durability of the heating system is increased, malfunctions are avoided and thus safety is increased. In addition, by avoiding unnecessary calibration operations, the wear of the heating system is lowered.
  • a heating system with a control unit according to the invention with a metering device for a fuel and / or combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, as well as with an ionization probe on a flame and with a blower with variable fan speed has the advantage that in Operation of the heating system is a wrong adjustment of the fuel-air ratio is largely prevented. In this way, unforeseen, heavy loads on the heating system are avoided by, for example, too high burner temperatures and / or excessive fan speeds and / or excessive soot emissions and / or excessive vibration. This allows a cost-effective production of the heating system. In addition, fuel consumption is reduced and the life of the heating system is increased or the time interval between the required inspection intervals is reduced.
  • the heating system has at least one metering device for a fuel and / or for combustion air and / or for a mixture of a fuel and combustion air, a temporal change of a fluid supply parameter is thus particularly easy to produce.
  • a "dosing device” should be understood as meaning in particular one, in particular electrical and / or electronic, unit, in particular actuator unit, advantageous setting unit, which is provided for the at least one fluid, in particular the combustion air flow, the fuel flow and / or the mixture flow, in particular from the combustion air and the fuel to influence.
  • the at least one metering device is provided for adjusting, regulating and / or conveying a volume flow and / or a mass flow, in particular the combustion air and / or the fuel.
  • the dosing device for combustion air can advantageously be designed as a fan, in particular having a variable speed, and / or preferably as a fan, in particular a variable-speed fan.
  • the doser for Fuel may advantageously be designed as a fuel pump, in particular throughput variable, and / or preferably as a fuel valve, in particular variable in flow rate.
  • the combustion air metering device and / or the fuel metering device are intended to modulate a heating power of the heater device.
  • the heating system has an ionization probe on the flame of the heater, this realizes a particularly favorable and reliable sensor for measuring a combustion parameter.
  • Ionization detectors are commonly used in heaters for flame detection.
  • the heating system has a fan with variable fan speed, a simple and robust means for setting and determining the performance of the heater is realized in this way.
  • FIG. 1 a heater 10 is shown schematically, which is arranged in the embodiment on a memory 12.
  • the heater 10 has a housing 14 which accommodates different components depending on the degree of equipment.
  • the essential components are a heat cell 16, a control unit 18, one or more pumps 20 and piping 22, cable or bus lines 24 and holding means 26 in the heater 10.
  • the number and complexity of the individual components depends on the equipment level of the heater 10.
  • the heat cell 16 includes a burner 28, a heat exchanger 30, a blower 32, a meter 34 and an air supply system 36, an exhaust system 38 and, when the heat cell 16 is in operation, a flame 40.
  • An ionization probe 42 protrudes into the flame 40.
  • the metering device 34 is designed as a fuel valve 44.
  • a fan speed 112 of the blower 32 is variably adjustable.
  • the heater 10 and the memory 12 together form a heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 has a data memory 48, a computing unit 50 and a communication interface 52. Via the communication interface 52, the components of the heating system 46 can be controlled.
  • the communication interface 52 allows data exchange with external devices. External devices are, for example, control devices, thermostats and / or devices with computer functionality, for example smartphones.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heating system 46 with a control unit 18.
  • the control unit 18 is located outside the housing 14 of the heater 10.
  • the external control unit 18 is designed in particular variants as a room controller for the heating system 46.
  • the control unit 18 is mobile.
  • the external control unit 18 has a communication connection to the heater 10 and / or other components of the heating system 46.
  • the communication connection can be wired and / or wireless, preferably a radio connection, particularly preferably via WLAN, Z-Wave, Bluetooth and / or ZigBee.
  • the control unit 18 may consist of several components in other variants, in particular not physically connected components.
  • At least one or more components of the control unit 18 may be partially or wholly in the form of software which is executed on internal or external devices, in particular on mobile computing units, for example smartphones and tablets, or servers, in particular a cloud.
