EP3363576B1 - Procede et systeme d'identification et/ou de marquage de composants galvanises a chaud et de composants fabriqués avec eux - Google Patents

Procede et systeme d'identification et/ou de marquage de composants galvanises a chaud et de composants fabriqués avec eux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3363576B1
EP3363576B1 EP17207229.0A EP17207229A EP3363576B1 EP 3363576 B1 EP3363576 B1 EP 3363576B1 EP 17207229 A EP17207229 A EP 17207229A EP 3363576 B1 EP3363576 B1 EP 3363576B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
galvanizing layer
marking
range
galvanizing
laser
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EP17207229.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3363576A1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas PINGER
Lars Baumgürtel
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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Fontaine Holdings NV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/60—Preliminary treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
    • B23K26/0622—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses
    • B23K26/0624—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam by shaping pulses using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1 ns or less
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/12—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure
    • B23K26/126—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring in a special environment or atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure in an atmosphere of gases chemically reacting with the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/20—Bonding
    • B23K26/32—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/322—Bonding taking account of the properties of the material involved involving coated metal parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/352—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring for surface treatment
    • B23K26/355—Texturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/361—Removing material for deburring or mechanical trimming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/262—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used recording or marking of inorganic surfaces or materials, e.g. glass, metal, or ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles ; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching

Definitions

  • the present relates to the technical field of marking and/or marking of galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized) (metal) components (i.e. iron-based or iron-containing components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing components, preferably steel components), preferably for the construction industry as well the automobile and motor vehicle industry, but also for other technical areas of application (e.g. for the construction industry, general mechanical engineering, the electrical industry, etc.).
  • hot-dip galvanized i.e. hot-dip galvanized
  • metal components i.e. iron-based or iron-containing components, in particular steel-based or steel-containing components, preferably steel components
  • the present invention relates to a method for marking and/or marking a galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized), (metal) component, in particular a steel component, as well as a product obtainable in this way, i.e. H. i.e. a galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized) (metal) component, in particular steel component, provided with a marking and/or marking.
  • a galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized) (metal) component in particular steel component, provided with a marking and/or marking.
  • the present invention relates to a system for producing a galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized) (metal) component, in particular steel component, which is provided with a marking and/or marking, in particular a system for producing a marking and/or marking according to the invention Galvanized, especially hot-dip galvanized (i.e. hot-dip galvanized) (metal) component.
  • the identification or marking of components has become increasingly important in recent years. Different considerations play a special role here: On the one hand, it is about traceability, ie the tracking of production-relevant information along the production chain as part of quality assurance for the producer; on the other hand, it is about providing product-specific information to the user of the products.
  • traceability ie the tracking of production-relevant information along the production chain as part of quality assurance for the producer
  • product-specific information to the user of the products.
  • the aim of so-called upstream tracing is the upward traceability from the consumer to the producer, in particular the upward tracking of production process parameters from the consumer to the producer; If there are problems in subsequent processes or in the use of products, the causes or culprits can be identified quickly and specifically.
  • the type of markings required ranges from simple typeface to barcodes, 2D codes, QR codes and data matrix codes.
  • There are a variety of different systems for marking products e.g. B. using nameplates, stickers, printing (e.g. ink printing), embossing (e.g. punch numbers or laser technology) or tempering colors (e.g. laser-induced on plastics or metals).
  • the marking systems In order to be able to achieve flexibility for various customer requirements, especially in the area of large series with high quantities and/or high part variance, the marking systems must also be programmable in order to be able to apply the corresponding marking in a focused or customer- and/or product-specific manner.
  • analog marking elements such as signs, stickers or punch numbers can only be used to a very limited extent or can no longer be used at all.
  • Hot-dip galvanizing is very often used as a corrosion protection system for workpieces under such boundary conditions, which is particularly suitable due to the metallurgical connection of the zinc coating with the base material and the high protective effect of zinc and ensures corrosion protection for many decades.
  • the markings are not applied to or in solid material, but rather on or in corrosion protection layers, which are applied as coatings or coatings to the solid material in order to protect it from corrosion.
  • corrosion protection layers which are applied as coatings or coatings to the solid material in order to protect it from corrosion.
  • the Marking technology in the case of corrosion protection layers takes into account in particular that such layers are generally only very thin and react sensitively to thermal and/or mechanical influences and can possibly have a negative influence on the function of the coating or coating.
  • the adhesion of the marking ink to the substrate generally in particular an organic coating or a galvanized surface. Due to the connection of the printing ink to the substrate based solely on adhesion forces, such systems are in principle susceptible to mechanical stress, such as B. can occur during the assembly of components or as a result of abrasion, stone chips, etc. during the use phase. Such damage then promotes the infiltration of the printed marking coating, which in the medium and long term often ends in the marking peeling off, so that the benefit of such systems cannot be guaranteed in the long term.
  • Markings that create a color contrast and thus a readable identification by tempering the base material are primarily found on steel, especially stainless steel, titanium and plastics.
  • this method cannot be used for thin materials or layers (such as corrosion protection layers), regardless of whether it is solid material or coatings (see also the Internet link "http://www.caliberengraving.com/marking_options.html").
  • the EP 2 829 757 A1 relates to a labeled bearing ring, which has a ring body and a coating applied at least in areas to the ring body made of a material which differs from the material of the ring body and contains zinc or zinc and iron or zinc and nickel, wherein in the coating of the bearing ring by means of a Laser beam generated labeling is designed in such a way that the coating at the location of the labeling continuously has a residual thickness, and furthermore this document relates to a bearing with the labeled bearing ring and a corresponding method for labeling the bearing ring.
  • EP 1 975 340 A2 which forms the basis for the preambles of claims 1 and 6, a galvanized, length-adjustable tubular steel support with a high outer profile and an inner profile, which has optically effective markings created by laser marking on the outer wall, and a method for producing such a steel tubular support.
  • the CA 2 379 397 A1 relates to a method and a device for applying a permanent marking to a transparent carrier (such as glass, plexiglass, plastic or combinations thereof) using laser-induced vapor deposition, using material from a marking medium (namely a metal from the group of Aluminum, chromium, gold, lead, molybdenum, nickel, silver, tin, titanium, tungsten or their alloys) is vaporized using a laser and then deposited on the transparent carrier, the markings being readable using an optical reader or a sensor should.
  • a marking medium namely a metal from the group of Aluminum, chromium, gold, lead, molybdenum, nickel, silver, tin, titanium, tungsten or their alloys
  • the US 2016/201184 A1 relates to a system and a method for modifying the surface chemistry and the surface profile of a material using a pulsed laser, with entire areas of the material being modified in the same way.
  • the EP 1 209 245 A1 relates to a special flux for hot-dip galvanizing and its use in hot-dip galvanizing processes.
  • the US 2015/049593 A1 relates to a method for engraving a component by applying a laser beam whose pulses last less than 1 picosecond, so that material of the component is processed or removed and a coloring of the surface of the bottom of the processing area is obtained.
  • the task or problem according to the invention aims in particular to enable permanent identification or marking on galvanized components or (metal) components.
  • the problem on which the present invention is based therefore consists in particular in providing a method for producing a preferably permanent identification and/or marking of galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (metal) components (such as steel components in particular), as well as a relevant system for carrying out such a method,
  • galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (metal) components such as steel components in particular
  • such a method or system should be provided which, compared to conventionally operated identification/marking methods or devices and systems, offers improved process economy and/or a more efficient, in particular more flexible and/or more reliable, in particular less error-prone should enable the process flow.
  • such a method or such a system should offer a reliable and at the same time efficient possibility of providing a particularly permanent (ie permanent) identification and/or marking on or on or in galvanized, in particular hot-galvanized, metal components (e.g. steel components). produce without at least substantially impairing the desired properties of the galvanizing layer, such as in particular its corrosion resistance, its mechanical resistance, etc.; Above all, the protective properties of the galvanizing layer should not be reduced, in particular no weakening of the galvanizing layer should occur (e.g. due to ablation or removal as part of the marking).
  • an identification and/or marking with high durability should be produced, which is also resistant to extreme influences (such as corrosive or mechanically demanding, in particular abrasive conditions, such as weathering, acid exposure, mechanical stress, etc.).
  • extreme influences such as corrosive or mechanically demanding, in particular abrasive conditions, such as weathering, acid exposure, mechanical stress, etc.
  • such a method or such a system should do without complex post-treatment of the marking or marking.
  • the present invention proposes - according to a first aspect of the present invention - a method for marking and/or marking a hot-dip galvanized (ie hot-dip galvanized) metal component, in particular a steel component, according to claim 1; Further, particularly special and/or advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaims.
  • the present invention relates - according to a second aspect of the present invention - to a hot-dip galvanized (ie hot-dip galvanized) metal component, in particular steel component, which can be obtained by the method according to the invention and is hot-dip galvanized (ie hot-dip galvanized) with a marking and / or marking, according to the relevant independent product claim; Further, particularly special and/or advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant subclaim of the product.
