EP3445885A1 - Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant - Google Patents
Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportantInfo
- Publication number
- EP3445885A1 EP3445885A1 EP17717456.2A EP17717456A EP3445885A1 EP 3445885 A1 EP3445885 A1 EP 3445885A1 EP 17717456 A EP17717456 A EP 17717456A EP 3445885 A1 EP3445885 A1 EP 3445885A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- traces
- thermal
- steel
- content
- thermal bridge
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/08—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires for concrete reinforcement
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/20—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/003—Balconies; Decks
- E04B1/0038—Anchoring devices specially adapted therefor with means for preventing cold bridging
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B2001/7679—Means preventing cold bridging at the junction of an exterior wall with an interior wall or a floor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
- E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
- E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
- E04B2005/324—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with peripheral anchors or supports
Definitions
- the present invention relates to metal products for the building, and more specifically the use of certain stainless steels as reinforcing elements and connecting pieces between elements forming a building.
- thermal bridge breakers allow to divide by three, or even more, the heat loss flux between the elements they connect.
- a typical case of using such breakers is the connection between a floor and a wall that is normally covered by a layer of insulation.
- this layer is interrupted, and the heat can pass through this junction without being disturbed other than by the wall / floor interface from one element to another, resulting in a significant loss of energy. heat inside the heated building, or conversely a heat input from outside in a building initially at moderate indoor temperature.
- thermal bridge breakers which introduce an insulating layer in an area which is normally free of them, and which comprise a metal reinforcement passing through this layer of insulation to take up the mechanical forces at the connection. in question.
- thermal bridge breakers must have the following properties:
- stainless steels would be good candidates for fulfilling the requirements of corrosion resistance.
- Conventionally, stainless steels have a thermal conductivity ⁇ of the order of 15 W / (mK), which is very advantageous compared to coated carbon steels, whose thermal conductivity is of the order of 45 W / (mK ).
- the American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) for example, refers to conventional 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steels in its "Thermal Bridging Solution” document (March 2012).
- duplex stainless steels with low levels of alloying element such as Ni and Mo are a priori more economical solutions and less subject to variations in the cost of raw materials as austenitic stainless steels, and these grades are increasingly used.
- the most commonly used conventional stainless steel grades are austenitic grades 1 .4301 (AISI 304), 1 .4597 (UGI ® 204Cu) and duplex grades 1 .4362 and 1 .4062.
- the object of the invention is to propose thermal bridge breakers whose constituent material of the metal frame best meets the various requirements that have been cited.
- the frame material should have:
- the subject of the invention is a thermal bridge breaker armature for the construction of buildings, characterized in that it is made of austenitic or austenitic-ferritic stainless steel whose composition, in% by weight, consists of :
- thermal conductivity index IC calculated according to:
- the Cr content of the steel may be between 16.0% and 20.0%.
- the Cr content of steel can be between 20.0% and 23.0%
- the Ni content of the steel may be between 1.0% and 7.0%, preferably between 2.0% and 5.0%.
- alloying elements may be at least one of Al, Ti, Nb, V, Ca and B, Al, Ti, Nb and V may each be present at a level of at most 0.5% and Ca and B may each be present at most 0.05%.
- the elastic limit Rp0,2 may be greater than or equal to 600 MPa with a total elongation under maximum load Agt greater than or equal to 5%.
- the thermal bridge breaker frame can be obtained from a bar, a wire or a sheet
- the invention also relates to a thermal bridge breaker for the construction of buildings, comprising a frame and an insulating layer traversed by said frame, characterized in that said frame is made as previously said.
- the invention is based on the use, for manufacturing a metal thermal bridge breaker between two elements of a building (wall and floor, for example), a stainless steel grade of austenitic or austenitic-ferritic structure whose chemical composition is not strictly new, in that steels that could sometimes be in conformity with it had already been used in the past (see US-A-4,814,140 and US Pat. WO94 / 04714 for example), but whose character adapted for this purpose, in the precise range of compositions of the invention, had never been recognized.
