EP3297776B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines ultrafeinkörnigen flachen metallobjekts - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines ultrafeinkörnigen flachen metallobjekts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3297776B1
EP3297776B1 EP16757278.3A EP16757278A EP3297776B1 EP 3297776 B1 EP3297776 B1 EP 3297776B1 EP 16757278 A EP16757278 A EP 16757278A EP 3297776 B1 EP3297776 B1 EP 3297776B1
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section
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French (fr)
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EP3297776A1 (de
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Yakiv BEYGELZIMER
Laszlo Toth
Jean-Jacques FUNDENBERGER
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Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine
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Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/001—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/02—Making uncoated products
    • B21C23/04—Making uncoated products by direct extrusion
    • B21C23/06—Making sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C25/00—Profiling tools for metal extruding
    • B21C25/02—Dies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of forming a flat object such as a sheet with a material having an ultrafine grain structure.
  • references in brackets ([]) refer to the list of references at the end of the text.
  • the ability to produce objects with an ultra-fine grain metal material is well established with severe plastic deformation methods such as equal-section angular extrusion, multi-axis deformation, extrusion-torsion, high-pressure twisting or rolling. multipass. Reducing the size of the grains to sub-micrometers or nanoscale sizes has the effect of giving the metallic material a high yield strength, satisfactory ductility, good resistance to fatigue, low temperatures and wear. This has been observed with many metals or metal alloys, whether steels, alloys based on titanium, aluminum, magnesium or lithium.
  • microstructural changes are induced by very large plastic deformations imposed on a sample, a factor often greater than 3.
  • the sample is pressed against a rough wall and rotated to a stop wall where it undergoes deformation by being pushed radially.
  • a continuous shearing process is shown by publications [7] and [8] in which continuous web material is forced by a pair of rolls into a die with a side exit.
  • the document [10] proposes a method in which part of an original part is cut on the surface and channeled in a radial space. Such a method does not make it possible to control the static pressure on the material and cracks can be created along sliding planes.
  • Document [11] shows an extrusion process whose output is not symmetrical. Such a method does not achieve high levels of deformation.
  • the aim of the invention is to propose a method for producing parts having an ultrafine grain microstructure, obtained by plastic deformation severe, which is quick to implement and can be implemented with moderate efforts.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for forming a part in which a metallic material undergoes severe plastic deformation in order to confer on it an ultra-fine grain structure, into which a bar of said material is introduced into a matrix in an insertion direction, the matrix having an entry area with a cross-section with the section of the bar and an exit zone, the exit zone being oriented in a lateral exit direction with respect to the direction method for extracting the transformed material, the method being characterized in that, the matrix having an extrusion zone having the same direction as the input zone and of smaller size than the input zone in the exit direction in a ratio between 0.75 and 1 excluded, a transition zone comprising a transition face downstream of the exit zone and making the transition between the zone of In the extrusion zone, the extrusion zone is extruded, the transition face creating a pressure to push a portion of the material through the exit zone and extracting the converted material into sheet form.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain a very fine product even starting from a bar of large section.
  • the efforts to provide are relatively limited since it is not necessary to deform the entire section of the bar, but only a part.
  • the deformations obtained are of a great magnitude, so that the sheet obtained does not need to be worked again: an ultrafine grain structure is obtained directly.
  • the process can be applied to many metallic materials. For example, pure metals or metal alloys, whether steels, alloys based on titanium, aluminum, magnesium or lithium, are used.
  • this back pressure causes a increasing the hydrostatic pressure at the transition zone, which more surely ensures that the material flows towards the exit zone. It constitutes an additional parameter of the process on which one can act to implement the method.
  • the process according to the invention does not occur if certain conditions are not met. In particular, it would be possible to obtain a simple extrusion without the material flowing towards the exit zone if the hydrostatic pressure is not sufficient.
  • the conditions described above are sufficient to ensure, even in the absence of back pressure, that the material flows to the exit zone to form the sheet. This relationship shows the conditions are more conducive if the reduction ratio ⁇ decreases, if the angle ⁇ increases or if the ratio t decreases.
  • the sheet forming method according to the invention is implemented in a tool comprising a die 1 and a first piston 2 for pushing a bar 3 in the die 1.
