EP3387352A1 - Verfahren zur verflüssigung von erdgas und stickstoff - Google Patents

Verfahren zur verflüssigung von erdgas und stickstoff

Info

Publication number
EP3387352A1
EP3387352A1 EP16809967.9A EP16809967A EP3387352A1 EP 3387352 A1 EP3387352 A1 EP 3387352A1 EP 16809967 A EP16809967 A EP 16809967A EP 3387352 A1 EP3387352 A1 EP 3387352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
natural gas
nitrogen
stream
liquefaction
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16809967.9A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Nicolas CHAMBRON
Richard Dubettier-Grenier
Loïc JOLY
Vianney MEUNIER
Christophe Szamlewski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of EP3387352A1 publication Critical patent/EP3387352A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F25J1/0015—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
    • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
    • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0203—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
    • F25J1/0204—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0235—Heat exchange integration
    • F25J1/0236—Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
    • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
    • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04278—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using external refrigeration units, e.g. closed mechanical or regenerative refrigeration units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04351—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F25J3/04357—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/42—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/14—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/16—External refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with mutliple gas expansion loops of the same refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/42—Quasi-closed internal or closed external nitrogen refrigeration cycle

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for liquefying a hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas in particular in a process for the production of liquefied natural gas and a stream of liquid nitrogen.
  • a hydrocarbon stream such as natural gas
  • refrigerant streams are used to produce cold at different levels of a main heat exchanger by vaporizing against the hydrocarbon stream to be liquefied (typically gas). natural).
  • the present invention is particularly well suited to a site where an air separation unit (ASU) and a natural gas liquefaction unit are present.
  • ASU air separation unit
  • natural gas liquefaction unit a natural gas liquefaction unit
  • natural gas can be stored and transported over long distances more easily in liquid form than in gaseous form, because it occupies a smaller volume for a given mass and does not need to be stored at high pressure.
  • EP 1435497 thermally combining an air separation unit with a natural gas liquefaction unit in which the cold required for the liquefaction of the natural gas is produced by the air separation unit via nitrogen liquid.
  • the disadvantage of such a system is that in general, the amount of liquid nitrogen produced by the air separation unit is not sufficient to avoid having to invest in a system of production of frigories ( turbo machinery for example) for the natural gas liquefaction unit.
  • the liquefaction of natural gas by liquid nitrogen is much less energetically effective than the use of refrigeration cycles such as the nitrogen cycle, based on the principle of the reverse Brayton cycle, or a cycle using mixed refrigerants, based on the vaporization of different hydrocarbon streams at different levels in the liquefaction exchanger
  • refrigeration cycles such as the nitrogen cycle, based on the principle of the reverse Brayton cycle, or a cycle using mixed refrigerants, based on the vaporization of different hydrocarbon streams at different levels in the liquefaction exchanger
  • the present invention relates to a process for producing liquefied natural gas and a liquid nitrogen stream comprising at least the following steps:
  • the subject of the invention is also:
  • the air separation unit comprises at least one so-called high-pressure column and at least one so-called low-pressure column, the nitrogen gas produced in step a) being produced in low pressure column head.
  • a method as described above, characterized in that said system for producing frigories comprises at least one compressor and at least one turbine-booster system.
