Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C5/00—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures
  • F17C5/02—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases
  • F17C5/04—Methods or apparatus for filling containers with liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases under pressures for filling with liquefied gases requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. filling with helium or hydrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
  • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
  • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
  • F25J1/0047—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle
  • F25J1/005—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
  • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
  • F25J1/0062—Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof
  • F25J1/0065—Helium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
  • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
  • F25J1/0072—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/006—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the refrigerant fluid used
  • F25J1/007—Primary atmospheric gases, mixtures thereof
  • F25J1/0077—Argon
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0211—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle
  • F25J1/0212—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0262—Details of the cold heat exchange system
  • F25J1/0264—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams
  • F25J1/0265—Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
  • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
  • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
  • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
  • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
  • F25J1/0279—Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.
  • F25J1/0285—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings
  • F25J1/0288—Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
  • F17C2201/05—Size
  • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/014—Nitrogen
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
  • F17C2221/016—Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
  • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
  • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
  • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
  • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
  • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
  • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
  • F17C2223/0169—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL subcooled
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
  • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
  • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
  • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
  • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
  • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
  • F17C2227/0348—Water cooling
  • F17C2227/0351—Water cooling using seawater
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
  • F17C2227/0341—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid
  • F17C2227/0355—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using another fluid in a closed loop
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
  • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
  • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
  • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
  • F17C2227/0383—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact outside the vessel
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
  • F17C2265/031—Treating the boil-off by discharge
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
  • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
  • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
  • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
  • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
  • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
  • F17C2265/035—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with subcooling the liquid phase
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
  • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
  • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
  • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
  • F17C2270/00—Applications
  • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
  • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
  • F17C2270/0105—Ships
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
  • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
  • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
  • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an installation for storing and cooling a liquefied gas, for example a liquefied natural gas.
• the present invention relates to a storage method for storing a liquefied gas.
• Document US3302416A discloses a liquefied natural gas storage facility for storing the liquefied natural gas during its transportation to another building.
• the cooling device described in US3302416A comprises several compressors, several engines, several heat exchangers configured to cool liquefied gas from the tank and at least one refrigeration source, external to the gas storage facility.
• the refrigeration source corresponds to an independent equipment compared to compressors, exchangers, etc. component of the storage facility and allows to sub-cool limited quantities of liquefied gas stored so as to avoid a heat input into said installation; and reinjecting the subcooled liquid into different areas of the storage space so as to provide relatively uniform temperature conditions in the stored liquid gas with minimal disturbance of the stratified vapors on the liquid surface.
• This source of refrigeration can be for example a container in the form of gas bottle, said cycle gas.
• the storage installation described in this document includes many independent components, which imposes many interfaces between them.
• these many components form a large buffer volume that needs to be filled at each start of each cycle.
• the use of an internal system makes it possible to store the cycle gas used to operate the installation, said cycle gas being stored in another external equipment when it is warm and put back into the circuit of the installation once 'he is cold.
• the present invention is intended in particular to solve, in whole or in part, the problems mentioned above.
• the present invention may consist in the use of an installation which is described in particular in document WO2009066044 and of which all the features are incorporated by reference in the present application.
• the installation may comprise at least: a cryogenic device for transferring heat from a cold source to a hot source via a working fluid or cycle gas flowing in a working circuit or closed cycle circuit; Work comprising in series: an isothermal or substantially isothermal compression portion of the fluid, an isobaric or substantially isobaric cooling portion of the fluid, an isothermal or substantially isothermal expansion portion of the fluid and an isobaric or substantially isobaric heating portion of the fluid.
• the compression portion comprises at least two compressors arranged in series, at least one compressed fluid cooling exchanger disposed at the outlet of each compressor.
• the expansion portion comprises at least one expansion turbine and at least one expanded fluid heating exchanger, the compressors and the expansion turbine or turbines being driven by at least one engine said high speed.
• the motor comprises an output shaft whose one end carries and rotates by direct coupling a first compressor and the other end carries and rotates by direct coupling a second compressor or an expansion turbine.
• high speed motor will be understood to mean engines that typically rotate at a rotation speed of 10,000 revolutions per minute. minute or tens of thousands of revolutions per minute. A low-speed motor runs rather with a speed of a few thousand revolutions per minute.
• the invention relates to an installation for storing and cooling a liquefied gas, for example a liquefied natural gas, the installation comprising:
• At least one tank configured to contain liquefied gas, said tank comprising at least one lower region intended to contain the liquefied gas in the liquid state, and at least one upper region intended to contain the vapors of the liquefied gas,
• the cooling circuit configured to be supplied with liquefied gas in the liquid state coming from the tank, the cooling circuit comprising at least one compressor configured to compress a cycle gas, at least one engine, at least one turbine and at least a first heat exchanger configured to effect a heat exchange between liquefied gas in the liquid state from the reservoir and the cycle gas, for example nitrogen, so as to cool liquefied gas from the reservoir when the installation is in use, and
• At least one injection member fluidly connected to the cooling circuit via an injection pipe fluidly connecting the cooling circuit and the injection member, the injection member being configured to reinject in the tank liquefied gas cooled,
• the motor being mechanically connected on the one hand to the compressor to drive the compressor and on the other hand to the turbine so that the turbine drives the motor
• the installation being characterized in that it comprises at least one connection line configured to recover a liquefied gas to be cooled from at least one remote container, which is distinct and independent of the installation, the said connection line being fluidly connected to the reservoir of the installation.
