EP3317606A1 - Système de charges explosives pour projectiles d'artillerie - Google Patents

Système de charges explosives pour projectiles d'artillerie

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Publication number
EP3317606A1
EP3317606A1 EP15739498.2A EP15739498A EP3317606A1 EP 3317606 A1 EP3317606 A1 EP 3317606A1 EP 15739498 A EP15739498 A EP 15739498A EP 3317606 A1 EP3317606 A1 EP 3317606A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
powder
propellant charge
powder type
charge system
type
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP15739498.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3317606B1 (fr
Inventor
Peter ZOSS
Dominik Antenen
Ulrich Schaedeli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nitrochemie Wimmis AG
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Nitrochemie Wimmis AG
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Publication of EP3317606A1 publication Critical patent/EP3317606A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
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Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/38—Separately-loaded propellant charges, e.g. cartridge bags
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C06B45/28—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the component base containing nitrocellulose and nitroglycerine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B25/00—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound
    • C06B25/18—Compositions containing a nitrated organic compound the compound being nitrocellulose present as 10% or more by weight of the total composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
    • C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a propellant charge system for the shelling of artillery shells, in particular for 105 mm howitzers, constructed on a combination of two different powder types with diffused inert plasticizer in near-surface zones and substantially without diffused inert plasticizer.
  • a propellant charge system for the shelling of artillery shells in particular for 105 mm howitzers, constructed on a combination of two different powder types with diffused inert plasticizer in near-surface zones and substantially without diffused inert plasticizer.
  • a howitzer is an artillery gun characterized by a relatively short barrel and the ability to shoot relatively heavy missiles of relatively small masses of charge, which missiles can reach high trajectories and are fired at a steep launch angle.
  • 105mm howitzer systems also known as field artillery
  • the proliferation of this type of weapon has massively increased during World War I, and since then, the destructive power of artillery weapon systems has shaped the battlefields.
  • the field artillery guns are important tools to enable the targeted destructive power. Equally important for achieving the destructive effect is the ammunition to be fired.
  • the weapon allows a bullet reliably and accurately transported to the target area, while the desired target effect is brought about by the appropriately designed ammunition.
  • the M3 howitzer could shoot the same ammunition as the M2 version, but more explosive powders had to be used for propulsion because of the shorter barrel.
  • the production of M2 and M3 systems was recorded in 1941. In use, these weapon systems were convincing due to their high accuracy and great lethal effect. Thanks to these qualities, combined with their production in large numbers, this weapon family became the standard howitzer system in many nations after the war, although these are still widespread in active use today. Overall, the M 101 howitzer system was deployed in a total of 67 different armies worldwide, making it the most successful artillery system ever produced. Over the years, the original types of ammunition became the standard for various new ammunition variants of later systems, which took into account the specific needs of each country.
  • the last example is the system Oto Melara Mod 56.
  • This is a 105 mm Howitzer of Italian origin, which can shoot ammunition of the US type M 1.
  • the Oto Melara 105 mm Mod 56 howitzer was put into operation in the 1950s. Because of its low weight, she was primarily from the Mountain Artillery used by the Italian Alpini Brigade. Also, this weapon can always be transported without disassembly by helicopter, which in the 60s, the interest of other, mainly western nations evoked. Overall, the Mod 56 howitzer was used in more than 30 nations worldwide. Currently, this weapon system is still in active use in at least 23 nations, including Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Thailand and Venezuela.
  • the deep charge powders must be designed so that burnup at relatively low pressures is as complete as possible to minimize the ejection of unburned powder particles at the gun mouth.
  • the maximum loadable amount of powder is used.
  • the maximum possible amount of gas is released to accelerate the projectile in the gun barrel, so that the Pulverabbrand takes place at a relatively high pressure level, which may go up to the system limit of the 105 mm Haubitzensystems used. Since the powder burn-up is significantly accelerated by higher pressures, the powders used in the higher charges must be designed accordingly, ie they must react much more lazily compared to the powders of the deep charges.
