EP3443650A1 - Dispositif de conversion de puissance electrique continu-alternatif pour moteur a vitesse variable et moteur a haute vitesse - Google Patents
Dispositif de conversion de puissance electrique continu-alternatif pour moteur a vitesse variable et moteur a haute vitesseInfo
- Publication number
- EP3443650A1 EP3443650A1 EP17722094.4A EP17722094A EP3443650A1 EP 3443650 A1 EP3443650 A1 EP 3443650A1 EP 17722094 A EP17722094 A EP 17722094A EP 3443650 A1 EP3443650 A1 EP 3443650A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrical
- motor
- voltage
- inverter
- conversion device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D25/00—Pumping installations or systems
- F04D25/02—Units comprising pumps and their driving means
- F04D25/06—Units comprising pumps and their driving means the pump being electrically driven
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
- H02M1/126—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output using passive filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
- H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for converting continuous AC power (DC / AC) optimized for variable speed or very high speed motors for use in aeronautical compressor type applications but also for aeronautical ventilation type applications.
- a sinusoidally controlled pulse width modulated inverter (DC / AC converter) is used to control the current in a variable speed motor.
- This control requires a switching frequency much higher than the electric frequency of the motor, such as for example a switching frequency corresponding to 10 to 25 times the electric frequency of the motor.
- the electrical frequency is the product of the mechanical frequency of the motor by the number of pairs of poles of the motor.
- An alternative to sinusoidal control is to control the inverter with a command called "120 °", which allows to divide by six the number of switches on each switch while keeping the same switching frequency. This is because a single switch during cutting / 6th of the electric period.
- This control improves the switching losses in the power components but degrades the quality of the current supplied to the motor, in particular by the presence of strong harmonics, and generates other constraints such as:
- Such power conversion circuits allow operation in full wave of the inverter which has the advantage of reducing your losses in the conversion circuit, and in particular in the inverter.
- the circuit makes it possible to dissociate the voltage-lowering function of the stator frequency generating function proportional to the mechanical frequency of the motor.
- the role of the DC / DC converter is to impose a mean voltage at the output of the conversion device, and thus, when the device is connected to a motor, to impose an average voltage across the motor to set its speed. Adjusting the output voltage of the DC / DC switch-mode converter thus makes it possible to control the speed of the motor
- the inverter, DC / AQ converter makes it possible to ensure the routing of the currents in the phases of the motor to the electrical frequency of the motor. It does not change the average amplitude of the motor voltage.
- the device when the conversion device is connected to an electric motor, the device makes it possible to have a switching frequency of the DC / DC converter independent of the electric frequency of the motor to which the conversion device is coupled.
- the inverter works with an input voltage controlled by the DC / DC converter and no longer directly suffers voltage variations in the electrical network. This makes it possible to optimize the power component nonconverter, the percents in power semiconductors.
- the invention aims to provide an electric power conversion device DC / AC converter which His switching frequency is decoupled from ia electrical frequency of the motor to which the device is intended to be electrically connected and for removing a significant portion of harmonics disturbing the operation of an electrical machine coupled to the output of the device.
- a DC-AC power conversion device comprising input terminals intended to be electrically connected to a DC power supply network, output terminals intended to be electrically connected to an electric motor, a converter switching power supply coupled to the input terminals and an electric inverter cut between the decoupling electrical converter and the output terminals.
- the power conversion device further comprises a control unit of the inverter configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with switching times of the controlled switches of 3 ⁇ 4ndu! pre-slag fixed electric irrespective of the frequency of rotation of the motor and the voltage of the electrical network to be connected to said device.
- the power conversion device thus offers a compromise between an impulse modulation modulation command, or "Pulse Amplitude Modulation" in English, which reduces the number of switches but increases the intensity of the current harmonics, and a command sinusoidal type which reduces the intensity of current harmonics but has a very large number of commutations.
- the inverter works with an input voltage controlled by the DC / DC converter and no longer directly suffers voltage variations of the electrical network, it is possible to control it in pulse width modulation. -calculated and fixed to eliminate certain harmonics of current in the phases of the engine.