• this configuration is compact and compact, because there is no significant distance between the cooling circuit equipment. This reduced distance allows the use of a reduced amount of gas cycle and therefore not to increase too much pressure to go cold to arrive at an operating pressure.
• the turbine since the turbine is mechanically connected to the compressor via the motor, the plant can operate with a single compressor, which reduces the size of the installation and the fluid connections between the various cooling circuit equipment.
• connection line is used to cool a liquefied gas to be cooled from a separate container independent of the installation.
• the term "container separate and independent of the facility” a container that is not part of the installation or the cooling circuit, for example, the container is on the same vessel , on another ship or ashore.
• the cooling device does not require valves between the compressor and the turbine, because it is sufficient to control and control the speed of the motor to regulate the flow rate of cooling fluid flowing in the first heat exchanger.
• the installation is particularly quick to implement and put into operation, which is particularly advantageous when the installation must be installed on a liquefied gas transport vehicle, for example on a ship such as a LNG carrier.
• the first heat exchanger makes it possible to cool, via the cycle gas, liquefied gas from the tank to a temperature below the temperature of the liquefied gas contained in the tank. This cooling is usually referred to as "subcooling".
• the installation comprises at least one bypass line connected to the injection pipe, said bypass pipe being configured to transfer a portion of the cooled liquefied gas to a remote container, separate and independent of the 'installation.
• the supply line is at least partly coincident with the bypass line.
• the feed line is distinct from the bypass line.
• the motor is connected directly to the compressor.
• the motor is connected directly to the turbine.
• the installation further comprises a pump configured to supply the cooling device with liquefied gas in the liquid state coming from the tank.
• the cooling circuit is fluidly connected to the pump.
• the pump is arranged in the lower region of the reservoir.
• the outlet of the turbine is fluidly connected directly to the first heat exchanger.
• the output of the compressor is fluidically connected indirectly to the first heat exchanger.
• the cooling circuit further comprises a second heat exchanger configured to perform a heat exchange between the compressed cycle gas from the compressor and the expanded cycle gas from the turbine.
• the inlet of the compressor is fluidly connected to the outlet of the turbine without intermediate member other than the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger.
• the turbine is fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger by a first connecting pipe, without intermediate component.
• the compressor is fluidly connected to the first heat exchanger by a second connecting pipe.
• the cooling circuit comprises at least a first connecting member mechanically connecting the motor to the compressor, and at least one second connecting member mechanically connecting the motor to the turbine.
• the first connecting member comprises a first rotating shaft.
• the second connecting member comprises a second rotating shaft.
• the cooling circuit is configured to operate according to a Brayton cycle.
• Brayton cycle means a thermodynamic cycle developed by George Brayton that produces a gas, referred to in this invention as cycle gas.
• the cooling circuit comprises a third heat exchanger configured to perform a heat exchange between the cycle gas and a fluid at ambient temperature, for example water or a cooling fluid, which allows evacuate the heat of the cycle gas to the outside.
• the injection member is arranged in the upper region of the reservoir.
• the injection member injects the liquefied gas cooled in the vapor phase, that is to say above the level of liquefied gas in the liquid state.
• the injection member is arranged in the lower region of the reservoir.
• the injection member injects the cooled liquefied gas into the liquid phase, that is to say below the level of the liquefied gas in the liquid state.
• the injection member comprises a plurality of injection nozzles arranged in series and / or in parallel
• the cooling circuit is configured to cool liquefied gas from the tank at a temperature of between 35 K and 150 K, for example equal to 110 K or 80 K.
• the cooling circuit is configured to cool liquefied gas from the tank at a rate of between 5m 3 / h and 50m 3 / h.
• the tank contains a liquefied gas selected from the group consisting of a liquefied natural gas, or other gas rich in methane such as bio-methane, nitrogen, oxygen, argon and their derivatives. mixtures.
• the cooling circuit contains a cooling fluid selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, argon, neon, helium, and mixtures thereof.
• the bypass line comprises an end end comprising a connection intended to be connected to a separate container.
• the bypass line preferably comprises a valve, in particular an isolation valve.
• the invention also relates to a method of using an installation according to the invention for a liquefied gas, for example a liquefied natural gas, the process comprising at least the following steps: at least partially receiving liquefied gas from a separate container independent of the installation according to the invention via the connecting line fluidly connecting the at least one tank to the remote container, separate and independent of the installation,
• the method comprises a transfer step carried out after the injection of the cooled liquefied gas, the transfer step of transferring at least a portion of the cooled liquefied gas to at least one remote, separate container and independent of said installation by means of the injection pipe and the bypass pipe of the installation.