  • the present invention relates - according to a third aspect of the present invention - to a system for producing a hot-dip galvanized (ie hot-dip galvanized) metal component, in particular steel component, provided with a marking and/or marking, according to the independent system claim; Further, particularly special and/or advantageous embodiments of this aspect of the invention are the subject of the relevant appendix subclaims.
  • the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer takes place at least essentially without material removal of the galvanizing layer. In this way, the protective properties of the galvanizing layer are fully retained.
  • the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer takes place in such a way, in particular with such laser energy and/or under such reaction conditions, that the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is not implemented down to the underlying base material.
  • the protective properties of the galvanizing layer preserved, but it is also ensured that a stable bond between the galvanizing layer and the underlying base material is maintained.
  • the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer takes place in such a way, in particular with such laser energy, that the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is at most 99% of its thickness, in particular at most 95% of its thickness Thickness, preferably at most 90% of its thickness, preferably at most 80% of its thickness, particularly preferably at most 70% of its thickness, very particularly preferably at most 60% of its thickness, even more preferably at most 50% of its thickness.
  • the galvanizing layer is selectively subjected to a laser-induced chemical reaction with at least one ambient gas (reaction gas) only in a predetermined area of the marking to be produced.
  • the ambient gas used can in particular be selected from the group of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon oxides and boranes and their mixtures and combinations, preferably from the group of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon oxides and their mixtures and combinations.
  • the ambient gas can be used in combination with at least one non-reactive gas, in particular with at least one noble gas.
  • the process according to the invention is carried out in such a way that the conversion of the galvanizing layer leads to oxides, nitrides, carbonates and/or borides, preferably oxides, nitrides and/or carbonates, in particular zinc and, if appropriate, other alloys present in the galvanizing layer (alloys). )metals.
  • the reaction product of the galvanizing layer formed in the area of the marking is selected from the group of oxides, nitrides, carbonates and/or borides, preferably oxides, nitrides and/or carbonates, zinc and, if appropriate, other (alloys) present in the galvanizing layer. metals.
  • the reaction product of the galvanizing layer formed in the area of the marking can be formed in a different color than the galvanizing layer. i.e. in other words, the marking can be designed to be different in color from the galvanizing layer and/or be distinguishable in color from the galvanizing layer.
  • the method is carried out in such a way that the reaction of the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking to be applied is carried out by means of and/or depending on the amount of laser energy applied, in particular laser pulse power, laser pulse length, laser pulse duration, laser pulse repetition rate and/or laser wavelength, and / or is controlled by means of and/or depending on the reaction conditions, in particular pressure, temperature and/or composition of the ambient gas (reaction gas).
  • the reaction gas in particular laser pulse power, laser pulse length, laser pulse duration, laser pulse repetition rate and/or laser wavelength
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer is particularly preferred at a laser wavelength in the range from 100 nm to 11,000 nm, in particular in the range from 200 nm to 6,000 nm, preferably in the range from 400 nm to 3,000 nm in the range from 500 nm to 2,000 nm.
  • the procedure according to the invention is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer with a pulse length of the laser pulses in the range from 0.1 ns to 2,000 ns, in particular in the range from 0.1 ns to 1,000 ns, preferably in the range from 0.2 ns to 295 ns, particularly preferably in the range from 0.5 ns to 195 ns.
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer at an average power of the emerging laser radiation is in the range of 5 watts to 30,000 watts, in particular in the range of 7.5 watts to 1,000 watts, preferably in the range of 10 Watt to 1,000 watts, particularly preferably in the range from 10 watts to 500 watts.
  • the procedure according to the invention is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer at a pulse peak power of the emerging laser radiation is in the range from 0.1 kilowatt to 3,000 kilowatts, in particular in the range from 1 kilowatt to 2,000 kilowatts, preferably in the range from 2 kilowatts to 1,800 kilowatts.
  • the procedure according to the invention is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer at a repetition rate of the laser pulses in the range from 1 kHz to 5,000 kHz, in particular in the range from 5 kHz to 4,000 kHz, preferably in the range of 10 kHz to 3,000 kHz.
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer with a diameter of the laser radiation on the surface of the galvanizing layer is in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 10,000 ⁇ m, in particular in the range of 5 ⁇ m to 8,000 ⁇ m, preferably in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 6,000 ⁇ m, particularly preferably in the range from 25 ⁇ m to 4,000 ⁇ m.
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer with a laser scanning speed on the surface of the galvanizing layer is in the range from 10 mm/s to 30,000 mm/s, in particular in the range from 20 mm/s to 25,000 mm/s , preferably in the range from 25 mm/s to 22,000 mm/s, particularly preferably in the range from 30 mm/s to 19,000 mm/s.
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer takes place at a pressure in the range from 0.001 mbar to 15 bar, in particular in the range from 0.005 mbar to 12 bar, preferably in the range from 0.01 mbar to 11 bar , particularly preferably in the range from 0.1 mbar to 10 bar.
  • the procedure is such that the reaction of the galvanizing layer occurs at a temperature of the ambient gas outside the laser beam in the range from -50 ° C to 350 ° C, in particular in the range from -40 ° C to 325 ° C , preferably in the range from -30 ° C to 300 ° C, particularly preferably in the range from -20 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the galvanizing layer is selectively subjected to a laser-induced chemical reaction with the at least one ambient or reaction gas only in a predetermined area of the marking to be produced so that the galvanizing layer is implemented selectively only in the area of the marking and the resulting reaction product of the galvanizing layer forms the permanent marking.
  • the procedure is such that when producing the permanent marking (permanent marking), the galvanizing layer is selectively scanned once or several times with a pulsed laser beam only in a predetermined area of the marking to be produced in such a way that adjacent light spots of the laser beam collide or overlap without gaps.
  • the galvanizing layer usually has a thickness of 0.5 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular 1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the galvanizing layer can be formed from at least essentially pure zinc or from a zinc alloy, preferably from a zinc alloy.
  • the galvanizing layer of the component is formed from a zinc alloy.
  • the galvanizing layer can contain zinc and aluminum as the alloy metal in an amount of 0.0001 to 25% by weight, in particular in an amount of 0.001 to 20% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.005 to 17.5% by weight .-%, preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.02 to 12.5% by weight, most preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight .-%, even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 8% by weight, based on the galvanizing layer (wherein the The amount of zinc, if necessary taking into account other alloy metals, must be added to 100% by weight of the aforementioned aluminum content).
  • the galvanizing layer can be an aluminum-alloyed galvanizing layer ("Zn/Al galvanizing layer").
  • the galvanizing layer based on the galvanizing layer, can contain an amount of zinc of at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, and an amount of aluminum of up to 25% by weight, in particular up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, and optionally at least one further metal, in particular in quantities of up to 5% by weight and/or in particular selected from the group of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, have, whereby all the quantities mentioned above are to be selected such that a total of 100% by weight results.
  • the galvanizing layer is at least essentially free, preferably completely free, of lead (Pb) and/or nickel (Ni).
  • the galvanizing layer is at least essentially free, preferably completely free, of heavy metals from the group of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb).
  • the galvanizing layer of the component has been produced by so-called hot-dip galvanizing (also referred to synonymously as hot-dip galvanizing).
  • galvanizing layers zinc layers
  • metal components in particular steel components
  • galvanizing galvanizing layers
  • galvanizing involves applying a generally very thin layer of zinc to the steel to protect the steel from corrosion.
  • Various galvanizing processes can be used can be used to galvanize steel components, that is, to cover them with a metallic coating made of zinc, in particular hot-dip galvanizing (also referred to synonymously as hot-dip galvanizing), spray galvanizing (flame spraying with zinc wire), diffusion galvanizing (Sherard galvanizing), galvanic Galvanizing (electrolytic galvanizing), non-electrolytic galvanizing using zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing should be mentioned.
  • hot-dip galvanizing also referred to synonymously as hot-dip galvanizing
  • spray galvanizing flame spraying with zinc wire
  • diffusion galvanizing Sherard galvanizing
  • galvanic Galvanizing electrolytic galvanizing
  • non-electrolytic galvanizing using zinc flake coatings and mechanical galvanizing should be mentioned.
  • Hot-dip galvanizing a method that has been recognized and proven for many years to protect parts or components made of iron materials, especially steel materials, from corrosion.
  • the typically pre-cleaned or pre-treated component is immersed in a liquid-hot zinc bath, whereby it reacts with the zinc melt and, as a result, forms a relatively thin zinc layer that is metallurgically bonded to the base material.
  • hot-dip galvanizing a distinction is made between discontinuous piece galvanizing (see e.g. DIN EN ISO 1461) and continuous strip and wire galvanizing (see e.g. DIN EN 10143 and DIN EN 10346). Both piece galvanizing and strip and wire galvanizing are standardized processes.
  • Continuously galvanized steel strip and continuously galvanized wire are each a preliminary or intermediate product (semi-finished product), which is further processed after galvanizing, in particular by forming, punching, cutting, etc., whereas components to be protected by piece galvanizing are generally first completely manufactured and only then hot-dip galvanized (which protects the components all around from corrosion).
  • Piece galvanizing and strip/wire galvanizing also differ in terms of the zinc layer thickness, which results in different protection periods depending on the zinc layer.
