EP3396352A1 - Procédé et dispositif de détermination extractive de la concentration d'une ou de plusieurs des substances - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de détermination extractive de la concentration d'une ou de plusieurs des substances Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3396352A1
EP3396352A1 EP18169655.0A EP18169655A EP3396352A1 EP 3396352 A1 EP3396352 A1 EP 3396352A1 EP 18169655 A EP18169655 A EP 18169655A EP 3396352 A1 EP3396352 A1 EP 3396352A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
equal
measurement
gas stream
electrodeposition
concentration
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18169655.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3396352B1 (fr
Inventor
Holger Dr. FÖDISCH
Jörg Schulz
Kai TISCHER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dr Fodisch Umweltmesstechnik AG
Original Assignee
Dr Fodisch Umweltmesstechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102017108978.0A external-priority patent/DE102017108978A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102017108977.2A external-priority patent/DE102017108977A1/de
Application filed by Dr Fodisch Umweltmesstechnik AG filed Critical Dr Fodisch Umweltmesstechnik AG
Publication of EP3396352A1 publication Critical patent/EP3396352A1/fr
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Publication of EP3396352B1 publication Critical patent/EP3396352B1/fr
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/34—Purifying; Cleaning
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/017—Combinations of electrostatic separation with other processes, not otherwise provided for
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/47—Collecting-electrodes flat, e.g. plates, discs, gratings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
    • G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
    • G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
    • G01N35/00693—Calibration

