Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
  • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/14—Form or construction
  • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
  • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
  • F01D5/12—Blades
  • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
  • F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
  • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
  • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
  • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
  • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
  • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
  • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
  • F04D29/324—Blades
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
  • C09J2400/00—Presence of inorganic and organic materials
  • C09J2400/20—Presence of organic materials
  • C09J2400/22—Presence of unspecified polymer
  • C09J2400/226—Presence of unspecified polymer in the substrate
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
  • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2240/00—Components
  • F05D2240/20—Rotors
  • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
  • F05D2240/303—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor related to the leading edge of a rotor blade
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2260/00—Function
  • F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/10—Metals, alloys or intermetallic compounds
  • F05D2300/17—Alloys
  • F05D2300/174—Titanium alloys, e.g. TiAl
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
  • F05D2300/501—Elasticity
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/50—Intrinsic material properties or characteristics
  • F05D2300/518—Ductility
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
  • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
  • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
  • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
  • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
  • Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a blade made of composite material comprising a leading edge shield.
• leading edge shields are typically: intended to protect the leading edges of rotating vanes or guide vanes against impacts.
• blades are understood to mean both the fan blades and the air propeller blades.
• these vanes are typically fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composite.
• Shields typically made of highly resistant metallic material, such as titanium alloys, are therefore normally installed on the leading edges of such blades, in order to protect them against these impacts.
• These shields normally take the form of a thin intrados fin and a thin extrados fin joined by a thicker section overlapping the leading edge, the set conforming to the shape of the dawn on the leading edge and adjacent sections of the intrados and the extrados.
• the intrados and extrados fins extend over these sections of, respectively, the intrados and the extrados of the blade, and serve mainly to ensure the positioning and fixing of the shield on the leading edge,
• the shield can be detached at least partially from the leading edge of the composite blade and generate an unbalance accompanied aerodynamic losses.
• the leading edge of the dawn is no longer protected at all its height, the leading edge of the dawn exposed is usually irregular resulting in also a loss of aerodynamics. It must then repair the dawn and / or replace it.
• the subject of the invention is a blade comprising: a blade body made of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite material and a leading edge shield in a material having a better resistance to point impacts; that the material of the blade body, the leading edge shield being assembled to the blade body by means of a first glue and a second glue, the two glues being arranged between the blade body and the blade. leading edge shield, the two glues forming a continuous film between the blade body and the leading edge shield., the second glue having a critical stress intensity factor and an energy restitution ratio. greater than a critical stress intensity factor and an energy recovery ratio of the first glue.
• toughness is commonly used to refer to two physical quantities, the factor of critical stress intensity JC expressed in hPa / s and nv; the rate of energy restitution JC expressed in k3 / m : Since the tenacity of the second glue is greater than the tenacity of the first glue, the force to be applied to take off the leading edge shield of the blade body is more important than if the joint between the blade body and the shield was made only with the first glue,
• first and the second glue do not mix and do not react with each other.
• first and the second glue are not two compounds intended to react with one another to form a gluing when they are brought into contact with each other.
• the first glue may have a Young's modulus greater than the Young's modulus of the second glue,
• this first glue provides a rigid bond between the blade body and the leading edge shield.
• This type of bonding is also referred to as "structural bonding between the blade body and the leading edge shield so that the leading edge shield is firmly attached to the blade body,
• the terms “inner radiaiement” and “outer radiaiement” refer to the ends of the blade when assembled on a rotor, the term “radiaiement interne” referring to the end of the dawn closest to the axis of rotation and the term “outer radiaiement” referring to the end of the blade furthest from the axis of rotation. The same goes for the ends of the shield,
• the leading edge shield has a radially inner end and a radially outer end and a radial height
• the second glue may be disposed at least on a radially outer portion of the leading edge shield, preferably on last 50% of the radial height of the leading edge shield starting from the radially internal end, even more preferably on the last 65% of the radial height of the leading edge shield starting from the radially internal end .
• radial height of the leading edge shield is understood as the distance measured between the orthogonal projections of the radially inner end and of the radially outer end of the leading edge shield on a straight line. passing through the axis of rotation of the rotor and having at least one intersection with the blade.