  • the zinc layer thickness of strip-galvanized sheets is usually a maximum of 20 to 25 micrometers, whereas Zinc layer thicknesses of piece-galvanized steel parts are usually in the range of 50 to 200 micrometers and even more.
  • Hot-dip galvanizing provides both active and passive corrosion protection.
  • Passive protection is provided by the barrier effect of the zinc coating.
  • the active corrosion protection is created due to the cathodic effect of the zinc coating: compared to more noble metals in the electrochemical series, such as. B. iron, zinc serves as a sacrificial anode that protects the underlying iron from corrosion until it itself is completely corroded.
  • piece galvanizing according to DIN EN ISO 1461, mostly larger steel components and structures are hot-dip galvanized (which are generally first completely manufactured and only then hot-dip galvanized). Steel-based blanks or finished workpieces (components) are immersed in the zinc melt bath after pretreatment.
  • Dipping makes it particularly easy to reach interior surfaces, weld seams and hard-to-reach areas of the workpieces or components to be galvanized.
  • the duration of protection that can be achieved with a zinc coating depends largely on the aggressiveness of the component's operating conditions as well as on the zinc layer thickness in combination with the zinc layer composition.
  • the zinc layer thickness achieved during piece galvanizing and strip/wire galvanizing is - depending on the process used, zinc alloy and configuration of the base material to be protected - usually in the range of 10 to 300 micrometers or even more.
  • galvanized components are designed to last several decades.
  • conventional hot-dip galvanizing in particular dip galvanizing, is based in particular on the dipping of iron or steel components into a zinc melt to form a zinc coating or a zinc coating on the surface of the components.
  • careful surface preparation or surface pretreatment of the components to be galvanized is generally required in advance, which in the piece galvanizing process usually involves degreasing followed by rinsing, subsequent acid pickling with subsequent rinsing and finally flux treatment (ie a so-called fluxing) with a subsequent drying process.
  • flux treatment ie a so-called fluxing
  • these are typically brought together or grouped for the entire process (in particular by means of a common one, for example as a traverse or Frame-shaped goods carrier or a common holding or fastening device for a large number of these identical or similar components).
  • a plurality of components are attached to the goods carrier via holding means, such as. B. slings, tethering wires or the like attached.
  • the components are then transported in a grouped state via the goods carrier to the individual treatment steps or stages of hot-dip galvanizing.
  • the typical process sequence for conventional piece galvanizing using hot-dip galvanizing is usually as follows: First, the component surfaces of the components in question are subjected to degreasing in order to remove residues of fats and oils, whereby aqueous alkaline or acidic degreasing agents can usually be used as degreasing agents. After cleaning in the degreasing bath, a rinsing process usually follows, typically by immersion in a water bath, in order to avoid the carryover of degreasing agents with the galvanized material into the subsequent pickling process step, this being particularly the case when changing from alkaline degreasing to an acidic pickling process is of great importance.
  • pickling which is used in particular to remove the species' own impurities, such as: B. Rust and scale from the steel surface.
  • Pickling is usually carried out in dilute hydrochloric acid, with the duration of the pickling process depending, among other things, on the state of contamination (e.g. degree of rusting) of the galvanized material and the acid concentration and temperature of the pickling bath.
  • a rinsing process is usually carried out after the pickling treatment.
  • fluxing also referred to synonymously as flux treatment
  • flux treatment whereby the previously degreased and pickled steel surface is treated with a so-called flux, which is typically an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most commonly a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
  • flux typically an aqueous solution of inorganic chlorides, most commonly a mixture of zinc chloride (ZnCl 2 ) and ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl).
  • ZnCl 2 zinc chloride
  • NH 4 Cl ammonium chloride
  • the components pretreated in the aforementioned manner are then hot-dip galvanized by immersing them in the liquid zinc melt.
  • the zinc content of the melt is at least 98.0% by weight in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1461.
  • the surface of the zinc melt is cleaned, in particular of oxides, zinc ash, flux residues and the like, before the galvanized material is then removed from the zinc melt again.
  • the hot-dip galvanized component is then subjected to a cooling process (e.g. in air or in a water bath).
  • any existing holding means for the component such as. B. slings, tethering wires or the like are removed.
  • a sometimes complex post-processing or post-treatment can usually be carried out.
  • B. excess zinc bath residues in particular so-called drip noses of zinc solidifying on the edges, as well as oxide or ash residues that adhere to the component, are removed as far as possible.
  • Galvanizing in conventional hot-dip galvanizing is carried out in a zinc melt with a zinc content of at least 98.0% by weight in accordance with DIN EN ISO 1461.
  • a coating of differently composed iron forms on the steel part /Zinc alloy layers.
  • a layer of zinc - also known as a pure zinc layer - remains on the top alloy layer, the composition of which corresponds to the zinc melt.
  • the hot-dip galvanized component is subjected to a cooling process (e.g. in air or in a water bath) after being removed from the zinc melt. If necessary, an alternative or additional post-treatment can be carried out in the form of passivation and/or sealing of the zinc surface.
  • One criterion for the quality of hot-dip galvanizing is the thickness of the zinc coating in ⁇ m (micrometers).
  • the DIN EN ISO 1461 standard specifies the minimum values of the required coating thicknesses as they are to be provided for piece galvanizing depending on the material thickness. In practice, the layer thicknesses are significantly higher than the minimum layer thicknesses specified in DIN EN ISO 1461.
  • zinc coatings produced by batch galvanizing have a thickness in the range of 50 to 300 micrometers and even more.
  • Components hot-dip galvanized with a zinc/aluminium melt can therefore be formed without any problems, but still have improved corrosion protection properties - despite the significantly lower layer thickness compared to conventional hot-dip galvanizing with a virtually aluminum-free zinc melt.
  • a zinc/aluminum alloy used in the hot-dip galvanizing bath also has improved fluidity properties compared to pure zinc.
  • zinc coatings produced by hot-dip galvanizing using such zinc/aluminum alloys have greater corrosion resistance (which is two to six times better than that of pure zinc), better appearance, improved formability and better paintability Zinc coatings formed from pure zinc. This technology can also be used to produce lead-free Produce zinc coatings.
  • Such a hot-dip galvanizing process using a zinc/aluminum melt or using a zinc/aluminum hot-dip galvanizing bath is known, for example, from WO 2002/042512 A1 and the relevant reference equivalents to this patent family (e.g. EP 1 352 100 B1 , DE 601 24 767 T2 and US 2003/0219543 A1 ).
  • Suitable fluxes for hot-dip galvanizing using zinc/aluminum molten baths are also disclosed there, since flux compositions for zinc/aluminum hot-dip galvanizing baths must be different than those for conventional hot-dip galvanizing with pure zinc.
  • corrosion protection coatings with very small layer thicknesses generally well below 50 micrometers and typically in the range of 2 to 20 micrometers
  • very low weight can be produced with high cost efficiency, which is why the method described there is commercially available under the name microZINQ ® process is used.
  • the formation of the zinc layer and its properties it has been shown that these can be significantly influenced by alloying elements in the zinc melt.
  • One of the most important elements here is aluminum: it has been shown that with an aluminum content in the zinc melt of 100 ppm (based on weight), the appearance of the resulting zinc layer can be improved to a brighter, shinier appearance. This effect increases steadily as the aluminum content in the zinc melt increases up to 1,000 ppm (based on weight).
  • the hot-dip galvanizing can in principle be operated continuously or discontinuously.
  • the component in the context of hot-dip galvanizing, can be a single product or a large number of individual products.
  • an efficient and economical method for marking and/or marking galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized, metal components, in particular steel components is provided, which makes it possible to provide galvanized metal components with a permanent marking (permanent marking) without the positive, in particular to affect the protective properties of the galvanizing layer.
  • a method is provided with which permanent (ie permanent) markings or markings can be produced on or on or in hot-dip galvanized metal components (e.g. steel components) without the desired properties of the galvanizing layer, such as especially their corrosion resistance, mechanical resistance etc., at least substantially impaired.
  • the protective properties of the galvanizing layer are not reduced as part of the marking process according to the invention.
  • there is no weakening of the per se thin galvanizing layer e.g. no ablation or removal of material as part of the method according to the invention).
  • a marking or marking with high durability is produced on galvanized metal components, which is also resistant to extreme influences (such as corrosive or mechanically demanding, in particular abrasive conditions, such as weathering, acid exposure, mechanical stress, etc .) is stable.
  • the method according to the present invention does not require any post-treatment of the marking or marking produced, since the area of the marking leaves the galvanizing layer in this area unaffected.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore associated with a large number of advantages and special features, which can be used as evidence of progress compared to conventional prior art methods.
  • Such laser marking systems are also available, for example DE 20 2014 101 805 U1 , the WO 2014/170551 A1 or the US 2016/0144457 A1 described, but for a different type of laser marking process, which prepares the metal surface for a subsequent coating process by removing material (which, according to the invention, is precisely to be avoided).
  • the applications listed there also only refer to high-alloy steels (stainless steels);
  • the reference to further possible applications is generally given in relation to metals, with only titanium, titanium alloys and aluminum being mentioned as concrete application examples, but in particular not the application to the specific case of thin zinc coatings, which are used for the purpose of corrosion protection.
