EP3447190A1 - Dispositif formant palier pour rails d'une voie ferrée - Google Patents

Dispositif formant palier pour rails d'une voie ferrée Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3447190A1
EP3447190A1 EP17187153.6A EP17187153A EP3447190A1 EP 3447190 A1 EP3447190 A1 EP 3447190A1 EP 17187153 A EP17187153 A EP 17187153A EP 3447190 A1 EP3447190 A1 EP 3447190A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spring structure
crystalline
bearing device
crystalline spring
base plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17187153.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3447190B1 (fr
Inventor
Roger Müller
Michael Hafner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB
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Schweizerische Bundesbahnen SBB
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Priority to EP17187153.6A priority Critical patent/EP3447190B1/fr
Publication of EP3447190A1 publication Critical patent/EP3447190A1/fr
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Publication of EP3447190B1 publication Critical patent/EP3447190B1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B19/00—Protection of permanent way against development of dust or against the effect of wind, sun, frost, or corrosion; Means to reduce development of noise
    • E01B19/003—Means for reducing the development or propagation of noise
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01B—PERMANENT WAY; PERMANENT-WAY TOOLS; MACHINES FOR MAKING RAILWAYS OF ALL KINDS
    • E01B2/00—General structure of permanent way

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a bearing device for railroad tracks.
  • DE102013209495A1 describes a Schwellensohle, which consists of a high polymer elastic material and which is intended for direct connection to a prestressed concrete threshold of fresh, unbound concrete, for the purpose of gravel protection, and for vibration and sound decoupling in track construction for rail transport.
  • the entire rail system forms a vibration system, which consists essentially of the wheelset with oscillating unsprung Radsatzmasse, the rail, the rail intermediate layer, the threshold with any soles, gravel and substructure (eg soil, concrete slab, tunnel sole, etc.)
  • the upper coupling plane is through the rails and the lower Coupling plane formed by the foundation and the soil. Vibrations can reach the upper coupling plane via the railroad tracks and in the lower coupling plane through the foundation and soil from threshold to threshold.
  • the effects of the wheels of a rail vehicle on the rails mechanical vibrations are coupled via the thresholds in the ballast and the substructure (eg soil).
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide an improved storage device for railroad tracks.
  • a bearing device is to be created with which, on the one hand, the loads on the rail system and, on the other hand, interfering acoustic effects on the vicinity of the railroad tracks can be substantially reduced.
  • Inventive storage devices should be feasible in all necessary embodiments and unlimited, e.g. can be used advantageously on open tracks and engineering structures or in tunnels.
  • the bearing device serves to hold at least one railroad rail which rests on an elastic element which bears against a supporting device.
  • the elastic element is a first macroscopic crystalline spring structure which is aligned with its longitudinal axis or elongation axis perpendicular to the railroad track and preferably perpendicular to the wheel axles of the rail vehicles and which has a preferably periodic three-dimensional crystal structure, the mechanical vibrations in a first frequency range of preferably 1 Hz - 200 Hz at least partially absorbed and / or reflected.
  • the first crystalline spring structure has a crystal structure with a three-dimensional crystal lattice or point lattice, with intervals of the lattice points, which are increased by a multiple and in the range of a few centimeters to a few decimeters.
  • lattice structures with a lattice structure are used which correspond to the so-called Bravais lattice.
  • lattice structures with orthogonal orthogonal axis systems such as cubic crystal systems, tetragonal crystal systems, orthorombic crystal systems, or lattice structures with oblique angles
  • Axis systems such as hexagonal crystal systems, trigonal crystal systems, such as rhombohedral crystal systems, triclinic crystal systems, cylindrical crystal systems can be used.
  • the crystalline spring structures used may have the crystal structure of a metal or non-metal element or of a semiconductor.
  • phononic crystals offer new components by which sound can be controlled as well as light by means of mirrors, lenses or photonic optical fibers.
  • the elastic properties of crystals can be represented for small deflections by the generalized Hooke's law, i. through a linear relationship between stress and strain.
  • Crystalline spring structures according to the invention are modeled on phononic crystal structures and are dimensioned and designed such that disturbing vibrations that occur in the rail system can be damped or absorbed or reflected.
  • the spectra of vibrations and vibrations which occur in a rail system can be recorded and the damping curves or filter curves of the damping system of the invention Storage devices are adjusted accordingly. In particular, vibrations are suppressed, which burden the infrastructure or the environment in the near field.
  • the first crystalline spring structure is preferably connected along the longitudinal axis serially, directly or indirectly, with at least one second crystalline or elastic spring structure, for example an elastomer, the mechanical vibrations in a second frequency range of preferably 40 Hz - 500 Hz at least partially absorbed and / or reflected.