  • a disadvantage of the known propulsion systems for artillery shells is that important ballistic characteristics such as muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure are influenced by the ambient temperature, with the lowest values set at cold temperatures and rising continuously with increasing temperature. Therefore, the ambient temperature has a direct impact on the performance and the accuracy of the weapon.
  • the applied surface treatment parameters in particular the amount of camphor used, have different effects on the temperature coefficients, depending on the type of weapon.
  • an increase in the amount of camphor leads to a flattening of the warm branches of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure, ie the pressure increase decreases (US 8,353,994 B2).
  • an increase in the amount of camphor opposite ie the hot branches of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure are steeper resp. the pressure increase increases (WO 2014/1 1 7280 A1).
  • the camphor quantities must be between typically 3 and 5 percent by weight, so that the lowest possible increase in the number of hot dogs occurs.
  • the amount of camphor must be as small as possible in mortar systems must be selected ( ⁇ 0.5%) or must even be omitted altogether, so that the hot branches of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure give the least possible increase.
  • nitroglycerin-containing propellants usually so-called ball powders
  • ball powders have only a relatively small distribution and are only used for special applications, such as for high-performance cargoes (uniform charge).
  • the most common powder type in the 105 mm artillery consists of a grain matrix containing essentially nitrocellulose, about 10% dinitrotoluene (DNT) and about 5% of the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate (DBP).
  • DNT dinitrotoluene
  • DBP plasticizer dibutyl phthalate
  • the ballistic stability due to the diffusion of the plasticizer dibutyl phthalate is insufficient, especially when used in hot climates.
  • nitroglycerin and dinitrotoluene powders known for 105 mm artillery applications can both contain dibutyl phthalate as plasticizer.
  • dinitrotoluene and dibutyl phthalate are not compatible with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) and may therefore no longer be used in the European Union in the future.
  • the propellant charge system to be protected can in principle also be used in other artillery caliber ranges, e.g. in 1 55mm systems.
  • the wall thicknesses would have to be adjusted in a manner known to those skilled in the art for the powders used.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a the aforementioned technical field associated propulsion system in which the peak gas pressure and thus the muzzle velocity in a wide temperature range, especially between -46 ° C and 63 ° C, the smallest possible variance with respect to the peak gas pressure and the Muzzle velocity at 21 ° C has.
  • the peak gas pressure at the highest possible charge to reach the maximum range at an ambient temperature of 63 ° C should not be significantly higher than at an ambient temperature of 21 ° C.
  • the powder burn even at low loads and an ambient temperature in the range of -46 ° C without residue, wherein the achieved muzzle velocities should not deviate significantly from the muzzle velocity at an ambient temperature of 21 ° C.
  • the propellant charge system should have a high chemical and ballistic stability and manage without toxic substances.
  • the propellant charge system should have a high thermal conversion rate at low charges, while at high charges the highest possible thermal efficiency should be achieved.
  • a propellant charge system for the shelling of artillery shells comprises at least two partial charges.
  • Each partial charge has as drive each a powder type which comprises nitrocellulose, at least one crystalline energy carrier and at least one first inert plasticizer.
  • At least one partial charge consists of a first powder type and the at least one further partial charge consists of a second powder type.
  • the second powder type has a penetration depth of at most 400 micrometers in the range of near-surface zones between 2 to 10 weight percent of a second inert plasticizer, while the first type of powder in near-surface zones has no second inert plasticizer.
  • no second inert plasticizer is meant a concentration of the second inert plasticizer in the first powder type near-surface zones of 0 weight percent. It has now surprisingly been found that a propellant charge system for shelling artillery shells, especially for 105 mm howitzers, constructed on the Combining two different types of powder with a second inert plasticizer and without second inert plasticizer in near-surface zones gives unpredictable good internal ballistic properties Since the second inert plasticizer is preferably diffused into the near-surface zones, in the following application, the second powder type is diffused with second inert plasticizer and the first type of powder without diffused second inert plasticizer the speech.
  • the lowest orifice velocities and peak gas pressures set at the coldest firing temperature and increase continuously with increasing firing temperature ie the highest values are normally achieved at the highest firing temperature allowed for a powder type.