  • the liquefaction unit comprises a refrigeration cycle supplied with a cooling stream containing at least one of the constituents chosen from nitrogen, methane, ethylene, ethane, butane and pentane.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for producing liquefied natural gas and liquid nitrogen comprising an air separation unit producing at least one gaseous stream of nitrogen and a liquefaction unit of natural gas, said liquefaction unit of natural gas comprising at least one main heat exchanger and a system for producing frigories characterized in that the frigory production system is adapted to and designed to liquefy both the nitrogen stream from the separation unit of air and the natural gas stream flowing through the natural gas liquefaction unit.
  • the subject of the invention is a device as described above, characterized in that said system for producing cold energy comprises at least one compressor and at least one turbine-booster system.
  • the object of the present invention is to thermally couple a liquefaction unit of a gas rich in hydrocarbons, typically natural gas, with an air separation unit (ASU).
  • ASU air separation unit
  • thermal coupling means for producing frigories to ensure the thermal balance of the two units, typically air compressor, refrigeration cycle compressor, and possibly a turbine / booster system.
  • turbine / blower system means a turbine mechanically coupled (via a common shaft) to a single-stage compressor. The power generated through the turbine being directly transmitted to the single stage compressor.
  • liquefaction unit Since the cooling requirement of a natural gas liquefaction unit is generally greater than the refrigeration requirement of an air separation unit, it is relevant to take advantage of the units (compressors and / or turbine / boosters) of the unit. liquefaction of natural gas to at least partially ensure the refrigeration needs of the air separation unit and in particular limit the investment in ASU machinery.
  • the incremental investment to increase the liquefaction capacity of a hydrocarbon liquefier is well below the incremental investment to increase the liquid production capacity of an air separation unit.
  • the invention is particularly applicable to an air separation unit producing one or more gaseous streams, including at least one stream of nitrogen gas.
  • This stream of nitrogen gas is sent to the main exchanger of the natural gas liquefaction unit and liquefies in parallel with the natural gas stream.
  • the cold necessary for the liquefaction of this stream of nitrogen gas is provided by the means for producing frigories of the liquefaction cycle of natural gas itself, typically the cycle compressor with possibly turbine / booster.
  • the stream of nitrogen gas may optionally be compressed before being sent into the liquefaction unit of natural gas to facilitate liquefaction.
  • the nitrogen stream is at least partially returned to the air separation unit, typically at the top of a low pressure column, to ensure the cooling balance.
  • One of the advantages of this solution is to take advantage of the refrigeration capacity of the natural gas liquefier to increase the oxygen and argon yield of the ASU while limiting its investment.
  • This solution also allows an ASU producing in its initial configuration almost only gaseous currents and very few liquids to produce liquid streams in greater quantity while limiting over-investment.
  • the nitrogen gas stream from the ASU will preferably be introduced upstream of the cycle compressor to be compressed thereby before being liquefied in the main exchanger of the liquefaction unit of natural gas.
  • the process according to the present invention is applicable to various hydrocarbon feed streams, it is particularly suitable for natural gas streams to be liquefied.
  • the liquefied natural gas can be further processed, if desired.
  • the liquefied natural gas obtained can be depressurized by means of a Joule-Thomson valve or by means of a turbine.
  • other intermediate treatment steps between the gas / liquid separation and the cooling can be carried out.
  • the hydrocarbon stream to be liquefied is usually a stream of natural gas obtained from natural gas fields or oil reservoirs.
  • the natural gas stream can also be obtained from another source, also including a synthetic source such as a Fischer-Tropsch process.
  • the flow of natural gas is essentially composed of methane.
  • the feed stream comprises at least 60 mol% of methane, preferably at least 80 mol% of methane.
  • natural gas may contain quantities of hydrocarbons heavier than methane, such as ethane, propane, butane and pentane, as well as some aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the natural gas stream may also contain non-hydrocarbon products such as H 2 O, N 2 , CO 2 , H 2 S and other sulfur compounds, and the like.
  • the feed stream containing the natural gas can be pretreated before being introduced into the heat exchanger.
  • This pretreatment may include reducing and / or eliminating undesirable components such as CO2 and H 2 S, or other steps such as pre-cooling and / or pressurizing. Since these measurements are well known to those skilled in the art, they are not further detailed here.
