EP3404673A1 - Feuerbeständiges kabel - Google Patents

Feuerbeständiges kabel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3404673A1
EP3404673A1 EP18171604.4A EP18171604A EP3404673A1 EP 3404673 A1 EP3404673 A1 EP 3404673A1 EP 18171604 A EP18171604 A EP 18171604A EP 3404673 A1 EP3404673 A1 EP 3404673A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silicate
composition
weight
oxide
polymeric layer
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Granted
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EP18171604.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3404673B1 (de
Inventor
Franck Gyppaz
Stéphanie HOAREAU
Vincent BLANC
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a cable comprising at least one elongate conductive element surrounded by at least two fire resistant polymeric layers.
  • safety cables are in particular power transmission cables or low frequency transmission cables, such as control or signaling cables.
  • a significant slowdown in the progression of the flames it is as much time gained to evacuate the places and / or to implement appropriate means of extinction.
  • the cable In case of fire, the cable must be able to withstand the fire in order to operate as long as possible and limit its degradation.
  • a safety cable must also not be dangerous for its environment, that is to say, not to release toxic fumes and / or opaque when subjected to extreme thermal conditions.
  • EP-0 942 439 is known a fire-resistant and halogen-free electrical safety cable comprising a set of insulated electrical conductors, said assembly being surrounded by an outer sheath.
  • Each insulated electrical conductor is formed by an electrical conductor surrounded by an insulating layer obtained from a composition comprising a polymeric material and at least one ceramic-forming filler, said insulating layer thus being able to convert at least superficially into the state of ceramics at high temperatures corresponding to fire conditions.
  • the polymeric material of this single insulating layer is selected from a polysiloxane, an ethylene copolymer, and their mixture.
  • this safety cable of the prior art does not have optimum fire resistance properties, and remains relatively expensive when a polysiloxane is chosen as the insulating material.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of prior art techniques by proposing in particular a cable having excellent fire resistance properties while limiting the risk of mechanical degradation of the electrical conductors or conduct that compose it, even at high temperature.
  • the cable has a very good fire resistance, and in particular reduces significantly or even prevent the formation of inflamed droplets during the combustion of the cable.
  • Properties mechanical cable of the invention are also improved which allows it to continue to operate even at high temperatures.
  • the invention as defined in this way also has the advantage of being economical since it makes it possible to significantly limit or even avoid the use of polysiloxane in the insulating layer, while having very good resistance properties. fire.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide advantageously improves the high temperature electrical resistivity properties of the first polymeric layer under the conditions of a fire.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide may be of high purity.
  • High purity is understood to mean an alkaline earth metal oxide having a purity (by calcination) of at least 96.0%, preferably at least 98.0%, and particularly preferably at least 99.0%.
  • the oxide of an alkaline earth metal of high purity advantageously limits the presence of electrically conductive compound (s), especially in the form of impurity (s).
  • the impurities may contain, for example, heavy metals.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide may comprise at most 30 ppm of heavy metals, and preferably less than 10 ppm of heavy metals.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide has a melting temperature of at least 1500 ° C, preferably at least 2000 ° C, and particularly preferably at least 2500 ° C. ° C.
  • the first oxide of the first charge may be magnesium oxide (MgO).
  • the first charge may further comprise a second oxide different from the first oxide.
  • the second oxide may be silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
  • the first charge may comprise from 50 to 90% by weight of the first oxide with respect to the total weight of the first charge.
  • the first charge may comprise from 10 to 30% by weight of the second oxide with respect to the total weight of the first charge.
  • the first polymeric material of the invention comprises one or more polymer (s), the term polymer being understood by any type of polymer well known to those skilled in the art such as homopolymer or copolymer (eg block copolymer, random copolymer, terpolymer, ..etc).
  • polymer being understood by any type of polymer well known to those skilled in the art such as homopolymer or copolymer (eg block copolymer, random copolymer, terpolymer, ..etc).
  • the polymer may be of the thermoplastic or elastomeric type, and may be crosslinked by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the first polymeric material may comprise one or more olefin polymers, and preferably one or more ethylene polymers.
  • An olefin polymer is conventionally a polymer obtained from at least one olefin monomer.
  • the first polymer material may comprise more than 30% by weight of olefin polymer (s), preferably more than 50% by weight of olefin polymer (s), preferably more than 70% by weight of olefin polymer (s), and particularly preferably more than 90% by weight of olefin polymer (s), based on the total weight of the first polymer material in the first composition.
  • the first polymeric material is composed solely of one or more olefin polymer (s).