  • at least one second crystalline or elastic spring structure for example an elastomer
  • the mechanical vibrations in a second frequency range preferably 40 Hz - 500 Hz at least partially absorbed and / or reflected.
  • crystalline spring structures can also be provided parallel to one another and connected directly or indirectly to one another.
  • a storage device can be provided for the storage of only one railroad track or for the storage of two or more rails. If the bearing device supports two rails, at least one first crystalline spring structure is preferably provided for each rail. Preferably, at least one second crystalline or elastic spring structure is provided, which extends over the entire bearing device, for example.
  • At least the first crystalline spring structure along the longitudinal axis has two, three or more preferably identical unit cells lying one above the other.
  • the unit cells may also laterally have a plurality of adjoining unit cells.
  • elementary cells of different nature can advantageously also be combined with one another.
  • several layers of different unit cells are provided, which are provided for damping vibrations in each case in a certain frequency range.
  • the existing crystalline spring structures can be made of metal or plastic. Crystalline spring structures suitable for damping vibrations in the lowest frequency range of e.g. 1 Hz to 100 Hz are provided, are preferably made of metal. Crystalline spring structures used to damp vibrations above the lowermost waveband, e.g. are provided above 40 Hz, are preferably made of plastic, preferably an elastomer.
  • the first and preferably also all other crystalline spring structures are preferably designed in such a way that during a force action along the longitudinal axis, on the one hand, a compression along the longitudinal axis and, on the other hand, a torsion or shear occurs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the crystalline spring structure.
  • Particularly advantageous crystal structures can be used with oblique axis systems that promote shear.
  • the first and optionally also the further crystalline spring structures are designed such that the bonds between ions and / or atoms of the crystal structure are formed by resilient mechanical connecting elements, such as straight or curved rods made of plastic or spring steel, which are parallel or inclined according to the selected crystal structure are arranged to the longitudinal axis.
  • resilient mechanical connecting elements such as straight or curved rods made of plastic or spring steel, which are parallel or inclined according to the selected crystal structure are arranged to the longitudinal axis.
  • At least the first crystalline spring structure has one, two or more connecting plates made of metal or plastic, which are preferably aligned perpendicular to the elongation axis and longitudinal axis and in which the points of a plane of the lattice structure or crystal structure are included, which resilient mechanical fasteners are connected to each other in one piece or positively and / or by welding together.
  • the crystalline spring elements preferably have at least one base plate and one cover plate or at least one base plate, an intermediate plate and a cover plate.
  • Free-lying connection plates or intermediate plates can thereby perform shearing movements and / or rotational movements when the crystalline spring structure is loaded.
  • the support device may be formed by a metal base plate or by a one-piece or multi-part threshold of wood, plastic, concrete or metal, which is optionally configured as a sealed hollow body.
  • the support device is formed by a combination of a base plate and a threshold.
  • the crystalline spring structure is adapted to the associated supporting device or threshold and has e.g. a height in a range of 7.5 cm to 40 cm.
  • the crystalline spring structure penetrates the support or threshold completely or partially and projects beyond the upper edge by the required amount of e.g. 0.2 cm to 3 cm, so that the rail under load does not hit the outrigger or threshold.
  • the amplitudes of the vibrations occurring are usually relatively low.
  • the amplitudes of the vibrations are measured, after which the excess of the crystalline spring structure is selected accordingly.
  • the crystalline spring structure can be advantageously supported in a recess of the threshold on this.
  • the first crystalline spring structure is supported on a base plate made of steel, which serves to distribute the force of the forces transmitted via the first crystalline spring structure, so that as far as possible no local forces occur.
  • a massively designed base plate can serve as a support device.
  • the base plate is in combination with a threshold of wood, metal, concrete or plastic, which is the storage device a desired Gives size and stability.
  • the threshold has in this case a continuous recess, within which the crystalline spring structure is supported on the one hand on the base plate and on the other hand preferably protrudes from the crystalline spring structure.
  • the spring structure can also be combined with additional elements that protrude for example from the recess.
  • a threshold annealing is preferably provided which absorbs or reflects mechanical vibrations transmitted by the base plate in a second frequency range of preferably 40 Hz to 500 Hz.
  • the vibrations acting on the railway vehicle can therefore be advantageously damped sequentially in different frequency ranges by the bearing device on the basis of the various damping elements.
  • damping intermediate layers are preferably provided, on which rest the railroad tracks.