  • the internal ballistic characteristics of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure are only slightly influenced by the ambient temperature.
  • the transition from 2 1 ° C to 63 ° C the increase of the peak gas pressure is minimal. This opens up the possibility of the weapon in normal conditions, i. At temperatures around 21 ° C, to operate at a higher pressure level than is possible with conventional charging systems, since the slight variance of the peak gas pressure with increasing Beschusemperatur this does not exceed the maximum allowable gas pressure of the pipe of the howitzer used. As a result, the performance of a howitzer system can be increased and it opens the possibility to increase the range by using an additional charge.
  • a second inert plasticizer in near-surface zones of the second powder type is preferably carried out by a corresponding surface treatment, for example by placing a semifinished product of the second powder type with a solution of the second inert plasticizer in an organic solvent.
  • the following application also refers to powder types with and without surface treatment, wherein the powder type with surface treatment in the near-surface areas containing the second inert plasticizer in a concentration of 2 to 10 weight percent and the powder type without surface treatment no second inert plasticizer in the near-surface areas having.
  • Both powder types contain as main component nitrocellulose mixtures with an average nitrogen content of preferably around 13.25%.
  • a crystalline energy carrier and at least one first inert plasticizer include both powder types a crystalline energy carrier and at least one first inert plasticizer.
  • the powder types further include at least one muzzle fire damper, such as.
  • at least one muzzle fire damper such as.
  • potassium sulfate, potassium bitartrate or potassium nitrate in amounts of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, preferably from 1 to 3 wt .-%.
  • the drives also have stabilizers, such as Akardit II (CAS # 724-18-5), Centralit I (CAS #: 90-93-7) or diphenylamine (CAS #: 122-39-4), or pipe care additives, such as. Calcium carbonate (CAS-fr: 471 -34-1).
  • Nitrocellulose is obtained by nitration of cellulose (cotton linters, pulp) and has been the most important raw material for the production of one-, two- and three-base propellant powders for more than a hundred years. Nitrocellulose is available in large quantities at low prices and comes with a wide range of different chemical-physical properties such as nitrogen content, molecular weight or viscosity offered. These differences allow nitrocellulose to be processed into the various homogeneous types of propellant charge powder. The energy content of nitrocellulose is adjusted via the nitrogen content.
  • partial charges of the first type of powder for the lower zones of the firing board e.g. for charge 1
  • the partial charges with the second type of powder used for the upper zones of the shooting board are loaded into a sleeve, depending on which zone of the shooting board the artillery projectile is used for should.
  • the surface treatment of the second powder type of partial charges used for high charges causes the quotient of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure (v 0 / p max ) to be as high as possible, ie the muzzle velocities aimed at meeting the firing panel can be achieved at the lowest possible gas pressure ,
  • the surface treatment of the second powder type significantly reduces the rise of the hot branches of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure. As a result, the required muzzle velocity for the highest zones of the shooting board and therefore the highest required muzzle velocity without exceeding the gas pressure limit of the used Haubitzensystems can be achieved.
  • the internal ballistic requirements can not be achieved if the loading system would be constructed only from a single powder type, z. B. with a surface treatment with an average amount of the second inert plasticizer relative to the inventive second powder type. If only partial charges were used with the second powder type, the reaction and the ignition would be poor at the deep charges, so that a high proportion of unburned powder would be expelled from the tube. In addition, because of the poorer ignitability due to the phlegmatization of the surface, in particular in the cold region, significantly lower values and unacceptable scattering of muzzle velocity and peak gas pressure would have to be expected. On the other hand, if only partial charges were used with the first powder type, then the peak gas pressure would increase sharply when firing the highest charge to reach the required muzzle velocity for maximum range at high firing temperatures and exceed the allowable pressure limits.
  • the first type of powder and the second type of powder comprise grains having a circular cylindrical geometry with longitudinal channels extending in the axial direction preferably the grains of the first powder type have one to four longitudinal channels and the grains of the second powder type have seven to nineteen longitudinal channels.
  • the longitudinal channels of the grains are arranged in a substantially circular area around the longitudinal axis of the grains. Between this area and the outer surface of the grains, the grains have a wall with a wall thickness.
