EP3302793A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines bismut und wolfram enthaltenden multielementoxids durch co-präzipitation - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines bismut und wolfram enthaltenden multielementoxids durch co-präzipitationInfo
- Publication number
- EP3302793A1 EP3302793A1 EP16726299.7A EP16726299A EP3302793A1 EP 3302793 A1 EP3302793 A1 EP 3302793A1 EP 16726299 A EP16726299 A EP 16726299A EP 3302793 A1 EP3302793 A1 EP 3302793A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- tungsten
- volume
- mixture
- oxide
- Prior art date
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
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- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
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- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
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- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/31—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten combined with bismuth
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- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/84—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/85—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
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- B01J23/8885—Tungsten containing also molybdenum
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- B01J37/0009—Use of binding agents; Moulding; Pressing; Powdering; Granulating; Addition of materials ameliorating the mechanical properties of the product catalyst
- B01J37/0027—Powdering
- B01J37/0045—Drying a slurry, e.g. spray drying
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- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/33—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties
- C07C45/34—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds
- C07C45/35—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of CHx-moieties in unsaturated compounds in propene or isobutene
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/14—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/186—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J27/188—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with chromium, molybdenum, tungsten or polonium
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of shaped catalyst bodies which contain as active composition a bismuth and tungsten-containing multielement oxide.
- Multielement oxides which in addition to bismuth and tungsten contain other elements, such as molybdenum and iron, are used as catalysts for the gas phase oxidation of alkenes to unsaturated aldehydes, in particular the gas phase oxidation of propene to acrolein.
- Acrolein is further oxidized to acrylic acid, which is an important feedstock in the chemical industry.
- No. 4,537,874 discloses a process in which aqueous bismuth nitrate solution is mixed with ammonia and the resulting precipitate is filtered off and washed. The precipitate is mixed with tungsten trioxide, dried and calcined. The bismuth tungsten oxide thus obtained is mixed with a pulverulent mixture of further constituents, shaped into pellets and calcined.
- WO 2007/042369 describes a process for the preparation of
- Mixtures containing mixed oxide catalysts mixed produces coprecipitates, isolated the resulting solid, dried, calcined and optionally deformed.
- the mixed oxide catalysts are used to prepare aldehydes and acids by oxidation of olefins or methylated aromatics with air or oxygen.
- Spray drying is a preferred method of preparing the bismuth tungsten oxide precursor because the homogeneous distribution of bismuth and tungsten in the aqueous mixture is fixed by the sudden removal of water. During calcining, it is then possible to obtain a phase of the desired stoichiometry, which is largely free of foreign phases.
- Spray-drying is an energy-consuming process, which also requires a special spray-drying plant. It is therefore desirable to have alternative production routes. It is generally known to produce multielement oxide compositions by co-precipitation, whereby mixed solutions of water-soluble compounds of the elemental constituents are mixed with alkali and a precipitate of a mixed hydroxide and / or oxide is obtained.
- Bismuth oxide is an amphoteric oxide.
- the precipitation can lead to inhomogeneous precipitation products, wherein z. B. phases with more than stoichiometric tungsten content in addition to tungsten poorer phases or pure bismuth oxide can form.
- bismuth and tungsten oxides tend to precipitate in finely divided and / or difficult to filter form.
- the invention has for its object to provide a method which avoids the problems described above.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of shaped catalyst bodies which contain as active composition a multielement oxide of general stoichiometry I, [BhW b Ox] a [Moi 2 Z 1 cZ 2 dF ee Z 3 f Z 4 g Z 5 hO y ] i (I) With
- Z 1 one element or more than one element from the group consisting of nickel and cobalt,
- Z 2 one element or more than one element from the group consisting of the alkali metals, the alkaline earth metals,
- Z 3 one element or more than one element from the group consisting of zinc, phosphorus, arsenic, boron, antimony, tin, cerium, vanadium, chromium and bismuth
- Z 4 one element or more than one element from the group consisting of silicon, aluminum, titanium, tungsten and zirconium,
- x, y numbers determined by the valence and frequency of the elements other than oxygen in I, wherein a mixed oxide B WbOx is used and the precursor of the mixed oxide BhWbOx is a co-precipitate from an aqueous environment at a pH in Range of 1, 5 to 3, vorzugtical, 5 to 2.5, in particular about 2, and a separation of the precipitate by a mechanical separation method.
- Z 1 is preferred in the process according to the invention exclusively Co.
- Z 2 in the process according to the invention is preferably K, Cs and / or Sr, more preferably K.
- Z 4 is preferably Si in the process according to the invention.
- the stoichiometric coefficient a is advantageously 1.0 to 2.0.
- the stoichiometric coefficient b is advantageously 0.5 to 4 or 3, more preferably 1 to 2.5, and most preferably 1.5 to 2.5.
- the stoichiometric coefficient c is preferably 3 to 8, particularly advantageously 4 to 7 and very particularly advantageously 5 to 6.
- the stoichiometric coefficient d is advantageously 0.02 to 2 and particularly advantageously 0.03 to 1 or 0.05 to 0, 5th
- the stoichiometric coefficient e is advantageously 0.1 to 4.5, preferably 0.5 to 4 and particularly preferably 1 to 4 or 2 to 4.
- the stoichiometric coefficient g is preferably> 0 to 10, more preferably 0.1 to 8 or 0.2 to 7, even more preferably 0.3 to 6 or 0.4 to 5, and most preferably 0.5 to 3 or 1 to 3.
- the stoichiometric coefficients h and f can both be 0 at the same time, but can also independently of 0 assume different values.
- the fraction contains [Mo? Z 'C Z 2 (! Fe ö Z 3 fZ 4 B Z 5 h Oy] no Bi.
- is at least one source of the element Bi and at least one source of the element W are intimately mixed with one another in an aqueous medium and have a pH in the range from 1.5 to 3, preferably from 5 to 2.5, in particular about 2, to adjust.
- an aqueous preparation of a bismuth source having a pH of from 1.5 to 3, preferably from 1.5 to 2.5, in particular about 2, is present, an aqueous preparation is added to a tungsten source and keeps the pH of the mixture during the addition of the tungsten source in the range of 1, 5 to 3, preferably 1, 5 to 2.5, in particular about 2.
- Suitable sources of Bi and W are in principle those compounds which are already oxides of these elements, or compounds which can be converted into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of molecular oxygen.