  • the first polymer material of the invention may comprise one or more olefin polymers, and preferably one or more ethylene polymers, chosen from a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); a very low density polyethylene (VLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); medium density polyethylene (MDPE); high density polyethylene (HDPE); an ethylene-propylene elastomeric copolymer (EPM); an ethylene propylene diene monomer terpolymer (EPDM); a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl ester such as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA); a copolymer of ethylene and acrylate such as a copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) or a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate (EMA); a copolymer of ethylene and alpha-olefin such as an ethylene-octene copolymer (PEO) or a copoly
  • the first polymeric material of the invention may further comprise a graft polymer, in particular grafted with polar functions.
  • This grafted polymer advantageously makes it possible to improve the mechanical properties of the first polymeric layer.
  • the graft polymer may be a maleic anhydride grafted olefin polymer, and in particular a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene polymer.
  • the first polymer material may comprise from 1 to 20% by weight of said graft polymer, and preferably from 1 to 15% by weight of said graft polymer, relative to the total weight of the first polymer material. polymeric material in the first composition.
  • the first polymer material may have a melt flow index (known by the Anglicism "Melt Flow Index”), in gram / 10 minutes according to ISO 1133 at 190 ° C / 2.16 kg, ranging from 1.0 at 5.
  • a melt flow index known by the Anglicism "Melt Flow Index”
  • the melt flow indices of these two polymers are different.
  • the first composition of the invention may comprise at least 30% by weight of said first polymer material, and preferably at least 40% by weight of said first polymer material, relative to the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise from 20 to 60% by weight of the first oxide relative to the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise from 30 to 50% by weight of the first oxide relative to the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise from 5 to 30% by weight of the second oxide relative to the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise from 5 to 20% by weight of the second oxide relative to the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise at least 30% by weight of said first filler, and preferably at least 40% by weight of said first filler, based on the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may comprise at least 30% by weight of said first polymeric material, and preferably at least 40% by weight of said first polymeric material, based on the total weight of the first composition.
  • the first composition may have a Mooney viscosity of at least 40, and preferably at least 50.
  • the first composition may have a Mooney viscosity of at most 100, and preferably at most 90.
  • Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4, 160 ° C) is expressed in Mooney units (Me) and can easily be determined by the NFT 43005 standard.
  • the first composition may typically additionally comprise additives in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the first polymeric material in the first composition.
  • the additives are well known to those skilled in the art and may be chosen for example from protection agents (eg anti-UV, anti-copper), processing agents (eg plasticizers, lubricants), pigments, and antioxidants.
  • the first polymeric layer may surround one or more elongated conductive member (s).
  • the first polymeric layer may be an electrically insulating layer.
  • the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 -9 S / m (siemens per meter) (at 25 ° C), preferably at most 1.10. -8 S / m, and preferably at most 1.10 -13 S / m (at 25 ° C).
  • the thickness of the first polymeric layer may range from 0.05 mm to 2.0 mm, and preferably from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the first polymeric layer may be crosslinked or uncrosslinked.
  • non-crosslinked means a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, and particularly preferably 0%.
  • crosslinked means a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and so particularly preferred at least 90%.
  • the first silicate may be selected from phyllosilicates, compounds comprising magnesium silicate, compounds comprising aluminum silicate, and a mixture thereof.
  • the first silicate may be a phyllosilicate. More particularly, the phyllosilicate may be mica.
  • the second filler may comprise from 20 to 40% by weight of first silicate relative to the total weight of the second filler.
  • the second silicate may be a compound with a high specific surface area, especially at least 10 m 2 / g, and preferably at least 20 m 2 / g.
  • the specific surface area is conventionally determined by the BET method according to DIN ISO 9277.
  • the second silicate may in particular be of lamellar type.
  • the second silicate may be chosen from phyllosilicates, compounds comprising magnesium silicate, compounds comprising aluminum silicate, and a mixture thereof.
  • the second silicate may be a compound comprising magnesium silicate.
  • the compound comprising magnesium silicate may be talc.
  • the second filler may comprise from 20 to 40% by weight of second silicate relative to the total weight of the second filler.
  • the oxide of an alkaline earth metal advantageously makes it possible to improve the mechanical cohesion properties of the second polymeric layer after combustion under the effect of a flame.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide of the second polymeric layer may be of high purity, in order to improve the electrical resistivity of the cable of the invention.
  • High purity is understood to mean an alkaline earth metal oxide having a purity (by calcination) of at least 96.0%, preferably at least 98.0%, and particularly preferably at least 99.0%.
  • the oxide of an alkaline earth metal of high purity advantageously limits the presence of electrically conductive compound (s), especially in the form of impurity (s).