  • the grains can be produced in particular by means of extrusion.
  • the wall thicknesses of the two powder types depend on the targeted artillery system.
  • the wall thickness of the first powder type is 0.4 - 1.2 mm, preferably 0.5 - 1.0 mm, while the grains of the second powder type have wall thicknesses of 0.3 - 1.1 mm, preferably 0.4 - 0.9 mm.
  • “Wall thickness” in the context of the present application, the distance between the outer surface of the grains and the area in which the longitudinal channels are arranged, understood.
  • the concentration of the second inert plasticizer in the near-surface zones of the second powder type is between 3 to ⁇ weight percent.
  • the at least one crystalline energy carrier is a nitramine compound of the general chemical structure R 1 -R 2 -N-NO 2 and preferably comprises hexogen (RDX) or octogen (HMX), in particular in a concentration of 0 to 30 weight percent, preferably 5 to 15 weight percent ,
  • the energy carrier is preferably present in crystalline form at room temperature. With these proportions in a base of nitrocellulose, it is achieved that the average distances between the individual crystals of the crystalline energy carrier are sufficiently large so that the individual crystals do not predominantly touch each other. This causes at Upon exposure to external mechanical stimuli, the shock pulse can not essentially be passed from one energy carrier crystal to the adjacent crystals. Thus, a primarily acting shock pulse is not multiplied and transmitted over the entire amount of powder.
  • the two compounds RDX and HMX of the general formula RN-NO 2 (R "radical") have a relatively small radical R, which represents a small proportion of the total molecule compared to the nitramine structural element, as a result of which the two compounds have a relatively high energy content ,
  • RDX is used as a crystalline energy source. It is cheaper and safer to manufacture compared to HMX. HMX is more expensive than RDX, but offers no special advantages. Other nitramine compounds (such as NIGU, etc.) have a relatively low inside air performance potential compared to RDX.
  • the crystalline energy carrier particularly preferably has a defined average particle size. So z. B. RDX preferably used with a mean particle size of 4 - 10 microns, in particular 6 microns. A particle size of the crystalline energy carrier which is as homogeneous and finely divided as possible is important in order to improve the grain burn-up and thereby improve the indoor-ballistic tracking potential.
  • nitrate esters are less chemically stable compared to nitramine compounds. It is also possible to use crystalline energy carriers based on nitramine, which additionally have nitrate ester groups in the molecular structure.
  • crystalline energy carriers examples include hexanitroisowurtzitane (CL-20, CAS # 14913-74-7), nitroguanidine (NIGU, NQ, CAS-fr 70-25-7, N-methylnitramine (tetryl, N-methyl-N, 2 , 4,6-tetranltrobenzenamine, CAS # 479-45-8), and nitrotriazolone (NTO, CAS-fr 932-64-9) and triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB, CAS # 3058-38-6), all of which may be sold individually or in combination with each other.
  • NIGU nitroguanidine
  • NQ NQ
  • CAS-fr 70-25-7 N-methylnitramine
  • tetryl tryl, N-methyl-N, 2 , 4,6-tetranltrobenzenamine, CAS # 479-45-8
  • NTO nitrotriazolone
  • TATB triaminotrinitrobenzene
  • the drives have the at least one first inert plasticizer in a concentration of 0 to 10 percent by weight, preferably from 1 to 5 percent by weight, wherein the first inert plasticizer is preferably distributed homogeneously in the Konrmatrix.
  • the resistance to mechanical stimuli can be significantly improved.
  • combinations of several inert plasticizers can be used to set the desired thermodynamic properties.
  • the grain structure of such drives can be adapted to the specific application (eg setting the burn-up characteristic on pipe length, bullet weight, etc. of the weapon system).
  • the at least one first plasticizer preferably comprises a carboxylic acid ester compound, in particular from the groups of the phthalate esters, citrate esters, terephthalic esters, stearate esters or adipate esters.
  • the second inert plasticizer preferably comprises at least one compound from the group comprising camphor, dialkyl phthalates and dialkyldiphenyl ureas.