- Figure 1 which shows schematically in longitudinal section a connecting zone between a facade and a floor of a building, in which, conventionally, it has not placed a device for breaking the thermal bridge
- Figure 2 which shows schematically in longitudinal section a connecting zone between a facade and a floor of a building, in which there is placed a device for breaking the thermal bridge that can be achieved according to the invention
- FIG. 3 which shows the correlation between the calculated IF index reflecting the ferrite fraction present at 1100 ° C. of the invention and the fraction of ferrite actually measured by sigmametry;
- FIG. 4 which shows the correlation between the calculated IC index reflecting the thermal conductivity of the steel and the thermal conductivity ⁇ actually measured at ambient temperature by the so-called "hot disk” method which uses the source technique transient plane;
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show, on laboratory flows, the hot ductility at 1200.degree. C. (FIG. 5) and 1100.degree. C. (FIG. 6) of the steels tested, expressed by their necking in%, as a function of their ferritic index IF.
- FIG. 1 represents a connection zone between a frontage 1 and a floor 2 of a building of conventional design, which has not been sought to optimize the performance in terms of thermal insulation between the outside environment 3 and the interior. 4.
- the interior side of the facade 1 is, of course, provided with an insulating coating 5. But it is interrupted at the junction between the facade 1 and the floor 2, so that these two elements are in direct contact and that heat can pass from the inside to the outside of the building (or vice versa) through this contact area (as illustrated by the arrows in Figure 1).
- Conventional building materials impose a linear coefficient of loss ⁇ at this junction which is of the order of 1 W / (m.K).
- FIG. 2 diagrammatically represents the same building equipped with a thermal bridge breaker at the junction frontage 1 -plancher 2.
- This breaker comprises, in a known manner, an insulating layer 6 between the frontage and the floor that replaces the direct contact usual between these two parts, and a metal frame 7 which connects the facade 1 and the floor 2 through the insulating layer 6.
- the coefficient ⁇ is lowered, and the recovery of forces by the frame 7 ensures the functions mechanical insulator 6 alone could not fill.
- this reinforcement 7 that the invention aims to improve over known devices, conferring on it particularly advantageous mechanical and, especially, thermal properties, without it being necessary to modify the configuration of the reinforcement. This optimization is achieved by choosing a nuance of particular stainless steel, of which there was no indication at first sight that it could have been suitable for that purpose.
- the content of C is between traces and 0.08%, better between 0.01% and 0.04%. A higher content would increase the risks of sensitization of the alloy to intergranular corrosion. A C content of less than 0.01 is difficult and expensive to obtain industrially.
- the Si content is between 1.5 and 4.0%, preferably between 2.0 and 3.0%.
- Si is of particular interest.
- the tests which will be presented below show that a Si content in the prescribed range, and more particularly between 2.0 and 3.0%, makes it possible to lower the thermal conductivity of the steel of the invention up to 12 to 13.5 W / (mK) approximately, whereas the steels usually used to carry out the reinforcement of the thermal bridge junctions have thermal conductivities greater than 14 W / (mK), often of the order of 15 W / ( mK) or more. Beyond 3.0% Si, however, we begin to observe a decrease in the toughness of steel, which becomes inadequate beyond 4.0% Si.
- Mn content is between 4.0 and 10.0%. A large proportion of this cheap element is added which stabilizes the austenite and can advantageously, from a financial point of view, partially or completely substitute Ni for this function.
- Mn increases the solubility of N in the liquid steel, and as it will be seen that relatively large amounts of N are required in the invention, the development of the steel is facilitated by the significant presence of Mn.
- Ni content is between traces and 7.0%, preferably between traces and 5.0%.
- Ni is the gammagenic element typically used in the manufacture of austenitic stainless steels, and its content makes it possible to adjust the equilibrium of the austenitic and ferritic phases in order to obtain the desired mechanical properties.
- Ni is a costly element anyway, and whose price is likely to fluctuate in large proportions. In order to obtain a steel with a limited and relatively predictable cost price, which is one of the objectives of the invention, it is therefore necessary not to exceed above values for the Ni content.
- Ni can even be present only in the form of traces, that is to say at a low or very low content which results only from the melting of the raw materials and not of a voluntary addition. Its usual gamma-generating role is then assumed entirely by manganese, carbon, nitrogen and possibly copper.