- the bismuth source used is preferably water-soluble bismuth salts, such as nitrates, carbonates, hydroxides and / or acetates. It is preferable to use tungsten acid and / or tungsten oxide as the tungsten source.
- the tungstic acid which is essentially insoluble in water, is preferably used as finely divided powder whose dgo, in terms of application, is expediently .ltoreq.5 or .ltoreq.2 .mu.m, preferably from 0.1 to 1 .mu.m.
- the tungstic acid is suitably added in the form of an aqueous slurry.
- Sodium tungstate is another tungsten source.
- the sources of Bi and W are in completely dissolved form. It is also possible to start from aqueous slurries of the sources of Bi and / or W. The co-precipitation is carried out while redissolving the incompletely dissolved source of Bi and / or W.
- the adjustment of the pH in the stated range is carried out by adding suitable amounts of an acid or base, preferably in the form of an aqueous solution. If tungsten acid and / or tungsten oxide is used as the tungsten source, the pH of the mixture during the addition of the tungsten source by addition of a base is kept in the range from 1.5 to 3, preferably 1.5 to 2.5, in particular about 2.
- Suitable bases are alkali metal hydroxide, such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, or alkali metal (hydrogen) carbonates, such as sodium carbonate.
- alkali metal hydroxide solutions of a concentration of 5 to 40 wt .-%, preferably 12 to
- the addition of the tungsten source and the addition of the base are carried out with suitable mixing, for. B. with stirring.
- the co-precipitation is usually carried out at a temperature of 10 C to 90 C, preferably at room temperature.
- the pressure is not critical and is preferably ambient pressure.
- hydrothermal conditions may also be used.
- the addition of the aqueous preparation of a tungsten source to a presented preparation of a bismuth source is preferably distributed in time, z. B. over a period of 1 to 40 minutes, in particular 10 to 30 minutes. After completion of the addition, the suspension obtained is preferably stirred, z. B. over a period of 1 to 5 hours, in particular 2 to 4 hours. It is characteristic of the process according to the invention that the separation of the precipitate takes place by a mechanical separation process.
- the mechanical separation process is z. B.
- Suitable filter elements include, for. As nonwovens, felts or sintered plates. Also suitable are filter cloths, which are inserted into filtration devices such as filter presses or centrifuges.
- filter cloths for chamber filter presses have two filter cloth halves to be arranged in parallel. They are thus placed on the individual filter plates of the filter presses. caused the two filter cloth halves to cover opposite faces of the filter plates. Several such filter plates covered with filter cloths are then pressed together. The suspension to be filtered is pumped into the cavity between the wipes and, leaving behind the filter cake, flows into the draining chamber behind the wipes and flows outward therefrom.
- the precipitate is washed salt-free with a suitable washing liquid.
- the washing liquid is usually deionized water.
- the washing can be done by slurrying in the washing liquid and decanting.
- the slurrying in the washing liquid and decanting can preferably be repeated one or more times.
- the washing may be carried out by flowing a filter cake of the precipitate with the washing liquid.
- the success of the washing can be traced by measuring the conductivity of the used washing liquid.
- the precipitate is considered to be salt-free when deionized water (pH 7.0) equilibrated with the washed precipitate (eg 1 L of water on 500 g of precipitate, calculated as dry mass of oxide) has a conductivity at 25 C of less than 800 pS has.
- the precipitate is then dried in a conventional manner, for. B. in a drying oven, tray oven, rotary dryer or the like.
- the resulting dry matter is calcined at temperatures in the range of 400 to 900 ° C (preferably 600 to 900 ° C and more preferably 700 to 900 ° C) (thermally treated).
- the thermal treatment usually takes place in the air stream (for example in a rotary kiln, as described in DE-A 103 25 487).
- the calcine obtained thereby is comminuted to obtain a finely divided starting material.
- the particle diameter d 50 is preferably 2.9 to 3.6 ⁇ m (unless stated otherwise, the particle size data refer to the values determined in aqueous suspension without preceding ultrasonic treatment by laser diffraction).
- the division of the calcined mixed oxide to a desired particle diameter will normally be effected by milling in mills. If necessary, the material to be ground is subsequently classified to the desired degree of division.
- application technology advantageous with the addition of up to 20 wt .-% of water anieret and z. B.
- Preferred mixed oxides BiiWbOx formed beforehand in the process according to the invention are the mixed oxides BiiW 2 , 5 0 9 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 O 9 -1, 5 W0 3 ), BiiW 3 Oio, 5 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 0 9 -2 W0 3 ), BiiW 4 0i3, 5 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 0 9 -3 W0 3 ), BiiW 0 , 5 O 3 , BiiWi0 4 , 5 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 0 9 ) BiiW 2 0 7 , 5 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 0 9 -1 W0 3 ) and BiiWi, 5 0 6 (1/2 Bi 2 W 2 0 9 -1/2 W0 3 ), among which the BiiW 2 07.5 is very particularly preferred according to the invention.
- Mischoxids BiiWbOx applied thermal treatment to degrade gaseous escaping compounds and / or decomposed (chemically reacted).
- Such substances may, for example, function as pore formers and be included for the purpose of influencing the active inner surface of the mixed oxide BiiWbOx.
- auxiliary substances are, for example, NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 C03, NH 4 HC03, NH 4 N0 3 , urea, NH 4 CH0 2 , H 2 C0 3 , HN0 3 , H 2 S0 4 , NH 4 CH 3 C0 2, NH 4 HS0 4, NH 4 Cl, HCl, (NH 4) 2 S0 4, ammonium oxalate, hydrates of the aforementioned compounds as well as organic substances such.
- the preformed mixed oxide B WbO x is mixed with a pre-formed powdery precursor of the stoichiometry [Mo 2 Z 1 c Z 2 dFe e Z 3 fZ 4 gZ 5 hOy].
- a precursor of the stoichiometry is understood to mean a mixture of element sources in suitable relative amounts which, upon calcining, at least in the presence of molecular oxygen, a multielement oxide of stoichiometry [ Moi? Z * c Z d FeeZ 3 , Z 4 ⁇ ; Z s h O y ] returns.
- Suitable sources of the elements of the moiety [Moi 2 Z 1 c Z 2 dFe e Z 3 fZ 4 gZ 5 hOy] of the desired multielement oxide active composition according to the invention are, in principle, those compounds which are already oxides and / or are such Compounds which are convertible into oxides by heating, at least in the presence of molecular oxygen.