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the extractive determination of the concentration of one or more substances according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a device for the extractive determination of the concentration of one or more substances according to the preamble of claim 6.
  • Extractive measuring methods are used in a variety of ways, above all for monitoring and controlling industrial processes, but also in environmental technology for monitoring environmental properties.
  • the present invention relates to the determination of the concentration of one or more substances.
  • substances may be solids, for example particles, but also gases or aerosols, including chemical substances, such as SO 3 or the like act.
  • dust measurements in particular the determination of the fine dust pollution of an ambient air, carried out by means of an extractive measurement.
  • substances whose concentration is to be determined are aerosols and pollen.
  • a gas stream is taken from a main gas stream or, generally speaking, a medium and fed to a specific measuring device.
  • the gas stream may contain gaseous, solid and liquid components, but also mixed forms, such as sticky and moist solids.
  • One or more physical parameters are then measured in the measuring device in order to determine the concentration of at least one substance contained in the gas stream.
  • the extracted gas stream is passed into a scattered light measuring cell.
  • an infrared light source and a receiving photocell are arranged so that the photocell is not illuminated directly.
  • the light action measured by the photocell is therefore caused exclusively by scattered light, which is caused by the particles contained in the gas stream, the dust. Due to a certain correlation between Measurement signal of the photocell and concentration of dust, a statement about the dust concentration can be derived from the measurement signal.
  • the problem with such extractive measuring methods is that the measuring device gradually becomes contaminated by substances such as, for example, particles from the gas flow passage, as a result of which the zero point of the correlation between measuring signal and concentration of the substance shifts.
  • a device which directs clean air into the measuring device, so that without initiation of the gas flow to be measured by supplying clean air into the measuring device, a zero point determination can be carried out before the actual measurement.
  • this method fails if no such clean air is available because, for example, in relation to a main gas flow to be measured, the ambient air also already has a very high dust load and industrially produced clean air is not available for economic or location-related reasons.
  • a turnout technology with additional mechanically movable devices is necessary, which brings an increased, wear-related risk of failure with it.
  • a device which carries out the zero point determination that, although the measuring device is flushed or evacuated, but the influx of particles is prevented. This can be done firstly by closing a flap in the gas flow path in front of the measuring device. However, this in turn mechanically moving parts and possibly the supply of clean air are connected, which means an increased wear-related risk of failure and the availability of clean air.
  • paper or gauze filters are used which clean the gas stream of particles supplied to the measuring device. Also, however, mechanically moving parts are necessary to the filter in the Gas flow path to bring. On the other hand, such filters are only limited receptive to the particles, so they need to be replaced or cleaned. This in turn is associated with increased maintenance, which is not desirable especially in permanently automatically monitoring systems. In addition, a filter solution often results in an undesirable pressure difference.
  • a zero point determination should be made possible without additional mechanically operating parts, external clean air or filter to be replaced.
  • an electrostatic precipitator is a device in which sputtering electrodes are arranged between plate electrodes and a high potential difference is applied between both electrodes. This releases electrical charges that electrically charge the particles in the gas stream. These charged particles are then transported in the electric field to the respective opposite pole electrode and deposited there.
  • the in the textbook " Dust removal of industrial gases with electrostatic precipitators "by Harry J. White from 1969 explained mathematical relationship for the degree of separation ⁇ relative to a tube electrostatic precipitator by W. Deutsch from 1922 shows the formulaic relationship of the gas velocity v, the length of the tube L, the diameter of the tube R and the particle migration velocity w. ⁇ 1 - e - 2 L Rv w
  • an “electrostatic precipitator” is generally understood to mean a device which charges particles electrically and attaches them to an element with a corresponding potential difference.
  • the charging and deposition can be spatially united and / or held by the same elements, but it is also possible to perform a charge in a first room and the addition in a second room.
  • different elements can be used for charging and attachment, for example, by the use of a Bankfilaments instead of a spray electrode.
  • the inventive method for the extractive determination of the concentration of one or more substances wherein a gas stream fed to a measuring device and therein at least one physical parameter is measured in order to determine the concentration of a substance contained in the gas stream, thus characterized by the fact that before or during at least one measurement, the gas stream is treated in front of the measuring device with an electrostatic precipitator.
  • “substance” is understood in general to mean any substance, for example not only solids, such as dusts, but also gases, molecules, aerosols and their mixed forms.
  • a dust concentration is determined, for which purpose preferably a scattered light measurement is used.
  • other measurement methods are possible to determine the dust concentration, such as a triboelectric measurement according to the DE 101 21 620 A1 or a transmission measurement.
  • dust is understood in the most general formulation to mean solid particles and aerosols of various sizes and different origins which can remain suspended in gases, in particular in the air, for a certain period of time.
  • the electrodeposition is operated with a potential difference of less than or equal to 30 kV, preferably less than or equal to 15 kV, in particular less than or equal to 10 kV.
  • electrostatic precipitators are already known in industry, where, for example, flue gases are to be purified, these electrostatic precipitators are operated with potential differences in the range from 20 kV to 80 kV. Such potential differences represent high sources of influence of error for measuring operations. With lower potential differences of less than or equal to 20 kV, the measuring accuracy is substantially improved and the safety-related expenditure is reduced.
  • a conditioning for example in the form of drying and / or dilution of the gas stream is carried out.
  • the measurement accuracy in particular at high substance concentrations, e.g. Particle concentrations significantly improved.
