Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/18—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
  • A01N37/22—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides
  • A01N37/24—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof the nitrogen atom being directly attached to an aromatic ring system, e.g. anilides containing at least one oxygen or sulfur atom being directly attached to the same aromatic ring system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
  • A01N37/34—Nitriles
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
  • A01N43/36—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom five-membered rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
  • A01N43/64—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with three nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • A01N43/647—Triazoles; Hydrogenated triazoles
  • A01N43/653—1,2,4-Triazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-triazoles

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the treatment of wood diseases of perennial plants, especially woody parts of perennial plants, including fruit trees and vines.
• pathogens viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites
• viruses are responsible for diseases of fruit trees and vines, attacking all or part of the fruit tree or vine: roots, fruits, leaves and wood (woody parts).
• Fungal diseases presently represent a real scourge for tree and vine crops, particularly diseases affecting wood, especially the woody parts, a durable organ of these plants. Wood diseases, especially the woody parts of plants, appear in various more or less severe forms, such as a loss of vigor of the plant, resulting in weakened vegetation and less maturation or necrosis of all or part of the plant. . In some cases, no apparent symptoms can detect the presence of the disease in the plant.
• fungicidal composition useful in the treatment of wood diseases, in particular diseases of the wood of fruit trees and vines, capable of delivering the active agents against fungi to a depth in the wood, in particular the parts sufficient to prevent and / or treat the symptoms associated with these fungi.
• a first aspect of the present invention is a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension capable of delivering the active substances in the form of micronized solid particles that it contains inside the wood, in particular woody parts of a plant.
• a second aspect of the present invention is the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension capable of delivering the active substances that it contains inside the wood, in particular the woody parts of a plant for the prevention and / or treatment of wood diseases, in particular woody parts of a plant, in particular fruit trees and vines.
• a third aspect of the present invention is a method for preventing and / or treating wood diseases, in particular woody parts of a plant, in particular fruit trees and vines, comprising contacting a fungicidal composition. in the form of a concentrated suspension or a dilute suspension comprising said fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension capable of delivering the active substances it contains inside the wood, in particular the woody parts of said plant.
• the present invention relates to a fungicidal composition in which there are present two antifungal substances in the form of micronized solid particles and a compound promoting the penetration of said active substances into the wood, especially the woody parts, to a depth of at least 0.1 mm, its use for the prevention and / or treatment of wood diseases, in particular the woody parts of a plant, as well as a method for preventing and / or treating wood diseases, in particular the woody parts of a plant use said fungicidal composition.
• a first subject of the present invention is therefore a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (A) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , and
• composition having a penetration depth of at least one of the active substances in the wood of at least 0.1 mm.
• the present invention also relates to a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , and
• said composition having a depth of penetration of at least one of the active substances in the wood, especially the woody parts, by at least 0.1 mm as determined by the method of preparing a composition comprising one or more active substances, applying said composition to the wood, in particular the woody parts, of a plant, taking a sample of said plant and evaluating the presence of at least one active substance at a depth greater than 0.1 mm from the outer surface of the plant; wood, especially woody parts.
• the present invention relates to a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (Ia) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , and said composition having a penetration depth of at least one of the active substances in the woody portions of at least 0.1 mm as determined by the method of preparing a composition comprising one or more active substances, applying said composition to wood, in particular the ligneous parts of a fruit tree, to take a sample of the said fruit tree and to evaluate the presence of at least one active substance at a depth greater than 0.1 mm from the external surface of the wood, in particular woody parts.
• the present invention relates to a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (Ib) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , and
• said composition having a penetration depth of at least one of the active substances in the woody portions of at least 0.1 mm as determined by the method of preparing a composition comprising one or more active substances, applying said composition to wood, in particular woody parts of a vine stock, taking a sample of said vine stock and evaluating the presence of at least one active substance at a depth greater than 0.1 mm from the external surface of the wood, especially woody parts.
• the term "concentrated suspension” means a suspension of active substance (s) in a liquid, which may contain other dissolved substance (s), for use after dilution in water.
• the concentrated suspensions are different from the aqueous emulsions, in which the active substance (s) are present in the emulsion in soluble form in droplets of organic solution.
• the solid active ingredients, insoluble in water are kept in suspension.
• the term "penetrating agent” or “transcortical penetration agent” is intended to mean a chemical compound promoting the diffusion of at least one active substance into the woody parts of a plant.
• the fungicidal compositions are used on the outer surface of the wood, especially the woody parts of a plant (for example by spraying) and are therefore brought into contact with the bark.
• the transcortical penetration agent within the meaning of the present invention, is a compound allowing the active substance to pass from the outer surface of the wood, especially woody parts inside the wood, including woody parts of the plant.
• penetrants belong to the class of organic solvents and surfactants, not all surfactants and organic solvents have penetrating properties.
• the ability of a compound to be used as a transcortical penetrating agent may be determined according to the experimental method of preparing a composition comprising one or more active substances, to apply the composition to the wood, especially the woody parts thereof. a cord of Royat of more than one year and to evaluate the presence of at least one active substance to a depth greater than 0.1 mm of the external surface of the wood, in particular the ligneous parts.
• a substance can be used as a penetrating agent according to the method described in Example 1 of the present application.
• the present invention therefore relates more particularly to a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (Ic) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• At least one substance capable of causing the penetration of an active ingredient into the woody parts of a plant at a depth greater than 0.1 mm from the outer surface as determined by the method of preparing a composition comprising one or more active substances, to apply said composition on the wood, in particular the woody parts of a grape berry cord more than one year old and to evaluate the presence of at least one active substance at a depth greater than 0 1 mm from the outer surface of the wood, in particular woody parts of the said Royat vine cord of more than one year, in particular according to the method described in Example 1 of the present application,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ ,
• composition having a depth of penetration of at least one of the active substances in the wood, in particular the woody parts, of more than one year old cord of Royat of vine by at least 0.1 mm.
• the term "contact antifungal” is intended to mean a chemical compound which remains on the surface of the organs affected during treatment.
• systemic antifungal is intended to mean a chemical compound capable of penetrating into the interior of the plant and diffusing all or part of the plant through the vessels of the xylem and / or phloem.
• diameter D 50 of the solid particles is meant within the meaning of the present invention that 50% of the total volume of the particles is less than the D 50 value.