  • Camphor (CAS-76-22-2) is particularly preferably used as the second inert plasticizer.
  • the first and second powder types of the at least two partial charges are preferably each received in a cylindrical cloth bag, wherein the cloth bags preferably have a passage opening along their longitudinal axis.
  • the partial charges for artillery propellants of the prior art are filled in rectangular bags. Depending on the zone of the shooting board, which is to be covered with fire, a suitable number of these bags is placed in a sleeve of an artillery projectile.
  • a disadvantage of the prior art bags that they can not be optimally inserted due to their rectangular configuration within the cylindrical sleeve of the projectile, creating relatively much empty space arises within the sleeve, which has a negative effect on the maximum possible load capacity of the powder in the sleeve and can lead to an irregular burnup.
  • cylindrical cloth bags can be achieved according to the present invention, a more optimal space utilization within a sleeve. Further eliminates the folding or rolling up of the bags before loading, which greatly simplifies the handling of the inventive propellant charge system.
  • the diameter of the cylinder base surface of the fabric bag preferably corresponds to the inner diameter of a sleeve in which the propellant charge system according to the invention is to be used.
  • the height of the cylinder can be varied depending on the required amount of powder of the respective partial charge.
  • At least one of the at least two partial charges preferably has at least one piece of tin foil as decoppering agent.
  • a propellant charge system with seven partial charges two pieces of tin foil are preferably added in several cloth bags.
  • the present application further relates to the use of a propellant charge system according to the invention for the purpose of shelling an artillery projectile, one to three partial charges being used to cover shooting distances in the lower area of a firing panel
  • one to six partial charges of the second type of powder may be used to cover shot ranges in the upper area of the firing board.
  • Production Example 1 Powder type 1 without surface treatment, for zone 1
  • a 1-hole (longitudinal channel) powder is prepared by mixing 150 kg of powder dough consisting of the solid fractions of 10% by weight of hexogen, 1 .3% by weight of acardite II, 1.2% by weight of potassium sulfate, 1 .5 %
  • a phthalate ester which is composed predominantly of linear C9-C1l alcohols having an average molecular weight of 450 g / mol and an average dynamic viscosity of 73 mPa * s at 20 ° C
  • nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content of 13.20 Gew.- (supplement to 100%) with the addition of diethyl ether and ethanol to a solvent-moist kneading dough is processed.
  • this kneading dough is pressed through a die with 1-hole geometry and 3.2 mm strand cross-section (ie extruded).
  • the extruded strands are cut to the desired length after predrying in air.
  • the remaining residual solvent is removed.
  • the resulting powder semifinished product is heated to 55 ° C and treated in a heated to 55 ° C polishing drum made of copper with 0.1% graphite and 2.5 liters of aqueous ethanol solution. The action is carried out under constant rotation for 2 hours, with the ethanol evaporating off continuously.
  • the powder After completion of the graphitization, the powder is bathed at 80 ° C for 22 hours, then spread on sheets and dried at 60 ° C for 22 hours.
  • the resulting powder has the following physical properties: 2.00 mm outer diameter, 5.04 mm length, 0.91 mm average wall thickness and 0.17 mm hole diameter, 3754 J / g heat content and 945 g / l bulk density.
  • Production Example 2 Powder type 2 with surface treatment, for zones 2-4
  • a 7-hole powder is prepared by adding 225 kg of a powder dough consisting of the solid portions of 16% by weight of hexogen, 1.3% by weight of acardite II, 1 .2% by weight of potassium sulfate, 1 .5% by weight .- a phthalic acid ester (which is composed mainly of linear C9-C 1 1-alcohols having an average molecular weight of 450 g / mol and with an average dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C of 73 mPa * s) and nitrocellulose having a nitrogen content of 13.20 Gew.- (supplement to 100%) with the addition of diethyl ether and ethanol to a solvent-moist kneading dough processed.
  • a phthalic acid ester which is composed mainly of linear C9-C 1 1-alcohols having an average molecular weight of 450 g / mol and with an average dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C of 73 mPa *
  • the kneading dough is pressed through a die having a 7-hole geometry and a 7.0 mm strand cross-section (that is to say extruded).