- Ni is an element that strongly tends to reduce the thermal conductivity of steel. From this point of view, a significant advantage can be found in adding a significant amount and therefore not replacing it entirely with Mn. However, it is difficult to set an optimum amount of Ni in the grade used according to the invention, as this optimum will depend in particular on financial factors, likely to vary greatly depending on the course of Ni. A balance will be found by the skilled person at the time of manufacture of steel, between purely technical considerations and financial considerations. It is generally considered that from a metallurgical and thermal point of view the Ni content is preferably at least 1.0%, more preferably at least 2.0%. Accordingly, the particularly preferred ranges of the Ni content are from 1.0 to 7%, more preferably from 2.0 to 5.0%.
- the Cr content is between 16.0 and 23.0%. As is well known, it gives steel its stainless character from 1 1%. The Cr also has the advantage of lowering the thermal conductivity of the steel a little, and a minimum content of 16.0% is required according to the invention to combine these two effects well.
- a content less than or equal to 20.0% makes it possible to maintain the desired phase balance without adding too much Ni, Mn and other gamma elements.
- a content of 20.0% to 23.0% substantially increases the corrosion resistance and can be imposed, possibly by offsetting the effect of increasing the Cr content on the mechanical properties by adjusting the corrosion properties. Mn, Ni and N contents that routine experiments can achieve.
- a Cr content greater than 23.0% unnecessarily increases the cost of steel and may degrade certain mechanical properties.
- the Mo content is between traces resulting from the elaboration and 2.0%.
- This element is not essential, but it helps to improve the resistance to corrosion. Its possible disadvantages are its alphagene character which may oppose obtaining the desired austenite-ferrite equilibrium, especially on the austenitic ferritic grades, and the fact that it favors the appearance of embrittling intermetallic phases. In addition, its cost is high, which goes against one of the aims of the invention.
- Mo can be partially or totally substituted by W. A substitution ratio of W / Mo of 2 is generally acceptable. Therefore, it is also considered that on the one hand, the W content should not exceed 1.0%, and on the other hand that the sum Mo + W / 2 should not exceed 2.0%.
- a Mo content of 2.0% would correspond to a case where W would not be added voluntarily and where the possible presence of traces of W would only result from the melting of the raw materials.
- a W content of 1.0% would correspond to a case where Mo would not be added voluntarily and where the possible presence of traces of Mo would result only from the melting of the raw materials.
- the Cu content is between traces resulting from the mere melting of the raw materials and 3.0%.
- An addition of Cu in the proportions mentioned has the advantages of slightly reducing the thermal conductivity and improving the ductility. But it should not exceed an addition of 3.0%, because beyond, the weakening effect of Cu would cause problems during hot shaping, and further increase unnecessarily the cost of steel.
- the content of Co is between traces resulting from the sole merger of very pure raw materials and 2.0%. Depending on the purity of the raw materials, especially ferronickel, the residual Co content can reach 0.8%. It is preferred not to add Co voluntarily, as this expensive element has no marked metallurgical effect in stainless steels below 2%, so for grades that would significantly increase the cost of steel. 0.8% is therefore the maximum preferred content in Co.
- the N content is between 0.10% (1000 ppm) and 0.30% (3000 ppm).
- This element is important to ensure the necessary corrosion resistance in the application targeted by the invention, and if its content which would result simply from the absorption of atmospheric nitrogen during the preparation is not high enough, it This must be added, for example by blowing nitrogen gas into the liquid metal or by using significantly nitrided ferroalloys (especially nitrided ferromanganese which contains several% N).
- N stabilizes the austenitic phase and adjusts the balance of the various phases present. It also has an interesting hardening effect for achieving the desired high mechanical properties. But beyond 0.30%, it can cause problems during the development, casting and hot rolling (formation of nitrides in the presence of alloying elements such as Al and especially Ti, and blowholes during solidification).
- additional alloying elements may be present following a voluntary addition, among which may be mentioned, in a non-exhaustive manner: Ti, Nb and V for improve the weldability, Al and Ca as deoxidants and / or control elements of the number and composition of non-metallic inclusions, as well as B which improves forgeability.
- the individual contents of these additional alloying elements must not exceed 0.5%, especially for Al, Ti, Nb and V, and more particularly must not exceed 0.05% for Ca and B.
- the sum of alloy content other than C, Si, Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo, W, Cu, Co, N and impurity levels resulting from the preparation eg S, P ...) does not exceed 1, 0%. These limits are intended not to risk disturbing the equilibrium that the contents of the main alloying elements, obligatorily or optionally present within well-defined limits, make it possible to reach.