  • a zero-point determination is carried out by performing the electrical cut-off at a specific potential difference for a predetermined time and at the end of the time during simultaneous charging a measurement is performed.
  • the corresponding time and the corresponding potential difference which are necessary to deposit any substances, for example particles from the gas stream in the electrostatic precipitator, are determined experimentally in advance.
  • the potential difference is 10 kV and the time is 3 to 4 min.
  • a linearity check is carried out by using a specific first weaker potential difference for a specific first time and a specific second stronger potential difference for a specific second time and at least at the end of the respective first and second time Measurement is made. It is then easy to check whether the measuring device still measures according to its characteristic curve and, if necessary, to dispense with recalibration. For example, a measurement can be started with the electrostatic precipitator off, then the electrostatic precipitator with 1 kV potential difference operated for 20 s and made after completion of the 20 s a second measurement and then operated the electrostatic precipitator with 2 kV potential difference for 20 s and after completion of this 20 s one third measurement, etc.
  • the times are in each case a few seconds, for example 20 seconds, and the increase in the potential difference takes place in suitable jumps, for example 1 kV.
  • the volume flow of the gas stream is reduced, preferably at least halved, in particular at least quartered.
  • the measuring device is still sufficiently rinsed, but improves the efficiency of the electrodeposition even at low potential differences, since according to the German equation mentioned on page 3 increases with decreasing gas velocity v of the separation efficiency ⁇ .
  • the volume flow includes both the amount and the speed of the substance.
  • the flow rate could be reduced by reducing the amount of material and / or by reducing the velocity of the gas stream.
  • a specific time referred to below as lead time, is fed to the measuring device a gas stream treated with the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the optimum lead time depends on the volume of the measuring device, the volume of the electrostatic precipitator and the volume of the gas inlet.
  • a certain time referred to below as follow-up time
  • follow-up time is supplied to the measuring apparatus a gas stream which has not been treated with the electrostatic precipitator.
  • the actual measurement ie not the measurement for zero point determination, becomes more accurate because the measuring device is again completely filled with the untreated gas stream.
  • the optimum overrun time depends on the volume of the measuring device, the volume of the electrostatic precipitator and the volume of the gas access.
  • Self-contained protection is claimed for the inventive device for the extractive determination of the concentration of one or more substances, with a device for supplying a gas stream to a measuring device for measuring at least one physical parameter, which is characterized in that in the flow direction of the gas stream in front of the measuring device Electrodeposition device is arranged.
  • the device according to the invention is designed to carry out the method according to the invention.
  • the electrodeposition device is designed as a chamber, in which at least one spray electrode, which is preferably designed as a metal needle, and at least one electrically conductive plate, which is preferably formed from a metal, are arranged. Then the electrodeposition is particularly effective.
  • a spray electrode which is preferably designed as a metal needle
  • at least one electrically conductive plate which is preferably formed from a metal
  • the spray electrode has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm, preferably less than or equal to 0.5 mm and in particular less than or equal to 0.25 mm. Then, the electrical charge is very effective even for very small electrodeposition devices and low potential differences.
  • the electrically conductive plate is designed as a tube concentric with the spray electrode.
  • the electrodeposition apparatus can be made particularly compact.
  • the chamber of the electrodeposition apparatus has an inner clear height of less than or equal to 30 cm, preferably less than or equal to 10 cm, in particular less than or equal to 3 cm.
  • the chamber of the electrodeposition apparatus has an inner clear width of less than or equal to 10 cm, preferably less than or equal to 5 cm, in particular less than or equal to 2 cm.
  • the ratio of diameter to the height of the chamber of the electrodeposition device is approximately 1 to 2.
  • the German equation already mentioned above also shows that with increasing length L and with decreasing pipe diameter R the degree of separation increases.
  • the surrounding chamber of the electrodeposition apparatus is formed of a non-conductive material.
  • the electrodeposition device can be designed to be insensitive to interference from the measurement and sufficient protection against health-threatening electric shocks can be ensured.
  • the chamber of the electrodeposition device has a larger cross-section than a supply line for the gas flow to the chamber.
  • Fig. 1 It can be seen that the device 10 according to the invention seen in the flow direction of a gas stream 12, a suction 14 from a main gas stream (for example a chimney or a city ambient air, not shown), an electrostatic separation device 16 with a high voltage supply 18, a measuring device 20, connected via an electric line 17 , a flow-generating suction device 22 and a control and measurement signal evaluation device 24.
  • the control and measuring signal evaluation device 24 is connected via corresponding connections 26, 27, 28 in this case both with the high voltage supply 18, the measuring device 20 and the flow-generating suction device 22, wherein it controls the operation of these three elements 18, 20, 22 and at the same time Measuring signals of the measuring device 20 receives evaluates.
  • the measuring device 20 is one which operates on the principle of optical scattered light measurement based on infrared in a conventional manner.
  • the electrodeposition apparatus 16 has an electrically insulating housing 70.
  • the housing is designed as a cylinder with two offset gas conduits 72, 74, namely a gas feed line 72 and a gas discharge 74.
  • a chamber 76 is formed, which is bounded by a hollow cylindrical metal sleeve 78.
  • This metal sleeve 78 forms the deposition electrode 78, to which a potential can be applied via the electrical connection 80.
  • This is preferably earth potential.
  • a spray electrode 82 is arranged so that the precipitation electrode 78 is arranged concentrically thereto.
  • This spray electrode 82 has a thickness of less than or equal to 1 mm. It is preferably designed as a smooth industrial needle 82 made of stainless steel, because in contrast to wires and the like has a very long life in operation and also requires no separate clamping means.
  • the spray electrode 82 has an electrical connection 84 for applying a potential, in the present case preferably a high DC voltage, for example of less than or equal to 15 kV, the voltage supply preferably being pulsed.