  • the sleeper pad and pads are preferably formed as second or further crystalline or elastic spring structures and preferably comprise a matrix formed from an elastomer having a crystalline grid with periodically repeating regions or unit cells.
  • the vibration system in this case comprises three or more phononic crystal structures that unfold their damping effect and / or reflection effect in frequency ranges disturbing vibrations.
  • the railroad rails are also preferably connected by means of resilient clamps with the supporting device such that the first crystalline spring structure is preferably biased such that the first crystalline spring structure operates in the intended first frequency range.
  • Fig. 1 shows a storage device 1 according to the invention in a first preferred embodiment.
  • the storage device 1 rests on a natural or artificial substructure 9, or 90, on which a layer of ballast 8 is provided.
  • the resting on the gravel layer 8 storage device 1 comprises a solid metal base plate 12, on which two crystalline or phononic spring elements 11 are arranged, each supporting a railroad rail 6, on which roll the wheels 4 of a rail vehicle.
  • the base plate 12, over which distribute the coupled oscillations, serves in this case as the sole support device 12th
  • the crystalline spring structures 11 have, in the embodiments shown by way of example, a base plate 111B resting on the base plate 12 and a cover plate 111T which carries the associated railroad rail 6.
  • the bottom plate 111B and the cover plate 111T are connected to an intermediate plate 111I by resilient mechanical fasteners 112BI, 112IT.
  • the connecting elements 112BI, 112IT correspond to the bonds between the atoms or ions of the crystal structure.
  • the bottom plate 111B, the intermediate plate 111I and the cover plate 111T are located in adjacent planes of the lattice structure in which the atoms or ions are arranged.
  • the crystal structures can be made much more complex and have mechanical fasteners 112BI, 112IT, which are guided between the bottom plate 111B, the intermediate plate 111I and the cover plate 111T to further grid points and optionally interconnected there or pass through the corresponding grid points.
  • the crystal structures between the bottom plate 111B and the intermediate plate 111I on the one hand and the intermediate plate 111I and the cover plate 111T on the other hand can be identical or different, resulting in two interconnected damping systems having a different damping behavior or different damping curves or filter curves.
  • Any crystalline spring structures 11 can be realized that have one or more subordinate crystalline spring structures that cooperate in order to achieve optimum damping behavior over the relevant frequency spectrum.
  • both crystalline spring structures 11 can attenuate vibrations in the range of 1 Hz to 150 Hz in the same way.
  • one of the spring structures 11 may be tuned to a frequency range of e.g.
  • the frequency ranges in which the crystalline spring structures 11 are to exert their effect are selected in such a way that, in particular, strongly disturbing vibrations and shocks are particularly well reduced.
  • a Schwellenhleohlung 13 of an elastic material provided that absorbs or reflects the transmitted from the base plate 12 mechanical vibrations in a second frequency range of preferably 40 Hz to 500 Hz.
  • elastic intermediate layers 14 are also provided, on which the railway rails 6 rest.
  • the elastic intermediate layers 14 serve to fix the rails 6 and at the same time as first damping layers.
  • the threshold soling 13 and / or the intermediate layer 14 are preferably formed as second or further crystalline or phononic spring structure and preferably comprise a matrix of an elastomer which forms a crystalline lattice with periodically repeating regions or unit cells.
  • Corresponding materials are for example from [5], WO2012151472A2 known.
  • the first crystalline spring structure 11 therefore preferably consists of hard-elastic metal parts, while the second spring structure 13, which is designed as a threshold padding 13, and preferably also the intermediate layer 14, consist of a hard-elastic but relatively soft synthetic material compared to the first crystalline spring structure 11.
  • the spring structures 11, 13, 14 complement each other to an advantageous damping system and are tuned to the critical frequency ranges. Each spring structure may be tuned to one or more frequencies in the region of which vibrations are to be damped or reflected.
  • the spring structure 14 is preferably dimensioned and constructed such that as little noise as possible is radiated from the rail and the threshold.
  • Fig. 1 further shows that adjacent to each crystalline spring structure 11 at least one limiting element 18 is arranged.
  • the limiting element 18 prevents inadmissible lateral deflection or shearing of the crystalline spring structure 11 and is delimited by the latter through an air gap 181.
  • the air gap 181 is dimensioned such that shearing movements and rotational movements of the crystalline spring structure 11 can take place, but material fracture is prevented.
  • only shear movements in the linear force-strain range of the crystalline spring structure 11 are allowed, which lead to no overloading and no breakage of the crystalline spring structure 11.
  • the preferably metal limiting element 18 is e.g. plate-shaped or tubular and screwed or welded to the base plate 12.
  • the preferably metal limiting element 18 is e.g. plate-shaped or tubular and screwed or welded to the base plate 12.
  • four cross-shaped angle elements 18 with vertically aligned plates enclose the crystalline spring structure 11.
  • the railroad tracks 6 are further connected by means of resilient clamps 15 with the support device or the base plate 12 such that the first crystalline spring structure 11 is preferably biased and operates in the desired first frequency range.