- One of the objects of the invention is to obtain a thermal bridge breaker element having a low thermal conductivity. This depends on the chemical analysis of the steel, and the crystallographic structure of the matrix.
- the crystallographic structure of steel is also an important factor in the ability of steel to be hot-formed, forging or otherwise.
- this hot-forming ability is a criterion that is often to be considered for the steels used in the invention.
- the steel has an austenitic or austenitic ferritic microstructure.
- the IF ferritic index makes it possible to estimate the percentage of ferrite at 1100 ° C in steel, therefore in the temperature zone most frequently encountered during hot forming, from the composition of the steel. . It is obtained by the formula, where the contents of the different elements are expressed in%:
- IF is, according to the invention, preferably ⁇ 20 if it is desired to obtain good hot formability.
- IF is, according to the invention, preferably ⁇ 40 if it is desired to obtain good hot formability.
- a shade austenitic-ferritic which is characterized by an IF of 40 to 70 at most. Beyond this limit, the steel would fall within the field of ferritic steels, which is not desired from the point of view of mechanical characteristics.
- FIG. 3 shows the correlation between the ferrite fraction at 1100 ° C. measured by a magnetic method (known as sigmametry and as described in standard IEC 60404-14) and the ferritic index IF calculated by the preceding formula, for eight laboratory samples A to H and the industrial sample I in Table 3. It can be seen that this correlation is very satisfactory.
- microstructures of the steels used in the invention are relatively little dependent on the conditions of heat treatment and cooling of the metal during its transformations. This leaves many liberties to the metallurgists to design the precise mode of manufacture of the armatures of the invention.
- thermal conductivity ⁇ of steel depends on the chemical composition and the crystallographic structure of the matrix.
- the inventors have been able to determine a formula giving a conductivity index
- IC 22.2 + 2.1 (1 - IF / 100) - 0.89 Si - 0.77 Ni - 0.44 Mn - 0.17 Cr - 0.16 Cu
- Figure 4 shows the good correlation obtained between IC calculated by the formula above and the thermal conductivity ⁇ actually measured at 20 ° C by the so-called "hot disk” method which uses the transient plane source technique, on the thirteen samples of Tables 1 and 2.
- This figure and the tables on which it is based, also show that the thermal conductivity decreases as the amount of alloying elements increases, and that Si in the first place and Ni second are the most influential elements from this point of view . This is reflected in the above formula for calculating IC.
- the IC index of the steel used must be ⁇ 13.5, preferably ⁇ 13.0, better ⁇ 12.5.
- the mechanical properties of the steels used in the invention are sufficient for the intended application, in particular because of the high N content and the percentage of austenite which is always at least 40%. N content and 1 1
- the percentage of austenite according to the invention provides the desired ductility both for the ease of heat transformations and for the ability of the reinforcement to deform during exceptional stresses such as an earthquake.
- the best ductilities are obtained for austenitic grades.
- Industrial casting I according to the invention was also developed at 40 ° C. by melting in the electric furnace, decarburization by the AOD process, continuous casting in 205 mm side blooms and hot rolling in round bars with a diameter of 1 mm.
- wire rod with a diameter of about 10.5 mm. The wire rod was cold-formed into a 10 mm diameter barbed wire at a reduction rate of 10 to 15%.
- the austenitic structures are denoted by A, the austenitic-ferritic structures are designated by AF.
- Table 1 Compositions and structures of test samples (laboratory and industrial)
- Sample G is a sample according to the invention. Indeed, its composition makes its thermal conductivity ⁇ meets the broadest requirements set by the inventors: ⁇ measured is 13.3 W / (mK), which is very well correlated to the calculated IC which is 13.4 (For a maximum of 13.5 according to the invention, which is already a significant advance over the most common prior art to ensure, economically, compliance with energy standards present and likely to come).
- This sample is low in Cu and contains relatively few Ni and Si, hence its higher thermal conductivity than the optimal variants of the invention make it possible to obtain, even if the individual contents of each of its elements are completely in accordance with the corresponding requirements of the invention. It confirms that the composition of the steel to be used to implement the invention must imperatively be considered as a whole as a coherent whole.
- the samples A to I in accordance with the invention, have mechanical properties which are not lower than those of the UGI ® 204Cu reference steel, except for the elongation rate Agt. But this remains at acceptable values for the intended application, and many of the samples even have tensile strength Rm and yield strength Rp0.2 significantly higher than those of the reference steel.