  • the reference voltage at the spray electrode can be both positive and negative.
  • the cross-sectional area of the gas supply line 72 is substantially smaller than the significantly larger cross-sectional area of the chamber 76, for example, a ratio of, for example, 1 to 10, the flow velocity in the chamber 76 is substantially slowed down, so that the electrodeposition by a speed reduction of the Gas flow is very effective.
  • the electrodeposition is carried out by applying, for example, 15 kV negatively pulsed DC voltage at the spray electrode 82, which electrons are released. These electrons are greatly accelerated in the developing very strong electric field between the spray electrode 82 and the deposition electrode 78 and meet, inter alia, the dust particles 60. These dust particles 60 are thereby electrically charged. Due to the strong electric field, the charged dust particles 60 to Separating electrode 78 transported. There they are unloaded and attached due to detention.
  • the device 10 according to the invention can now be used, for example, as follows:
  • a zero point determination should be carried out in order to be able to guarantee the measurement accuracy in the long term.
  • the higher the surrounding dust concentration the more frequently the zero point determination has to be carried out.
  • it is done automatically before every dust concentration measurement or at continuously measuring devices, for example at intervals of 4 hours.
  • the speed of the gas flow 12 is halved by suitable control of the flow-generating suction device 22 via the control and measurement signal evaluation device 24. Due to the reduced flow of the gas stream 12, the flow velocity in the chamber 76 is reduced so much that on the one hand the separation efficiency according to the German equation is very efficient and on the other hand no dust particles 60 adhering to the precipitation electrode 78 are detached and transported into the measuring device 20 ,
  • the electrostatic precipitator 16 is operated for a few minutes, for example 2 minutes, with a negative potential of 15 kV at the spraying electrode 82, for example is applied as a pulsed DC voltage across the high voltage supply device 18.
  • a measuring operation in the measuring device 20 is triggered during the electrodeposition. This measurement forms the zero point of the measuring device 20, with which the measuring signal is corrected during regular measurements with the measuring device 20.
  • the electrostatic precipitator 16 is switched off and the speed of the gas flow 12 is increased again to normal. In addition, ideally some time (lag time) is waited until an equilibrium of the gas flow 12 in the measuring device 20 has re-established. The entire process of zeroing is carried out in a time less than or equal to 5 minutes. Only then is the regular measurement started.
  • the regular velocity of the gas stream 12 (ie, when the electrostatic precipitator is not operating) can be set such that a gas velocity which is so great in the chamber 76 of the electrostatic precipitator 16 that existing adhesion forces between the precipitation electrode 78 and dust particles 60 are overcome.
  • the dust particles 60 thus discharged from the electrostatic separation device 16 do not affect the measurement, since their concentration is very low in comparison to the usual measured dust concentration.
  • a counter-purge could also be effected by reversing the flow, whereby the dust particles would be discharged out of the inlet 12 of the device 10 according to the invention.
  • a linearity determination can be carried out, for example, to carry out a calibration or a recalibration of the measuring device 20.
  • a first measurement is made (but this can also be omitted), then applied after lowering the gas flow velocity, for example, 20 s to the spray electrode a negative pulsed DC voltage of 1 kV, for example, and after this 20 s one carried out second measurement, then applied for example for 20 s, a voltage of, for example, 2 kV and carried out after this 20 s, a third measurement.
  • This potential increase and subsequent measurement can be carried out until no measurement signal changes occur. This is the zero point reached.
  • the electrodeposition could also be used advantageously during a regular measurement in order to filter certain depositable substances or to determine further substances present in a gas stream.
  • the substance concentration could also be purposefully reduced be used, for example, to selectively exploit the measuring range of the measuring device.
  • an extractive determination of the concentration of one or more substances can be carried out very accurately and permanently repeatable while measuring at least one physical parameter.
  • a zero point determination without additional valves, air ducts, clean air connections and / or filter to be replaced also be carried out in continuous operation.
  • linearity tests can also be carried out.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
EP18169655.0A 2017-04-26 2018-04-26 Procédé et dispositif de détermination extractive de la concentration d'une ou de plusieurs des substances Active EP3396352B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017108978.0A DE102017108978A1 (de) 2017-04-26 2017-04-26 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur extraktiven Bestimmung der Konzentration von ein oder mehreren Stoffen
DE102017108977.2A DE102017108977A1 (de) 2017-04-26 2017-04-26 Verfahren und Einrichtung zur extraktiven Bestimmung der Konzentration von ein oder mehreren Stoffen

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EP3396352A1 true EP3396352A1 (fr) 2018-10-31
EP3396352B1 EP3396352B1 (fr) 2021-12-15

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019112354A1 (de) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Dr. Födisch Umweltmesstechnik AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Messung zumindest eines Parameters von Stoffen

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100043527A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2010-02-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Ultra fine particle sensor
US20110197656A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2011-08-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Device for characterizing the evolution over time of a size distribution of electrically-charged airborne particles in an airflow
US20110216317A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Sensor for sensing airborne particles

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100043527A1 (en) * 2005-06-28 2010-02-25 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Ultra fine particle sensor
US20110197656A1 (en) * 2008-10-31 2011-08-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Device for characterizing the evolution over time of a size distribution of electrically-charged airborne particles in an airflow
US20110216317A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-08 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Sensor for sensing airborne particles

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019112354A1 (de) * 2019-05-10 2020-11-12 Dr. Födisch Umweltmesstechnik AG Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Messung zumindest eines Parameters von Stoffen

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