EP3450100A2 - Schleifmaschinenkalibrierung - Google Patents

Schleifmaschinenkalibrierung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3450100A2
EP3450100A2 EP18189771.1A EP18189771A EP3450100A2 EP 3450100 A2 EP3450100 A2 EP 3450100A2 EP 18189771 A EP18189771 A EP 18189771A EP 3450100 A2 EP3450100 A2 EP 3450100A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
machine
datum
bar
calibration tool
longitudinal axis
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18189771.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3450100A3 (de
Inventor
Martin Suckling
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce PLC
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Rolls Royce PLC
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce PLC filed Critical Rolls Royce PLC
Publication of EP3450100A2 publication Critical patent/EP3450100A2/de
Publication of EP3450100A3 publication Critical patent/EP3450100A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
    • B24B49/12—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving optical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B19/00—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group
    • B24B19/14—Single-purpose machines or devices for particular grinding operations not covered by any other main group for grinding turbine blades, propeller blades or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
    • B24B21/00—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor
    • B24B21/16—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding other surfaces of particular shape
    • B24B21/165—Machines or devices using grinding or polishing belts; Accessories therefor for grinding other surfaces of particular shape for vanes or blades of turbines, propellers, impellers, compressors and the like

Definitions

  • the present disclosure concerns the set up and calibration of grinding machines. More specifically, it relates to a device and method for aligning and calibrating a Blade Tip Grinding Machine (BTG) for use on compressor rotor blades of a Gas Turbine engine.
  • BCG Blade Tip Grinding Machine
  • BTG machines are known, and are manufactured by several different companies. Typically, they incorporate some form of measurement system to determine the radii of rotor blade tips during and post grinding. Some of the typical measurement systems used on BTG's are not particularly accurate, temperature stable or reliable, and hence some BTG machines now incorporate an optical measurement system to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements made during use of the machine.
  • BCG Blade Tip Grinding Machines
  • a machine calibration tool comprising a bar which has a longitudinal axis; a first location feature which is located on the bar and configured to engage with a first location of the machine; and, a datum having a location adjacent to the bar at a known but variable distance parallel to the longitudinal axis from the first location feature.
  • the tool is intended to be used with an optical sensor such as a ZIMMER gauge or alternative measuring system or device to determine the location of machine mounted datums, for example knife-edge datums, on a grinding machine relative to machine datums, such as a rotating axis of the machine and/or a spindle face.
  • an optical sensor such as a ZIMMER gauge or alternative measuring system or device to determine the location of machine mounted datums, for example knife-edge datums, on a grinding machine relative to machine datums, such as a rotating axis of the machine and/or a spindle face.
  • the perpendicular distance of the datum from the longitudinal axis of the bar may be known at all distances of the datum parallel to the longitudinal axis from the first location feature.
  • the datum may comprise one or more reference features.
  • One or more of the reference features may be tapered along the longitudinal axis of the bar and/or parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bar, and/or perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the bar.
  • One or more of the reference features may comprise one or more knife-edges, for example provided on a knife-edge square plate.
  • a thin knife-edge can be used to represent a typical blade tip which is to be ground.
  • a tapered interface for example a knife-edge square plate, allows a very precise and accurate measurement.
  • a plate with two perpendicular sides can be provided to form a square edge.
  • the two perpendicular sides allow the accurate/precise measurement of both axial and radial positions of the cutting edge of a grinding wheel of a grinding machine with respect to the reference point, for example corresponding to the axis of rotation.
  • the edge can be used to get an accurate position of the edge by a camera/Laser projecting a beam of light into/onto the edge.
  • the resulting shadow of the tapered interface can be used as the measurement.
  • the two faces of the plate may be tapered over a distance of around 2 mm.
  • the bar may comprise a reference face which is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bar, to which the datum is engaged.
  • the bar may be comprised of one or more of a metal, alloy, ceramic, stone (such as granite) or polymer.
  • the datum may be fixedly attached to the bar at any one of two or more locations parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bar.
  • the datum may be slidably attached to the bar and be selectively movable parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bar.
  • the datum may be fixable in any desired position parallel to the longitudinal axis of the bar, for example by a clamping arrangement comprising a T-slot provided in a face of the bar.
  • the datum may be configured within an arm arrangement.
  • the datum may be configured to pivot about a pivotable attachment feature within the arm arrangement.
  • the arm arrangement may be comprised of one or more of a metal, alloy, ceramic, stone (such as granite) or polymer.
  • the machine calibration tool may further comprise a clocking mandrel located on the bar and aligned with the first location feature. Providing a clocking mandrel, or a tube or other extension from a front face of the bar, provides an accessible reference point to measure the radial distance to the datum.
  • the clocking mandrel may be movable relative to the bar.
  • the clocking mandrel may be adjustable for alignment with the working axis of a grinding machine.
  • a method of calibrating a grinding machine comprising the steps of securing the first location feature of a machine calibration tool according to any preceding claim to a grinding machine, setting a datum of the machine calibration tool at a known position relative to a fixed machine datum feature, and using a measurement device and the datum of the machine calibration tool to determine the position of one or more further datum features mounted to the grinding machine relative to the machine datum feature.