• 50% of the total volume of the particles have a diameter less than 0.5 ⁇ .
• the D 50 is determined with a CILAS 715 or 920 Liquid Granulometer. The measurement is carried out under the following conditions:
• the concentration must be between 150 and 200. Manually activate the ultrasound during the introduction.
• the median particle diameter is calculated directly by the device.
• the expression "having a depth of penetration into the wood, in particular woody parts, of at least 0.1 mm” means that at least one of the active substances is present in the wood, in particular the woody parts, at a distance of at least 0.1 mm from the external surface of the wood, in particular the woody parts of a fruit or vine tree with which the composition has been brought into contact.
• the depth of penetration may be determined by evaluating the presence of the said active substance in a sample taken at a determined distance from the external part of the wood, particularly the woody parts, according to the following method:
• a wood sample is taken from a plant and then cut according to the following procedure:
• the active substances are extracted from the wood, in particular woody parts according to the following extraction protocol:
• Purge time 90 seconds b. evaporate the extract dry with a rotary evaporator and take up in 2 ml of ethyl acetate,
• the depth of penetration is defined by taking as a sample a bunch of Royat vine of more than one year.
• the present invention therefore relates in particular to a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I) comprising:
• At least two active substances in the form of solid particles the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from contact antifungals,
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles being from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ ,
• composition having a depth of penetration of at least one of the active substances in the wood, especially woody parts, by at least 0.1 mm as determined by the method consisting in:
• Purge time 90 seconds b. evaporate the extract dry with a rotary evaporator and take up in 2 ml of ethyl acetate,
• the active substances In order to guarantee the effectiveness of the treatment, the active substances must be able to penetrate the woody parts to a depth sufficient to act on the fungus responsible for the disease. It has thus been demonstrated that the median particle diameter should be from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , in order to allow penetration of the active substance in the wood, especially the woody parts, of a perennial plant.
• the median diameter of the particles of active principle is typically of the order of 1.5 ⁇ . This greater diameter is explained by the absence of the need for such a fine grinding because of the greater facility for the active principle to penetrate the leaf parts, but especially by an increased risk of burning the leaves (phytotoxicity) with particles with a diameter of 1 ⁇ or less.
• the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal is selected from the group consisting of acyalanines, thiophanate benzymidazoles, N-phenylcarbamates, toluamides, pyridinylethylbenzamides, pyrazole-4-carboxamides, pyridine-carboxamides; methoxy-acrylates, methoxy-carbamates, oximinoacetates, oximinoacetamides, oxazolidines-diones, dihydro-dioxazines, imidazolinones, cyano-imidazoles, sulfamoyl-triazoles, dinitrophenylcrotonates, triazolo-pyrimidylamines, aniline-pyrimidines, aryloxyquinolines, quinazolinones, phenylpyrroles, dicarboximides, carbamates, pyrimidines, imidazoles; triazo
• FRAC Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
• the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal is selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, fenhexamide and fluodioxonil.
• the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal is a demethylation inhibitor (DeMethylation Inhibitor, DMI), especially chosen from the group consisting of triazoles. These include tetraconazole, cyproconazole or tebuconazole.
• DMI DeMethylation Inhibitor
• the contact antifungal is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of inorganic compounds, dithiocarbamates and their derivatives, phthalimides, chloronitriles and phthalinitriles, sulphonamides, guanidines, triazines, quinones and anthraquinones, quinoxalines, maleimides and 2,6-dinitroanilines, advantageously from copper salts, sulfur, mancozeb, maneb, zinc metiram, propineb, thiram, zineb, ziram, captan, captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, tolyfluanid, dithianon and fluazinam.
• FRAC Fungicide Resistance Action Committee
• the contact antifungal is a broad-spectrum contact antifungal, especially a chloronitrile, in particular chlorothalonil or a dinitroaniline, in particular fluazinam or zinc metiram.
• a chloronitrile in particular chlorothalonil or a dinitroaniline, in particular fluazinam or zinc metiram.
• it is chlorothalonil.
• the relative proportion of the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal and the contact antifungal agent may be modified according to the wood disease, in particular the woody parts to be treated.
• the ratio between the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal and the contact antifungal is 75:25 to 25:75 by weight, especially 40:60 to 60:40.
• compositions according to the present invention being in the form of concentrated suspensions to be diluted in water at the time of use, the active substances represent a high proportion of the total composition.
• the proportion by weight of the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal agent with respect to the total volume of the concentrated suspension represents from 5 to 45%, advantageously from 20 to 30%, in particular of approximately 25% (w / v).
• the proportion between the mass of the two active substances taken together and the total volume of the composition is 30:70, advantageously 40:60, especially 50:50.
• the proportion by weight of the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal with respect to the total volume of the concentrated suspension thus represents from 5 to 45%, advantageously from 20 to 30%, in particular of approximately 25% (m / v).
• the proportion between the mass of the two active substances taken together and the total volume of the composition is 30:70, advantageously 40:60, especially 50:50.
• compositions according to the present invention contain the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal and the contact antifungal in amounts equivalent in weight, that is, in a ratio of 50:50.
• the transcortical penetration agent is present to promote the diffusion of at least one active substance selected from the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal and the contact antifungal from the outer surface of the wood. , in particular woody parts towards the interior of the wood, in particular woody parts. Since the active substance is able to penetrate the wood, in particular the woody parts, it is thus possible to act against the fungi responsible for wood diseases, in particular the woody parts in depth, and to prevent and / or treat the wood, especially the woods. woody parts, vegetal.
• the proportion of transcortical penetration agent relative to the total weight of the composition is advantageously from 0.1 to 5%, especially from 0.5 to 2%, preferably from 0.5 to 1%.
• the transcortical penetration agent may be a solvent having penetrating properties, advantageously chosen from the group consisting of mineral oils, vegetable oils, petroleum derivatives, such as turpentine or fuel oil, dimethylsulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone, xylene and methylene chloride or a surfactant having penetrating properties, advantageously chosen from the group consisting of ethoxylated or propoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated or propoxylated tallow fatty amines, sorbitan esters, advantageously the laurate of sorbitan, sorbitan stearates, sorbitan oleates and sorbitan palmitate, glycol esters, advantageously glycol stearate or glycol oleate, heptamethyl polyethoxylated trisiloxane, phosphate / alcohol mixtures, advantageously phosphate / fatty alcohols ethoxylated or propoxylated and phosphate / flu
• a compound allows the diffusion of the active substance from the surface of the wood, in particular woody parts with which the composition has been contacted to a depth of at least 0.1 mm in the wood, especially the woody parts, preferably at least 1 mm, in particular at least 2 mm.