  • the solution approach according to the invention uses a marking technology by means of laser induction that at least essentially does not require material removal or ablation.
  • the galvanizing surface is exposed, for example, to the pulses of a laser in the femtosecond range, so that a plasma is created on the surface of the substrate and, as a result, a chemical modification of the same occurs.
  • the plasma only works in the uppermost edge zone of the substrate, so that the entire component remains cold.
  • a protective gas e.g. noble gas
  • a marking can be produced using the method according to the invention.
  • the following compounds are conceivable: Salt Color Surname Zn + 1 ⁇ 2 O2 ⁇ ZnO white zinc oxide Zn + 1 ⁇ 2 O 2 + CO 2 ⁇ ZnCO3 white Zinc carbonate 3Zn + N2 ⁇ Zn3N2 _ black gray Zinc nitride
  • neither material is removed (such as in laser beam ablation) nor material is applied (such as in laser beam evaporation, in which material is evaporated and deposited on the substrate), but rather only laser-induced chemical conversion of the surface selectively only in the area of the marking.
  • very thin layers e.g. sealing or passivation
  • these layers are not temperature-stable and decompose thermally under the influence of the laser energy or the plasma close to the surface generated thereby, so that the desired reaction can take place with the substrate surface.
  • the method according to the invention for marking or marking galvanized components can, for example, take place in such a way that the galvanized components or semi-finished products undergo targeted surface manipulation during or after production using the technology described above, which creates a readable marking with individually adjustable information.
  • the basic process in the galvanizing operation can be described purely as an example and non-limitingly using the example of the piece galvanizing process as follows:
  • the workpieces to be galvanized are attached to a product carrier and in this way guided through the galvanizing process. This initially involves cleaning the workpiece surface in the form of degreasing, rinsing and pickling processes, followed by the application of flux, drying and immersion in a zinc bath.
  • Both pure zinc melts and zinc alloys (such as Zn/Al or Zn/Al/Mg alloys) can be used, which then lead to metallic coatings with specific properties (i.e. zinc layer thickness, formation of the phase structure in the zinc layer , surface properties etc.).
  • the component may be post-treated in one or more further process steps (e.g. immersion in a water bath and/or spray or dip application with a sealing or passivating agent).
  • a very thin layer e.g. several 100 nm to a few micrometers
  • the galvanizing process of the workpiece is completed.
  • the galvanized parts can then be removed from the goods carrier as soon as they have reached a suitable temperature.
  • the rework then involves checking the quality of the galvanizing, removing remaining pieces of wire as well as thickened drains and, in the case of surface defects that have occurred, repairing them.
  • the finished workpiece is then delivered to the customer or stored until it is picked up.
  • long and flat material is galvanized in a similar way as part of the continuous process;
  • the application of the marking technology according to the invention to such semi-finished products, both on the galvanized coil and on the component processed from it, is possible in the same way.
  • the marking process according to the invention can now be implemented in this process, with different variants being conceivable:
  • the galvanized components can, for example. B. hanging directly on the goods carrier can be marked according to the invention.
  • the components can first be removed from the goods carrier and marked in the area for rework; The marking can take place before, during or after the rework step. It is also conceivable that the components are marked on the way from the goods carrier to rework or from rework to the warehouse.
  • the marking step can alternatively also be carried out after completion of the rework and positioning in packaging units. Deviating from the aforementioned variants, the marking process can also be carried out outside the galvanizing plant, e.g. B.
  • the finished galvanized components are delivered to the manufacturer or processing company, where the marking can be done on a packaging unit or on an individual component at any point in the manufacturing process.
  • the marking can be done on a packaging unit or on an individual component at any point in the manufacturing process.
  • the specific conditions of the product to be marked i.e. geometry, number, variance of products, etc.
  • the operation e.g. space conditions
  • either the workpieces are guided to a permanently installed marking unit (e.g. B. by hand, semi- or fully automated, etc.) or a mobile marking unit is brought to the workpiece (e.g. by hand, semi- or fully automated, etc.).
  • a permanently installed marking unit e.g. B. by hand, semi- or fully automated, etc.
  • a mobile marking unit is brought to the workpiece (e.g. by hand, semi- or fully automated, etc.).
  • marking is, among other things, the positioning of the product to be marked in relation to the laser - on the one hand, in order to place the marking specifically at a predefined location. Because the markings on defined component points are e.g. B. particularly useful in reproducing processes in assembly lines; This makes it easier for the products to be read and identified even after installation. On the other hand, a defined relative movement between the component and the laser should be made possible for optimal marking; otherwise distortions and unclear barcodes or labels could be created. In order to achieve the exact positioning for a laser/component system, the components should be positioned individually. However, this can be different when working with a mobile unit by hand: Here the positioning is carried out manually and the movement of the laser takes place in the control panel.
  • the allocation takes place via the corresponding peripherals. This depends heavily on the components to be marked (i.e. size, shape, number, etc.). Particularly in series processes, it is conceivable to remove the components by hand on a conveyor line, if necessary with fixation, in order to specify the orientation of the components in all three spatial directions (i.e. x, y and z directions). The components can then be fed to a laser unit. This ensures the position and continuous speed of the product to be marked to the laser. For large quantities of small parts, this can be done with the help of separating and sorting devices. The combination of rework or corrective measures and marking is also possible.
  • a punching machine can remove the zinc tips and then mark them directly, since the components are already in a fixed position and orientation in the process, thus avoiding further handling processes.
  • a further subject of the present invention - according to a second aspect of the present invention - is a hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) metal component, in particular a steel component, which is provided with a marking and/or marking and which is obtainable by the previously described method according to the present invention.
  • a hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) metal component in particular a steel component, which is provided with a marking and/or marking and which is obtainable by the previously described method according to the present invention.
  • the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer is carried out at least essentially without material removal of the galvanizing layer.
  • the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer is carried out in such a way, in particular with such laser energy and/or under such reaction conditions, that the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is not implemented down to the underlying base material, preferably without material removal.
  • the metal component according to the invention is designed in such a way that the creation or application of the permanent marking and/or the implementation of the galvanizing layer is carried out in such a way, in particular with such laser energy, that the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is at most 99% of its thickness, in particular at most 95% of its thickness, preferably at most 90% of its thickness, preferably at most 80% of its thickness, particularly preferably at most 70% of its thickness, very particularly preferably at most 60% of its thickness, even more preferably at most 50% of its thickness, is implemented.
  • the reaction product of the galvanizing layer formed in the area of the marking is selected from the group of oxides, nitrides, carbonates and / or borides, preferably oxides, nitrides and / or carbonates, of zinc and, if necessary, other (alloy) metals present in the galvanizing layer.
  • the reaction product of the galvanizing layer formed in the area of the marking is of a different color than the galvanizing layer.
  • the marking is designed to be different in color from the galvanizing layer and/or can be distinguished in color from the galvanizing layer.
  • the galvanizing layer of the galvanized (metal) component according to the invention which is provided with a marking and/or marking, usually has a galvanizing layer with a thickness of 0.5 to 300 ⁇ m, in particular 1 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 1.5 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 30 ⁇ m.
  • the galvanizing layer of the metal component according to the invention can be formed from at least essentially pure zinc or from a zinc alloy, preferably from a zinc alloy.
  • the galvanizing layer of the marked and/or marked metal component according to the invention is formed from a zinc alloy.
  • the galvanizing layer can contain zinc and aluminum as an alloy metal in an amount of 0.0001 to 25% by weight, in particular in an amount of 0.001 to 20% by weight, preferably in an amount of 0.005 to 17.5% by weight. , preferably in an amount of 0.01 to 15% by weight, particularly preferably in an amount of 0.02 to 12.5% by weight, most preferably in an amount of 0.05 to 10% by weight , even more preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 8% by weight, based on the galvanizing layer.
  • the galvanizing layer can be formed from a zinc alloy.
  • the galvanizing layer can be an aluminum-alloyed galvanizing layer (“Zn/Al galvanizing layer”).
  • Zn/Al galvanizing layer the galvanizing layer, based on the galvanizing layer, can have an amount of zinc of at least 75% by weight, in particular at least 80% by weight, preferably at least 85% by weight, preferably at least 90% by weight, and an amount of Aluminum of up to 25% by weight, in particular up to 20% by weight, preferably up to 15% by weight, preferably up to 10% by weight, and optionally at least one further metal, in particular in amounts of up to 5% by weight and/or in particular selected from the group of bismuth (Bi), lead (Pb), tin (Sn), nickel (Ni), silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg) and combinations thereof, where All the quantities mentioned above must be selected in such a way that a total of 100% by weight results.
  • the galvanizing layer of the metal component according to the invention is at least essentially free, preferably completely free, of lead (Pb) and/or nickel (Ni).
  • the galvanizing layer of the metal component according to the invention is at least essentially free, preferably completely free, of heavy metals from the group of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), Tin (Sn), bismuth (Bi) and antimony (Sb).
  • the galvanizing layer of the metal component according to the invention was produced by hot-dip galvanizing (also referred to synonymously as hot-dip galvanizing). This leads to galvanizing layers with particularly high corrosion protection and particularly good mechanical properties.
  • hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) metal component according to the invention which is provided with a marking and/or marking
  • a laser-induced reaction in particular laser radiation
  • a galvanized, in particular hot-dip galvanized (hot-dip galvanized) (metal) component in particular steel component
  • the galvanized (metal) component is a metallic , in particular iron-based base material, preferably steel, and a galvanizing layer applied to the base material
  • the galvanized (metal) component being provided with a permanent marking (permanent marking)
  • the galvanizing layer being selective (only) in a predetermined area of the marking to be created laser-induced, in particular under the influence of laser energy, in particular laser radiation, is subjected to a chemical reaction with at least one ambient gas (reaction gas), so that a reaction of the galvanizing layer takes place selectively (only) in the area of the marking and the resulting reaction product of the galvanizing layer forms the permanent marking.
  • the device described above is designed in such a way that the device and/or the control device for producing or applying the permanent marking and/or for implementing the galvanizing layer is/are designed and/or provided and/or controllable at least substantially without material removal of the galvanizing layer .
  • the device described above is designed such that the device and/or the control device for producing or applying the permanent marking and/or for implementing the galvanizing layer is/are designed and/or provided and/or controllable in such a way, in particular in Depending on the laser energy and/or depending on the reaction conditions, the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is not converted to the underlying base material.
  • the previously described device can be operated in such a way that the device and/or the control device for producing or applying the permanent marking and/or for implementing the galvanizing layer is/are designed and/or provided and/or controllable in such a way, in particular depending on the laser energy and/or depending on the reaction conditions, that the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking is at most 99% of its thickness, in particular at most 95% of its thickness, preferably at most 90% of its thickness, preferably at most 80% of its thickness, particularly preferably at most 70% of its thickness, very particularly preferably at most 60% of its thickness, even more preferably at most 50% of its thickness.
  • the previously described device and / or the control device is designed and / or provided and / or controllable such that the ambient gas used can be selected from the group of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon oxides and Boranes and mixtures and combinations thereof, preferably from the group of oxygen, nitrogen and carbon oxides and mixtures and combinations thereof, optionally in combination with at least one non-reactive gas, in particular at least one noble gas.
  • the device and/or the control device for converting the galvanizing layer into oxides, nitrides, carbonates and/or borides, preferably oxides, nitrides and/or carbonates, in particular of zinc and optionally further (alloy) metals present in the galvanizing layer are formed and/or provided and/or controllable.
  • the previously described device and/or the control device is/are designed and/or provided and/or controllable in such a way that the reaction of the galvanizing layer in the area of the marking to be applied is controlled by means of and/or depending on can be controlled by the amount of laser energy applied, in particular laser pulse power, laser pulse length, laser pulse duration, laser pulse repetition rate and/or laser wavelength, and/or by means of and/or depending on the reaction conditions, in particular pressure, temperature and/or composition of the ambient gas (reaction gas). .
  • the galvanizing device of the system according to the invention is designed as a hot-dip galvanizing device.
  • a corresponding hot-dip galvanizing device as can be used in the system according to the invention, is exemplary and schematically discussed in detail below Fig. 2 shown, which will be discussed below.
  • the device according to the invention for marking and/or marking the galvanized metal components can be arranged downstream in the process direction or downstream of the cooling device (H), but upstream of the post-processing and/or post-treatment device (I) or, according to an alternative, in the process direction be arranged downstream or downstream of the post-processing and / or post-treatment device (I).
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the sequence of a galvanizing process, in particular a hot-dip galvanizing process, for producing a galvanizing layer on metal components, which are provided with a marking and/or marking as part of the process according to the invention, according to a special embodiment of the present invention.
  • the successive process stages or process steps a) to i) of the galvanizing process are shown schematically, with process steps b), d), f), h) and i), in particular process steps h) and i), optional are.
  • process steps b) to i) of the galvanizing process are shown schematically, with process steps b), d), f), h) and i), in particular process steps h) and i), optional are.
  • the process flow is as follows, the galvanizing process comprising the following steps successively in this order: degreasing (step a)); Rinse (step b), optional); pickling (step c)); rinsing (step d), optional); Flux bath treatment (step e)); drying (step f), optional); Hot-dip galvanizing (step g)); cooling (step h), optional); as well as post-processing or post-treatment (step i), optional).
  • degreasing step a)
  • Rinse step b
  • pickling step c)
  • rinsing step d
  • Flux bath treatment step e
  • drying step f
  • Hot-dip galvanizing step g
  • cooling step h
  • step i post-processing or post-treatment
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of a galvanizing device that can be used in the system according to the invention, in particular hot-dip galvanizing device, for producing a galvanizing layer on metal components, which are provided with a marking and / or marking as part of the method according to the invention, according to a special embodiment of the present invention.
  • the galvanizing device that can be used within the scope of the present invention is shown schematically with the individual devices (A) to (I), the devices (B), (D), (F), (H) and (I), in particular the devices (H ) and (I), are optional. According to the in Fig.
  • degreasing device A
  • optionally rinsing device B
  • pickling device C
  • optionally rinsing device D
  • flux treatment device E
  • optionally drying device F
  • hot-dip galvanizing device G
  • optionally cooling device H
  • optionally post-processing or post-treatment device I
  • Figs. 3A, 3B, 3C show schematic process sequences of the method according to the invention with individual stages or process steps of the method according to the invention according to three different variants, each according to a particular embodiment of the present invention.
  • a carrier product carrier
  • a suspension 3 e.g. wires, etc.
  • the galvanized components 2 can be marked hanging directly on the goods carrier 4, ie immediately after galvanizing, before rework 6 and storage 7 follow (cf. Fig. 3A ).
  • the galvanized components 2 can also first be removed from the goods carrier 4 and then marked in the area of rework 6;
  • the marking 5 can basically take place before, during or after the reworking step (cf. Fig. 3B ).
  • the components are marked on the way from the goods carrier to rework or from rework to the warehouse.
  • the marking step can also be carried out after completion of the rework 6 and positioning in packaging units or storage 7 (cf. Fig. 3C ).
  • the marking process can in principle also be carried out outside of the galvanizing plant, e.g. B. as part of the production line (not shown); In this case, the finished galvanized components are delivered to the manufacturer or processing company, where the marking can then be done on a packaging unit or on an individual component at any point in the manufacturing process.
  • Fig. 4A shows a schematic process sequence of a conventional marking or marking method according to the prior art for producing a marking or marking on a galvanized metal component while removing material from the galvanizing layer.
  • a (metal) component 8 in particular a steel component, which has a metallic, in particular iron-based, base material 8a, preferably steel, and a galvanizing layer 8b applied to the base material 8a, is subjected to a marking or marking process with material removal of the galvanizing layer 8b (e.g. using laser ablation).
  • the result is a conventional galvanized (metal) component according to the state of the art, provided with a marking and/or marking 8c, with a defect point 8c as a marking or marking, which must subsequently be subjected to post-processing in order to maintain the protective properties of the defective galvanizing layer to restore.
  • Fig. 4B shows, on the other hand, a schematic process sequence of the marking or marking method according to the invention according to a special embodiment of the present invention for producing a marking or marking on a galvanized metal component to obtain a product according to the invention (ie galvanized component marked or marked according to the invention).
  • a metal component 8 in particular steel component which has a metallic, in particular iron-based base material 8a, preferably steel, and a galvanizing layer 8b applied to the base material 8a, is subjected to a marking or marking method according to the invention without material removal of the galvanizing layer 8b.
  • the galvanized (metal) component 8 is provided with a permanent marking (permanent marking) 8d, the galvanizing layer 8b selectively (only) inducing a chemical reaction in a predetermined area of the marking to be produced, in particular under the influence of laser energy, in particular laser radiation is subjected to at least one ambient gas (reaction gas), so that The galvanizing layer is implemented selectively (only) in the area of the marking and the resulting reaction product of the galvanizing layer forms the permanent marking 8d. A post-processing of the marking 8d is therefore not necessary.
  • Sample sheets of type S235 are each hot-dip galvanized according to the process Fig. 1 and with the device according to Fig. 2 subjected.
  • Series 1 Classic galvanizing according to DIN EN ISO 1461 with pure zinc (zinc layer thickness: approx. 65 ⁇ m), no post-treatment
  • Series 2 Classic galvanizing according to DIN EN ISO 1461 with pure zinc (zinc layer thickness: approx. 65 ⁇ m), post-treatment by passivation with Cr(III)
  • Series 3 Thin-film galvanizing according to ASTM 1072 with Zn/Al melt (microZINQ ® process; galvanizing according to EP 1 352 100 B1 ) (Zn/Al layer thickness: approx.
  • sample sheets from series 1 to 4 are each provided with a marking or marking on one of the two flat sides using the method according to the invention (clearly readable lettering as a marking).
  • the relevant galvanized sample sheets are each provided with a permanent marking (permanent marking) using a laser marking device from Cajo Technologies Oy, Kempele, Finland, under the process conditions described in detail above, whereby the galvanizing layer is selectively only in a predetermined area of the to be produced Laser-induced marking is subjected to a chemical reaction with a relevant reaction gas, so that the galvanizing layer is selectively implemented only in the area of the marking and the resulting reaction product of the galvanizing layer forms the permanent marking.