- suitable starting compounds are, in particular, halides, nitrates, formates, oxalates, citrates, acetates, carbonates, amine complexes, ammonium salts and / or hydroxides (and the hydrates of the abovementioned salts).
- a convenient Mo source is ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate. Basically, but also z. B. molybdenum trioxide used.
- favorable Z 1 sources are the nitrates or nitrate hydrates of Z 1 elements. According to the invention advantageous
- Z 2 sources are the hydroxides and nitrates of the Z 2 elements or their hydrates.
- element iron an iron nitrate hydrate is advantageously used in the process according to the invention.
- Silica sol forms the preferred Si source according to the invention.
- Lanthanides which are preferred according to the invention are Er, Tb, Ho, Eu, Tm, Nd, Lu, Dy, Gd, Ce and Sm.
- the corresponding nitrate hydrates are preferably used as well as in the case of La and Y.
- the multielement oxide I can also be incorporated into the respective aqueous mixture also substances which at least under the Conditions of the thermal treatment of the geometric shaped bodies to form the geometric Kata- lysatorform Equity disintegrate to gaseous escaping compounds and / or decomposed (chemically reacted).
- Such substances may, for example, act as pore formers and be included for the purpose of adjusting the active inner surface.
- auxiliary substances examples include NH 4 OH, (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 , NH 4 HC0 3 , NH 4 NO 3 , urea, NH 4 CHO 2 , H 2 CO 3 , HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4
- NH 4 CH 3 C0 2 NH 4 HSO 4 , NH 4 Cl, HCl, (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , ammonium oxalate, hydrates of the abovementioned compounds and organic substances, such as.
- stearic acid, malonic acid, ammonium salts of the aforementioned acids starches (eg, potato starch and corn starch), cellulose, ground nutshell, finely divided plastic flour (eg., Polyethylene, polypropylene), etc. into consideration.
- the production of the pulverulent precursor of the stoichiometry preferably takes place from an aqueous mixture
- the drying preferably takes place in the hot air stream.
- other hot gases can also be used for the abovementioned spray drying (for example nitrogen, or air diluted with nitrogen and other inert gases).
- the spray drying can take place both in cocurrent and in countercurrent of the droplets to the hot gas.
- it takes place in countercurrent of the droplets to the hot gas. It is particularly preferably carried out in hot air counterflow.
- Typical gas inlet temperatures are in the range of 250 to 450 ° C, preferably 270 to 370 ° C.
- Typical gas outlet temperatures are in the range of 100 to 160 ° C.
- the spray-drying is preferably carried out so that a desired particle diameter is set directly.
- the particle diameter d 50 is preferably 30 to 45 ⁇ m. If the degree of dispersion of the resulting spray powder is too small compared to the desired dso, the same can be achieved, for example. B. be coarsened by subsequent compacting to the desired degree of division.
- the spray powder resulting from spray-drying can be refined by grinding, if necessary, to a desired degree of dewatering.
- the intimate aqueous mixture can also first by conventional evaporation (preferably at reduced pressure, the drying temperature should not exceed 150 ° C generally) dried and the resulting dry matter can be adjusted by subsequent crushing to a required degree of separation. In principle, however, the drying of the aqueous mixture can also be effected by freeze-drying.
- Preferred stoichiometries [Mo i? Z? C z 2 ⁇ ; Fe e Z 3 fZ 4 B Z 5 hOy] are Mo 12 Co 6 Fe 3 O 3 Si 0.6 K 0.08, or Moi 2 Co 6.5 Fe 3, Osi, eco, o8, or Moi 2 Co 7 , o Fe 3, o Si, 6K 0 , o 8, or Moi 2 Co 5 .
- the finely divided shaping aids may also or only (only) be mixed into the finely divided mixture of mixed oxide B WbOx and the pulverulent precursor of the stoichiometry [Moi 2 Z 1 c Z 2 dFe e Z 3 fZ 4 gZ 5 hOy].
- the group of fine-particle shaping aids initially includes the so-called anti-caking agents.
- finely divided materials which are advantageously used concomitantly in terms of application, in order to produce, in the context of mixing z.
- a preferred group of finely divided anti-caking agents forms finely divided hydrophobized silicic acids, in particular finely divided hydrophobized synthetic silicic acids (silicon dioxides).
- synthetic silicic acids can be generated directly from sand and on the other hand by precipitation reactions from waterglass, in particular synthetic silicas are hydrophilic due to their surface-active OH groups, ie they are wetted by water, for example by reaction of these surface-active OH groups with chlorosilanes Hydrophobized products are produced from both the fumed and the precipitated silicas, and commercial products of hydrophobicized precipitated silicas form, for example, the SI PERNAT® grades.
- Sipernat® D17 from Degussa or from EVONI K Industries, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany, is preferably used as fine-particle anticaking agent. Based on its weight, Sipernat® D17 contains about 2% by weight of chemically bonded carbon and is not wetted by water. His shaking weight (ge ISO 787-1 1) is 150 g / l. Its dso value is 10 ⁇ m (laser diffraction according to ISO 13320-1) and the specific surface area (nitrogen adsorption according to ISO 5794-1, Annex D) is 100 m 2 / g.
- finely divided anti-caking agent such.
- the additional amount of finely divided anti-caking agent is from 0.1 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the finely divided mixed oxide BiiWs, O x .
- anti-caking agent also reduces the energy input required for homogeneous mixing of the two starting materials.
- the starting material as further finely divided shaping aids lubricant such as graphite, carbon black, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, stearic acid, starch, mineral oil, vegetable oil, water, boron trifluoride and / or boron nitride.
- lubricant such as graphite, carbon black, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, stearic acid, starch, mineral oil, vegetable oil, water, boron trifluoride and / or boron nitride.
- the finely divided graphite (typical dgo values of suitable graphite according to the invention is 30 to 300 ⁇ ) only the mixture of mixed oxide BiiWs, O x with the precursor of the stoichiometry [Moi2Z 1 c Z 2 dFe e Z 3 f Z 4 gZ 5 h O y ] added.
- it can also be mixed in advance of the mixing of the two finely divided starting materials in each of them (or in only one of the two). Based on the weight of the finely divided mixture of this z. B. up to 15 wt .-% of finely divided lubricant. In most cases, however, the lubricant content in the finely divided mixture is included
- finely divided lubricant is graphite.