• the transcortical penetration agent is a surfactant having penetrating properties chosen from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, ethoxylated or propoxylated phosphate / alcohol mixtures, phosphate / alcohol alcohols. C9 to Cn and phosphate / C 10 alcohols ethoxylated C14, and sodium sulfosuccinate diéthylcyclohexyl.
• the diameter of the particles is an important parameter for the penetration of the active substance into the wood, especially the woody parts, of the perennial plant.
• the median diameter D 50 of the particles of active substances is greater than 1 ⁇ , the active substance does not penetrate in sufficient quantity into the wood, in particular the woody parts, of the perennial plant.
• the median diameter of the active substance particles should not be less than 0.1 ⁇ .
• the median diameter D 50 of the solid particles in the concentrated suspensions according to the invention is from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , as measured. under the conditions described above.
• 100% of the active substance particles have a diameter less than or equal to 5 ⁇ , advantageously less than 4 ⁇ .
• At least 75%, advantageously at least 90%, solid particles have a diameter less than 2 ⁇ .
• compositions according to the present invention are formulated such that the two active substances have a depth of penetration into the wood, especially the woody parts, of at least 0.1 mm.
• the depth of penetration of at least one of the active substances, advantageously of the two active substances is at least 1 mm, more advantageously at least 2 mm.
• the present invention also relates to compositions of formula (I) wherein the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal is selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole, tebuconazole, cyprodinil, fenhexamide and fluodioxonil and the contact antifungal is selected in the group consisting of chlorothalonil, fluazinam and zinc metiram.
• compositions according to the invention thus comprise a combination of the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal and the contact antifungal chosen from the group consisting of tetraconazole and chlorothalonil, tetraconazole and fluazinam, tetraconazole and zinc metiram, tebuconazole and chlorothalonil.
• tebuconazole and fluazinam zinc tebuconazole and metiram
• cyprodinil and chlorothalonil cyprodinil and fluazinam
• zinc cyprodinil and metiram fenhexamid and chlorothalonil
• fenhexamid and fluazinam zinc fenhexamid and metiram
• fluodioxonil and chlorothalonil fluodioxonil and fluazinam
• fluodioxonil and metiram zinc fluodioxonil and metiram zinc.
• the penetrating and / or systemic / antifungal anti-fungal combination of contact is selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole and chlorothalonil, cyproconazole and chlorothalonil, tetraconazole and zinc metiram, tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, and tebuconazole and zinc metiram.
• the composition comprises a penetrating antifungal and / or systemic / antifungal combination of contact / transcortical penetration agent selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; tetraconazole and fluazinam and fluorosurfactants; tetraconazole and zinc metiram and fluorosurfactants; tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; tebuconazole and fluazinam and fluorosurfactants; tebuconazole and zinc metiram and fluorosurfactants; cyprodinil and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; cyprodinil and fluazinam and fluorosurfactants; zinc cyprodinil and metiram and fluorosurfactants; fenhexamid and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; fen
• the composition comprises a penetrating antifungal and / or systemic / antifungal contact / transcortical penetration agent combination selected from the group consisting of tetraconazole and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; cyproconazole and chlorothalonil and fluorosurfactants; tetraconazole and zinc metiram and fluorosurfactants; tebuconazole and zinc metiram and fluorosurfactants; tetraconazole and chlorothalonil and phosphate mixture / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohols; tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and phosphate mixture / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohols: cyproconazole and chlorothalonil and phosphate mixture / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohols; tetraconazole, chlor
• compositions according to the present invention contain, in addition to the active substances and the transcortical penetration agent, at least one component chosen from dispersing agents, antifoaming agents, thickening agents, inert organic solvents and agents. preservatives.
• the compositions according to the present invention contain all of these components.
• Such additional components are conventionally used for the preparation of concentrated suspensions for plant protection use.
• compositions according to the present invention may comprise a dispersing agent, advantageously present in the composition in a proportion of 0.1 to 10%, more advantageously of 2 to 8%, in particular of approximately 5% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. composition.
• the dispersing agent is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of ethoxylated phosphate / alkylphenol mixtures, lignosulfonates, advantageously sodium, and a mixture of these two dispersing agents.
• compositions according to the present invention may comprise an antifoaming agent, advantageously present in the composition in a proportion of 0.01 to 1%, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5%, especially 0.1 to 0.2%.
• the antifoam agent is advantageously chosen from siloxane derivatives, such as dimethoxypolysiloxane.
• compositions according to the present invention may comprise a thickening agent, advantageously present in the composition in a proportion of from 0.01 to 1%, advantageously from 0.5 to 1.5%, especially from 0.7 to 1% by weight relative to to the total weight of the composition.
• the thickening agent is advantageously chosen from the group consisting of xanthan gum, guar gum, locust bean gum, carrageenan, gum arabic, tara gum, agar-agar, gum gel and the mixture of at least two of these gums, a clay, advantageously attapulgite or a mixture of these thickening agents.
• compositions according to the present invention may comprise a preservative, advantageously present in the composition in a proportion of 0.01 to 1%, advantageously 0.05 to 0.2%, especially about 0.1% by weight relative to to the total weight of the composition.
• the preserving agent is advantageously chosen from the group of isothiazolinones having conservative properties, such as benzisothiazolinone.
• compositions according to the present invention may comprise an inert organic solvent, advantageously present in the composition in a proportion of from 0.1 to 10%, advantageously from 2 to 8%, especially from 3 to 6% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition. composition.
• the inert organic solvent is advantageously selected from the group consisting of glycols, such as monoethylene glycol and monopropylene glycol.
• the present invention also relates to a composition of formula (II) comprising: From 15 to 45%, advantageously from 20 to 30%, in particular approximately 25%, of the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal, relative to the total weight of the composition,
• systemic and / or penetrating antifungal, the contact antifungal and the transcortical penetration agent are as defined for the compositions of formula (I).