  • the bar 3 is made of a metal material with which it is desired to manufacture the sheet 4 after its structural transformation to obtain an ultrafine grain structure.
  • Matrix 1 shown on the figure 1 in longitudinal section in an insertion direction, comprises an inlet zone 11 adapted to receive a bar 3 of said material in the insertion direction F, a transition zone 12, an exit zone 13 and an extrusion zone 14.
  • the exit zone 13 is oriented in a direction of lateral exit with respect to the introduction direction F.
  • the extrusion zone 14 is in the extension of the entry zone 11, but with a dimension, considered as a lower height on the side of the exit zone 13.
  • the respective heights of the extrusion zone 14 and the inlet zone 11 are in a ratio between 0.75 and 1 excluded.
  • the section is rectangular, the different areas of the matrix 1 having an equal width in the direction perpendicular to the cutting plane.
  • the transition zone 12 has a transition face 120 downstream of the output zone 13 by making the transition between the input zone 11 and the extrusion zone 14.
  • the transition face 120 is inclined at an angle ⁇ compared to the direction of introduction F.
  • the first piston 2 has substantially the same section as the input zone 11 and is adapted to push the bar 3 in the introduction direction F through the matrix 1.
  • the bar 3 also has a section adjusted to that of the zone 11.
  • the bar 3 is introduced through the inlet zone 11, the first piston 2 is actuated, the bar 3 is extruded through the extrusion zone 14 at the same time as a sheet metal is extracted. 4 by a portion of the material of the bar 3 which flows through the exit zone 13.
  • the first piston 2 By forcing the passage of the bar 3 with a force F, the first piston 2 induces the passage of the initial thickness H 0 of the bar 3 at a reduced height of H 0 -h. In the transition zone 12, a large pressure is induced so that the outer portion of the bar 3 flows into the exit zone 13 and forms the sheet 4 with a thickness 2a. In fluent, the material undergoes severe plastic deformation, which gives it the desired ultrafine grain structure properties.
  • two cases are considered: two fields of kinematically admissible speed, one which simulates the direct extrusion through the matrix 1 (towards the zone of extrusion 14), shown in the figure 3 , the other with the formation of the sheet 4, shown on the figure 4 .
  • the tooling is completed by a second piston 5 adapted to exert a back pressure on the end of the bar 3 in the extrusion zone 14.
  • the force exerted by the second piston is named F bp .
  • P at k - 2 + m sin ⁇ ⁇ ln 1 - ⁇ + tan ⁇ ⁇ + P bp k + w fr kH 0 V 0
  • P b k ⁇ 2 + t 2 2 ⁇ t + 2 ⁇ t 1 + t 2 + t + cot ⁇ + P bp 1 - ⁇ k + w fr kV 0 H 0
  • P bp F bp / s
  • s is the section of the extrusion zone 14.
  • ⁇ ' ⁇ 2 + t 2 2 ⁇ t + 2 ⁇ t 1 + t 2 + t + cot ⁇ + P bp 1 - ⁇ k - 2 + m sin ⁇ ⁇ ln 1 - ⁇ + tan ⁇ ⁇ + P bp k .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Verfahren zum Bilden eines Stücks, bei dem ein metallisches Material eine starke plastische Verformung erfährt, um ihm eine Struktur mit ultrafeinen Körnern zu verleihen, wobei eine Stange (3) des Materials in ein Gesenk (1) entlang einer Einführungsrichtung (F) eingeführt wird, wobei das Gesenk (1) eine Eingangszone (11) mit einem Querschnitt umfasst, der mit dem Querschnitt der Stange (3) übereinstimmt, und eine Ausgangszone (13), wobei die Ausgangszone (13) in eine seitliche Ausgangsrichtung bezüglich der Einführungsrichtung (F) ausgerichtet ist, um das umgewandelte Material herauszunehmen, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass, da das Gesenk (1) eine Extrusionszone (14) umfasst, die dieselbe Richtung