- the aforementioned additional amount ä 0.5 wt .-% usually> 2.5 wt .-%.
- finely divided reinforcing agents such as microfibers made of glass, asbestos, silicon carbide or potassium titanate can be added to the finely divided mixture as further shaping aids, which after completion of shaping by compaction have a beneficial effect on the cohesion of the resulting compact (of the resulting shaped body).
- shaping aids which are present can be retained both in the resulting shaped catalyst body and at least partly by thermal and / or chemical decomposition to gaseous compounds (eg CO, CO2) gaseous escape from these.
- gaseous compounds eg CO, CO2
- the forming apparatus to be used or the forming method to be used are subject to no restriction.
- the compacting shaping can take place by extrusion, tabletting or extrusion.
- the finely divided mixture is preferably used dry to the touch. It can, however, z. B.
- the finely divided mixture may contain up to 10% of its total weight substances added, which are liquid under normal conditions (25 ° C, 1 atm).
- the finely divided mixture may contain solid solvates (eg, hydrates) having such liquid substances in chemically and / or physically bound form.
- the finely divided mixture but also be completely free of such substances.
- a compression molding method preferred according to the invention is tableting.
- the basic features of tabletting are z. B. in "The Tablet", Handbook of Development, Production and Quality Assurance, WA Ritschel and A. Bauer-Brandl, 2nd edition, Edition Verlag Aulendorf, described in 2002 and in a completely corresponding manner transferable to a tabletting invention according to the invention tabletting according to the invention as in the publications
- first carry out intermediate compaction as a first shaping step in order to coarsen the finely divided mixture (generally to a particle diameter of 100) to 2000 ⁇ , preferably 150 to 1500 ⁇ , more preferably 400 to 1250 ⁇ , or 400 to 1000 ⁇ , or 400 to 800 ⁇ ).
- finely divided lubricant eg., Graphite
- the final shaping wherein if necessary again z.
- fine-particle lubricant eg., Graphite
- optionally further shaping and / or reinforcing aid can be added.
- the desired geometry of the resulting shaped bodies is not subject to any restriction in the method according to the invention.
- the catalyst precursor moldings (the moldings) can be formed both regularly and irregularly, with regularly shaped moldings are generally preferred according to the invention.
- the shaped body in the method according to the invention have ball geometry.
- the ball diameter z. B. 2 to 10 mm, or 4 to 8 mm.
- the geometry of the catalyst precursor shaped body can also be fully cylindrical or hollow cylindrical (annular).
- outer diameter (A) and height (H) can be z. B. 2 to 10 mm, or 2 or 3 to 8 mm.
- the outer diameter may also be 1 to 10 mm.
- hollow cylinders is usually a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm appropriate.
- catalyst precursor geometry but also all those geometries come into consideration, which are disclosed and recommended in WO 02/062737.
- the molding pressures applied in the course of densification of the finely divided mixture will generally be 50 kg / cm 2 to 5000 kg / cm 2 in the process according to the invention.
- the forming pressures are from 200 to 3500 kg / cm 2 , more preferably from 600 to 25000 kg / cm 2 .
- the shaping compaction in the method according to the invention should be carried out according to the teaching of DE 10 2008 040093, DE 10 2008 040094 and WO 2005/030393 so that the Side crushing strength SD of the resulting annular shaped body V
- SD is> 13 N and ⁇ 24 N, or> 14 N and ⁇ 22 N, and very particularly preferably> 15 N and ⁇ 20 N.
- the experimental determination of lateral compressive strength is as described in WO 2005/030393 and WO 2007 / 017431 described.
- ring-like shaped bodies as recommended by DE 10 2008 040093, are very particularly preferred according to the invention.
- the end face of annular or ring-like shaped bodies V can be both curved and not curved in the method according to the invention (cf., in particular, DE 10 2007 004961, EP-A 184 790 and DE 10 2008 040093). When determining the height of such geometric shaped body, such a curvature is not taken into account.
- Catalyst moldings obtainable according to the invention which have been prepared by thermal treatment of moldings which have been obtained by compacting finely divided starting material, are referred to as full catalysts (solid catalyst moldings).
- the ratio I / A (where I is the inner diameter of the ring geometry) is 0.3 to 0.7, preferably 0.4 to 0.7.
- Possible ring geometries for the aforementioned annular shaped bodies are thus (A ⁇ H ⁇ I) 5 mm ⁇ 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm, or 5 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 2 mm, or 5 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 3 mm, or 5.5 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 3.5 mm, or 6 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 4 mm, or 6.5 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 4.5 mm, or 7 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 5 mm, or 7 mm ⁇ 7 mm ⁇ 3 mm, or 7 mm ⁇ 7 mm ⁇ 4 mm.
- the thermal treatment of moldings according to the invention while retaining the geometric shaped catalyst bodies is generally carried out at temperatures within the scope of the process according to the invention (this means the temperature within the calcination material ) exceeding 350 ° C. Normally, however, the temperature of 650 ° C is not exceeded during the thermal treatment.
- the temperature of 600 ° C. preferably the temperature of 550 ° C. and particularly preferably the temperature of 500 ° C., is not exceeded within the scope of the thermal treatment.
- the thermal treatment of the molded body preferably the temperature of 380 ° C, advantageously the temperature of 400 ° C, with particular advantage the temperature of 420 ° C and most preferably the temperature of 440 ° C exceeded.
- the thermal treatment can also be divided into several sections in their time sequence. For example, first a thermal treatment at a temperature (phase 1) of 150 to 350 ° C, preferably 220 to 290 ° C, and thereafter a thermal treatment at a temperature (phase 2) of 400 to 600 ° C, preferably 430 to 550 ° C are performed.
- the thermal treatment of the moldings takes several hours (often more than 5 h) to complete. In many cases, the total duration of the thermal treatment extends to more than 10 h. Treatment times of 45 hours and 25 hours are usually not exceeded within the scope of the thermal treatment of the molded bodies. Often the total treatment time is less than 20 hours. In principle, the thermal treatment can be carried out at higher temperatures for a shorter treatment time or at temperatures that are not too high during a longer treatment duration. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the thermal treatment of the moldings 465 ° C are not exceeded and the treatment time in the temperature window> 440 ° C extends to> 10 to 20 h.