  • the impurities may contain, for example, heavy metals.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide may comprise at most 30 ppm of heavy metals, and preferably less than 10 ppm of heavy metals.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide has a melting temperature of at least 1500 ° C, preferably at least 2000 ° C, and particularly preferably at least 2500 ° C. ° C.
  • the alkaline earth metal oxide may be magnesium oxide (MgO).
  • the third silicate may be selected from phyllosilicates, compounds comprising magnesium silicate, compounds comprising aluminum silicate, and a mixture thereof.
  • the third silicate may be a compound comprising aluminum silicate, in particular of lamellar type.
  • the third silicate may be chosen from montmorillonite, bentonite, kaolinite, hectorite, halloysite, and a mixture thereof.
  • the compound comprising aluminum silicate may be montmorillonite.
  • a third silicate there may be mentioned a nanoclay, functionalized or otherwise. More particularly, it can be surface treated with quaternary ammonium cations.
  • the second filler may comprise from 5 to 30% by weight of third silicate relative to the total weight of the second filler in the second composition.
  • the second polymer material comprises one or more polymer (s), the term polymer being understood by any type of polymer well known to those skilled in the art such as homopolymer or copolymer (eg block copolymer, random copolymer, terpolymer, etc. etc.).
  • polymer being understood by any type of polymer well known to those skilled in the art such as homopolymer or copolymer (eg block copolymer, random copolymer, terpolymer, etc. etc.).
  • the polymer may be of the thermoplastic or elastomeric type, and may be crosslinked by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the second polymeric material may comprise one or more olefin polymers, and preferably one or more ethylene polymers.
  • An olefin polymer is conventionally a polymer obtained from at least one olefin monomer.
  • the second polymeric material may comprise more than 30% by weight of olefin polymer (s), more preferably 50% by weight of olefin polymer (s), preferably more than 70% by weight of olefin polymer (s), and particularly preferably more than 90% by weight of olefin polymer (s) relative to the total weight of the second polymeric material in the second composition.
  • the second polymeric material is composed solely of one or more olefin polymer (s).
  • the second polymeric material of the invention may comprise one or more olefin polymers, and preferably one or more ethylene polymers, chosen from a linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE); a very low density polyethylene (VLDPE); low density polyethylene (LDPE); medium density polyethylene (MDPE); high density polyethylene (HDPE); an ethylene-propylene elastomeric copolymer (EPM); an ethylene propylene diene monomer terpolymer (EPDM); a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl ester such as a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA); a copolymer of ethylene and acrylate such as a copolymer of ethylene and butyl acrylate (EBA) or a copolymer of ethylene and methyl acrylate (EMA); a copolymer of ethylene and alpha-olefin such as an ethylene-octene copolymer (PEO) or a copoly
  • the second polymeric material of the invention may further comprise a graft polymer, in particular grafted with polar functions.
  • This grafted polymer advantageously makes it possible to improve the mechanical cohesion properties of the second layer after combustion under the effect of a flame.
  • the graft polymer may be a maleic anhydride grafted olefin polymer, and in particular a maleic anhydride grafted ethylene polymer.
  • the second polymer material may comprise from 1 to 20% by weight of said graft polymer, and preferably from 5 to 15% by weight of said graft polymer, relative to the total weight of the second polymeric material in the second composition.
  • the second polymeric material may comprise a mixture of at least two different ethylene polymers, and more particularly may comprise a blend of a homopolymer of ethylene and a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA) .
  • EVA vinyl acetate
  • the second polymeric material may comprise from 50 to 80% by weight of EVA and from 20 to 50% by weight of an ethylene homopolymer, based on the total weight of the second polymeric material in the second composition.
  • the second composition may comprise at least 30% by weight of the second polymer material, preferably at least 50% by weight of the second polymer material, and preferably at least 60% by weight of the second polymer material, relative to the total weight of the second composition.
  • the second composition may comprise at least 30% by weight of said second filler relative to the total weight of the second composition.
  • the second composition may comprise at least 30% by weight of said second polymer material relative to the total weight of the second composition.
  • the second composition may have a Mooney viscosity of at least 50, and preferably at least 55.
  • the second composition may have a Mooney viscosity of at most 100, and preferably at most 90.
  • Mooney viscosity (ML1 + 4, 160 ° C) is expressed in Mooney units (Me) and can easily be determined by the NFT 43005 standard.
  • the second composition may typically additionally comprise additives in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the second polymeric material in the second composition.
  • Additives are well known to those skilled in the art and may for example be chosen from protective agents (eg anti-UV, anti-copper), processing agents (eg plasticizers, lubricants), pigments , and antioxidants.