  • natural gas refers to any composition containing hydrocarbons including at least methane. This includes a "raw” composition (prior to any treatment such as cleaning or washing), as well as any composition that has been partially, substantially, or wholly processed for the reduction and / or elimination of one or more compounds, including but not limited to limited to sulfur, carbon dioxide, water, and hydrocarbons having two or more carbon atoms.
  • the heat exchanger can be any column, unit or other arrangement adapted to allow the passage of a number of flows, and thus allow a direct or indirect heat exchange between one or more lines of refrigerant, and one or several feed streams.
  • the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the figure which illustrates the diagram of a particular embodiment of an implementation of a method according to the invention.
  • a stream of natural gas 1 is introduced into the main exchanger 2 of a unit 3 for liquefying natural gas to be liquefied.
  • a stream 20 of liquid natural gas is extracted from the liquefaction unit 3.
  • a cooling stream circulates in a closed cycle in this heat exchanger 2 to provide the cold necessary to liquefy said stream 1 of natural gas.
  • the present figure describes a liquefaction cycle using nitrogen.
  • liquefaction cycles of natural gas can be implemented, for example a reverse Brayton cycle (in particular fed with nitrogen) but it can also be used on the NG cycle itself) or a cycle based on one or more mixed refrigerants.
  • an air separation unit (ASU) 4 containing at least one so-called high pressure column 6 and a so-called low pressure column 5 produces a gas stream 7 of nitrogen.
  • This nitrogen stream 7 is introduced into the system 8 for producing frigories of the liquefaction unit 3 via a compressor 9.
  • the nitrogen stream is introduced into at least one supercharger 10 in series of the compressor.
  • At least a portion of the flow from this at least one booster 10 is connected to at least one turbine 1 1, a turbinel 1 connected to a booster 10 forming what is called herein a turbine / booster system.
  • the stream of nitrogen is introduced into the main heat exchanger 2 in order to be cooled in parallel with the stream 1 of liquefied natural gas in this exchanger 2.
  • Part 12 of the gaseous stream thus cooled is extracted. of the exchanger 2 at an intermediate level 13 to be introduced into the turbine 1 1 connected to the booster 10 from which the gas stream previously introduced into the exchanger 2 is fed.
  • the flow of Nitrogen is again introduced into the heat exchanger 2 at its coldest end (that is, an inlet 14 whose temperature level is the lowest of the temperature levels of the exchanger 2).
  • the stream of nitrogen thus introduced into the exchanger is then reheated to the outlet 15 of the exchanger 2 whose temperature level is the highest, then is sent to the compressor 9 to follow the same path as the current 7.
  • the other portion 16 of the nitrogen stream at the outlet of the booster 10 introduced into the heat exchanger 2, which is not extracted at the intermediate level 13, is liquefied in parallel with the stream 1 of natural gas.
  • a stream 17 of liquid nitrogen is separated into at least two streams 18 and 19.
  • the stream 18 of liquid nitrogen is recycled to the air separation unit 4 by being introduced at the top of the lower column. pressure 5 of the unit 4.
  • the flow of liquid nitrogen 19 is intended for production.
  • a variant of the process according to the invention consists in introducing at least a part 7 'of the stream of nitrogen gas 7 extracted from the air separation unit 4 directly into the main heat exchanger 2 in order to be liquefied in parallel of the stream 1 of natural gas and to be extracted in liquid form at an outlet 21 of the exchanger whose temperature level is the lowest and thus join the flow 19 for production.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)
EP16809967.9A 2015-12-07 2016-11-08 Verfahren zur verflüssigung von erdgas und stickstoff Withdrawn EP3387352A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1561923A FR3044747B1 (fr) 2015-12-07 2015-12-07 Procede de liquefaction de gaz naturel et d'azote
PCT/FR2016/052888 WO2017098099A1 (fr) 2015-12-07 2016-11-08 Procédé de liquéfaction de gaz naturel et d'azote

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CN (1) CN108474613B (de)
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EA (1) EA034091B9 (de)
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CA3007571C (en) 2020-07-21
FR3044747A1 (fr) 2017-06-09
US10890375B2 (en) 2021-01-12
US20180372404A1 (en) 2018-12-27
EA034091B9 (ru) 2020-01-30
EA034091B1 (ru) 2019-12-26
CN108474613A (zh) 2018-08-31
FR3044747B1 (fr) 2019-12-20
CA3007571A1 (en) 2017-06-15
WO2017098099A1 (fr) 2017-06-15
CN108474613B (zh) 2020-10-23
EA201891282A1 (ru) 2018-10-31

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