- the thermal treatment (also called phase 1 (also called the decomposition phase)) of the shaped bodies V can be carried out both under inert gas and under an oxidative atmosphere such as As air (or other mixture of inert gas and oxygen) and under a reducing atmosphere (eg., A mixture of inert gas, NH3, CO and / or H2 or under methane, acrolein, methacrolein) take place.
- a reducing atmosphere eg., A mixture of inert gas, NH3, CO and / or H2 or under methane, acrolein, methacrolein
- the thermal treatment can also be carried out under vacuum.
- the calcination atmosphere can also be made variable over the calcination period.
- the thermal treatment of the shaped bodies preferably takes place in an oxidizing atmosphere. In terms of application technology, it consists predominantly of stagnant or agitated air.
- the thermal treatment of the moldings in a variety of furnace types such.
- B. heated convection chambers (convection ovens), Hordenöfen, rotary kilns, Bandkalzinierern or shaft furnaces are performed.
- the thermal treatment of the shaped bodies V takes place in a belt calcination device, as recommended by DE-A 10046957 and WO 02/24620.
- a hot spot formation within the calcination material is thereby largely avoided by promoting increased volume flows of calcination atmosphere through the calcination material with the aid of fans through a gas-permeable conveyor belt carrying the calcination material.
- the thermal treatment of the moldings below 350 ° C usually pursues the goal of thermal decomposition of the sources contained in the moldings of the elements (the elemental constituents) of the desired Multielementoxid-I active composition of the shaped catalyst body and optionally co-used molding aids. Frequently, this decomposition phase takes place during the heating of the calcination good to temperatures> 350 ° C.
- the thermal treatment can be carried out as described in US 2005/0131253.
- the lateral compressive strengths of annular unsupported catalyst bodies obtainable according to the invention are from 5 to 13 N, frequently from 8 to 11, N.
- Full-catalyst shaped bodies produced in accordance with the invention may also be subjected to grinding and may be extruded from the resulting finely divided material (optionally after classifying the resulting finely divided material) with the aid of a suitable liquid binder (eg water) onto the surface of a suitable, e.g. B. spherical or annular support body (geometric carrier molding) are applied (eg., Using the in DE-A 2909671, and DE-A 100 51 419 disclosed method principle).
- a suitable liquid binder eg water
- a suitable, e.g. B. spherical or annular support body (geometric carrier molding) are applied (eg., Using the in DE-A 2909671, and DE-A 100 51 419 disclosed method principle).
- the resulting coated catalyst can be used as a catalyst for the aforementioned heterogeneously catalyzed gas phase partial oxidation, as z. B. WO 02/49757 and the
- carrier materials in the above procedure conventional porous or nonporous aluminas, silica, zirconia, silicon carbide or silicates such as magnesium or aluminum silicate can be used.
- the carrier bodies can be formed regularly or irregularly, with regularly shaped carrier bodies having a clearly formed surface roughness (for example the already mentioned balls or rings) being preferred.
- substantially non-porous, surface-rough rings of steatite whose longitudinal extension (longest direct straight line connecting two befind Norway on the surface of the Sug stresses body points) typically 2 to 12 mm, often 4 to 10 mm (see also DE-A 4442346).
- the aforementioned longitudinal extents also come for other carrier moldings such. B. balls, solid cylinders and other rings into consideration.
- the carrier mass is suitably selected in the range 10 to 1000 ⁇ , preferably in the range 100 to 700 ⁇ and particularly preferably in the range 300 to 500 ⁇ lying. Possible shell thicknesses are also 10 to 500 ⁇ or 200 to 300 ⁇ .
- the surface roughness Rz of the carrier molded body is in the range from 40 to 200 ⁇ m, often in the range from 40 to 100 ⁇ m (determined in accordance with DIN 4768 Part 1 with a "Hommel tester for DIN-ISO surface measured sizes" from Hommeltechnike, DE).
- the carrier material is non-porous (total volume of the pores based on the volume of the carrier body ⁇ 1% by volume).
- O x can be the precursor of stoichiometry [M o 12Z 1 c Z 2 d Fe 0 Z 3 fZ 4 e Z 5 hO ⁇ ] take place at a mold body also by allowing the fine-particle Apply mixture with the aid of a suitable liquid binder to the surface of a geometric carrier shaped body as described above. After drying, the resultant precursor moldings can be thermally treated in the manner according to the invention to obtain molded-sheet shaped catalyst bodies according to the invention.
- active catalyst powder bodies produced according to the invention it is also possible, by grinding active catalyst powder bodies produced according to the invention, to prepare as an active mass powder as such in the fluidized bed for the sen writings addressed heterogeneously catalyzed partial Gasphasenoxidatio- nen be used.
- geometrically shaped catalyst bodies which are obtainable according to the invention are particularly suitable as catalysts for the partial oxidations of propene to acrolein and of isobutene and / or tert. Butanol to methacrolein. This applies in particular to inventive annular unsupported catalyst bodies.
- the partial oxidation can be z. As in DE-A 10 2007 004961, WO 02/49757, WO 02/24620, DE 10 2008 040093, WO 2005/030393, EP-A 575 897, WO 2007/082827, WO 2005/1 13127, WO 2005/047224, WO 2005/042459 and WO 2007/017431 are described.
- the propene content (isobutene content or tert-butanol content (or the methyl ether content)) in the reaction gas starting mixture is generally (ie essentially independent of the load) 4 to 20% by volume, frequently 5 to 15% by volume. , or 5 to 12% by volume, or 5 to 8% by volume (in each case based on the total volume of the reaction gas starting mixture).
- the gas phase partial oxidation process is carried out at a volume ratio of the partially oxidized (organic) compound (eg propene): oxygen: indifferent gases (including water vapor) in the reaction gas starting mixture of 1: (1, 0 to 3.0) :( 5 to 25), preferably 1: (1, 5 to 2.3) :( 10 to 20).
- a volume ratio of the partially oxidized (organic) compound eg propene
- oxygen indifferent gases (including water vapor) in the reaction gas starting mixture of 1: (1, 0 to 3.0) :( 5 to 25), preferably 1: (1, 5 to 2.3) :( 10 to 20).
- Indifferent gases are understood to mean those gases which remain chemically unchanged in the course of the partial oxidation to at least 95 mol%, preferably at least 98 mol%.