  • the communication connections are then corresponding software interfaces.
  • FIG. 2 shows the method 54 according to the invention for controlling and regulating a fuel-air ratio 56 in a heating system 46.
  • the method 54 is repeated periodically in the exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 shows an iteration of the method 54 and a first step of the following iteration (dashed rectangle).
  • a temporally new fluid supply change 60 of a fluid supply parameter 62 generated.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is selected as a function of a last signal maximum 64.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is an intended opening width 66 of the metering device 34.
  • the opening width 66 is a percentage, with an opening width 66 of 0% corresponding to a completely closed fuel valve 44 and an opening width 66 of 100% describing a fully opened fuel valve 44.
  • the control unit 18 a relationship between the opening width 66 and a necessary control signal is stored.
  • the intended opening width 66 is converted by a selection of the control signal and transmission of this control signal to the fuel valve 44 by the control unit.
  • the opening 66 describes a request that is communicated to the fuel valve 44.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is in FIG. 3 displayed.
  • the first abscissa axis 68 represents a time.
  • the ordinate axis 70 shows the fluid supply parameter 62 and an ionization flow 72.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 runs in a substantially rectangular pulse.
  • the fluid supply characteristic 62 has a normal value 74.
  • the opening width 66 is increased as quickly as possible to a maximum supply value 76 at a first time 86. Thereafter, the opening 66 is lowered to the normal value 74 as quickly as possible.
  • An in FIG. 3 Imaged new pulse height 78 is 16%.
  • An in FIG. 3 Imaged pulse width 80 is 120 ms.
  • the fluid supply change 60 is dependent on the last signal maximum 64.
  • the last signal maximum 64 is determined in each case in the preceding iteration of the method 54.
  • the last signal maximum 64 describes a maximum of the ionization current 72 in the preceding iteration of the method 54 minus the ionization current normal value 100 (see FIG FIG. 3 and description below).
  • the last one Signal maximum 64 a relative value of the ionization current 72.
  • the control unit 18 compares the last signal maximum 64 with a lower signal boundary 82.
  • the lower signal limit 82 is in the exemplary embodiment, a stored in the control unit 18 positive constant. In the exemplary embodiment, the signal lower limit 82 has the value 7 ⁇ A.
  • the signal lower limit 82 has a value between 1 ⁇ A and 20 ⁇ A, preferably 5 ⁇ A and 10 ⁇ A. If the last signal maximum 64 is smaller than the signal lower limit 82, then the new fluid supply change 60 is increased compared to a last fluid supply change 84.
  • the last fluid delivery change 84 is a fluid delivery change from the previous iteration of the method 54 (see FIG FIG. 3 ).
  • the last fluid supply change 84 runs in a substantially rectangular pulse with the pulse width 80 and a last pulse height 88. In the in FIG. 3
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is increased by a feed increase 90 compared to the last fluid supply change 84.
  • the feed increase 90 is a constant stored in the control unit 18 and has the value of a fluid supply parameter 62 or an opening width 66. In the exemplary embodiment, the feed increase 90 has a value of 4%.
  • the last pulse height 88 has a value of 12%.
  • the new pulse height 78 for the new fluid supply change 60 is determined from the sum of the last pulse height 88 and the feed increase 90.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is lowered in comparison to the last fluid supply change 84.
  • a supply reduction 92 is stored (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the supply reduction 92 is a constant with the value 2%. If the last signal maximum is not less than the lower signal limit 82, the new pulse height 78 is determined by subtracting the feed reduction 92 from the last pulse height 88.
  • a new signal maximum 96 is determined (see FIG. 2 ).
  • the new signal maximum 96 is a maximum signal of a correlated with the new Fluidzubow selectedung 60 temporal change of a combustion characteristic 98.
  • the combustion parameter 98 in the embodiment of the ionization 72.
  • the ionization 82 is determined by the ionization probe 42 to the flame 40 and transmitted to the control unit 18.