  • the measurement device comprises an optical sensor, possibly associated with or mounted on the grinding machine.
  • the measurement device may comprise a triangulation probe or a physical measurement device.
  • the one or more further datum features mounted to the grinding machine may comprise machine mounted datum knife-edges.
  • the grinding machine may be a blade tip grinding (BTG) machine, and the machine datum feature may comprise a rotational axis of the BTG machine, for example the rotational axis of a machine workhead spindle and/or spindle face.
  • BTG blade tip grinding
  • Other possible machine datum features such as a tailstock spindle or spindle face may alternatively, or additionally, be included in the calibration.
  • the invention will be used during the installation of new gauges, following refurbishment, and for the routine calibration of optical sensors such as ZIMMER systems or similar/derivatives on BTG machines.
  • a gas turbine engine is generally indicated at 10, having a principal and rotational axis 11.
  • the engine 10 comprises, in axial flow series, an air intake 12, a propulsive fan 13, an intermediate pressure compressor 14, a high pressure compressor 15, combustion equipment 16, a high pressure turbine 17, an intermediate pressure turbine 18, a low pressure turbine 19 and an exhaust nozzle 20.
  • a nacelle 21 generally surrounds the engine 10 and defines both the intake 12 and the exhaust nozzle 20.
  • the gas turbine engine 10 works in the conventional manner so that air entering the intake 12 is accelerated by the fan 13 to produce two air flows: a first air flow into the intermediate pressure compressor 14 and a second air flow which passes through a bypass duct 22 to provide propulsive thrust.
  • the intermediate pressure compressor 14 compresses the airflow directed into it before delivering that air to the high pressure compressor 15 where further compression takes place.
  • the compressed air exhausted from the high pressure compressor 15 is directed into the combustion equipment 16 where it is mixed with fuel and the mixture combusted.
  • the resultant hot combustion products then expand through, and thereby drive the high, intermediate and low pressure turbines 17, 18, 19 before being exhausted through the nozzle 20 to provide additional propulsive thrust.
  • the high 17, intermediate 18 and low 19 pressure turbines drive respectively the high pressure compressor 15, intermediate pressure compressor 14 and fan 13, each by suitable interconnecting shaft.
  • gas turbine engines to which the present disclosure may be applied may have alternative configurations.
  • such engines may have an alternative number of interconnecting shafts (e.g. two) and/or an alternative number of compressors and/or turbines.
  • the engine may comprise a gearbox provided in the drive train from a turbine to a compressor and/or fan.
  • FIG. 2 shows an intermediate pressure (IP) compressor drum, generally indicated 14, in a blade tip grinding (BTG) machine, which is generally designated 24.
  • IP compressor drum 14 is mounted on a central axis 26 between a headstock spindle 28 and a tailstock spindle 30 of the BTG machine 24.
  • a grinding wheel 32 and an optical sensor 34 are aligned with one stage 36 of the compressor drum 14. As the compressor drum 14 is rotated about the axis 26, the grinding wheel 32 is moved into contact with the ends of individual compressor blades in a particular stage 36, while the optical sensor 34 measures the location of the blade tips, and thereby determines their radii from the axis 26.
  • the optical sensor 34 in order for the BTG machine 24 to ensure that the rotor/blades are machined to the required finished size, and thus ensure the correct tip clearance when the drum 14 is received in its compressor casing, the optical sensor 34 must be aligned and positioned correctly relative to the axis of rotation 26 and other datum features of the BTG machine 24.
  • Machine mounted calibration edges such as datum knife-edges 38, 40 are also provided at known radial and axial distances from the datum features forming part of the BTG machine 24 structure, such as the rotational axis 26 of the workhead spindle 28 and/or the tailstock spindle 30, and are used during machining of blades on the rotor/drum 14.
  • FIG 3 shows a calibration tool 42 mounted in the BTG machine 24 of Figure 2 .
  • the calibration tool 42 will be described more fully below, but briefly comprises a gauge bar 44, a gauge arm 46 extending at right angles to the gauge bar 44, and a mounting spigot 48 via which the calibration tool 42 can be mounted to the headstock spindle 28.
  • the optical sensor 34 is aligned with a free end portion of the gauge arm 46, which represents the position of the tip of a machined compressor blade.
  • the optical sensor 34 is capable of measuring in the plane perpendicular to its optical axis, which is into the page as shown, so can detect datum features provided on the gauge arm 46.
  • the position of the machine mounted datum knife-edges 38, 40 may be reliably established relative to the datum features forming part of the BTG machine structure.
  • An optical sensor such as a ZIMMER gauge, may be aligned axially and radially relative to datum features on the BTG machine using the described calibration tool.
  • Some blade stages have "Hade” angles ground on their tips, and therefore any axial positioning error can affect the measured radii of individual blade stages.
  • the calibration tool 42 from Figure 3 is shown in greater detail in Figure 4 .
  • the gauge bar 44 is flat and straight, with the sides square to each other, and is of sufficient rigidity and stability such that it does not distort under its own weight and that of the gauge arm 46.
  • the gauge bar 44 is provided with a number of discrete mounting points, stops or other fixings to allow location of the gauge arm 46 at a number of discrete/defined radial distances 60 from the mounting spigot 48.
  • the gauge bar 44 and arm 46 as illustrated are steel components, but it should be understood that either or both could instead be constructed from an alternative thermally and dimensionally stable material, such as a suitable metal, alloy, ceramic, stone (such as granite) or polymer, or from a combination of such materials.
  • the gauge bar 44 is fastened onto the mounting spigot 48.
  • the function of the mounting spigot 48 is to locate the gauge bar 44 and arm 46 onto the spindle face of the BTG machine 24 in place of the hydraulic chuck used during machining operations, and assist with stability and alignment.
  • a rear engagement face 50 of the mounting spigot 48 abuts to the front face of the spindle of the BTG machine 24, and a calibrated dimension 52 between the plane of the rear face 50 of the mounting spigot 48 and the front face 54 of the gauge bar 44 can then be established via a suitable measurement method.