- the inert gas may be> 20% by volume, or> 30% by volume, or> 40% by volume, or too
- % consist of molecular nitrogen.
- the concomitant use of inert diluent gases such as propane, ethane, methane, pentane, butane, CO, CO, water vapor and / or noble gases is recommended for the starting gas of the reaction gas .
- these inert gases and their mixtures can also be used even at lower loads on the catalyst feed with the organic compound to be partially oxidized.
- recycle gas can be used as diluent gas become. Under circulating gas is understood to mean the residual gas which remains when the target compound is essentially selectively separated from the product gas mixture of the partial oxidation.
- annular catalyst shaped articles k K may be only the first stage of a two-stage partial oxidation to acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as the actual target compounds, so that the recycle gas then usually takes place only after the second stage.
- the product mixture of the first stage as such, if appropriate after cooling and / or secondary oxygen addition, is as a rule fed to the second partial oxidation stage.
- the former compositions are particularly suitable for propene loadings of> 130 Nl / l-h and the latter composition in particular at propene loads ⁇ 130 Nl / l-h, in particular ⁇ 100 Nl / l-h of the fixed catalyst bed.
- Suitable alternative compositions of the starting reaction gas mixture are those which have the following component contents: 4 to 25% by volume of propene,
- the reaction gas starting mixture may also be composed as follows:
- reaction gas starting mixture composition may include:
- composition grid 34% by volume of H 2 O.
- reaction gas starting mixture may in particular also be composed as described in DE-A 44 07 020.
- reaction temperature for the propene partial oxidation is when using the z.
- annular shaped catalyst body often at 300 to 380 ° C. The same is true in the case of methacrolein as the target compound.
- reaction pressure for the abovementioned partial oxidations is generally 0.5 or 1.5 to 3 or 4 bar (meant in this document, unless explicitly stated otherwise, always absolute pressures).
- the total charge of the catalyst charge with starting reaction gas mixture in the abovementioned partial oxidations is typically 1000 to 10000 Nl / lh, usually 1500 to 5000 Nl / lh and often 2000 to 4000 Nl / lh.
- propene are mainly polymer grade propene and chemical grade propene into consideration, as z. B. DE-A 102 32 748 describes.
- the source of oxygen is usually air.
- the partial oxidation using the z. B. annular shaped catalyst body K can in the simplest case z. B. be carried out in a one-zone Dahlutton fixed bed reactor, as described in DE-A 44 31 957, EP-A 700 714 and EP-A 700 893.
- the contact tubes are made of ferritic steel and typically have a wall thickness of 1 to 3 mm. Their inner diameter is usually 20 to 30 mm, often 21 to 26 mm. A typical contact tube length amounts to z. B. at 3.20 m.
- the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the tube bundle container amounts to at least 1000, preferably to at least 5000. Often the number of catalyst tubes accommodated in the reaction container is 15000 to 35000. Tube bundle reactors having a number of contact tubes above 40000 tend to be the exception.
- the contact tubes are normally distributed homogeneously, the distribution is suitably chosen so that the distance between the central inner axes of closest contact tubes (the so-called contact tube pitch) is 35 to 45 mm (see.
- the partial oxidation can also be carried out in a multizone (eg, "two-zone") multi-contact-tube fixed-bed reactor, as described in DE-A 199 10 506, DE-A 103 13 213, DE-A 103 13 208 and EP-A 1 106 598, in particular in the event of increased loading of the catalyst charge with the organic compound to be partially oxidized
- a typical catalyst tube length in the case of a two-zone multi-contact fixed bed reactor is 3.50 m
- a heat exchange medium is conducted in each temperature control zone around the catalyst tubes within which the catalyst feed is located, such as, for example, melts of salts such as potassium nitrate, potassium nitrite, sodium nitrite and / or sodium nitrate.
- the flow rate of the heat exchange medium within the respective temperature control zone is usually chosen so that the temperature of the heat from 0 to 15 ° C, often 1 to 10 ° C, or 2 to 8 ° C, or 3 to 6 ° C increases from the point of entry into the temperature zone to the point of exit from the temperature zone.
- the inlet temperature of the heat exchange medium, which, viewed over the respective temperature control zone, can be conducted in cocurrent or in countercurrent to the reaction gas mixture is preferably as in the specifications EP-A 1,106,598, DE-A 199 48 523, DE-A 199 48 248 , DE-A 103 13 209, EP-A 700 714,
- the heat exchange medium is preferably guided in meandering fashion.
- the multi-contact fixed-bed reactor also has thermo tubes for determining the gas temperature in the catalyst bed.
- the inner diameter of the thermo tubes and the diameter of the inner receiving sleeve for the thermocouple is selected so that the ratio of heat of reaction developing volume to heat dissipating surface is the same or only slightly different in thermal tubes and work tubes.
- the pressure loss should be at work tubes and thermotubes, based on the same
- GHSV be the same.
- a pressure loss compensation in the thermal tube can be done by adding split catalyst to the shaped catalyst bodies. This compensation is expediently homogeneous over the entire thermal tube length.
- To prepare the catalyst charge in the catalyst tubes can, as already mentioned, only as described available z.
- B. annular shaped catalyst bodies and no active material having, with respect to the heterogeneously catalyzed partial gas phase oxidation substantially inert behaving moldings are used. As materials for such inert molded body z.
- Example porous or non-porous aluminum oxides, silica, zirconium oxide, silicon carbide, silicates such as magnesium or aluminum silicate and / or steatite (eg., Type C220 Fa. CeramTec, 73207 Plochingen, Germany) into consideration.
- the geometry of such inert shaped diluent bodies can in principle be arbitrary. D. h., It may, for example, balls, polygons, solid cylinders or else, such as. B. in the case of annular shaped catalyst body, rings. Often one will choose as inert diluent moldings whose geometry corresponds to that of the catalyst molding to be diluted with them.
- the active composition of the catalyst molding can also be changed along the catalyst charge.
- the catalyst feed is advantageously designed so that the volume-specific (i.e., normalized to the unit of volume) activity in the flow direction of the reaction gas mixture either remains constant or increases (continuous, discontinuous or stepwise).
- a reduction of the volume-specific activity can be easily z. B. be achieved by a uniform amount of inventively produced z.
- B. annular catalyst form bodies with inert diluent bodies homogeneously diluted. The higher the proportion of the diluent molding is selected, the lower is the active material or catalyst activity contained in a certain volume of the feed.