  • the time profile of the ionization current 72 has the new signal maximum 96 (see FIG. 3 and explanation below).
  • the new signal maximum 96 is a value of the ionization current 72 relative to the ionization current normal value 100.
  • the ionization current normal value 100 describes an average, largely constant value of the ionization current 72 which was not directly influenced by a fluid supply change.
  • the ionization current standard value 100 is determined, in which the average ionization current 72 measured over the pulse width 80 is determined.
  • the ionization current normal value 100 is determined as the value of the ionization current 72 at the first time 86.
  • Typical values of the ionization current normal value 100 during operation of the heating system 46 are between ten ⁇ A and 100 ⁇ A, in particular between 30 ⁇ A and 60 ⁇ A.
  • the new signal maximum 96 is determined, in which the ionization current 72 is measured over a determination time and stored in the control unit 18. The largest value of the ionization current 72 occurring within the determination time is selected minus the ionization current normal value 100 as the new signal maximum 96.
  • the determination time has the length of a stored in the control unit 18 Time threshold 102.
  • the discovery time begins to run at the first time 86 and ends at a second time 104 (see FIG FIG. 3 ).
  • the time threshold 102 is 2 seconds. In variants, a time threshold 102 between 1 second and 7 seconds is selected.
  • an error variable 108 is increased if the new signal maximum 96 falls below the signal lower limit 82.
  • the error variable 108 is a value stored in the control unit 18. In the exemplary embodiment, the error variable 108 has an integer value.
  • the error variable 108 is continued in the exemplary embodiment from iteration to iteration of the method 54. If the error variable 108 has a certain value at the end of the last step of an iteration, then the error variable 108 has the same value at the beginning of the first step of the next iteration.
  • the control unit 18 compares the new signal maximum 96 with the lower signal limit 82. If the new signal maximum 96 is smaller than the lower signal limit 82, the error variable 108 is increased by 1. If the new signal maximum 96 is greater than or equal to the lower signal limit 82, the error variable 108 is set to the value 0.
  • an error response 110 is executed.
  • the execution of the error response 110 and the type of error response 110 are dependent on the error variable 108. If the error variable 108 in the exemplary embodiment has a value less than 4, no error reaction 110 is executed.
  • the present iteration of method 54 is ended and the next iteration is performed.
  • the error variable 108 has the value 4
  • the heating system 46 is calibrated as a fault reaction 110. In this case, the heating system 46 is driven in a special operating mode, in which the sensors and Analysis, in particular the ionization probe 42 and stored in the control unit 18 characteristics, which determine a target value for controlling the opening width 66 with the ionization 72 as a controlled variable, be reset and tuned. In this way, the determination of the fuel-air ratio 56 is improved. If necessary, when calibrating heating system 46 as fault reaction 110, heating system 46 or the processes and / or processes performed by heating system 46 are at least partially reinitialized or restarted.
  • the heating system 46 is shut down as a fault reaction 110.
  • Variants of the embodiment may have the critical value of the error variable 108 for performing a calibration and / or shutting down the heating system 46 to any other values.
  • no error response 110 is executed. This allows oscillation of the new pulse height 78 and the size of the new fluid supply change 60 by an optimum value.
  • random variations in the ionization current 72 and / or changes in the ionization current 72 due to variations in internal and external conditions that typically occur during normal scheduled operation and, in particular, may not require correction by an error response 110 may be considered.
  • first a calibration of the heating system 46 is performed before the heating system 46 is shut down.
  • the new signal maximum 96 from the present iteration becomes the last maximum signal 64.
  • the new fluid change 60 from the present iteration becomes the last one Fluid delivery change 84 in the subsequent iteration.
  • the values of the new signal maximum 96 and of the new fluid supply change 60 or of the new pulse height 78 stored in the control unit 18 before the execution of a step 58 of the subsequent iteration as the last signal maximum 64 and as the last fluid supply change 84 or as the last pulse height 88 stored by the control unit 18.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the operating principle of the method 54.
  • FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the ionization flow 72 and the fuel-air ratio 56 at a constant fan speed 112 (see FIG FIG. 2 ).
  • the blower speed 112 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a blower control signal.
  • the blower control signal is sent from the control unit 18 to the blower 32 and determines a speed of the area 32.
  • the blower speed 112 is a measure of a power of the heating system 46.
  • the ordinate axis 70 plots the ionization flow 72.
  • abscissa 114 the fuel-air ratio 56 is shown.
  • the course of the ionization stream 72 has an ionization current maximum 116 at a fuel / air ratio 56 of 1.
  • the heating system 46 is operated with an excess of air, ie with a fuel-air ratio 56 greater than 1, preferably with a fuel-air ratio 56 between 1.2 and 1.4, particularly preferably with a fuel-air ratio 56 of 1.3.
  • the method 54 ensures that the heating system 46 is operated with a sufficiently high excess air.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is briefly reduced. If the fuel-air ratio 56 has a value less than or equal to 1, then the fluid supply change 60 causes the ionization flow 72 to decrease (see FIG FIG. 4 ). Thus, the new signal maximum 96 is largely 0, in particular independent of the size of the new fluid supply change 60. The signal lower limit 82 is exceeded and the error variable 108 is increased. If necessary, an error response 110 is executed.
  • the fuel-air ratio 56 is greater than 1 but close to 1.
  • the Fluidzubow shortung 60 causes an increase in the ionization current 72.
  • the new signal maximum 96 is then below the lower signal limit 82, since the Amount of the slope of the graph of the ionization current 72 in the region of the ionization current maximum 116 is low or the ionization current 72 has a flat course (see FIG. 4 ). For this reason, an increase in the new fluid supply change 60 or the new pulse height 78 does not cause a sufficient increase in the new signal maximum 96.
  • the error variable 108 is increased and finally an error response 110 is executed.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 causes a greater increase in the ionization current 72, since there the magnitude of the slope of the graph of the ionization 72 is sufficiently large.
  • the new signal maximum 96 is then greater than the lower signal limit 82 if the new fluid supply change 60 is large enough. If the new fluid supply change 60 is too small, the new signal maximum 96 may fall below the lower signal limit 82. In this case, the new fluid supply change causes 60 despite the large increase of the ionization stream 72 only a small change in the fuel-air ratio 56, so that the ionization 72 changes only slightly.
  • the error variable 108 is increased, resulting in an increase in the new pulse height 78 in the next iteration of the method 54. In this way, a sufficient size of the new fluid supply change 60 is achieved in the next iteration or in one of the subsequent iterations, so that the new signal maximum 96 does not fall below the signal lower limit 82. In the exemplary embodiment, the error variable 108 is reset to 0, since a sufficiently high fuel-air ratio 56 has been determined.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows twelve consecutive iterations of the method 54.
  • the first axis of abscissa 68 represents a time.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 and the ionization 72 are shown on the ordinate axis 70.
  • the respective new fluid supply changes 60 and associated changes in the ionization current 72 are shown schematically as vertical lines and each show the new pulse height 78 and respectively the new signal maximum 96 compared to the signal lower limit 82.
  • the new signal maximum 96 is significantly greater than the signal lower limit 82.
  • the new fluid delivery change 60 of the first iteration 118 is higher than necessary.
  • the size of the new fluid supply change 60 and the new pulse height 78 is optimized. Since the new signal maximum 96 in each case exceeds the signal lower limit 82, in the subsequent iterations the new pulse height 78 is lowered by the feed reduction 92, so that the new signal maximum 96 also decreases. In a fifth iteration 120, for the first time, the new signal maximum 96 undershoots the signal lower limit 82. In the following sixth iteration 122, the new fluid supply change 60 in FIG Compared to the last fluid supply change 84 increased by the feed increase 90. The new signal maximum 96 exceeds the signal lower limit 82. In the exemplary embodiment, the amount of supply increase 90 is twice as large as the amount of supply decrease 92. For this reason, the new fluid supply change 60 must be decreased in the two subsequent iterations until the new signal maximum 96 in FIG the eighth iteration 124 falls below the signal lower limit 82.