  • a permanent marking using a laser marking device from Cajo Technologies Oy, Kempele, Finland
  • sample sheets from series 1 to 4 are each provided with a marking or marking on one of the two flat sides using a conventional laser ablation process (clearly readable lettering as a marking).
  • the relevant galvanized sample sheets are each provided with a permanent marking (permanent marking) using a laser marking device from Cajo Technologies Oy, Kempele, Finland, whereby the galvanizing layer is selectively laser-induced removed only in a predetermined area of the marking to be created, so that In this way a permanent mark is formed.

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Claims (11)

  1. Procédé d'identification et/ou de marquage d'un élément métallique galvanisé à chaud, en particulier un élément en acier, l'élément métallique galvanisé à chaud présentant un matériau de base à base de fer, de préférence de l'acier, et une couche de galvanisation appliquée sur le matériau de base, l'élément métallique galvanisé étant pourvu d'un marquage durable, la couche de galvanisation étant soumise sélectivement à une réaction chimique avec au moins un gaz de réaction, induite par laser, sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser, uniquement dans une zone prédéterminée du marquage à produire, de sorte qu'une transformation de la couche de galvanisation a lieu sélectivement uniquement dans la zone du marquage et que le produit de transformation résultant de la couche de galvanisation forme le marquage durable,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la production du marquage permanent et la transposition de la couche de galvanisation s'effectuent au moins essentiellement sans enlèvement de matière de la couche de galvanisation,
    que, lors de la production du marquage permanent, la couche de galvanisation n'est balayée sélectivement que dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire, une ou plusieurs fois, avec un faisceau laser pulsé, de telle manière que des taches lumineuses voisines du faisceau laser se rejoignent sans espace ou se chevauchent,
    que la production du marquage durable et le transfert de la couche de galvanisation s'effectuent de telle sorte que la couche de galvanisation n'est pas transférée jusqu'au matériau de base sous-jacent dans la zone du marquage,
    que le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est choisi parmi le groupe des oxydes, nitrures, carbonates et/ou borures du zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres métaux présents dans la couche de galvanisation et
    que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation dans la zone du marquage à apposer est induite par laser sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser avec un rayonnement laser pulsé et que la condition suivante est respectée : 0,075 ≤ Epsilon ≤ 2 .275
    Figure imgb0017
     avec Epsilon = 10 3 • P p 2 • √ P m • f • α • √ t • √ κ d 2 • √ v • √ T v • √ c p • √ λ
    Figure imgb0018
     où:
    Pp: puissance de crête de l'impulsion du rayonnement laser sortant [kW]
    Pm: puissance moyenne du rayonnement laser sortant [W]
    t: longueur d'impulsion des impulsions laser [ns],
    f: taux de répétition des impulsions laser [kHz]
    v: vitesse de balayage à la surface de la couche de galvanisation [mm/s]
    d: diamètre du faisceau laser sur la pièce [µm]
    α: absorption du rayonnement laser de la couche de galvanisation irradiée [%] dans des conditions normales
    λ: longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser [nm]
    Tv: point d'ébullition de la couche de galvanisation [K] à pression normale
    cp: capacité thermique spécifique de la couche de galvanisation [J/kg K] dans des conditions normales
    κ: conductivité thermique spécifique de la couche de galvanisation [W/m K] dans des conditions normales.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    où la production ou l'application du marquage permanent et/ou la transformation de la couche de galvanisation s'effectuent avec une énergie laser telle et/ou dans des conditions de réaction telles que la couche de galvanisation ne soit pas transformée dans la zone du marquage jusqu'au matériau de base sous-jacent; et/ou
    où la production ou l'application du marquage permanent et/ou la transformation de la couche de galvanisation s'effectuent de telle manière, en particulier avec une énergie laser telle que la couche de galvanisation est transformée dans la zone du marquage à 99 % au maximum de son épaisseur, en particulier à 95 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 90 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 80 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière particulièrement préférée à 70 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière tout particulièrement préférée à 60 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière encore plus préférée à 50 % au maximum de son épaisseur; et/ou
    où le gaz de réaction utilisé est choisi parmi le groupe de l'oxygène, de l'azote, des oxydes de carbone et des boranes ainsi que de leurs mélanges et combinaisons, de préférence parmi le groupe de l'oxygène, de l'azote et des oxydes de carbone ainsi que de leurs mélanges et combinaisons; en particulier où le gaz de réaction est utilisé en combinaison avec au moins un gaz non-réactif, en particulier au moins un gaz rare.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation conduise à des oxydes, des nitrures, des carbonates et/ou des borures, de préférence des oxydes, des nitrures et/ou des carbonates, en particulier du zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres métaux (d'alliage) présents dans la couche de galvanisation; et/ou
    où le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est choisi parmi le groupe des oxydes, nitrures et/ou carbonates de zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres métaux (d'alliage) présents dans la couche de galvanisation; et/ou
    où le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est de couleur différente de celle de la couche de galvanisation et/ou le marquage est de couleur différente de celle de la couche de galvanisation et/ou pouvant être distingué de la couche de galvanisation par sa couleur; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation dans la zone du marquage à appliquer est commandée au moyen et/ou en fonction de la quantité d'énergie laser agissant, en particulier la puissance d'impulsion laser, la longueur d'impulsion laser, la durée d'impulsion laser, le taux de répétition d'impulsion laser et/ou la longueur d'onde laser, et/ou au moyen et/ou en fonction des conditions de réaction, en particulier la pression, la température et/ou la composition du gaz de réaction; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une longueur d'onde laser dans la plage de 100 nm à 11 000 nm, en particulier dans la plage de 200 nm à 6000 nm, de préférence dans la plage de 400 nm à 3000 nm, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 500 nm à 2000 nm; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue pour une longueur d'impulsion des impulsions laser dans la plage de 0,1 ns à 2000 ns, en particulier dans la plage de 0,1 ns à 1000 ns, de préférence dans la plage de 0,2 ns à 295 ns, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 0,5 ns à 195 ns; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une puissance moyenne du rayonnement laser sortant dans la plage de 5 watts à 30000 watts, en particulier dans la plage de 7,5 watts à 1000 watts, de préférence dans la plage de 10 watts à 1000 watts, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 10 watts à 500 watts; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une puissance de crête d'impulsion du rayonnement laser sortant dans la plage de 0,1 kilowatt à 3000 kilowatts, en particulier dans la plage de 1 kilowatt à 2000 kilowatts, de préférence dans la plage de 2 kilowatts à 1800 kilowatts; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à un taux de répétition des impulsions laser dans la plage de 1 kHz à 5000 kHz, en particulier dans la plage de 5 kHz à 4000 kHz, de préférence dans la plage de 10 kHz à 3000 kHz; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu avec un diamètre du rayonnement laser sur la surface de la couche de galvanisation dans la plage de 1 µm à 10000 µm, en particulier dans la plage de 5 µm à 8000 µm, de préférence dans la plage de 10 µm à 6000 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 25 µm à 4000 µm; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue avec une vitesse de balayage laser sur la surface de la couche de galvanisation dans la plage de 10 mm/s à 30000 mm/s, en particulier dans la plage de 20 mm/s à 25000 mm/s, de préférence dans la plage de 25 mm/s à 22000 mm/s, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 30 mm/s à 19000 mm/s; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une pression de l'ordre de 0,001 mbar à 15 bars, en particulier de l'ordre de 0,005 mbar à 12 bars, de préférence de l'ordre de 0,01 mbar à 11 bars, de manière particulièrement préférée de l'ordre de 0,1 mbar à 10 bars; et/ou
    où la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une température du gaz de réaction à l'extérieur du faisceau laser dans la plage de -50°C à 350°C, en particulier dans la plage de -40°C à 325°C, de préférence dans la plage de -30°C à 300°C, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de -20°C à 200°C.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    où la couche de galvanisation a une épaisseur de 0,5 à 300 µm, en particulier de 1 à 200 µm, de préférence de 1,5 à 100 µm, de préférence de 2 à 30 µm; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est formée de zinc au moins sensiblement pur ou d'un alliage de zinc, de préférence d'un alliage de zinc; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est formée d'un alliage de zinc; en particulier, la couche de galvanisation contenant du zinc ainsi que, comme métal d'alliage, de l'aluminium en une quantité de 0,0001 à 25 % en poids, en particulier en une quantité de 0,001 à 20 % en poids, de préférence en une quantité de 0,005 à 17,5 % en poids, de préférence en une quantité de 0,01 à 15 % en poids, de manière particulièrement préférée en une quantité de 0,02 à 12,5 % en poids, de manière tout à fait préférée en une quantité de 0,05 à 10 % en poids, de manière encore plus préférée en une quantité de 0,1 à 8 % en poids, par rapport à la couche de galvanisation; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est formée d'un alliage de zinc; en particulier où la couche de galvanisation est une couche de galvanisation alliée à l'aluminium ("couche de galvanisation Zn/AI") et/ou en particulier où la couche de galvanisation contient, par rapport à la couche de galvanisation, une quantité de zinc d'au moins 75 % en poids, en particulier d'au moins 80 % en poids, de préférence d'au moins 85 % en poids, de préférence d'au moins 90 % en poids, et une quantité d'aluminium allant jusqu'à 25 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 10 % en poids, en particulier jusqu'à 20 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 15 % en poids, de préférence jusqu'à 10 % en poids, ainsi que, le cas échéant, au moins un autre métal, en particulier en quantités allant jusqu'à 5 % en poids et/ou en particulier choisi parmi le groupe du bismuth (Bi), du plomb (Pb), de l'étain (Sn), du nickel (Ni), du silicium (Si), du magnésium (Mg) et de leurs combinaisons, toutes les indications de quantité mentionnées ci-dessus devant être choisies de telle sorte qu'il en résulte au total 100 % en poids.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    où la couche de galvanisation éesttant au moins essentiellement exempte, de préférence totalement exempte, de plomb (Pb) et/ou de nickel (Ni); et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est au moins essentiellement exempte, de préférence totalement exempte, de métaux lourds choisis parmi le groupe constitué par le plomb (Pb), le nickel (Ni), le cobalt (Co), le manganèse (Mn), l'étain (Sn), le bismuth (Bi) et l'antimoine (Sb); et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation a été produite par galvanisation à chaud.