aufweist wie die Eingangszone (11) und mit geringerem Maß als die Eingangszone (11) in die Ausgangsrichtung in einem Verhältnis, das zwischen 0,75 und 1 ausgeschlossen liegt, wobei eine Übergangszone (12) eine Übergangsfläche (120) stromabwärts der Ausgangszone umfasst (13) und den Übergang zwischen der Eingangszone (11) und der Extrusionszone (14) ausführt, die Stange (3) durch die Extrusionszone (14) extrudiert wird, wobei die Übergangsfläche (120) einen Druck schafft, um einen Teil des Materials durch die Ausgangszone (13) zu drücken, und das umgewandelte Material in Blechform (4) herauszunehmen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei außerdem ein Gegendruck in der Extrusionszone (14) ausgeübt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Gesenk (1) ausgewählt ist, damit: χ = Ψ 2 + t 2 2 ⁢ t + 2 ⁢ t 1 + t 2 + t + cot α − 2 + m sin α ln 1 − Ψ + tan α ≤ 1
    Figure imgb0020
     wobei:
    ψ das Querschnittreduktionsverhältnis zwischen dem Ausgangsquerschnitt und dem Eingangsquerschnitt ist;
    α der Winkel zwischen der Einführungsrichtung (F) und der Übergangsfläche (120) ist;
    t = a/h, wobei 2a die Breite der Ausgangszone (13) ist und h der Maßunterschied zwischen der Eingangszone (11) und der Ausgangssonne (13) ist; und
    m der Reibungskoeffizient zwischen dem Material und der Übergangsfläche (120) ist.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, wobei das Gesenk (1) und der Gegendruck ausgewählt sind, damit: χ ′ = ψ 2 + t 2 2 ⁢ t + 2 ⁢ t 1 + t 2 + t + cot α + P bp 1 − Ψ k − 2 + m sin α l ⁢ n 1 − Ψ + tan α + P bp k ≤ 1
    Figure imgb0021
     wobei:
    ψ das Querschnittreduktionsverhältnis zwischen dem Ausgangsquerschnitt und dem Eingangsquerschnitt ist;
    α der Winkel zwischen der Einführungsrichtung (F) und der Übergangsfläche (120) ist;
    t = a/h, wobei 2a die Breite der Ausgangszone (13) ist und h der Maßunterschied zwischen der Eingangszone (11) und der Ausgangssonne (13) ist; und
    m der Reibungskoeffizient zwischen dem Material und der Übergangsfläche (120) ist;
    Pbp der Gegendruck ist; und
    k die Scherelastizitätsgrenze des Materials ist.
EP16757278.3A 2015-07-24 2016-07-19 Verfahren zur herstellung eines ultrafeinkörnigen flachen metallobjekts Not-in-force EP3297776B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1557031A FR3039084B1 (fr) 2015-07-24 2015-07-24 Procede de formation d'un objet plat metallique a grains ultrafins
PCT/FR2016/051847 WO2017017341A1 (fr) 2015-07-24 2016-07-19 Procédé de formation d'un objet plat métallique à grains ultrafins

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EP3297776A1 EP3297776A1 (de) 2018-03-28
EP3297776B1 true EP3297776B1 (de) 2019-07-03

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GB1447768A (en) * 1973-01-24 1976-09-02 British Steel Corp Production of metal strip
JP2005000996A (ja) * 2003-05-16 2005-01-06 Susumu Mizunuma 材料のねじり据え込み側方押出し法およびその装置
US7191630B2 (en) * 2003-07-25 2007-03-20 Engineered Performance Materials Co., Llc Method and apparatus for equal channel angular extrusion of flat billets
US7152448B2 (en) * 2004-12-16 2006-12-26 Los Alamos National Security, Llc Continuous equal channel angular pressing
US7617750B2 (en) * 2006-12-06 2009-11-17 Purdue Research Foundation Process of producing nanocrystalline bodies
KR101066817B1 (ko) * 2010-05-18 2011-09-23 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 비대칭 압출방법, 이에 따라 제조된 압출재, 비대칭 압출용 다이스 및 비대칭 압출장치
AU2012283755A1 (en) * 2011-07-11 2014-01-23 Cecap Pty Ltd Apparatus and method for producing shear deformation

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FR3039084A1 (fr) 2017-01-27
FR3039084B1 (fr) 2017-08-11
EP3297776A1 (de) 2018-03-28

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