- the operation of the inverter (DC / AC) in pre-calculated pulse width modulation Induces a control of the switching times from pre-calculated fixed times so as to eliminate certain harmonics in the current supplied to the motor. For example, by adding 2 additional switches per switch and over an electrical period at a pre-calculated time, it is possible to remove the harmonics 3, 5 and 7 which would appear with a conventional "120 °" type control.
- This principle greatly simplifies the design of the voltage converter in the case of high speed synchronous machines, that is, whose speeds are higher than 30000 rpm or electrical frequency greater than 1 kHz.
- This precontrolled control technique imposes fixed control angles regardless of the rotation frequency of the motor and the voltage of the electrical network intended to be connected to said device,
- the choice of the harmonic to be rejected makes it possible to optimize the gain of the input filtering of the power conversion device, to gain in terms of motor efficiency, to reduce the generated torque ripple, and to eliminate critical frequencies. on the mechanical parts of the motor coupled to the output of the power conversion device such as the rotor and the bearings.
- the implementation of the so-called pre-calculated command is easier to implement than a sinus type control on a single inverter because the necessary hardware resources are less.
- the necessary hardware resources must usually ensure the Park and Concordia or Clark transforms, as well as the need to have two current sensors, and a continuous information of the rotor position.
- a single current sensor is necessary for a simple calculation unit to calculate the switching moments and a discretionary information. (ex every 60 ° electric).
- the power conversion device Compared to a sinusoidal control, the power conversion device according to the invention has the following advantages:
- the speed of rotation of the motor is less restrictive for the electronic power section, which makes it possible to connect motors having a greater number of pairs of electrical poles;
- the electric motor is subjected to a less chopped voltage, which reduces the iron losses in the motor and the common-mode current drained by the capacitances of the stator as well as the risk of partial discharge;
- the power conversion device has the following advantages:
- the power conversion device also has the following advantages both with respect to a "120 °" type control and with respect to a sinusoidal control;
- the power switches of the electrical converter and the inverter can be optimized separately, which makes it possible to have a better compromise between speed, loss, voltage withstand and robustness;
- the switching electric converter comprises a topology of the type of voltage-reducing (or "buck" in English).
- the switching power converter has a voltage boost type topology (or "boost" in English).
- the switching power converter comprises a topology of step-down type (or "buck-boost" in English).
- the topology of the converter is chosen in accordance with the level of the supply network to which the device is intended to be connected and according to the speed necessary for the operation of the electric motor to which the device is intended to be connected.
- a motorization system comprising a continuous power supply network, an electric motor, and a DC-AC electrical power conversion device electrically connected between the power supply network and the electric motor.
- the electric motor may be a fuel cell compressor.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a motorization system comprising a power conversion device according to one embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary voltage waveform provided by the conversion device of FIG. 1 to the motor to which it is coupled;
- FIGS. 3 and 4 respectively represent a simnla voltage signal of the inverter as part of a conventional 180 ° control, and an example of a simple voltage signal of the inverter as part of a control at 180 * according to the invention;
- FIGS. 5 and 6 respectively represent the spectral content of the simple voltage of FIG. 3, and the spectral content of the modified probe of FIG.
- FIG. 1 diagrammatically shows a motorization system comprising a power conversion device according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the motorization system 3 comprises a continuous power supply network 2, such as an on-board power supply network on board an aircraft for example, a rotary electrical machine 3 corresponding here by a high-speed three-phase electric motor, and an electrical device 4 for DC-AC power conversion.
- the conversion device 4 comprises two input terminals 5a and 5b electrically connected to the two connection terminals 2a and 2b of the DC supply network 2, and three output terminals 6 electrically coupled to the three coupling terminals of the electric motor 3.
- the device 4 further comprises a filter stage 7, a switching voltage step-down stage 8, and an inverter stage 9.
- the voltage step-down stage 8 is input-coupled to the input terminals 5 of the conversion device 4 via the filtering stage 7 is thus coupled between the input terminals 5a and 5b and the voltage step-down stage 8.