  • the value of the error variable 108 is checked in step 58. If the error variable 108 is 0, the new fluid supply change 60 is decreased compared to the last fluid supply change 84. If the error variable 108 has a value greater than 0, the new fluid supply change 60 is increased compared to the last fluid supply change 84. In this way, the dependence of the new fluid supply change 60 from the last signal maximum 64 to a check of the new signal maximum 96 from the previous iteration of the method 54 in the previous step 106 is returned.
  • the error variable 108 is incremented in step 106 if the new signal maximum 96 falls below the signal lower limit 82 and otherwise left constant. In step 110 and, if necessary, in step 58, it is checked in each case whether and / or how much the error variable 108 has changed in comparison with the last iteration. In further embodiments, at step 106, the error variable 108 is incremented by any value other than 1. In such embodiments, the corresponding limits for the error variable 108 are adjusted to determine a respective error response 110, respectively. It is conceivable that a magnitude of the increase of the error variable 108 depends on a measure of a deviation of the new signal maximum 96 from the signal lower limit 82.
  • the new fluid delivery change 60 and / or the lower signal limit 82 depend on a burner performance parameter 126, such as the fan speed 112.
  • the pulse width 80 depends on the burner performance parameter 126.
  • the pulse width 80 increases linearly with the fan speed 112. Between a minimum fan speed and a maximum fan speed, the pulse width 80 assumes values in an interval between 50 ms and 200 ms.
  • the new pulse height 78 depends at least in part on the burner performance parameter 126. For example, in step 58, first a provisional pulse height can be determined as a function of the fan speed 112. In particular embodiments, the preliminary pulse height increases linearly with the Blower speed 112 on.
  • the preliminary pulse height assumes values at an interval between 5% and 25%, preferably between 10% and 20%.
  • the new pulse height 78 is determined from the provisional pulse height as a function of the last signal maximum 64. It is conceivable, for example, that the control unit 18 determines a value by comparing the last signal maximum 64 with the lower signal limit 82, which value is added to the provisional pulse height or subtracted therefrom to determine the new pulse height 78. It is also conceivable that the control unit 18 by a comparison of the last signal maximum 64 with the signal lower limit 82, a factor, in particular greater or less than one, determined, which is multiplied to determine the new pulse height 78 with the provisional pulse height.
  • the control unit 18 determines the new fluid supply change 60 or the new pulse height 78 and the pulse width 80 as a function of the burner output parameter 126 and the last signal maximum 64.
  • a fluid supply change function can be stored in the control unit 18, which assigns the new fluid supply change 60 or the new pulse height 78 and pulse width 80 to the last signal maximum 64 and the fan speed 112 or the burner output parameter 126 as input parameters.
  • the fluid supply change function can be experimentally determined in laboratory experiments.
  • the fluid feed change function may be in the form of a map which divides the ranges of the fan speed 112 and the burner power parameter 126 and the new pulse height 78 into intervals at least and associates the appropriate new fluid supply change 60 with these intervals.
  • the fluid supply change function may also be an analytical, in particular rational, function. It is conceivable that the fluid supply change function on a self learning or intelligent algorithm based, for example, on an artificial neural network.
  • the signal lower limit 82 has a constant value. In alternative embodiments, it is conceivable that the signal lower limit depends on the burner performance parameter 126. In particular embodiments, the signal lower limit 82 is selected depending on the fan speed 112. For example, the signal lower limit 82 may be selected in proportion to the negative fan speed 112. In this way, a higher signal noise of the ionization current 72 at low fan speed 112 is taken into account.
  • the lower signal limit 82 may assume values between 1 ⁇ A and 10 ⁇ A between a maximum fan speed and a minimum fan speed. Typically, in a control mode, a lower signal limit 82 is selected between 3 ⁇ A and 7 ⁇ A.