• the composition of formula (II) comprises a penetrating and / or systemic antifungal chosen from the group consisting of triazoles, advantageously tetraconazole, cyproconazole or tebuconazole, a contact antifungal chosen from the group consisting of chlorothalonil, fluazinam and zinc metiram and a transcortical penetrating agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, phosphate / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol mixtures, phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols and ethoxylated C 10 -C 14 phosphate / alcohols, and sodium diethylcyclohexyl sulfosuccinate .
• a penetrating and / or systemic antifungal chosen from the group consisting of triazoles, advantageously tetraconazole, cyproconazole or tebuconazole, a contact antifungal chosen from the
• compositions of formula (IIa) the active substances are tetraconazole and chlorothalonil, cyproconazole and chlorothalonil, tetraconazole and metiram zinc, tebuconazole and chlorothalonil or tebuconazole and zinc metiram and the Transcortical penetrating agent is a fluorosurfactant, a phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols mixture or ethoxylated C 10 -C 14 alcohols, preferably a phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols or ethoxylated C 10 to C 14 alcohols mixture or mixture. of these two mixtures.
• the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and the transcortical penetrating agent is a phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols or ethoxylated C 10 to C 14 alcohols or phosphate mixture. these two mixtures.
• the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal is present in the composition in a proportion of 20 to 30%, especially around 25%, relative to the total weight of the composition
• the contact antifungal is present in a proportion of 20 to 30%.
• % in particular about 25%, relative to the total weight of the composition
• the transcortical penetration agent is present in a proportion of 0.5 to 2%, especially 0.5 to 1%, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• compositions according to the present invention in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil allow the penetration of the active substances to a depth of at least 10%, advantageously at least 20%, in particular at least 50% relative to the thickness of the wood, especially woody parts measured from the surface external to the heart, the bark of the wood, especially woody parts not included in the thickness of the wood, especially woody parts.
• the present invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, characterized in that the quantity of active substances having penetrated into the wood, in particular the woody parts, of more than one an, as measured according to the method of determination of the depth of penetration described above is at least 60 mg of active substances, preferably at least 75 mg per kg of wood at a depth of 0 to 1, 5 mm.
• the present invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, characterized in that the quantity of active substances having penetrated into the wood, in particular the woody parts, of more than one year. as measured by the method of determination of the depth of penetration described above is at least 20 mg of active substances, preferably at least 25 mg, per kg of wood at a depth of 1.5 to 3 mm in old wood.
• the present invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, characterized in that the quantity of active substances having penetrated into the wood, in particular the woody parts, of more than one year. as measured by the method of determination of the penetration depth described above is at least 2 mg of active substances, preferably at least 4 mg, preferably at least 5 mg, per kg of wood. at a depth greater than 3 mm.
• the present invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, characterized in that the quantity of active substances which has penetrated the wood, especially the ligneous parts, of the year, such as that measured by the method of determination of the depth of penetration described above is at least 2 mg of active substances, in particular 2.8 mg per kg of wood at a depth of 0 to 1.5 mm in the wood, especially woody parts, of the year.
• the present invention also relates to a composition as defined above in which the active substances are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil, characterized in that the quantity of active substances which has penetrated the wood, especially the ligneous parts, of the year, such as that measured according to the method of determination of the depth of penetration described above is at least 0.7 mg of active substances, in particular 0.75 mg per kg of wood at a depth of 1.5 mm at the pith .
• the present invention also relates to a composition of formula (III) comprising, or consisting of, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition: 20 to 30%, advantageously about 25%, of at least one penetrating and / or systemic antifungal,
• systemic and / or penetrating antifungal wherein the systemic and / or penetrating antifungal, the contact antifungal, the transcortical penetration agent, the dispersing agent, the antifoaming agent, the preservative, the thickening agent and the organic solvent are as defined for the compositions of formula (I).
• the present invention also relates to a particular composition of formula (IIIa) comprising or consisting of, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition:
• tetraconazole 20 to 30%, advantageously about 25% of tetraconazole, cyproconazole or tebuconazole, preferably tebuconazole.
• chlorothalonil fluazinam or zinc metiram, preferably chlorothanil
• a thickening agent advantageously xanthan gum and attapulgite
• the composition is a concentrated suspension of formula (IV) comprises a systemic and / or penetrating antifungal, preferably tebuconazole and a contact antifungal, preferably chlorothalonil, in which the active substances have a synergistic effect, that is to say that the activity of the composition comprising the two active substances is greater than the theoretical activity calculated from that of the compositions comprising only one of the same active substances.
• the method for determining the existence of a synergistic effect is described in Example 4 of the present application and consists in comparing the IC 90 (or 50) and the theoretical CI 90 (or 50) calculated from the results obtained for each of the active substances alone and for the association using the following equation:
• said active substances having a synergistic effect are tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and the transcortical penetration agent is a phosphate / C 9 to C 10 alcohols or ethoxylated C 10 to C 14 alcohols mixture, or a mixture of these two mixtures.
• the penetrating and / or systemic antifungal agent being present in the composition in a proportion of 20 to 30%, in particular approximately 25%, relative to the total weight of the composition
• the contact antifungal being present in a proportion of 20 to 30% , in particular about 25%, relative to the total weight of the composition
• the transcortical penetration agent being present in a proportion of 0.5 to 2%, especially 0.5 to 1%, relative to the total weight of the composition. composition.
• composition is a composition of formula (IVa), comprising or consisting of, by weight relative to the total weight of the composition:
• a phosphate / fatty alcohol mixture preferably a phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols or phosphate / C 10 to C 14 ethoxylated alcohols mixture, or a mixture of these two mixtures
• 0.05 to 0.5% advantageously 0.1 to 0.2% of dimethoxypolysiloxane, 0.05 to 0.2%, advantageously about 0.1% of a preservative, advantageously a thiazolidinone, preferably isobenzothiazolidinone,
• a thickening agent advantageously xanthan gum and attapulgite
• compositions of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) according to the present invention are free of a third active substance.
• a triazolyl derivative in particular a triazolyl derivative selected from the group consisting of compounds of formula:
• X H
• Y O
• Z (CH 2 ) 4
• X SH
• Y a single bond to R 1
• Z CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -
• compositions according to the present invention in the form of a concentrated suspension are used in the form of a suspension diluted in water.
• the present invention therefore also relates to a diluted suspension comprising a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa).
• the term "dilute suspension” is intended to mean a composition in which the solid, water-insoluble active substances are kept in suspension and in which water represents the major part by volume of the total volume of the substance. suspension.