- the inverter stage 9 is, on the one hand, coupled to the output terminals. the output device 6 of the conversion device and on the other hand, input at the output of the voltage step-down stage 8.
- the voltage step-down stage 8 is therefore cut electrically between the filter stage 7 at its input and the Inverter stage 9 at its output.
- the filtering stage 7 comprises an assembly called "LC" comprising a filtering coil 10 and a filtering capacitor 11.
- La filtering capacitor 11 is coupled between the first output terminal 73 of the output stage 7 and the second input and output terminals 72 and 74 of the output stage 7 which are coupled together to the second connection terminal 2b of the continuous supply network 2 via an input terminal 5b of the conversion device 4 and to a second input terminal 82 of the voltage step-down stage 8.
- the buck stage 8 comprises a controlled switch 12 which may be MOSFET technology, IGBT or bipolar, a transistor 13 which may be a diode as shown in the example illustrated in Figure l f an inductor 14 and a bus 15 having a capacity C.
- the us 15 is coupled between a first and a second output terminal 83 and 84 of the voltage resistor stage 8, the second output terminal 84 being coupled to its ground, i.e. at the second terminal of connection 2b of the DC power supply network 2, and thus at the second input terminal 82.
- the controlled switch 12 and the inductor 14 are coupled in series between the first input terminal 81 and the first output terminal 83 of the voltage step-down stage 8, the controlled switch being directly connected to the first terminal input 81 and the inductor being directly connected to the first output terminal 83.
- a first terminal of the diode 13 is connected to the connection node 85 coupling the controlled switch 12 to the inductor 14, and a second terminal of the diode 13 is connected to the second input 82 and the second output 84 of the voltage-reducing stage ".
- the inverter stage 9 comprises three branches 15 each connected between a first input terminal 91 of the inverter stage 9 connected to the first output terminal 83 of the voltage resistor stage 8 and a second input terminal 92 coupled at the second output terminal 84 of the voltage step-down stage 8 and therefore to ground.
- Each branch 15 includes two controlled switches 16 coupled in series and an output terminal f 9a 9b or 9c of the inverter stage 9 connected to an output terminal 6 of the conversion device 4.
- the output terminal a, 9b or 9c the inverter stage S of each branch 15 corresponds to the connection node of the two controlled switches 16 of the branch.
- the conversion device 4 further comprises a control unit 17 coupled to the inverter stage 9 to control you.
- the control unit 17 comprises a memory and is configured to operate in pre-calculated pulse width modulation with pre-calibrated fixed switching times and stored in the memory regardless of the rotation frequency of the motor 3 and the mains voltage 2 connected to the conversion device 4 "
- the conversion device 4 thus makes it possible to output a voltage signal Vdcjink whose amplitude has been lowered relative to the amplitude of the voltage vdc delivered by the power supply network 2 thanks to the voltage step-down stage 8, and the shape of which is modulated in dimmingion width by the inverter stage 9.
- the reference t represents the time on the graph.
- Figures 3 and 4 are respectively shown a simple voltage signal of the inverter part of a control vector at 180 °, and a free of a simple voltage signal of the inverter I in connection with a 180 ° control according to HnventtoR, that is to say with the addition of commutations.
- switches are added in order to eliminate certain troublesome harmonics, such as harmonics 5, 7, 11, 13, etc.
- the instant of these additional commutations, ai and a2 that is to say the angle at which these additional commutations occur, will make it possible to eliminate certain components of the spectrum of the voltage.
- the number of switches added depends on the number of harmonics to minimize or delete. In the case illustrated in Figure 4. we try to remove the harmonics 5 and 7, 1! then at least two additional switching angles, ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 with ⁇ 1 ⁇ 32, are required to achieve this deletion. If in the course of the calculations, two switching angles are not enough "we must add more, for example four, and see if that is enough. The goal is to minimize the number of commutations.