  • the choice of the dependence of the signal lower limit 82 of the fan speed 112 and the burner performance parameter 126 depends on the technical characteristics of the heating system 46, in particular on a dependence of the signal noise of the ionization 72 and the combustion parameter 98 of the fan speed 112 and the Burner power parameter 126.
  • 112 resonances occur at certain fan speeds, which increase the signal noise of the ionization 72.
  • the new signal maximum 96 is determined as a relative value of the ionization current 72 with respect to the ionization current normal value 100.
  • the new signal maximum 96 may be an absolute value of the ionization current 72.
  • the signal lower limit 82 is determined in dependence on the ionization current normal value 100.
  • a threshold value can be stored in the control unit 18, from which the signal lower limit 82 is determined in total with the ionization current normal value 100.
  • the signal lower limit 82 is redetermined in each iteration of the method 54 and, if necessary, in individual steps of the method 54.
  • the threshold value may depend on one or more operating parameters, in particular on a burner output parameter 126, in particular on the fan speed 112.
  • the signal lower limit 82 is determined by multiplying the ionization current standard value 100 by the threshold value.
  • the threshold has a value greater than 1, preferably between 1.01 and 1.2, more preferably between 1.05 and 1.1.
  • the signal lower limit is determined as a function of the current setpoint value for the ionization flow 72.
  • the desired value is derived as a function of the desired fuel / air ratio 56 and the fan speed 112 from characteristics stored in the control unit 18 (see description of the error reaction 110 above).
  • the signal lower limit 82 can be determined by multiplying the setpoint value by a threshold value or adding it to a threshold value.
  • a signal lower limit function can be stored in the control unit 18, which assigns the signal lower limit 82 to the ionization current standard value 100 and / or the desired value and / or the fan speed 112 as input parameter.
  • the lower limit function can be experimentally determined in laboratory experiments.
  • the lower limit function may be in the form of a map or table containing the Value range or the value ranges ionisationsstromnormalwert 100 and / or the setpoint and / or the fan speed 112 at least divided into intervals and these intervals the appropriate lower limit signal 82 assigns.
  • the signal lower limit function can also be an analytical, in particular rational function. It is conceivable that the signal lower limit function is based on a self-learning or intelligent algorithm, for example on an artificial neural network.
  • the increase or decrease of the new fluid supply change 60 compared to the last fluid supply change 84 is implemented by increasing or decreasing the new pulse height 78 compared to the last pulse height 88.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is increased or decreased compared to the last fluid supply change 84, in which a new pulse width is increased or decreased compared to a last pulse width.
  • other parameters characterizing the new fluid supply change 60 may be changed in order to increase or decrease the new fluid supply change 60.
  • an incline of the ramp may be increased or decreased.
  • several different parameters characterizing the new fluid supply change 60 are varied, for example the new pulse height 78 and a new pulse width.
  • the feed increase 90 has the constant value 4% and the feed reduction 92 the constant value 2%.
  • the supply increase 90 and / or the supply reduction 92 have other values, which may be adapted in particular to the technical properties of the heating system 46.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is determined by a relative or percentage increase or decrease of the last fluid supply change 84.
  • the new pulse height 78 may be determined by a percentage increase or decrease in the last pulse height 88.
  • the feed boost 90 may be 1.2 and the feed reduction 92 may be 0.8.
  • the new pulse height 78 is determined as the product of the last pulse height 88 with the feed increase 90 if the last signal maximum 64 falls below the signal lower limit 82.
  • the new pulse height 78 is determined as the product of the last pulse height 88 with the feed reduction 92 if the last signal maximum 64 does not fall below the signal lower limit 82.
  • the delivery increase 90 and / or the delivery effect 92 depend on operating parameters of the heating system 46, in particular on the burner performance parameter 126, more preferably on the fan speed 112.