- a reduction can also be achieved by changing the geometry of the shaped catalyst bodies K obtainable according to the invention such that the amount of active mass contained in the unit of the inner volume of the reaction tube becomes smaller.
- the catalyst feed is preferably designed either uniformly over the entire length with only one type of full-catalyst ring molding or structured as follows.
- At the reactor inlet is at a length of 10 to 60%, preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 20 to 40% and most preferably 25 to 35% (ie, for., On a length of 0.70 to 1.50 m, preferably 0.90 to 1, 20 m), in each case the total length of the catalyst charge, a substantially homogeneous mixture of erhern ringförmigen Vollkatalysatorform stresses and inert dilution molded body according to the invention (both preferably have substantially the same geometry) placed, wherein the weight fraction the diluent molding (the mass densities of shaped catalyst bodies and diluent moldings usually differ only slightly) usually 5 to 40 wt .-%, or 10 to 40 wt .-%, or 20 to 40 wt .-%, or 25 to 35 wt .-% is.
- the weight fraction the diluent molding usually 5 to 40 wt .-%, or 10 to 40 wt .-%, or 20 to
- annular unsupported catalyst body obtainable in accordance with the invention can be charged with an active mass density based on its space requirement
- an annular unsupported catalyst body obtainable according to the invention with high active mass density based on its space requirement eg 6.5 mm ⁇ 3 mm ⁇ 4.5 mm [A ⁇ H ⁇ I] in the first section, and 5 x 2 x 2 mm in the second section.
- annular shaped catalyst bodies carried out as catalysts partial oxidation for the preparation of acrolein or methacrolein the catalyst charge, the starting reaction gas mixture, the load and the reaction temperature usually chosen so that the single passage of the reaction gas mixture through the catalyst feed a conversion of the partially oxidized organic compound (Propene, isobutene, tert-butanol or its methyl ether) of at least 90 mol%, or at least 92 mol%, preferably of at least 94 mol% results.
- the selectivity of the acrolein or methacrolein formation will regularly be 80 mol% or> 85 mol%. In the natural way, the lowest possible hotspot temperatures are sought.
- the activity and selectivity of target product formation initially increase with the service life of the catalyst feed before its age-related degradation occurs.
- This formation can be accelerated by carrying out the reaction at substantially constant conversion under increased loading of the catalyst charge with reaction gas starting mixture and, after completion of the largely completed formation, reducing the charge to its target value.
- geometric shaped catalyst bodies obtainable according to the invention are very generally used as catalysts for gas-phase catalytic partial oxidations 3 to 6 (ie 3, 4, 5 or 6) C atoms containing alkanes (in particular propane), alkanols, alkanals, alkenes and alkenals to z.
- FIGS. 1 a and 1 b show the size distribution of the particles of the Bi-W precipitate
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show the particle size distributions of the calcined initial mass A1 as a function of the applied dispersion pressure
- FIGS. 3a and 3b show the particle size distributions of the calcined and ground starting mass A1 as a function of the duration of the ultrasonic wave pretreatment
- the dry particle diameter distributions were determined by laser diffraction as follows.
- the multielement oxide powder was passed through a dispersing trough into the dry disperser Scirocco 2000 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire WR 14 1AT, United Kingdom), there with compressed air (which had the respective dispersing pressure of 1, 2 or 2 or 4.5 bar abs.) dry dispersed and in free jet to the dry disperser Scirocco 2000 (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire WR 14 1AT, United Kingdom), there with compressed air (which had the respective dispersing pressure of 1, 2 or 2 or 4.5 bar abs.) dry dispersed and in free jet to the
- volume-related particle size distributions in suspension were measured with the
- Ultrasonic bath Hydro 2000 G from Malvern Instruments treated at 100% ultrasound intensity over a period of 1, 3 and 5 minutes.
- the suspension was then pumped directly into the laser diffraction spectrometer via a pump
- the filter cake was washed repeatedly with demineralized water until a conductivity of ⁇ 400 ⁇ was reached.
- the resulting filter cake was dried in a circulating air drying oven of the type T5060E (Heraeus, 63450 Hanau, Germany) at 110 ° C. until after 16 hours a weight constancy was reached.
- the Na content of the dried filter cake which was determined by flame atomic adsorption spectroscopy on a flame atomic adsorption spectrometer SpectrAA-700 (Spectro Analytical Instruments GmbH, 47533 Kleve, Germany), was below the detection limit.
- the molar Bi / W ratio determined by means of X-ray fluorescence analysis using a Axios sequence-sonic spectrometer (PANalytical GmbH, 34123 Kassel, Germany), was 2: 1 in this catalyst.
- the dried starting material A1 was then calcined in a rotary kiln (brand: Eigenbau BASF SE). In each case, 200 g of the dried powder were placed in a 1 l round bottom flask and calcined under air (air flow: 50 l / h) at a constant rotation of 10 rpm. The temperature increases were essentially linear over time. Within 4 h was from 25 ° C to 300 ° C. heated. The temperature was maintained for 12 hours and then raised to 800 ° C over 5 hours and 40 minutes. The temperature was then maintained for 3 hours. This was followed by a linear cooling to 25 ° C under 50 Nl / h air flow. The resulting dried starting material had an ignition loss of 11% by weight under the calcination conditions.
- phase composition of the calcined, finely divided starting material A1 was determined by means of X-ray diffractometry on an Advance D8 series 2 with a multiple sample changer (Bruker AXS GmbH, 76187 Düsseldorf, Germany).
- FIG. 4 shows the XRD diffractogram of the ground calcined starting material A1.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 29-shell (2 theta scale) and the ordinate shows the absolute intensity of the X-ray radiation.
- the existing phases were 43% monoclinic WO3 and 57% orthorhomatic B12W2O9.