  • the function of the gauge arm 46 is to provide datum features in known geometric alignment to the face 54 of gauge bar 44 and the rotational axis 26 of the BTG machine workhead spindle 28. For example, taking a corner 56 of the gauge arm 46 as a datum, the axial distance 58 from the face 54 is known, and the radial distance from the rotational axis 26 is the sum of the distance 60 and the radius of the mounting spigot 48, both of which are known.
  • Levelling screws may be provided to set the gauge bar 44 parallel to the direction of travel of the optical sensor 34 and the base of the BTG machine. This operation may be performed using an engineer's spirit or electronic level, mounted onto the horizontal surface of the gauge bar 44.
  • the centring of the mounting spigot 48 on the rotational axis 26 can be checked using a Dial Test Indicator (DTI) or similar to measure the runout on its outside diameter (OD).
  • DTI Dial Test Indicator
  • OD outside diameter
  • a clocking mandrel 51 is provided concentrically with the mounting spigot 48 on the opposite side of the gauge arm 44.
  • the alignment of the clocking mandrel 51 can be adjusted independently of the gauge arm 44, and can thus be made precisely coaxial with the rotational axis 26 of the BTG machine. This could be achieved by measuring the runout on the outside diameter of the clocking mandrel 51, for example with a Dial Test Indicator (DTI), and adjusting the alignment of the clocking mandrel 51 so that the runout is minimised.
  • DTI Dial Test Indicator
  • the clocking mandrel 51 gives greater certainty of the position of the datum point 56 relative to the rotational axis 26.
  • the distance 61 from the outer diameter of the clocking mandrel 51 to the datum point 56 can be readily determined, either by direct measurement or by measurement to a known reference point on the gauge arm 46.
  • the radius of the clocking mandrel 51 is known and, because of the possibility of fine adjustment, is known to precisely correspond to additional distance to the rotational axis 26 of the machine.
  • clocking mandrel 51 additionally provides a readily accessible reference for the machine axis 26, which is an important datum of the BTG machine that is largely obscured or inaccessible once the tool 42 is attached.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative calibration tool 42a.
  • a gauge bar 44, mounting spigot 48 and clocking mandrel 51 are provided as before, but in the alternative tool 42a the gauge arm 46 has been replaced by a shaped extension 46a having a surface 47 provided at an oblique angle to the front face 54 of the gauge bar 44.
  • the axial position 58 and radial position 60, 61 of any datum point 56a on the angled surface 47 can be readily determined.
  • the location of the datum 56a perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the gauge bar 44 is known at all distances of the datum 56a from the rotational axis 26 of the BTG machine 24.
  • a further alternative calibration tool 42b is shown in Figure 6 .
  • the tool 42b comprises a gauge bar 44, gauge arm 46, mounting spigot 48 and clocking mandrel 51 similar to the tool 42 of Figure 4 .
  • the alternative calibration tool 42b of Figure 6 additionally comprises a knife-edge square plate 62, which provides a radial knife-edge 64 and an axial knife-edge 66.
  • the radial knife-edge 64 and an axial knife-edge 66 provide features which, when measured by the optical sensor 34, are of the same form as the datum features 38, 40 of the BTG machine 24. Both the radial knife-edge 64 and the axial knife-edge 66 can be aligned in a plane that passes through the rotational axis 26, and is parallel to the top face of the gauge bar 44.
  • the optical sensor 34 is designed to "see" knife-edges, such as the datum knife-edges 38, 40 or compressor blade tips, so the inclusion of the knife-edge square plate 62 helps to ensure that the datum(s) 56b provided on the calibration tool 42b is/are reliably detected.
  • the radial and axial knife-edges 64, 66 provide a good approximation to compressor blade tips.
  • the optical sensor 34 is capable of measuring in the plane perpendicular to its optical axis, i.e. along axes perpendicular to the radial and axial knife-edges 64, 66, and also of the machine mounted calibration edges 38, 40.
  • a further alternative calibration tool 42c is shown in Figure 7 .
  • the tool 42c comprises a gauge bar 44, mounting spigot 48 and clocking mandrel 51 as before.
  • the gauge arm 46c in the tool 42c of Figure 7 extends at an oblique angle to the gauge bar 44 and is provided, at its free end, with a knife-edge square plate 62 as described in relation to Figure 6 .
  • the axial knife-edge 66 of the knife-edge square plate 62 is aligned to be parallel with the gauge bar 44.
  • the radial distance 60c, 61c from the mounting spigot 48 to a datum point is made continuously variable.
  • the front face 54 of gauge bar 44 is provided with a T-slot, and the gauge arm 46c has two ground surfaces which abut to the gauge bar 44. Screws from the gauge arm 46c are received in T-nuts fitted into the T-slot, allowing the gauge bar 46c to slide along the gauge bar 44 as shown at 68. Once in the desired radial position, the ground surfaces of the gauge arm 46c are clamped against the ground surfaces of the gauge bar 44 by tightening the screws into the T-nuts. The sliding adjustment described allows stepless, continuous, adjustment of the gauge arm 46c in the radial direction.
  • the radial distance 60c may be set and measured using any suitable measurement system and method.
  • FIG 8 shows a further alternative calibration tool 42d.
  • the gauge arm 46d in this alternative has a first portion 70 extending from the gauge arm 44, and a second portion 72 mounted to the first portion 70 by a pivot 74, and movable between positions indicated in broken lines.
  • a knife-edge square plate 62 is provided on the end of the second portion 72 remote from the pivot 74.
  • the axial and radial positions 58d, 60d, 61d of the datum can both be varied using the pivot 74.
  • the gauge arm 46, 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d may be provided with one of more measurement faces and/or levelling pads for mounting an engineer's spirit or electronic level to ensure that the gauge arm 46, 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d is level relative to the base of the BTG machine 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Sensing Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Constituent Portions Of Griding Lathes, Driving, Sensing And Control (AREA)
  • Machine Tool Units (AREA)
EP18189771.1A 2017-09-05 2018-08-20 Schleifmaschinenkalibrierung Withdrawn EP3450100A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1714185.4A GB201714185D0 (en) 2017-09-05 2017-09-05 Grinding machine calibration