  • changes in operating condition or power demand to the heating system 46 may quickly occur or with a few iterations of the method 54, a new largely optimal new fluid supply change 60 can be determined.
  • the increase or decrease of the new fluid supply change 60 compared to a last fluid supply change 84 is dependent on how much the last signal maximum 64 differs from the lower signal limit 82. It is particularly advantageous if the size of the increase or decrease in the new fluid supply change 60 in the Compared to a last change in the fluid supply 84, the greater the magnitude of the difference between the last signal maximum 64 and the lower signal limit 82. In this way, strong deviations of the last signal maximum 64 from the lower signal limit 82 can be corrected quickly or with a few iterations of the method 54. Small deviations of the last signal maximum 64 from the signal lower limit 82 allow a precise optimization of the new fluid supply change 60 by small changes in the new fluid supply change 60.
  • the supply increase 90 and / or the feed reduction 92 can be linearly the amount of the difference between the last signal maximum 64 and the signal lower limit 82 depend.
  • the advantageous case occurs in which the new fluid supply change 60 of the last Fluidzubow short 84 is largely equal when the last maximum signal 64 of the signal lower limit 82 is substantially equal.
  • a minimum new fluid supply change and a maximum new fluid supply change are stored in the control unit 18.
  • a new fluid supply change 60 is made which does not exceed the minimum new fluid supply change and does not exceed the maximum new fluid supply change. In this way, it is ensured that the new fluid supply change 60 is large enough to control the fuel-air ratio 56, and that the new fluid supply change 60 is not too large.
  • the feed increase 90 is substantially twice as large as the feed counterbore 92.
  • the feed increment 90 is greater than the feed reduction 92 by an amount which is between 1 and 10, preferably between 2 and 8, more preferably between 4 and 6.
  • the last signal maximum 64 is a signal maximum of the immediately preceding iteration of the method 54 (see FIG FIG. 3 ).
  • the last signal maximum 64 is a signal maximum, which is in a 2 to 6, preferably 3 or 4 past iterations of the method 54. It is also conceivable that the last maximum signal 64 takes into account a plurality of signal maxima from previous iterations, for example, an average signal maximum the last 2 to 3 iterations of the method 54.
  • the feed increment 90 is greater than the feed reduction 92 by the amount by a factor of 4, and the final signal maximum 64 is the signal maximum of the penultimate iteration of the method 54.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a desired or intended opening width 66 of the fuel valve 44. Based on the intended opening width 66, the control unit 18 sends a control signal determined and transmitted to the fuel valve 44.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 is a control signal to the fuel valve 44 or a scalar value derivable from the control signal.
  • the fluid supply parameter 62 corresponds to a control signal for dosing a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and a combustion air.
  • the control signal sent by the control unit 18 is composed of at least one control command to at least one metering device 34.
  • the at least one doser 34 is at least one fuel valve 44 and / or at least one blower 32.
  • a dosage value of the doser 34 is measured and used as the fluid supply characteristic 62.
  • "dosing value” is to be understood as a characteristic value which describes the state of the dosing device 34 and allows conclusions to be drawn about the amount of substance supplied and / or allowed to pass through the dosing device 34.
  • An example of a dosage value is a measured opening width of the fuel valve 44 and / or a measured fuel flow.
  • the combustion parameter 98 is an ionization stream 72.
  • the ionization stream 72 is determined by an ionization current measurement on a flame 40 of the heating system 46.
  • the ionization current 72 is determined by the ionization probe 42 and transmitted to the control unit 18.
  • the combustion parameter 98 is a light intensity, a lambda value, a pollutant emission and / or a temperature.
  • the light intensity at the flame 40 is determined by a photodiode.
  • the lambda value is measured with a lambda probe in an exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust system 38 has the lambda probe.
  • the pollutant emission is determined by a sensor device, which is located on the flame 40 and / or in the exhaust system 38.
  • the temperature is determined by a contact thermometer and / or a non-contact thermometer, in particular a pyrometer determined. The thermometer may be located in the exhaust system 38 and / or the flame 40 measured.