  • Fig. 2 shows the storage device 1 of Fig. 1
  • a metal hollow sleeper 120 which is preferably configured cuboid and in the crystalline spring structures 11 are arranged.
  • the hollow sleeper 120 which is preferably sealed, comprises at the bottom of the metal base plate 12 and at the top a metal top plate 121.
  • the hollow sleeper 120 can be made or bent from a single metal plate or cut-out, for example, a thickness in Range of 4 mm to 10 mm.
  • Fig. 2 shows two possible variants A (left) and B (right) of the arrangement of the crystalline spring structures 11. Either variant A or variant B is realized.
  • Variant A shows that the crystalline spring structure 11 rests against the top plate 121 with the cover plate 111T and against the base plate 12 of the hollow sleeper 120 with the base plate 111B. Deformations of the hollow sill 120 are thus damped by the crystalline spring structure 11.
  • the sidewalls of the hollow sill 120 are connected to at least one spring element, e.g. a resilient bead 125 provided which gives the hollow sill 120 elasticity, so that they can follow the movements of the first crystalline spring structures 11.
  • Variant B shows that the local crystalline spring structure 11 is guided through the top plate 121 to the outside.
  • the required opening in the top plate 121 is sealed by an elastic material 126, preferably an elastomer.
  • the hollow sleeper 120 is thus sealed, but allows the direct coupling of the crystalline spring structure 11 with the railroad track 6.
  • the rail track 6 can be permanently mounted in the variants A and B by means of resilient clamps 15 or slidably mounted and connected to a switch drive 5.
  • a bearing plate 7 is preferably provided on each crystalline spring structure 11, on which the mounted rail track 6 is displaceable.
  • Storage devices 1 according to the invention can thus also be advantageously used for the construction of switches.
  • broader crystalline spring structures 11 are preferably provided.
  • railway rail 6 can be fixedly mounted in this embodiment and supported on an intermediate layer 14, as in Fig. 1 is shown.
  • Fig. 3 shows the storage device 1 of Fig. 1 in a third embodiment again in two variants A (left) and B (right).
  • the storage device 1 can be configured in one piece or in two parts and comprises a threshold 16 or threshold parts 161, 162 made of concrete, wood or plastic.
  • the crystalline spring structures 11 are arranged in a recess 160 of the threshold 16 and separated from the threshold 16 by an air gap 166.
  • the recess 160 passes through the entire threshold 16, so that the crystalline spring structure 11 can be supported on the base plate 12.
  • the rail track 6 is separated by an intermediate layer 14 of the crystalline spring structure 11 and held by resilient clamps 15 which are bolted to the threshold 16.
  • the recess 160 does not completely pass through the threshold 16 and is e.g. cup-shaped recessed in the threshold 16, so that the crystalline spring structure 11 is supported on a part of the threshold 16.
  • the diameter of the recess 160 is in turn dimensioned somewhat larger than the diameter of the crystalline spring structure 11, so that an air gap 166 remains.
  • Fig. 4 shows an intended for use in a storage device 1 according to the invention crystalline spring structure 11 in an exemplary representation.
  • the macroscopic crystalline spring structure 11 has a crystal structure with a three-dimensional crystal lattice or dot lattice, with intervals of the dots enlarged by a multiple and in the range of a few centimeters, eg 2.5 cm to 60 cm. lie.
  • the crystalline spring structure has three parallel aligned connecting plates, a base plate 111 B, an intermediate plate 111 I, a cover plate 111 T, made of metal or plastic, which are aligned perpendicular to the axis of elongation or longitudinal axis y and in which the points each have a plane of the grid structure or Crystal structure are included.
  • the points of the grid structure are interconnected by resilient mechanical fasteners.
  • the connecting elements are preferably held positively in openings of the connecting plates and / or welded to the connecting plates.
  • the connecting plates and the preferably rod-shaped connecting elements may also be integrally connected to each other and e.g. be made by a casting process or 3D design process.
  • Fig. 5 shows a damping curve or frequency characteristic of a bearing device 1 according to the invention by selecting the crystal structure and the dimensions and nature of the connecting plates 111B, 111I, 111T and the connecting elements 112BI; 112IT, the damping behavior or filter behavior of the crystalline spring structure 11 can be determined.
  • the bold line shows in a first example that the first crystalline spring structure 11 can dampen the vibrations with the frequencies in the range of 1 Hz to 100 Hz well. While the attenuation line runs almost linearly from 1 Hz to almost 100 Hz in the first example, a dash-dotted line in a second example shows that a reduced attenuation may also be present in certain frequency ranges (exemplary at 10 Hz). It is therefore measured at which frequencies disturbing vibrations occur.
  • appropriately matched crystalline spring structures 11 are used and optionally combined with one another in order to suppress vibrations, in particular in the areas in which they appear disturbing or damaging.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
EP17187153.6A 2017-08-21 2017-08-21 Dispositif formant palier pour une voie ferrée Active EP3447190B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17187153.6A EP3447190B1 (fr) 2017-08-21 2017-08-21 Dispositif formant palier pour une voie ferrée