- the sample B has an Agt of 6%, thus of little greater than the 5% which the inventors consider as being the minimum value to obtain. But on the other hand, this sample B has a very high Rm and Rp0.2 and an IC which is the lowest of those calculated. This steel can therefore be a very satisfactory solution to the problems posed, at least for making thermal breaker frames whose shapes are not too complex.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show the results of forgeability tests, thus representative of hot ductility, carried out at 1200 ° C. (FIG. 5) and at 1100 ° C. (FIG. 6) on laboratory samples A to G, supra. Their necking rate was measured according to their IF ferritic index.
- the invention makes it possible to substantially improve the thermal insulation performance of stainless steel thermal bridge breakers, without sacrificing the mechanical properties of the usual stainless steel breakers, on the contrary.
- Certain variants of the invention have a particularly high heat-transferability, which gives access to forms of thermal bridge breakers that were not readily possible heretofore. Constructors of energy-efficient buildings have, therefore, through the invention, the opportunity to exploit new designs of thermal bridge breakers, which could be advantageous.
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1653480 | 2016-04-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/059305 WO2017182531A1 (fr) | 2016-04-20 | 2017-04-19 | Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3445885A1 true EP3445885A1 (fr) | 2019-02-27 |
| EP3445885B1 EP3445885B1 (fr) | 2022-10-19 |
Family
ID=56557729
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17717456.2A Active EP3445885B1 (fr) | 2016-04-20 | 2017-04-19 | Armature de rupteur de pont thermique pour la construction de bâtiments, et rupteur de pont thermique la comportant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3445885B1 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2933041T3 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI3445885T3 (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL3445885T3 (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT3445885T (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017182531A1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111101050A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-05 | 连云港华乐不锈钢制品有限公司 | 一种屋面用高氮奥氏体不锈钢新材料及其制备方法 |
| FR3124804A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-06 | Association pour la Recherche et le Développement des Méthodes et Processus Industriels (Armines) | Acier inoxydable austénitique |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10787809B2 (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2020-09-29 | Jk Worldwide Enterprises Inc. | Thermal break for use in construction |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4814140A (en) | 1987-06-16 | 1989-03-21 | Carpenter Technology Corporation | Galling resistant austenitic stainless steel alloy |
| US5340534A (en) | 1992-08-24 | 1994-08-23 | Crs Holdings, Inc. | Corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel with improved galling resistance |
| SE517449C2 (sv) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-06-04 | Avesta Polarit Ab Publ | Ferrit-austenitiskt rostfritt stål |
| FR2919639B1 (fr) * | 2007-07-30 | 2009-11-13 | Ugitech | Fil crante pour armature de structure en beton, en acier inoxydable duplex. |
| SE536835C2 (sv) * | 2012-10-05 | 2014-09-30 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | En luftledning för elkraft |
| WO2015074802A1 (fr) * | 2013-11-25 | 2015-05-28 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Acier inoxydable duplex pauvre utilisé en tant que matériau de construction |
-
2017
- 2017-04-19 PL PL17717456.2T patent/PL3445885T3/pl unknown
- 2017-04-19 EP EP17717456.2A patent/EP3445885B1/fr active Active
- 2017-04-19 WO PCT/EP2017/059305 patent/WO2017182531A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-04-19 PT PT177174562T patent/PT3445885T/pt unknown
- 2017-04-19 ES ES17717456T patent/ES2933041T3/es active Active
- 2017-04-19 FI FIEP17717456.2T patent/FI3445885T3/fr active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111101050A (zh) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-05 | 连云港华乐不锈钢制品有限公司 | 一种屋面用高氮奥氏体不锈钢新材料及其制备方法 |
| FR3124804A1 (fr) * | 2021-06-30 | 2023-01-06 | Association pour la Recherche et le Développement des Méthodes et Processus Industriels (Armines) | Acier inoxydable austénitique |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2933041T3 (es) | 2023-01-31 |
| FI3445885T3 (fi) | 2023-01-13 |
| WO2017182531A1 (fr) | 2017-10-26 |
| PL3445885T3 (pl) | 2023-01-30 |
| PT3445885T (pt) | 2022-12-13 |
| EP3445885B1 (fr) | 2022-10-19 |
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