  • the second polymeric layer may preferably surround the first polymeric layer.
  • the second polymeric layer may advantageously be uncrosslinked.
  • non-crosslinked means a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at most 20%, preferably at most 10%, preferably at most 5%, and particularly preferably 0%.
  • the second polymeric layer is an electrically insulating layer.
  • the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 -9 S / m (siemens per meter) (at 25 ° C), preferably at most 1.10. -8 S / m, and preferably at most 1.10 -13 S / m (at 25 ° C).
  • the thickness of the second polymeric layer may range from 0.05 mm to 2.0 mm, and preferably from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the cable according to the invention may further comprise a third polymeric layer.
  • the third polymeric layer may preferably surround the second polymeric layer.
  • the third polymeric layer may be crosslinked.
  • crosslinked means a layer whose gel level according to ASTM D2765-01 (xylene extraction) is at least 50%, preferably at least 80%, and so particularly preferred at least 90%.
  • the third polymeric layer is an electrically insulating layer.
  • the term "electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity can be at most 1.10 -9 S / m (siemens per meter) (at 25 ° C), preferably at most 1.10. -8 S / m, and preferably at most 1.10 -13 S / m (at 25 ° C).
  • the third polymeric layer does not comprise halogenated compounds.
  • the third polymeric layer is a so-called "HFFR" layer for the Anglicism "Halogen-Free Flame Retardant” according to IEC 60754 Parts 1 and 2 (2011).
  • the third polymeric layer may comprise one or more olefin polymer (s) and preferably one or more ethylene polymer (s)
  • the thickness of the third polymeric layer may range from 0.05 mm to 2 mm, and preferably from 0.1 mm to 1.0 mm.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous, but not exclusive, application in the field of energy or telecommunication cables intended to remain operational for a defined time when they are subjected to high heat and / or directly to flames.
  • the term "cable” is understood to mean an electrical and / or optical cable, intended for the transmission of energy and / or the transmission of data.
  • this type of cable comprises one or more elongated conductive element (s) of the electrical and / or optical type.
  • the elongated conductive element When the elongated conductive element is of the electric type, it may be a single conductor such as for example a metal wire, or a multiconductor such as a plurality of metal wires, twisted or not.
  • the elongated electrical conductor may be made from a metallic material chosen in particular from aluminum, an aluminum alloy, copper, a copper alloy, and one of their combinations.
  • the (transversal) section of the electrical conductor can range from 0.5 mm 2 to more than 240 mm 2 .
  • the first polymeric layer may be in direct physical contact with the elongate conductive member.
  • the second polymeric layer may surround the first polymeric layer.
  • the third polymeric layer may surround the first polymeric layer and / or the second polymeric layer.
  • the cable of the invention may further comprise a protective sheath surrounding one or more elongated conductive element (s) isolated by at least the first polymeric layer, the second polymeric layer, and optionally the third polymeric layer, said three layers being in accordance with the invention.
  • the protective sheath surrounds the single elongate conductive element and thus isolated .
  • the protective sheath surrounds all of said elongated conductive elements and thus isolated.
  • the protective sheath of the invention may be a sheath of the tubular type or the stuffing type.
  • tubular sheath means a tube-shaped sheath comprising a substantially identical thickness all along said tube.
  • the tubular sheath may be more or less tight around all the insulated conductors as previously described, in particular to immobilize all of said insulated conductors inside said sheath.
  • the tubular sheath is very simple and quick to perform since it requires a pressure at the exit of the extruder smaller than that required for the manufacture of a stuffing sheath.
  • cladding sheath means a sheath that fills the interstices, when they exist, between the electrical conductors isolated by at least the first polymeric layer and the second polymeric layer, whose volumes are accessible.
  • the thickness of the protective sheath can range from 0.05 mm to 3 mm, and preferably from 0.5 mm to 2.0 mm.
  • the protective sheath may be conventionally based on one or more olefin polymers, optionally with at least one flame retardant filler such as aluminum trihydroxide (ATH), magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), the chalk.
  • ATH aluminum trihydroxide
  • MDH magnesium dihydroxide
  • the protective sheath is a so-called “HFFR” sheath for the " Halogen-Free Flame Retardant " anglicism according to IEC 60754 Parts 1 and 2 (2011).
  • the cable may further comprise a stuffing element positioned along the cable between the protective sheath and the at least one elongate conductive element (s), stuffing element which may further surround the at least one elongated conductive member (s).