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EP17187153.6A EP3447190B1 (fr) 2017-08-21 2017-08-21 Dispositif formant palier pour une voie ferrée

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EP3447190A1 true EP3447190A1 (fr) 2019-02-27
EP3447190B1 EP3447190B1 (fr) 2020-03-18

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111455739A (zh) * 2020-04-11 2020-07-28 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 一种组合式轨枕
CN112458800A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-03-09 成都主导科技有限责任公司 复合减震钢轨枕
CN112853825A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 华东交通大学 一种可调准周期阻尼钢轨

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1783275A1 (fr) * 2004-07-23 2007-05-09 Gerb (Qingdao) Vibration Control Systems Co., Ltd. Assiette de voie de chemin de fer a dalle flottante
WO2012151472A2 (fr) 2011-05-05 2012-11-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Métamatériaux phononiques pour isolation vis-à-vis des vibrations et focalisation d'ondes élastiques
DE102013209495A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 GKT Gummi- und Kunststofftechnik Fürstenwalde GmbH Schwellensohle für eine Bahnschwelle
EP3121333A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-25 Steinhauser Consulting Engineers ZT GmbH Support de voie ferree

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1783275A1 (fr) * 2004-07-23 2007-05-09 Gerb (Qingdao) Vibration Control Systems Co., Ltd. Assiette de voie de chemin de fer a dalle flottante
WO2012151472A2 (fr) 2011-05-05 2012-11-08 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Métamatériaux phononiques pour isolation vis-à-vis des vibrations et focalisation d'ondes élastiques
DE102013209495A1 (de) 2013-05-22 2014-11-27 GKT Gummi- und Kunststofftechnik Fürstenwalde GmbH Schwellensohle für eine Bahnschwelle
EP3121333A1 (fr) * 2015-07-21 2017-01-25 Steinhauser Consulting Engineers ZT GmbH Support de voie ferree

Non-Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DELPERO: "Structural engineering of three-dimensional phononic crystals", JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION, November 2015 (2015-11-01)
GORISHNYY, SOUND IDEAS, PHYSICS WORLD, December 2005 (2005-12-01)
GORISHNYY: "Sound ideas", PHYSICS WORLD, December 2005 (2005-12-01)
KLAUS LIEBERENZ: "Dynamische Stabilität der Fahrbahn", 2005

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111455739A (zh) * 2020-04-11 2020-07-28 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 一种组合式轨枕
CN112458800A (zh) * 2020-11-18 2021-03-09 成都主导科技有限责任公司 复合减震钢轨枕
CN112853825A (zh) * 2021-01-13 2021-05-28 华东交通大学 一种可调准周期阻尼钢轨

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