  • the extruded strands are cut to the desired length after predrying in air.
  • the remaining residual solvent is removed.
  • the resulting powder semifinished product is heated to 55 ° C and mixed in a heated to 55 ° C polishing drum made of copper with 0.1 2% graphite, 2.5% camphor and 4.5 liters of aqueous ethanol solution.
  • the action is carried out under constant rotation for 2 hours, with the ethanol evaporating off continuously.
  • the powder is bathed at 85 ° C for 30 hours, then spread on sheets and dried at 60 ° C for 22 hours.
  • the resulting powder has the following physical properties: 4.66 mm outside diameter, 9.03 mm length, 1 .05 mm average wall thickness and 0.1 5 mm hole diameter, 3653 J / g heat content and 957 g / l bulk density.
  • a 7-hole powder is prepared by adding 225 kg of a powder dough consisting of the solid fractions of 25% by weight of hexogen, 1 .3% by weight of acardite II, 1 .7% by weight of potassium sulfate, 1. 5 wt .-% of a phthalic acid ester (which is composed primarily of linear C9-C 1 1 -alcohols having an average molecular weight of 450 g / mol and with an average dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C of 73 mPa * s) and nitrocellulose with a Nitrogen content of 1 3.20 wt .-% (supplement to 100%) is added with the addition of diethyl ether and ethanol to a solvent-moist kneading dough.
  • the kneading dough is pressed through a die with 7-hole geometry and 8.0 mm strand cross-section (that is, extruded).
  • the extruded strands are cut to the desired length after predrying in air.
  • the remaining residual solvent is removed.
  • the resulting powder semifinished product is heated to 55 ° C and treated in a heated to 55 ° C polishing drum made of copper with 0.1 2% graphite and 7.5 liters of aqueous ethanol solution. The action is carried out under constant rotation for 2 hours, with the ethanol evaporating off continuously.
  • the powder is bathed at 85 ° C for 30 hours, then spread on sheets and dried at 60 ° C for 22 hours.
  • the resulting powder has the following physical properties: 5.66 mm outer diameter, 8.59 mm length, 1.31 mm average wall thickness and 0.14 mm hole diameter, 3679 J / g heat content and 969 g / l bulk density.
  • Cargo bag Donut-Bags NCW with central hole
  • Ignition cartridge M28E2 (Benite Primer)
  • Table 1 Charge masses of the powders used for zones 1 - 6
  • the novel charge build-up consisting of the combination according to the invention of two powder types with and without surface treatment, i. with diffused second inert plasticizer and without diffused second inert plasticizer, only very small drops in the muzzle velocity occur at low charges 1 - 2 in the cold zone, namely - 5.9 m / s at zone 1 and 8.6 m / s at zone 2.
  • the energy conversion into kinetic Energy is very efficient both in Zone 1, where only the powder is used without surface treatment, and in Zone 2, where the combination of both powder types with and without surface treatment is used, resulting in high thermal efficiencies of 33% (Zone 1). and 32% (Zone 2), despite the low peak gas pressures of ⁇ 500 bar.
  • the inventive combination of two powder types with and without surface treatment surprisingly allows the cold scrap of the orifice velocities to be relatively small, namely between 20-30 m / s for the zones 4 and 5, while At Zone 6 surprisingly virtually no cold waste sets, ie the peak gas pressures at -46 ° C and at 21 ° C are virtually identical.
  • the orifice velocities of the individual partial charges in the firing within the temperature range between -46 ° C and 21 ° C are only relatively slightly influenced by the ambient temperature, thereby increasing the probability of hit clearly increased.
  • the amount of powder was adjusted so that at 21 ° C results in a muzzle velocity of 652 m / s.
  • the peak gas pressure which adjusts for this speed, is only 3371 bar, ie the ratio v 0 / p max is relatively high as hoped.
  • the pressure reserve of 600 bar could be used if necessary to increase the efficiency by means of an additional charge for increased range.
  • FIG. 1 shows a propellant charge system according to the invention with seven partial charges in FIG
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of the propellant charge system in a sleeve of a
  • FIG. 1 shows a propellant charge system 1 according to the invention with six partial charges 2.1, 3.1-3.5.