• the diluted suspension comprises from 50 to 99% of water, especially from 90 to 99%, preferably approximately 96%, relative to the total volume of the diluted suspension.
• the concentrated suspension or the dilute suspension as defined above have antifungal activity against the fungi responsible for wood diseases, in particular the woody parts of a plant, in particular fruit trees and vines, and allow the penetration of the substances. active within the wood, including woody parts of the plant.
• the present invention therefore also relates to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) as described above for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one wood disease, in particular the woody parts of a plant, advantageously wood, especially the woody parts of fruit trees or vines.
• the present invention relates more particularly to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising a concentrated suspension of formula
• the present invention relates more particularly to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I),
• the present invention also relates more particularly to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa) , (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) as described above for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one wood disease, especially woody parts of fruit trees caused by Erwinia amylovora, Nectria galligena or Phytophthora cactorum.
• compositions of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) according to the present invention are active against fungi associated with and / or responsible for wood diseases, particularly woody parts of trees, especially wood, especially woody parts of fruit trees and vines.
• the present invention therefore also relates to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) such as described above for the prevention and / or treatment of at least one wood disease, in particular woody parts of a plant, advantageously wood, especially woody parts of fruit trees or vines, associated or caused by Eutypa lata, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Botryospheria spp., Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phytophthora spp., Neonectria galligena and Erwinia amylovora.
• the plant is a lignified branch (after augury), advantageously more than a year.
• the present invention relates to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIa) ) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) as described above on a plant in the state of vegetative rest.
• the composition is used on the wood, in particular the woody parts, of a plant once a year, advantageously on a plant at a stage between the maturation of the previous year and the budburst of the current year.
• the fungicidal composition is in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or the dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) is used for the prevention and / or treatment of at least wood disease, especially woody parts as described above by methods commonly used in arboriculture, in particular by spraying on wood, especially the woody parts, by soaking the wood, especially the woody parts, by painting the wood, sores or by ground spraying.
• the present invention therefore relates to the use of a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa) , (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) in which the antifungal systemic and / or penetrating is tebuconazole and the contact antifungal is chlorothalonil for the prevention and / or treatment of a wood disease, especially woody parts of the vine associated with and / or caused by Diplodia Seriata, Neofusicoccum parvum and / or Fomitiporia mediterranea, especially Black Dead Arm and / or Esca in wood, especially the woody parts, of the vine.
• transcortical penetration agent is a fluorosurfactant, a phosphate mixture / alcohol C9-Cn or phosphate / C 10 alcohols ethoxylated C14, preferably a phosphate mixture / alcohol C9-Cn or phosphate / C 10 alcohols ethoxylated C14, or a mixture of these two mixtures.
• the present invention further relates to a method for preventing and / or treating wood diseases, in particular woody parts comprising a step of contacting the wood, in particular woody parts of a plant with a fungicidal composition occurring under the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising a concentrated suspension of formula
• the present invention relates more particularly to a method for preventing and / or treating wood diseases, in particular woody parts of the vine belonging to the group consisting of Eutypiose, Esca, Black dead arm (BDA) and the disease.
• Petrial or fruit tree diseases belonging to the group consisting of canker, European canker and fire blight comprising a step of contacting the wood, in particular the woody parts of a plant, in particular the vine or a fruit tree with a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I),
• the present invention relates more particularly to a method for preventing and / or treating wood diseases, in particular woody parts of the vine and fruit trees caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, Fomitiporia mediterranea, Eutypa lata, Botryospheria spp., Phytophthora spp., Neonectria galligena and Erwinia amylovora, comprising a step of contacting the wood, in particular the woody parts of a plant, in particular the vine or a fruit tree with a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II) , (III), (IV), (Ha), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa)
• the process is carried out with a dilute suspension comprising a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIIa), (IIIa) and (IVa), the proportion water in the diluted solution being 50 to 99%, especially 90 to 99%, preferably about 96%, based on the total volume of the diluted suspension.
• the concentration of concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) in the diluted suspension depends on the state of progression of wood disease, in particular woody parts, the age of the wood, in particular the woody parts and the method used for bringing the wood, in particular the woody parts, into contact with the composition of formula (I), (II) , (III), (IV), (Ha), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa).
• the plant is a lignified branch (after augury), advantageously more than a year.
• the present invention relates to a method in which the wood, in particular the woody parts, of the plant is brought into contact with a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III ), (IV), (Ha), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (liai), (Illa) and (IVa), once a year, said plant being in the state of vegetative rest.
• a fungicidal composition in the form of a concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III ), (IV), (Ha), (IIa), (IIIa) and (IVa) or a dilute suspension comprising concentrated suspension of formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (IIa), (liai), (Illa) and (IVa), once a year, said plant being in the state of vegetative rest
• the plant is at a stage between the maturation of the previous year and the budburst of the current year, in particular between the fall of the leaves of the previous year and the budburst of the current year, in particular between maturity of the woods and the end of bud burst (50% buds at BBCH 05 stage), especially between the fall of leaves from the previous year and the end of bud burst (50% buds at stage BBCH 05) .
• the contacting of the plant with the composition at this stage between the fall of the leaves of the previous year and the budburst of the current year makes it possible in particular to prevent the composition from being brought into contact with the leaf parts of the plant.
• the step of contacting the wood, in particular the woody parts of the plant, advantageously the vine or a fruit tree, can be implemented by various known methods. advantageously by spraying the composition onto the wood, especially the woody parts, by soaking the wood, in particular the woody parts in the composition, by painting the wounds of size or by spraying on the ground.
• the plant is contacted with a composition at a rate of 1000 g to 10 000 g of each of the active substances, preferably from 2000 g to 8000 g per hectare of wood to be treated.
• the present invention further relates to a kit for the preparation of a concentrated suspension as defined above.
• said kit may include: The at least two active substances in the form of solid particles in a first container,
• the at least one transcortical penetration agent in a second container is the at least one transcortical penetration agent in a second container.
• said kit may comprise:
• the first active substance chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals in the form of solid particles in a first container
• the second active substance chosen from contact antifungals in the form of solid particles in a second container chosen from contact antifungals in the form of solid particles in a second container
• the penetration of an active substance into the wood is improved by using a transcortical penetration agent and decreasing the median diameter of the particles.