  • the stuffing element is well known to those skilled in the art and may for example be based on one or more olefin polymer (s), with optionally at least one flame retardant filler such as, for example, trihydroxide. aluminum (ATH), magnesium dihydroxide (MDH), chalk.
  • the stuffing element is a so-called "HFFR" element for the Anglicism " Halogen-Free Flame Retardant" according to IEC 60754 Parts 1 and 2 (2011).
  • the cable of the invention do not include / preferably include no halogenated compounds according to IEC 60754 Parts 1 and 2 (2011).
  • halogenated compounds may be of any kind, such as, for example, fluorinated polymers or chlorinated polymers such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), halogenated plasticizers, halogenated mineral fillers, etc.
  • the electric cable shown on the figure 1 comprises two electrical conductors 1, each electrical conductor being successively surrounded by a first polymeric layer 2 and a second polymeric layer 3, both in accordance with the invention.
  • a tamper-type protective sheath 5 surrounds all of the two insulated conductors by the two polymeric layers of the invention.
  • a stuffing element 6 is positioned between the protective sheath 5 and the set of electrical conductors insulated by the two polymeric layers of the invention.
  • the stuffing element 6 further surrounds all the electrical conductors insulated by the two polymeric layers of the invention.
  • the electric cable shown on the figure 2 has three electrical conductors 1, successively surrounded by a first layer polymeric 2 and a second polymeric layer 3, both in accordance with the invention.
  • a third polymeric layer 4 surrounds the second polymeric layer of each of the electrical conductors.
  • a tubular type protective sheath 5 surrounds all three electrical conductors isolated by the three polymeric layers.
  • Blank spaces 7 are formed between the protective sheath 5 and all the electrical conductors isolated by the three polymeric layers it surrounds.
  • the set of layers, stuffing elements and sheaths represented on the Figures 1 and 2 are elements obtained by extrusion.
  • the protective sheath 5 is a conventional sheath made from a flame retardant composition based on polyolefin.
  • the stuffing element 6 is a conventional stuffing element also made from a flame retardant polyolefin composition.
  • Table 3 below shows a cable comprising a first polymeric layer obtained from the first composition of Table 1, and a second polymeric layer obtained from the second composition of Table 2.
  • the first composition of Table 1 is extruded, using a conventional single-screw extruder, around each electrical conductor, thus forming the first insulating polymeric layer.
  • the temperature profile ranges from 90 to 200 ° C, and the extruder has eight heating zones.
  • the second composition of Table 2 is conventionally extruded around the first polymeric layer, thus forming the second insulating polymeric layer.
  • a third layer as defined in the invention when it exists, is extruded around the two previous layers.
  • the bilayer or trilayer insulation can be extruded in several successive steps, but it can also be extruded by coextrusion (one and the same extrusion head).
  • the standard NF C 32-070 CR1 (2001) indicates in particular a fire resistance threshold of 65 minutes (min) to validate the performance.
  • the DIN4120-12 standard specifies a fire resistance threshold of 30, 60 and 90 minutes (min) to validate the performance E30, E60 and E90, respectively.
  • the standard NBN 713020 Addendum 3 indicates in particular a fire resistance threshold of 60, 90 and 120 minutes (min) to validate respectively the performance rf60, rf90 and rf120.

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  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
EP18171604.4A 2017-05-16 2018-05-09 Feuerbeständiges kable Active EP3404673B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1754318A FR3066637B1 (fr) 2017-05-16 2017-05-16 Cable resistant au feu

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3404673A1 true EP3404673A1 (de) 2018-11-21
EP3404673B1 EP3404673B1 (de) 2020-03-11

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FR (1) FR3066637B1 (de)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0942439A1 (de) 1998-03-12 1999-09-15 Alcatel Feuerbeständiges halogenfreies Sicherheitskabel
US20060068201A1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2006-03-30 Graeme Alexander Fire resistant polymeric compositions
WO2007121520A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-01 Olex Australia Pty Limited Fire resistant compositions
US20150147571A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-28 Nexans Fire resistant compositions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0942439A1 (de) 1998-03-12 1999-09-15 Alcatel Feuerbeständiges halogenfreies Sicherheitskabel
US20060068201A1 (en) * 2002-10-17 2006-03-30 Graeme Alexander Fire resistant polymeric compositions
WO2007121520A1 (en) * 2006-04-21 2007-11-01 Olex Australia Pty Limited Fire resistant compositions
US20150147571A1 (en) * 2013-11-28 2015-05-28 Nexans Fire resistant compositions

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EP3404673B1 (de) 2020-03-11
FR3066637B1 (fr) 2019-07-19
FR3066637A1 (fr) 2018-11-23

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