  • the partial charges 2.1, 3.1 - 3.5 are each filled in a substantially cylindrical fabric bag.
  • the propellant charge system 1 shown comprises five second partial charges 3.1-3.5 with a second powder type as a drive, which in the region of near-surface zones to a penetration depth of at most 400 micrometers has between 2 and 10 percent by weight of a second inert plasticizer.
  • the propellant charge system 1 comprises a first partial charge 2.1 with a first type of powder as a drive, which does not have a second inert plasticizer in near-surface zones.
  • the first partial charge 2.1 serves to cover the lowermost area of the firing board, while the second partial charges 3.1-3.5 cover the upper areas of the firing board.
  • Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the inventive propellant charge system 1 in a sleeve 4 of an artillery projectile.
  • the first partial charge 2.1 below the second partial charges 3. 1 - 3.5 in the sleeve 4 is arranged.
  • the fabric bags of the partial charges 2.1, 3.1 - 3.4 have along their longitudinal axis on a through hole 5, in which an ignition screw 6 (indicated by dashed lines) is performed. Due to the cylindrical shape of the fabric bag, these can be very easily and save as much space within the sleeve 4 insert.

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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de charges explosives servant à tirer des projectiles d'artillerie comportant au moins deux charges explosives. Les charges explosives présentent chacune un type de poudre qui comprend de la nitrocellulose, au moins un vecteur d'énergie cristallin, ainsi qu'au moins un premier plastifiant inerte. Au moins une charge explosive présente un premier type de poudre, et la ou les autres charges explosives un deuxième type de poudre. Le deuxième type de poudre présente dans les zones proches de la surface sur une profondeur de pénétration maximale de 400 micromètres entre 2 et 10 % en poids d'un deuxième plastifiant inerte, tandis que le premier type de poudre ne présente pas de deuxième plastifiant inerte dans les zones proches de la surface.
EP15739498.2A 2015-07-03 2015-07-03 Système de charges explosives pour projectiles d'artillerie Active EP3317606B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/CH2015/000097 WO2017004726A1 (fr) 2015-07-03 2015-07-03 Système de charges explosives pour projectiles d'artillerie

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EP3317606A1 true EP3317606A1 (fr) 2018-05-09
EP3317606B1 EP3317606B1 (fr) 2020-06-10

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EP (1) EP3317606B1 (fr)
KR (1) KR20180055762A (fr)
CA (1) CA2990862C (fr)
WO (1) WO2017004726A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2555616B (en) 2016-11-04 2021-10-06 Bae Systems Plc Modular charge container
GB2555618B (en) * 2016-11-04 2021-12-29 Bae Systems Plc Munition charge container
KR102561531B1 (ko) * 2023-02-02 2023-07-28 최은영 포신 강선의 탈동기능을 갖는 추진장약

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5747723A (en) * 1996-11-26 1998-05-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Modular artillery charge system
EP1164116B1 (fr) 2000-06-15 2005-01-26 Nitrochemie Wimmis AG Procédé de production de matière à haute énergie fonctionelle
US6666141B2 (en) * 2001-07-09 2003-12-23 United Defense, L.P. Variable increment modular artillery propellant
SE523997C2 (sv) * 2002-02-08 2004-06-15 Nexplo Bofors Ab Avkoppringsmedel
EP1857429B1 (fr) 2006-05-19 2013-03-27 Nitrochemie Wimmis AG Propulseur pour l'accélération de projectiles
BR112014005789B1 (pt) * 2011-09-15 2020-06-23 Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag Sistema propelente multiperfurado isento de nitroglicerina, seu uso e método para produzir propelentes multiperfurados
US20150321969A1 (en) 2013-01-29 2015-11-12 Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag Powder for accelerating projectiles for mortar systems

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Publication number Publication date
KR20180055762A (ko) 2018-05-25
CA2990862C (fr) 2022-05-31
EP3317606B1 (fr) 2020-06-10
CA2990862A1 (fr) 2017-01-12
WO2017004726A1 (fr) 2017-01-12

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