  6. Élément métallique galvanisé à chaud pourvu d'une identification et/ou d'un marquage, en particulier élément en acier, le élément métallique galvanisé présentant un matériau de base à base de fer, de préférence de l'acier, et une couche de galvanisation appliquée sur le matériau de base, l'élément métallique galvanisé étant pourvu d'un marquage durable, la couche de galvanisation ayant été soumise sélectivement à une réaction chimique avec au moins un gaz de réaction uniquement dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser, de sorte qu'une transformation de la couche de galvanisation n'a eu lieu sélectivement que dans la zone du marquage et que le produit de transformation résultant de la couche de galvanisation forme le marquage durable,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la production ou l'application du marquage permanent et la transformation de la couche de galvanisation ont été effectuées au moins essentiellement sans enlèvement de matière de la couche de galvanisation et que la production ou l'application du marquage permanent et la transformation de la couche de galvanisation ont été effectuées de telle sorte que la couche de galvanisation n'a pas été transformée jusqu'au matériau de base sous-jacent dans la zone du marquage,
    que, lors de la production du marquage permanent, la couche de galvanisation a été balayée sélectivement une ou plusieurs fois avec un faisceau laser pulsé uniquement dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire, de telle sorte que des taches lumineuses voisines du faisceau laser se rejoignent ou se chevauchent sans espace, et
    que le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est choisi parmi le groupe des oxydes, nitrures, carbonates et/ou borures du zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres métaux présents dans la couche de galvanisation.
  7. Élément métallique galvanisé à chaud pourvu d'une identification et/ou d'un marquage selon la revendication 6,
    où la production ou l'application du marquage permanent et/ou la transformation de la couche de galvanisation ont été effectuées, en particulier avec une énergie laser telle que la couche de galvanisation est transformée dans la zone du marquage à 99 % au maximum de son épaisseur, en particulier à 95 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 90 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 80 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière particulièrement préférée à 70 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière tout particulièrement préférée à 60 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière encore plus préférée à 50 % au maximum de son épaisseur; et/ou
    où le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est choisi parmi le groupe d'oxydes, de nitrures et/ou de carbonates du zinc ainsi que le cas échéant d'autres métaux (d'alliage) présents dans la couche de galvanisation; et/ou
    où le produit de réaction de la couche de galvanisation formé dans la zone du marquage est de couleur différente de celle de la couche de galvanisation et/ou où le marquage est de couleur différente de celle de la couche de galvanisation et/ou pouvant être distingué de la couche de galvanisation par sa couleur; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation a une épaisseur de 0,5 à 300 µm, en particulier de 1 à 200 µm, de préférence de 1,5 à 100 µm, de préférence de 2 à 30 µm; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est formée de zinc au moins sensiblement pur ou d'un alliage de zinc, de préférence d'un alliage de zinc; et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est au moins essentiellement exempte, de préférence totalement exempte, de plomb (Pb) et/ou de nickel (Ni); et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation est au moins essentiellement exempte, de préférence totalement exempte, de métaux lourds choisis parmi le groupe constitué par le plomb (Pb), le nickel (Ni), le cobalt (Co), le manganèse (Mn), l'étain (Sn), le bismuth (Bi) et l'antimoine (Sb); et/ou
    où la couche de galvanisation a été produite par galvanisation à chaud.
  8. Installation pour la fabrication d'un élément métallique galvanisé à chaud, en particulier un élément en acier, pourvu d'une identification et/ou d'un marquage, l'élément métallique galvanisé à chaud présentant un matériau de base à base de fer, de préférence de l'acier, et une couche de galvanisation appliquée sur le matériau de base, l'élément métallique galvanisé étant pourvu d'un marquage durable, la couche de galvanisation ayant été soumise sélectivement à une réaction chimique avec au moins un gaz de réaction, induite par laser, sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser, uniquement dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire, de sorte qu'une réaction de la couche de galvanisation n'a eu lieu sélectivement que dans la zone du marquage et que le produit de réaction résultant de la couche de galvanisation forme le marquage durable,
    où l'installation comprend d'une part un dispositif de marquage et/ou d'identification d'une pièce métallique galvanisée à chaud, en particulier d'une pièce en acier, ainsi que d'autre part, en amont du dispositif et/ou en amont du dispositif dans le sens du processus, un dispositif de galvanisation à chaud pour la fabrication d'une pièce métallique galvanisée à chaud, en particulier d'une pièce en acier;
    où le dispositif d'identification et/ou de marquage est réalisé au moyen d'un dispositif de commande de telle sorte que la pièce métallique galvanisée soit pourvue d'un marquage durable, le dispositif exposant la couche de galvanisation sélectivement seulement dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire, de manière induite par laser, sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser, à une réaction chimique avec au moins un gaz de réaction, de telle sorte qu'une transformation de la couche de galvanisation ait lieu sélectivement seulement dans la zone du marquage et que le produit de transformation résultant de la couche de galvanisation forme le marquage durable,
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu pour produire ou appliquer le marquage permanent et pour transformer la couche de galvanisation au moins essentiellement sans enlèvement de matière de la couche de galvanisation et le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu pour produire ou appliquer le marquage permanent et pour transformer la couche de galvanisation de telle sorte que la couche de galvanisation ne soit pas transformée dans la zone du marquage jusqu'au matériau de base sous-jacent,
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu de telle sorte que, lors de la production du marquage permanent, la couche de galvanisation est balayée sélectivement une ou plusieurs fois avec un faisceau laser pulsé uniquement dans une zone prédéfinie du marquage à produire, de telle sorte que des taches lumineuses voisines du faisceau laser s'entrechoquent ou se chevauchent sans espace,
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu pour la transformation de la couche de galvanisation en oxydes, nitrures, carbonates et/ou borures du zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, d'autres métaux présents dans la couche de galvanisation et
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu de telle sorte que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation dans la zone du marquage à apposer s'effectue par induction laser sous l'effet d'un rayonnement laser avec un rayonnement laser pulsé, la condition suivante étant respectée: 0,075 ≤ Epsilon ≤ 2 .275
    Figure imgb0019
     avec Epsilon = 10 3 • P p 2 • √ P m • f • α • √ t • √ κ d 2 • √ v • √ T v • √ c p • √ λ
    Figure imgb0020
     où :
    Pp: Puissance de crête de l'impulsion du rayonnement laser sortant [kW]
    Pm: puissance moyenne du rayonnement laser sortant [W]
    t: longueur d'impulsion des impulsions laser [ns]
    f: taux de répétition des impulsions laser [kHz]
    v: vitesse de balayage à la surface de la couche de galvanisation [mm/s]
    d: diamètre du faisceau laser sur la pièce [µm]
    α: absorption du rayonnement laser de la couche de galvanisation irradiée [%] dans des conditions normales
    λ: longueur d'onde du rayonnement laser [nm]
    Tv: point d'ébullition de la couche de galvanisation [K] à pression normale
    cp: capacité thermique spécifique de la couche de galvanisation [J/kg K] dans des conditions normales
    κ: conductivité thermique spécifique de la couche de galvanisation [W/m K] dans des conditions normales.