• the second glue is disposed on the radially outer portion of the leading edge shield, in the region of the blade where the leading edge shield is most likely to peel off. Furthermore, the first glue is disposed on the inner radiating portion of the leading edge shield so as to form a continuous film between the blade body and the leading edge shield.
• the leading edge shield comprises an intrados wing connected to an extrados wing by a central body, each wing comprising an edge. free and a wing width defined between the central body and each free edge, the second glue being disposed at least over part of the width of each flange taken from each free edge, preferably over 20% of the width of the flange. each comfortable, even more preferably on 10% of the width of each wing.
• the first glue can be a thermosetting glue and the second glue a thermoplastic glue.
• the critical stress intensity factor ⁇ q C -e the second glue may for example be greater than or equal to 1.5 MPa / m 1/2 , preferably greater than or equal to 2 MPa / m i / 2 .
• the rate of restitution of energy G K , 2 of the second glue may for example be greater than or equal to 03 kJ / m 2 , preferably greater than or equal to 1 kJ / m 2 .
• the leading edge shield may be made of titanium-based alloy,
• This material has a very good resistance to punctual impacts.
• titanium-based alloy alloys whose mass content of titanium is predominant. It is understood that titanium is the element whose mass content in the alloy is the highest, the titanium-based alloy has for example a mass content of at least 50% of titanium, preferably of at least 70% titanium, more preferably at least 80% titanium,
• Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of a rotating blade of the fan of the turbojet engine of Figure 1 according to a first embodiment of the blade;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a leading edge shield of the blade of FIG. 2
• Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view along the plane IV ⁇ IV of the shield of Figure 3;
• Figure 5 is a schematic perspective view of a rotating blade of the fan of the turbojet engine of Figure I according to a second embodiment of the blade.
• Figure 6 is a schematic perspective view of a rotating blade of the fan of the turbojet engine of Figure 1 according to a third embodiment of the blade.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a turbofan jet engine .1 comprising a gas generator group 2 and a fan 3.
• This fan 3 comprises a plurality of rotating blades 4 f arranged radially around a central axis X and profiled. aerodynamically so as to impel the air by their rotation.
• each blade 4 has a leading edge 5, a trailing edge 6, an extrados? and a lower surface 8.
• the relative wind is substantially oriented towards the leading edge 5 of each blade 4,
• this leading edge 5 is particularly exposed to the impacts, especially when the blade 4 comprises a body d blade 9 of composite material, in particular polymer matrix reinforced with free, it is therefore necessary to protect the leading edge 5 with a shield 10 integrated with each blade.
• FIGS 3 and 4 illustrate the shield 10 which has a fin intrados 11. an extrados wing 12 and a central section 13 thicker, intended to overlap an edge of the blade body 9 and: connecting the wing Intrados li and fin extrados 12.
• the wings intrados and extrados it ,. 12 ensure the positioning of the shield 10 on the blade body 9,
• the shield 10 also has a radially internal end 14 and a radially external end 15, as can be seen in Figure 2, the orthogonal projections of the radially inner end 14 and radially outer end 15 of the shield. 10 on a straight line passing through the axis of rotation of the rotor and having at least one intersection with the blade 4 define a radial shield height H 10, defining a reference height of this shield 10,
• each fin 11, 12 In contrast to the central section 13, the lower and upper fins 11, 12 each have a free edge 18, the width L of each fin 11, 12 is defined between the central body 13 and each free edge 18.
• the leading edge shield 10 is mainly metallic, and more specifically titanium-based alloy, such as the TA6V (T-6A ⁇ -4V), the leading edge shield 10 could: also be made of steel or an alloy based on iron, chromium and nickel, such as, for example, oinconeis.
• the leading edge of the slipper 10 has a radially inner end 14 and a radially outer end 5 and a radial height H
• the second adhesive 17 is disposed on 35% of the radial height of the shield of leading edge 10 starting from the radially outer end 15, that is to say on the last 65% of the radial height H of the leading edge shield 10 starting from the radially inner end 14,
• the first glue 16 has a Young's modulus Ei greater than the Young's modulus E 2 of the second glue 17, a structural bonding is ensured between the leading edge shield 10 and the blade body 4 on the part of the radlalement inner edge of the leading edge shield 10 starting from the radlalement end internally 14 covered by the first glue 16.