- Preparation of a finely divided starting material A2 Moi2Co5.5 Fe3, oSii, 6Ko, o8)
- Sipernat ® D17 containing finely divided starting material A1 was washed with a 1: 1 stoichiometry with the finely divided starting material A2 (total amount: 580 g containing 0.39 g of Sipernat) (in a amixon mixer type VMT 1 special model for BASF SE, Fa. amixon GmbH, 33106 Paderborn, Germany, filling volume: 1 l, power: 0.7 kW) are mixed homogeneously within 15 min by means of a clockwise rotating insert with 2 blades (rotational speed: 1 1 1 rpm). Based on the existing total mass were to this in a Rhönradmischer
- thermocouples were found in DE 10 201 1 084 040 A1. Subsequently, while maintaining the air flow (including its inlet temperature), the temperature in
- Um Kunststoffschachtofen varies as follows, with the temperature increases over time were essentially linear. Within 72 min was heated from 25 ° C to 130 ° C. The temperature was maintained for 72 minutes and then increased to 190 ° C over 36 minutes. The 190 ° C was held for 72 minutes before the temperature was raised to 220 ° C within 36 minutes. The 220 ° C was held for 72 minutes before the temperature was increased to 265 ° C within 36 minutes. The 265 ° C was held for 72 minutes before the temperature was raised to 380 ° C over 93 minutes. The 380 ° C was held for 187 min before the temperature was increased to 430 ° C within 93 min.
- the 430 ° C was held for 187 min before being increased within 93 min to the final temperature of 456 ° C. This was maintained for 467 min. Then within 24 h cooled to 25 ° C. For this purpose, both the heating of the Um Kunststoffschachtofens and the air flow heating was switched off (the air flow of 1200 Nl / h as such was maintained, the inlet temperature of the air flow was then 25 ° C). The loss on ignition under the calcination conditions was 26% by weight.
- BET Brunnerauer-Emmet plate
- FIG. 5 shows the XRD diffractogram of the calcined unsupported catalyst precursor body ES.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 29-shell (2 theta scale) and the ordinate shows the absolute intensity of the X-ray radiation.
- Bismuth nitrate solution was adjusted to a pH of 1.0, and this pH was kept constant during the addition of the tungstic acid slurry.
- the molar Bi / W ratio was 1.74: 1.
- Bismuth nitrate solution was adjusted to a pH of 4.0 and this pH was kept constant during the addition of the tungstic acid slurry.
- the molar Bi / W ratio was 0.89: 1.
- Comparative Examples 2 and 3 show that a pH of 1.5 to 3 is critical to achieve a stoichiometric precipitation (Bi / W ratio of 2: 1).
- Full Catalyst Precursor Moldings VS The preparation of the full catalyst precursor molded article VS was carried out as described under I) for the unsupported catalyst molded article VS.
- the loss on ignition under the calcination conditions was 26% by weight.
- BET Brunnerauer-Emmet plate
- FIG. 6 shows the XRD diffractogram of the calcined unsupported catalyst precursor body VS.
- the abscissa shows the diffraction angle in the 29-shell
- reaction tube V2A steel; 21, 3 mm outside diameter, 3.2 mm wall thickness, 14.9 mm inside diameter, length 125 cm
- Section 1 approx. 25 cm in length
- Section 2 about 70 cm in length Catalyst charge with 40 g of the respective annular Vollkatalysatorform stressess diluted with 80 g steatite (C220 steatite from. CeramTec, 73207 Plochingen, Germany) with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm.
- the temperature of the reaction tube was carried out by means of a molten salt-externally heated molten salt (mixture of 53 wt .-% potassium nitrate, 40 wt .-% sodium nitrite and 7 wt .-% sodium nitrate).
- the reactor was continuously charged with a feed gas mixture (mixture of air, polymer grade propylene and nitrogen) of the composition:
- the COx selectivity with the non-inventive comparative catalyst VS also comparable.
- the value product selectivity is similar to that of the comparative catalyst VS.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201562166692P | 2015-05-27 | 2015-05-27 | |
| DE102015209638.6A DE102015209638A1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2015-05-27 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bismut und Wolfram enthaltenden Multielementoxids durch Co-Präzipitation |
| PCT/EP2016/061729 WO2016189010A1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines bismut und wolfram enthaltenden multielementoxids durch co-präzipitation |
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| EP3302793A1 true EP3302793A1 (de) | 2018-04-11 |
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| EP16726299.7A Withdrawn EP3302793A1 (de) | 2015-05-27 | 2016-05-25 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines bismut und wolfram enthaltenden multielementoxids durch co-präzipitation |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US20160346768A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3302793A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2018516750A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN107666959A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102015209638A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2016189010A1 (de) |
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| GB2562115B (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2022-02-16 | William Blythe Ltd | Tungsten oxide |
| GB2562116B (en) | 2017-05-05 | 2022-04-27 | William Blythe Ltd | Metal oxide, composition comprising the same and method of making metal oxide |
| US11745161B2 (en) | 2017-11-03 | 2023-09-05 | Basf Corporation | Arsine adsorbents |
| CN109225204A (zh) * | 2018-10-19 | 2019-01-18 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 用于四环素废水处理的钨酸铋纳米片可见光催化剂的制备及产品和应用 |
| CN110841626B (zh) * | 2019-10-24 | 2022-06-21 | 江苏大学 | 一种氧化钨/氧化铋网-片复合材料及制备方法与用途 |
| CN118079896A (zh) * | 2022-11-28 | 2024-05-28 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种钨铋复合氧化物催化剂及制备和应用 |
| CN116273098B (zh) * | 2023-03-20 | 2024-07-02 | 东南大学 | 一种界面活性复合光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN116139881B (zh) * | 2023-03-28 | 2023-12-12 | 上海腾灵建设集团有限公司 | 纳米金负载多孔钨酸铋光催化材料的制备及产品和应用 |
| CN118703801B (zh) * | 2024-08-30 | 2024-11-22 | 赣南科技学院 | 一种钨的离子交换无氨冶炼方法 |
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| CN102553568A (zh) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-07-11 | 陕西科技大学 | 采用高温微波水热法制备高光催化活性钨酸铋粉体的方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-05-27 DE DE102015209638.6A patent/DE102015209638A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2016
- 2016-05-25 CN CN201680030785.4A patent/CN107666959A/zh active Pending
- 2016-05-25 EP EP16726299.7A patent/EP3302793A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-05-25 WO PCT/EP2016/061729 patent/WO2016189010A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-05-25 JP JP2017561274A patent/JP2018516750A/ja active Pending
- 2016-05-25 US US15/164,097 patent/US20160346768A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160346768A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
| DE102015209638A1 (de) | 2016-07-07 |
| CN107666959A (zh) | 2018-02-06 |
| WO2016189010A1 (de) | 2016-12-01 |
| JP2018516750A (ja) | 2018-06-28 |
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