• the present invention therefore also relates to the use of at least one active substance in the form of solid particles in suspension with a median diameter D 50 of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously of 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular of 0 , 7 to 0.8 ⁇ and a transcortical penetration agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, phosphate / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol mixtures, phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols and ethoxylated C 10 -C 14 phosphate / alcohols, and sodium diethylcyclohexyl sulfosuccinate to improve the penetration of the at least one active substance into the wood, especially the woody parts of a perennial plant, in particular a fruit tree or vine.
• a transcortical penetration agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, phosphate / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol mixtures, phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols and
• the present invention thus particularly relates to the use of at least two active substances in the form of suspended solid particles having a median diameter D 50 of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously of 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular of 0, 7 to 0.8 ⁇ , the first active substance being chosen from penetrating and / or systemic antifungals and the second active substance being chosen from the contact antifungals and one and a transcortical penetration agent chosen from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, ethoxylated or propoxylated phosphate / alcohol mixtures, ethoxylated C 9 -C 18 phosphate / alcohols and ethoxylated C 10 -C 14 alcohols, and sodium diethylcyclohexyl sulfosuccinate to improve the penetration of at least one of said active substances into the wood , especially the woody parts of a perennial plant, especially a fruit tree or vine.
• a transcortical penetration agent chosen from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants,
• the present invention relates to the use of at least two active substances in the form of suspended solid particles having a median diameter D 50 of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously of 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ . , in particular from 0.7 to 0.8 ⁇ , the first active substance being chosen from tetraconazole, tebuconazole, cyproconazole, cyprodinil, fenhexamide and fluodioxonil and the second active substance being chosen from chlorothalonil, fluazinam and zinc metiram, preferably tebuconazole and chlorothalonil and a transcortical penetrating agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, ethoxylated or propoxylated phosphate / alcohol mixtures, phosphate / alcohols ethoxylated C 9 to C 14 and ethoxylated C 10 to C 14 alcohols, and sodium diethylcyclohexyl sulfos
• the present invention relates to the use of a transcortical penetration agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, phosphate / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol mixtures, phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols and phosphate / C 10 alcohols.
• a transcortical penetration agent selected from the group consisting of fluorosurfactants, phosphate / ethoxylated or propoxylated alcohol mixtures, phosphate / C 9 -C 18 alcohols and phosphate / C 10 alcohols.
• a and a transcortical penetration agent and solid particles in suspension of diameter from 0.1 to 1 ⁇ , advantageously from 0.3 to 0.8 ⁇ , in particular from 0 , 7 to 0.8 ⁇ advantageously makes it possible to improve the penetration of at least one active substance to a depth of at least 0.1 mm from the surface of the wood by a factor of 1.5 to 3, in particular by a factor of about 2.
• Figures 1 to 4 represent the results of the tests for determining the penetration depth of the active substances in vine stock wood with different formulations.
• Figure 1 shows the average amount of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole measured in wood samples taken at a distance of 0 to 1.5 mm deep (in mg of active substance per kg of wood).
• Figure 2 shows the average amount of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole measured in wood samples taken at a distance of 1.5 to 3 mm deep (in mg of active substance per kg of wood).
• Figure 3 shows the average amount of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole measured in wood samples taken at a distance of 3 to 5 mm (in mg of active substance per kg of wood).
• Figure 4 shows the average amount of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole measured in wood samples taken at a distance of 0 to 1.5 mm deep, 1.5 to 3 mm deep and at a distance of 3 to 5 mm depth (in mg of active substance per kg of wood).
• Figure 5 shows the samples of vine used in the tests for determining the penetration depth of the active substances with formulations 3 and 4 in the woody parts of vine stock (wood of more than one year old) with and without bark.
• Figure 6 shows the structure of the woody parts of a perennial plant. This structure is found in all perennial plants, especially in the vineyard and in fruit trees such as apple, pear, peach, plum and cherry.
• Example 1 Determination of the penetration depth of the active substances:
• the active substances are extracted from the wood, in particular woody parts according to the following extraction protocol:
• the extract is then evaporated to dryness with a rotary evaporator and taken up in 2 ml of ethyl acetate.
• the sample thus prepared is analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer on a Clarus® 500 GC-MS from Perkin Elmer.
• the assay is performed in SIM (Single Ion Monitoring) mode with one ion for quantification and two "qualifying" ions per compound. Calibration was performed from solutions containing the 2 internal standards and the 2 active substances at different concentrations.
• SIM mode analyzes Single Ion Chiorothaioni! 264 i 266, ⁇ ' ' 268 Monitoring
• Ions in bold are those selected pout '91 / 119/134
• Formulation 1 is a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension without transcortical penetration agent, in which the particles of active substances have a median diameter D 50 as measured under the conditions of Example 3 of 1.50 ⁇ .
• Formulation 2 is a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension without transcortical penetration agent, in which the particles of active substances have a median diameter D 50 as measured under the conditions of Example 3 of 0.77 ⁇ .
• Formulation 3 is a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension according to the invention, in which the particles of active substances have a median diameter D 50 as measured under the conditions of Example 1 of 0.77 ⁇ and in which is present a transcortical penetration agent.
• Formulation 4 is a composition in the form of a concentrated suspension, in which the particles of active substances have a median diameter D 50 as measured under the conditions of Example 3 of 1.60 ⁇ and in which there is present a transcortical penetration agent.
• the formulations 1 and 2 allow the penetration of a quantity of active substances approximately two times less in comparison with the formulation 3 according to the invention, in which the agent transcortical penetration is present.
• the size of the particles has no significant influence on the penetration of the active substances when no transcortical penetration agent is present in the formulation.
• the quantity of active substances having penetrated into the wood, in particular the woody parts with the formulation 3 is almost twice the quantity of the same active substances having penetrated in the wood, especially the woody parts with the formulations 1 and 2.
• the amount of active substance present in this layer is close to 0.
• Example 2 Study of the effect of particle size in a formulation containing a transcortical penetration agent
• Comparative formulation 4 has a composition identical to composition 3.
• the size of the active substance particles in formulation 4 is however 1.6 ⁇ (against 0.77 ⁇ for formulation 3).
• the quantity of active substances having penetrated into the wood, in particular the woody parts with the formulation 3 is much greater than the quantity of active substances having penetrated the wood, in particular woody parts with the formulation 4.