  9. Installation selon la revendication 8,
    où l'appareil de galvanisation à chaud comprenant les dispositifs de traitement suivants dans l'ordre indiqué ci-dessous:
    (A) au moins un dispositif de dégraissage, en particulier au moins un bain de dégraissage, pour le traitement de dégraissage, de préférence alcalin, de pièces métalliques ; en aval de (A) dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (A)
    (B) le cas échéant, au moins un dispositif de rinçage, en particulier au moins un bain de rinçage, pour le rinçage de composants métalliques dégraissés dans le dispositif de dégraissage (A); en aval ou en aval de (B) dans le sens du processus
    (C) au moins un dispositif de décapage, en particulier au moins un bain de décapage, pour le traitement de décapage, de préférence acide, de composants métalliques dégraissés dans le dispositif de dégraissage (A) et éventuellement rincés dans le dispositif de rinçage (B); en aval ou en aval de (C) dans le sens du processus
    (D) le cas échéant, au moins un dispositif de rinçage, en particulier au moins un bain de rinçage, pour le rinçage de composants métalliques décapés dans le dispositif de décapage (C); en aval dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (D)
    (E) au moins un dispositif de traitement de flux pour le traitement de flux de composants métalliques décapés dans le dispositif de décapage (C) et éventuellement rincés dans le dispositif de rinçage (D), le dispositif de traitement de flux présentant au moins un bain de flux avec une composition de flux; en aval dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (E)
    (F) le cas échéant, au moins un dispositif de séchage pour sécher des composants métalliques soumis à un traitement par flux dans le dispositif de traitement par flux (E); en aval ou en aval de (F) dans le sens du processus
    (G) au moins un dispositif de galvanisation à chaud pour la galvanisation à chaud de composants métalliques soumis à un traitement par flux dans le dispositif de traitement par flux (E) et éventuellement séchés dans le dispositif de séchage (F), le dispositif de galvanisation à chaud présentant au moins un bain de galvanisation contenant une masse fondue de zinc éventuellement alliée à au moins un autre métal, de préférence pour (immerger) des composants métalliques dans le bain de galvanisation; en aval ou en aval de (G) dans le sens du processus
    (H) le cas échéant, au moins un dispositif de refroidissement pour refroidir les composants métalliques galvanisés à chaud dans le dispositif de galvanisation à chaud (F), en particulier en présence d'air; en aval de (H) dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (H)
    (I) le cas échéant, au moins un dispositif de traitement ultérieur et/ou de post-traitement pour le traitement ultérieur et/ou le post-traitement des composants métalliques galvanisés à chaud et le cas échéant refroidis, le dispositif d'identification et/ou de marquage des composants métalliques galvanisés à chaud étant disposé en aval de (H) dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (H), mais en amont de (I), ou bien le dispositif d'identification et/ou de marquage des composants métalliques galvanisés à chaud étant disposé en aval de (I) dans le sens du processus ou en aval de (I).
  10. Installation selon la revendication 8
    où le dispositif de commande pour la production ou l'application du marquage durable et/ou pour la transformation de la couche de galvanisation est conçu et/ou prévu de telle sorte, en particulier en fonction de l'énergie laser et/ou en fonction des conditions de réaction, que la couche de galvanisation est transformée dans la zone du marquage à 99 % au maximum de son épaisseur, en particulier à 95 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 90 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de préférence à 80 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière particulièrement préférée à 70 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière tout particulièrement préférée à 60 % au maximum de son épaisseur, de manière encore plus préférée à 50 % au maximum de son épaisseur; et/ou
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu de telle sorte que le gaz de réaction utilisé puisse être choisi parmi le groupe de l'oxygène, de l'azote, des oxydes de carbone et des boranes ainsi que de leurs mélanges et combinaisons, de préférence parmi le groupe de l'oxygène, de l'azote et des oxydes de carbone ainsi que de leurs mélanges et combinaisons, éventuellement en combinaison avec au moins un gaz non réactif, en particulier au moins un gaz rare; et/ou
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu pour la transformation de la couche de galvanisation en oxydes, nitrures et/ou carbonates de zinc ainsi que, le cas échéant, en d'autres métaux (d'alliage) présents dans la couche de galvanisation; et/ou
    où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu de telle sorte que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation dans la zone du marquage à appliquer peut être commandée au moyen et/ou en fonction de la quantité d'énergie laser agissant, en particulier la puissance d'impulsion laser, la longueur d'impulsion laser, la durée d'impulsion laser, le taux de répétition d'impulsion laser et/ou la longueur d'onde laser, et/ou au moyen et/ou en fonction des conditions de réaction, en particulier la pression, la température et/ou la composition du gaz de réaction.
  11. Installation selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, où le dispositif de commande est conçu et/ou prévu de telle manière,
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu à une longueur d'onde de laser dans la plage de 100 nm à 11000 nm, en particulier dans la plage de 200 nm à 6000 nm, de préférence dans la plage de 400 nm à 3000 nm, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 500 nm à 2000 nm; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu pour une longueur d'impulsion des impulsions laser dans la plage de 0,1 ns à 2000 ns, en particulier dans la plage de 0,1 ns à 1000 ns, de préférence dans la plage de 0,2 ns à 295 ns, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 0,5 ns à 195 ns; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu à une puissance moyenne du rayonnement laser sortant dans la plage de 5 watts à 30000 watts, en particulier dans la plage de 7,5 watts à 1000 watts, de préférence dans la plage de 10 watts à 1000 watts, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 10 watts à 500 watts; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu pour une puissance de crête d'impulsion du rayonnement laser sortant dans la plage de 0,1 kilowatt à 3000 kilowatts, en particulier dans la plage de 1 kilowatt à 2000 kilowatts, de préférence dans la plage de 2 kilowatts à 1800 kilowatts; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu à un taux de répétition des impulsions laser dans la plage de 1 kHz à 5000 kHz, en particulier dans la plage de 5 kHz à 4000 kHz, de préférence dans la plage de 10 kHz à 3000 kHz; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu avec un diamètre du rayonnement laser sur la surface de la couche de galvanisation dans la plage de 1 µm à 10000 µm, en particulier dans la plage de 5 µm à 8000 µm, de préférence dans la plage de 10 µm à 6000 µm, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 25 µm à 4000 µm; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue avec une vitesse de balayage laser sur la surface de la couche de galvanisation dans la plage de 10 mm/s à 30000 mm/s, en particulier dans la plage de 20 mm/s à 25000 mm/s, de préférence dans la plage de 25 mm/s à 22000 mm/s, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de 30 mm/s à 19000 mm/s; et/ou
    en ce que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation s'effectue à une pression de l'ordre de 0,001 mbar à 15 bar, en particulier de l'ordre de 0,005 mbar à 12 bar, de préférence de l'ordre de 0,01 mbar à 11 bar, de manière particulièrement préférée de l'ordre de 0,1 mbar à 10 bar; et/ou
    que la réaction de la couche de galvanisation a lieu à une température du gaz de réaction à l'extérieur du faisceau laser dans la plage de -50 °C à 350 °C, en particulier dans la plage de -40 °C à 325 °C, de préférence dans la plage de -30 °C à 300 °C, de manière particulièrement préférée dans la plage de -20 °C à 200 °C.
EP17207229.0A 2017-01-17 2017-12-14 Procede et systeme d'identification et/ou de marquage de composants galvanises a chaud et de composants fabriqués avec eux Active EP3363576B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102017000347 2017-01-17
DE102017106672.1A DE102017106672A1 (de) 2017-01-17 2017-03-28 Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung und/oder Markierung verzinkter, insbesondere feuerverzinkter Bauteile

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EP3363576B1 true EP3363576B1 (fr) 2023-12-13

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DE102018212810A1 (de) * 2018-08-01 2020-02-06 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Schweißen eines verzinkten Kraftfahrzeugbauteils
EP3882374A1 (fr) 2020-03-18 2021-09-22 voestalpine Stahl GmbH Procédé de génération de zones à différentes propriétés optiques sur des bandes en acier galvanisées et bandes en acier galvanisées pourvues de zones à différentes propriétés optiques
CN115673559A (zh) * 2021-07-27 2023-02-03 苏州博亚科技有限公司 汽车零部件加工方法

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US5860204A (en) * 1993-06-24 1999-01-19 The Idod Trust Continuous tube forming and coating
US20150049593A1 (en) * 2012-03-12 2015-02-19 Rolex Sa Method for engraving a timepiece component and timepiece component obtained using such a method

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AU6057900A (en) * 1999-07-22 2001-02-13 Robotic Vision Systems, Inc. Apparatuses and methods for applying an indelible and contrasting pattern onto acarrier
EP1209245A1 (fr) 2000-11-23 2002-05-29 Galvapower Group N.V. Flux et son utilisation dans un procédé de galvanisation par immersion à chaud
DE102007010932A1 (de) 2007-03-05 2008-09-11 Hünnebeck Group GmbH Verzinkte längenverstellbare Stahlrohrstütze mit Markierungen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE102013002222B4 (de) 2013-02-11 2017-03-02 Photon Energy Gmbh Verfahren zur Modifikation der Oberfläche eines Metalls
FI20135386L (fi) 2013-04-18 2014-10-19 Cajo Tech Oy Metallipintojen värimerkintä
FI20135385A7 (fi) 2013-04-18 2014-10-19 Cajo Tech Oy Metallipintojen värimerkintä
DE102013214460A1 (de) * 2013-07-24 2015-01-29 Aktiebolaget Skf Beschrifteter Lagerring, Lager mit einem beschrifteten Lagerring und Verfahren zum Beschriften eines Lagerrings
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US5860204A (en) * 1993-06-24 1999-01-19 The Idod Trust Continuous tube forming and coating
US20150049593A1 (en) * 2012-03-12 2015-02-19 Rolex Sa Method for engraving a timepiece component and timepiece component obtained using such a method

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DE102017106672A1 (de) 2018-07-19
PL3363576T3 (pl) 2024-04-22
EP3363576A1 (fr) 2018-08-22

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