- the harmonics 5 and 6 are removed from the spectrum of the single machine voltage, however the higher order harmonics are increased.
- the invention thus makes it possible to provide a device for converting DC / AC electrical power whose switching frequency of the converter is decoupled from the electrical frequency of the motor to which the device is electrically connected and making it possible to eliminate a large part of the disturbing harmonics on the operation of an electrical machine cut at the output of the device.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1653217A FR3050083B1 (fr) | 2016-04-12 | 2016-04-12 | Dispositif de conversion de puissance electrique continu-alternatif pour moteur a vitesse variable et moteur a haute vitesse |
| PCT/FR2017/050871 WO2017178752A1 (fr) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-04-11 | Dispositif de conversion de puissance electrique continu-alternatif pour moteur a vitesse variable et moteur a haute vitesse |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3443650A1 true EP3443650A1 (fr) | 2019-02-20 |
Family
ID=57348751
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17722094.4A Withdrawn EP3443650A1 (fr) | 2016-04-12 | 2017-04-11 | Dispositif de conversion de puissance electrique continu-alternatif pour moteur a vitesse variable et moteur a haute vitesse |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10658948B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3443650A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN109075695B (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3050083B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017178752A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3086474B1 (fr) | 2018-09-26 | 2020-12-04 | Safran Electrical & Power | Procede de demarrage d'un moteur electrique synchrone a aimants permanents |
| IT201900015860A1 (it) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | Torino Politecnico | Velivolo aeronautico dotato di almeno un motore Brushless DC |
| IT201900015857A1 (it) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-09 | Torino Politecnico | Dispositivo e metodo di alimentazione e controllo di un motore Brushless DC |
| FR3114200A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-11 | 2022-03-18 | Universite De Lorraine | Dispositif de pilotage comprenant un correcteur harmonique |
| JP7528797B2 (ja) | 2021-01-21 | 2024-08-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 駆動装置 |
| FR3142631B1 (fr) * | 2022-11-29 | 2024-11-15 | Ifp Energies Now | Procédé de commande d’une machine électrique pilotée par un onduleur commandé par un calculateur |
| FR3151447B1 (fr) | 2023-07-17 | 2025-07-11 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Alternateur avec circuit doubleur de tension |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2003903787A0 (en) * | 2003-07-22 | 2003-08-07 | Sergio Adolfo Maiocchi | A system for operating a dc motor |
| US7599196B2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2009-10-06 | Ideal Power Converters, Inc. | Universal power converter |
| JP2008048513A (ja) * | 2006-08-11 | 2008-02-28 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体電力変換制御装置 |
| US20100157632A1 (en) * | 2008-12-20 | 2010-06-24 | Azuray Technologies, Inc. | Energy Conversion Systems With Power Control |
| JP6202985B2 (ja) * | 2013-10-25 | 2017-09-27 | 株式会社東芝 | 電気機関車の電力変換装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-04-12 FR FR1653217A patent/FR3050083B1/fr active Active
-
2017
- 2017-04-11 EP EP17722094.4A patent/EP3443650A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-04-11 US US16/093,080 patent/US10658948B2/en active Active
- 2017-04-11 CN CN201780023363.9A patent/CN109075695B/zh active Active
- 2017-04-11 WO PCT/FR2017/050871 patent/WO2017178752A1/fr not_active Ceased
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| BIN WU ET AL: "PWM-CSI INVERTER FOR INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVES", CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING. (IAS). SAN DIEGO, OCT. 1 - 5, 1989; [CONFERENCE RECORD OF THE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING. (IAS)], NEW YORK, IEEE, US, vol. PART 01, 1 October 1989 (1989-10-01), pages 508 - 513, XP000091610 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3050083A1 (fr) | 2017-10-13 |
| US20190165694A1 (en) | 2019-05-30 |
| CN109075695A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| US10658948B2 (en) | 2020-05-19 |
| FR3050083B1 (fr) | 2020-02-21 |
| WO2017178752A1 (fr) | 2017-10-19 |
| CN109075695B (zh) | 2021-02-23 |
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