• the second glue 17 has a critical stress intensity factor KJC,?. e a rate of restitution of energy Gic ; 2 respectively greater than the critical stress intensity factor tc, i and the rate of energy restitution G ⁇ c, i of the first glue 16, the portion of the radial height of the leading edge shield 10 starting from ?
• the radially outer end covered by the second core 1 makes it possible to better absorb the impacts and to avoid detachment of the leading edge shield 4 of the blade body 9.
• FIG. 5 there is shown a blade 4 in which the second glue 17 is disposed on the width of each wing taken from each free edge 18, for example on 20% of the width of each wing,
• the leading edge shield 10 is assembled on the blade body 9 by a continuous film of glue, the second glue 17 being disposed on a portion of 50% of the radial height of the shield leading edge 10 starting from the radially outer end 15, that is to say on the last 50% of the radial height H of the leading edge shield 10 starting from the radially inner end 14 , and in this example on 10% of the width of each wing 11, 12 taken from each free edge 18, or vice versa, the second glue 17 is disposed on a part of the 10% of the width of each wing 11, 12 taken from each free edge 18, this portion being equal to 50% of the radial height of the leading edge shield 10 starting from the radially outer end 15, that is to say on the last 50% the height of the leading edge shield 10 starting from the radially internal end 14.
• the leading edge shield 10 ensures a structural bonding over the entire height H of the leading edge shield 10 and the second glue 17 is used near the free edges 18 of the lower fins 11 and extrados 12. Also, if impacts are received by the radially outer portion of the leading edge shield 10, even though cracks appear between the leading edge shield 10 and the blade body 9 in the radially outer portion of the leading edge shield 10, the leading edge shield 10 is firmly held on the blade body 9 thanks to the strip consisting of the second glue 17 located near each free edge 18 of the leading edge shield 10. The width of this glue strip is sufficient that to ensure the retention function of the leading edge brow 10 on the blade body,
• the first adhesive 16 may be a heat-curable adhesive, Also, once the first glue 16 has taken, it is not possible to take off the leading edge shield 10 of the blade body 9 by heating the dawn 4. Under the effect of impacts, ia toughness of the first adhesive being less than the toughness of the second colie, cracks may appear and cause detachment of the shield forward.
• the second glue 1 This type of adhesive has the advantage of having toughness values which are higher than the toughness values of thermosetting glues. Also, although the bonding obtained using a thermoplastic adhesive can be reversible by heating the workpiece beyond a threshold temperature specific to each thermoplastic adhesive, this second colie 17 can better absorb shocks and avoid degradation of bonding between the leading edge shield 10 and the blade body 9 "
• the glue marketed by 3M under the reference AF191 is an example of glue can be used as a first glue. It is a thermosetting coli whose Young's modulus E K is equal to 100 MPa, whose critical stress intensity factor IQI is approximately 1 MPa / m 2/2 and whose GK energy release rate , I is about 0> 2 fd / m 3 .
• Polyetheretherketone also known by the acronym PEEK for PolyEtherèther etone in English, is an example of glue that can be used as a second glue. It is a thermoplastic adhesive having a Young 2 E modulus was 3.6 GPa, the factor critical stress intensity! 1 ⁇ 2, 2 is higher than 2 MPa / m i 2 and whose release rate energy C 1 ⁇ 2, i is greater than 1 kJ / m 2.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Wind Motors (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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ID=54186201

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• 2015
  • 2015-08-07 FR FR1557612A patent/FR3039855B1/fr active Active
• 2016
  • 2016-08-02 CN CN201680046411.1A patent/CN107849924B/zh active Active
  • 2016-08-02 US US15/750,381 patent/US11015460B2/en active Active
  • 2016-08-02 WO PCT/FR2016/052010 patent/WO2017025682A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2016-08-02 EP EP16757704.8A patent/EP3332094B1/de active Active

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