  • the burner power parameter 126 is the fan speed 112.
  • the fan speed 112 is a characteristic value determined by the control unit 18, which determines a fan control signal.
  • the burner performance parameter 126 is a measured fan speed and / or a temperature and / or an air flow rate and / or a flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • the air flow rate or the flow rate of the air-fuel mixture can be determined as a volume flow or as a mass flow.
  • the burner performance parameter 126 is a transit time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air.
  • a mass flow and / or a volume flow of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air allow a particularly accurate estimation of the burner power.
  • a transit time is determined as the time difference between the new fluid supply change 60 and the change in the combustion characteristic 98 which is correlated with the new fluid supply change 60.
  • the transit time corresponds to the time it takes for the mixture of fuel and combustion air to pass from the fuel valve 44 to the ionization probe 42.
  • the transit time is a measure of a flow rate of the air-fuel mixture.
  • a transit time of a combustion air and / or a mixture of a fuel and combustion air can be determined particularly easily and inexpensively.
  • These parameters may also be used in combination around a burner performance parameter 126 to determine or define. In this case, the temperature in the exhaust system 38 and / or from the flame 40 can be determined.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 has a substantially rectangular shape.
  • the new fluid supply change 60 is largely in the form of a ramp and / or a triangular shape and / or substantially the shape of a sine and / or largely Gaussian and / or largely the shape of a Dirac pulse.
  • a "Dirac pulse” is to be understood as a fluid supply change in which the fluid supply parameter 62 is increased from the normal value 74 to the maximum supply value 76 as quickly as possible and is subsequently lowered to the normal value 74 as quickly as possible.
  • the fluid supply change function determines a form of the new fluid supply change 60.
  • the fluid supply change function assigns the new fluid supply change 60 to at least the last maximum signal 64 and the burner output parameter 126 and optionally other operating parameters.
  • an optimized form of the new fluid supply change 60 can be selected in particular for each operating state. For example, it is possible that in low power ranges a Dirac pulse as a new Fluidzubow shortung 60 is particularly advantageous, for example, because the heating system 46 is not disturbed too much in its normal operation, while in larger power ranges a rectangular shape is cheaper because the determination of new signal maximum is simplified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
EP17187664.2A 2016-09-02 2017-08-24 Procédé de commande d'un rapport air-combustible dans un système de chauffage et unité de commande et système de chauffage Active EP3290801B1 (fr)

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DE102017204009.2A DE102017204009A1 (de) 2016-09-02 2017-03-10 Verfahren zur Kontrolle eines Brennstoff-Luft-Verhältnisses in einem Heizsystem sowie eine Steuereinheit und ein Heizsystem

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4549817A1 (fr) * 2023-11-02 2025-05-07 Bosch Termotecnologia S.A. Procédé d'étalonnage et dispositif de brûleur

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4545853A1 (fr) * 2023-10-27 2025-04-30 Bosch Termotecnologia S.A. Procédé et dispositif de brûleur

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DE10300602A1 (de) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-31 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
DE102004004065A1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur vorbeugenden Fehlererkennung bei elektronisch geregelten oder gesteuerten Geräten
EP2014985A2 (fr) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
DE102010055567A1 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners

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DE10300602A1 (de) * 2002-01-17 2003-07-31 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung eines Gasbrenners
DE102004004065A1 (de) * 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Vaillant Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur vorbeugenden Fehlererkennung bei elektronisch geregelten oder gesteuerten Geräten
EP2014985A2 (fr) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-14 Vaillant GmbH Procédé de réglage du rapport air/carburant d'un brûleur fonctionnant au gaz
DE102010055567A1 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Stabilisierung eines Betriebsverhaltens eines Gasgebläsebrenners

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4549817A1 (fr) * 2023-11-02 2025-05-07 Bosch Termotecnologia S.A. Procédé d'étalonnage et dispositif de brûleur

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