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3450100A2 true EP3450100A2 (de) 2019-03-06
EP3450100A3 EP3450100A3 (de) 2019-05-01

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EP18189771.1A Withdrawn EP3450100A3 (de) 2017-09-05 2018-08-20 Schleifmaschinenkalibrierung

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US (1) US20190070708A1 (de)
EP (1) EP3450100A3 (de)
GB (1) GB201714185D0 (de)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110587428B (zh) * 2019-10-09 2024-10-18 青岛高测科技股份有限公司 一种半导体晶棒开Notch槽中心校准装置及方法
CN112247741B (zh) * 2020-09-25 2022-04-08 深圳市裕展精密科技有限公司 校准系统、校准方法及校准装置
CN113814794B (zh) * 2021-09-18 2022-09-30 中国航发哈尔滨东安发动机有限公司 一种泵类产品同轴加工方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3775857A (en) * 1971-08-30 1973-12-04 H Handy Set-up tool
US4501095A (en) * 1983-06-07 1985-02-26 United Technologies Corporation Method and apparatus for grinding turbine engine rotor assemblies using dynamic optical measurement system
GB2463270A (en) * 2008-09-05 2010-03-10 Renishaw Plc Scale alignment tool

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Publication number Publication date
EP3450100A3 (de) 2019-05-01
GB201714185D0 (en) 2017-10-18
US20190070708A1 (en) 2019-03-07

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