• Example 3 Determination of the size of the particles of active substances:
• the apparatus used in this example is a CILAS 715 laser granulometer.
• the presence of particles within a coherent beam of light causes diffraction that results in the existence of light outside the geographic limits of the beam.
• the low-power ruby laser illuminates in parallel beams a vessel containing the sample of analytes suspended in deionized water.
• the beam leaving the tank is focused by a convergent optical system.
• the distribution of light energy in the focal plane of the system is then analyzed using a multi-cell detection set.
• the program waits for the introduction of the sample, it is therefore necessary: - Activate the button "Signals in real time", to display the product concentration indicator (at the bottom of the table ). - Introduce the sample, the concentration must be between 150 and 200. Manually activate the ultrasound during the introduction.
• the median particle diameter is calculated directly by the device.
• Example 4 Study of the Effect of Tebuconazole, Chlorothalonil and a Tebuconazole / Chlorothalonil Mixture on Germination of Fungus Spores Associated with Wood Diseases, Including Woody Parts of the Vine
• Formulation 3 was used in this experiment and compared with two formulations 5 and 6, devoid of one of the two active substances but of identical composition (the amount of active substance omitted is replaced by water).
• Formulation 5 lacks tebuconazole.
• Formulation 6 is devoid of chlorothalonil.
• the fungi on which the formulations 3, 5 and 6 were tested are Phaemoniella chlamydospora (81pep), Phaeoacremonium aleophilum (LR 23), Diplodia seriata (F98-01), Neofusicoccum parvum (NpSV) and Eutypa lata.
• the mushrooms are subcultured on a malt-agar medium (15 g of malt and 20 g of agar per liter of permutated water, sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes) in a petri dish for multiplication.
• a malt-agar medium (15 g of malt and 20 g of agar per liter of permutated water, sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes
• the conidia of Phaemoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum are obtained from cultures of these fungi. Conidia are obtained by rinsing the fungal colony with a few milliliters of sterile permuted water.
• the suspension of conidia in the permutated water is then adjusted to 100-200 conidia per ⁇ .
• the conidia of Diplodia seriata are obtained from pycnidia which developed in less than three weeks of culture on the malt-agar medium.
• the pycnidia are removed from and cultured in sterile water so that they release the conidia.
• Neofusicoccum parvum Conidia of Neofusicoccum parvum are obtained from pycnidia that developed on fragments of vine shoots.
• Ascospores at Eutypa lata are obtained from perithecia located on dead vines of Eutypiose. The periceths are decapitated superficially, isolated one by one and immersed in sterile water for about 2 hours. The concentration of ascospores is then adjusted to 100-200 conidia per ⁇ .
• the culture medium is a malt-agar medium (15 g of malt and 20 g of agar per liter of permutated water, sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes).
• the medium containing the fungicides is prepared by diluting the studied formulation in deionized water which is added to the culture medium. The mixture is then homogenized and distributed in petri dishes 90 mm in diameter.
• the final concentrations of each active substance in the medium are as follows: 0.0005; 0.005; 0.05; 0.5; 5; 50 and 500 mg / L.
• the percentage of spore germination is evaluated relative to a control placed under the same conditions.
• Two petri dishes are incubated at 25 ° C. for a period necessary for the spores of the control box to have sprouted between 90 and 100%.
• Phaemoniella chlamydospora Phaemoniella chlamydospora:
• chlorothalonil does not inhibit spore germination.
• tebuconazole alone and the combination of the two active substances completely inhibit spore germination.
• Phaeoacremonium aleophilum Chlorothalonil does not inhibit spore germination at the tested concentrations. Tebuconazole does not prevent spore germination, but inhibits elongation from a concentration of 5 mg / l.
• the combination of the two active substances inhibits spore germination from a concentration of 0.1 mg / l.
• Chlorothalonil does not inhibit spore germination at the tested concentrations.
• Chlorothalonil inhibits spore germination from a concentration of 5 mg / l.
• Tebuconazole alone does not inhibit spore germination at the tested concentration.
• the combination of the two active substances completely inhibits spore germination from a concentration of 0.5 mg / l of each of the active substances.
• Chlorothalonil and tebuconazole inhibit spore germination at concentrations of 5 and 50 mg / l, respectively.
• Inhibition of spore germination is complete with formulation 3 from 0.5 mg / l of each of the active substances in combination.
• Example 5 Study of the effect of tebuconazole, chlorothalonil and a tebuconazole / chlorothalonil mixture on the mycelial growth of mushrooms associated with vine wood.
• Formulation 3 was used in this experiment and compared with two formulations 5 and 6, devoid of one of the two active substances but of identical composition (the amount of active substance omitted is replaced by water.
• Formulation 5 lacks tebuconazole.
• Formulation 6 is devoid of chlorothalonil.
• the fungi on which the formulations 3, 5 and 6 were tested are Diplodia seriata (F98-01), Neofusicoccum parvum (NpSV), Eutypa lata (St309) and Formitiporia mediterranea (F2010-1).
• the culture medium is a malt-agar medium (15 g of malt and 20 g of agar per liter of permutated water, sterilized at 120 ° C for 20 minutes).
• the medium containing the fungicides is prepared by diluting the studied formulation in deionized water which is added to the culture medium. The mixture is then homogenized and distributed in petri dishes 90 mm in diameter.
• the final concentrations of each active substance in the medium are as follows: 0.0005; 0.005; 0.05; 0.5; 5; 50 and 500 mg / L.
• Discs 6 mm in diameter, cut with a punch are arranged in sterile conditions in each box. For each test, three repetitions are performed. The Petri dishes are incubated at 25 ° C for a time necessary for the fungus to grow up to 1 or 2 cm from the edges of a Petri dish.
• the concentration of active ingredient required to inhibit mycelial growth at 50% (IC50) or at 90% (IC90) is calculated from the regression line of% efficiency vs. logarithm concentration of fungicide .
• the value of the fungicide concentration that is lethal to the fungus is obtained according to the following methodology; the mycelial implants which did not develop on the media with fungicide are transplanted on a culture medium malt-agar, without fungicide. The Petri dishes are then incubated at room temperature. The non-recovery of the mycelial implant is noted. Study of antagonism, additivity and synergy of active ingredients in fungicide combinations:
• the interactions between the fungicides in the composition 3 are studied according to the method of Wadley. With the curves plotted for each active substance taken alone or for the combination, the IC50 and CI90 can be determined for each fungicide and for the combination of fungicide.
• Tebuconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth from a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. Only the concentration of 500 mg / l is lethal.
• Chlorothalonil has no fungicidal activity at the tested concentrations but strongly inhibits mycelial development from a concentration of 50 mg / l.
• the combination of the two fungicides does not improve these results and an additivity action between the two fungicides is observed.
• Tebuconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth from a concentration of 50 mg / l. Only the concentration of 500 mg / l is lethal.
• Chlorothalonil has no fungicidal activity at the tested concentrations but strongly inhibits mycelial development from a concentration of 500 mg / l.
• the combination of the two fungicides makes it possible to improve these results and a synergistic action between the two fungicides is observed (IC50 of 0.004 versus 0.006 for tebuconazole alone).
• Neof sicocc m parvum
• Tebuconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth from a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. Only the concentration of 500 mg / l is lethal.
• Chlorothalonil has no fungicidal activity at the tested concentrations but strongly inhibits mycelial development at the concentration of 500 mg / l.
• Tebuconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth from a concentration of 0.5 mg / l. None of the tested concentrations are lethal.
• Chlorothalonil has no fungicidal activity at the tested concentrations but strongly inhibits mycelial development from a concentration of 5 mg / l.
• the activity of chlorothalonil and tebuconazole varies according to the fungus studied. A synergistic effect between the active substances is observed on the spore germination of Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and on the mycelial growth of Neofusicoccum parvum, Diplodia seriata and Fomitoporia mediterranea.
• Example 6 Study of the effect of other antifungals alone or in mixtures on the mycelial growth of fungi associated with the wood of the vine.
• Tetraconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth from a concentration of 5 mg / L.
• the lethal dose of tetraconazole of 50 mg / L.
• Cyproconazole completely inhibits mycelial growth in Eutypa Lata from a concentration of 1 mg / L.
• the lethal dose of cyproconazole is 10 mg / L.
• Zinc metiram and chlorothalonil do not completely inhibit mycelial growth in Eutypa Lata.
• Chlorothalonil and zinc metiram have a low activity on the mycelial growth of this fungus.
• the combination of tebuconazole and zinc metiram leads to a synergistic action.
• the lethal dose is reduced to 5 mg / L.
• Tetraconazole and zinc metiram completely inhibit mycelial growth at a concentration of 500 mg / L.
• Cyproconazole and chlorothalonil show low activity against Diplodia Seriata.
• Neof sicocc m parvum
• Tetraconazole and cyproconazole completely inhibit mycelial growth at a concentration of 500 mg / L.
• Chlorothalonil and zinc metiram have moderate activity on mycelial growth of this fungus.
• Tetraconazole (10 mg / L), cyproconazole (500 mg / L), and zinc metiram (500 mg / L) completely inhibit mycelial growth. They are all fungicidal.
• Tebuconazole, tetraconazole and cyproconazole completely inhibit mycelial growth at a concentration of 50 mg / L. these three substances are fungicidal at a concentration of 100 mg / L.
• Zinc metiram and chlorothaloml completely inhibit mycelial growth at concentrations of 100 mg / L and 500 mg / L, respectively.
• Tebuconazole, tetraconazole and cyproconazole completely inhibit mycelial growth at a concentration of 50 mg / L. these three substances are fungicidal at a concentration of 100 mg / L.
• Zinc metiram and chlorothaloml completely inhibit mycelial growth at concentrations of 100 mg / L and 500 mg / L, respectively.
• Example 7 Study of the effect of the compositions on the growth of pathogens associated with wood of fruit trees Phytophthora spp. and Neonectria galligena.
• Formulations 3, 5 and 6 were tested under conditions similar to those described in Example 4 on Phytophthora spp. and Neonectria galligena.
• Example 8 Study of the effect of other antifungals alone or in mixtures on the growth of pathogens associated with wood of fruit trees Phytophthora spp. and Neonectria galligena.
• the nephelometry method is used on sporulating strains (Joubert et al, Laser nephelometry aplied in an automated microplate system to study filamentous fungus growth, Biotechniques 48: 399-404, 2010).
• Strains are grown on suitable agar media in an oven at 20 ° C, 8 days before their use to be in the exponential phase of their growth.
• the fungal suspension is prepared extemporaneously at a concentration of 1.34 conidium.mL-1 for Pc and 4.44 conidium.mL-1 for Ch. 100 ⁇ l of the suspension is used for the tests.
• the tests are carried out in microplates of 96 wells. Doses 0ppm, 0.1ppm, 0.3ppm, 1ppm, 3ppm, 10ppm, 30ppm, 100ppm, 300ppm, 1000ppm and 3000ppm (final concentration of the substance) will be tested per product.
• Target species / formulation Three technical repetitions per modality (target species / formulation) are performed.
• Controls are added by target pathogen: a positive growth control and the products alone at the highest doses.
• the product A strongly inhibits the growth of the fungus Pcactorum:
• the inhibitory concentration of 50% is around 200 ppm.
• the inhibitory concentration of 90% is reached below the 1000 ppm dose. The lethal dose was not observed.
• Product B (chlorothalonil) strongly inhibits the growth of the fungus Pcactorum: The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) is slightly below 10 ppm. The inhibitory concentration of 90% (CI90) is reached at the 1000 ppm dose. The lethal dose was not observed.
• IC50 50% inhibitory concentration
• CI90 90%
• IC50 and IC90 are below 10 and 1000 ppm, as with product B.
• Neonectria sallisena (Cylindrocarpon heteronema)
• Neonectria galligena strongly inhibits the growth of the fungus Neonectria galligena: the IC50 is reached at a concentration around 230 ppm. The CI90 is reached at a concentration around 800 ppm. The lethal dose is obtained at 1000 ppm
• Product B (chlorothalonil) strongly inhibits the growth of the fungus Neonectria galligena: the IC50 is slightly reached around 100 ppm. The CI90 is reached around 250 ppm. The lethal dose is obtained from 300 ppm
• chlorothalonil induces the fastest inhibition of fungal growth. Tebuconazole causes a decrease in growth, but at higher doses than chlorothalonil.
• compositions according to the invention are useful for inhibiting the growth of Phytophthora cactorum and Neonectria galligena and thus for the treatment of canker sores and European canker in fruit trees, such as apple trees.

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