• the transfer of the liquefied gas can be partial or total depending on the number of tanks of the installation and the amount of cooled liquefied gas required.
• the installation used comprises at least two tanks configured to contain liquefied gas, said method according to the invention being implemented during a journey in which the tanks are full.
• At least one tank can be empty (empty or almost empty of liquid).
• the method comprises an additional step of cooling the at least one empty tank of the installation or one or more other empty containers of at least one other installation, the delivery step in cold consisting of:
• the installation comprises at least two tanks, one of which is empty and the other of which is not empty, to transfer cooled liquefied gas remaining in the non-empty tank to the empty tank. That is to say, in particular for a route of the installation (on a boat), instead of keeping one or more empty tanks, liquefied gas is transferred from a non-empty tank to one or several other empty tanks especially to keep them cold.
• this cooling step is performed after an unloading of liquefied gas and before a subsequent refilling of the tank or tanks of the installation or the container or containers of at least one other installation.
• this cooling step is performed continuously to avoid leaving empty and hot tanks and to smooth the thermal load to limit the losses associated with the final peak of vaporization of liquefied gas.
• the advantage is to keep only liquid in the tanks of a boat allowing the return trip without considering the loss of cold on arrival.
• the cold reset step is performed during a journey in which at least one of the tanks is empty.
• the subject of the present invention is also a transport vehicle, for example a transport vessel, for transporting a liquefied gas, for example a liquefied natural gas, the transport vehicle being characterized in that it comprises an installation according to the invention.
• Figure 1 is a schematic view of an installation according to a first embodiment of the invention
• Figure 2 is a schematic view of a cooling device comprising the installation of Figure 1;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an installation according to a variant of the first embodiment of the invention
• FIG. 4A is a simplified graphical representation illustrating the distribution of the consumption of vaporized natural gas on a boat as a function of time to the engine, to a torch and to a reliquefaction system according to the prior art
• FIG. 4B is a simplified graphic representation similar to that of FIG. 4A illustrating the distribution of the consumption of natural gas vaporized on a boat as a function of time towards the engine, towards a torch and towards a reliquefaction system according to an example of the 'invention.
• the installation 1 comprises a reservoir 4 comprising a lower region 4.1 intended to contain liquefied gas 2 in the liquid state and an upper region 4.2 intended to contain the vapors of the liquefied gas.
• the installation 1 comprises a cooling circuit 10, illustrated in particular in Figure 2.
• the cooling circuit 10 is located outside the tank, that is to say that the liquefied gas is cooled (only) outside the tank. That is, the liquefied gas is taken from the tank, cooled off the tank and then reinjected cooled in the tank.
• the cooling device 10 is connected to the fluid inside the tank 4 via a sampling line which plunges into the tank.
• the tank 4 is equipped with a pump 22 which makes it possible to bring the liquefied gas in the liquid state into the cooling circuit so as to cool it and at least one injection member 20 which makes it possible to reinject the gas
• the injection member comprises a return line which connects the cooling device (external to the tank) with the interior of the tank 4 and comprises the injection member 20.
• the injection member 20 may comprise a plurality of nozzles.
• the installation 1 comprises a connection line 31 configured to convey gas to liquified from at least one remote container 100, separate and independent of the installation 1 to the tank of the installation.
• the installation 1 comprises an injection pipe 30 fluidly connecting the cooling circuit and the injection member 20, and at least one bypass line 32 connected to the injection pipe 30 and intended to transfer a portion of the liquefied gas 2 cooled to a container (not shown) remote, distinct and independent of the installation 1.
• This tank 4 of the same or another installation may be fed liquefied gas via the bypass line 32 and a respective injection member 20 where appropriate.
• bypass line 32 and the connection line 31 can be installed on the same installation.
• the cooling circuit 10 is closed and autonomous and is configured to be supplied with liquefied gas 2 in the liquid state coming from the tank 4.
• the cooling circuit 10 comprises at least one compressor 12 configured to compress a cycle gas 3, at least one engine 14, at least one turbine 18, and at least one first heat exchanger 16 configured to perform a heat exchange between liquefied gas 2 and the gas cycle.
• the motor 14 being mechanically connected on the one hand to the compressor 12 in order to drive the compressor 12 and on the other hand to the turbine 18 so that the turbine 18 drives the motor 14.
• the cooling circuit 10 further comprises a second heat exchanger 24 configured to effect a heat exchange between the compressed cycle gas 3 and the relaxed cycle gas 3, as illustrated in FIG. 2.
• the cooling circuit 10 further comprises a third heat exchanger 26 configured to effect a heat exchange between the compressed cycle gas 3 and water or air or any other cooling fluid from an external source.
• one or tanks 4 contains liquefied natural gas on a vehicle, including a boat
• the natural gas that vaporizes can be used as a fuel for a vehicle engine and the excess gas is burned in a torch for example .
• Figure 4A shows the distribution of consumption (y-axis y in tonnes per day) of vaporized natural gas on a vessel as a function of time (x-axis x) to the engine (C: part with horizontal hatch), to the torch (A: part with inclined hatching) and towards the reliquefaction system (B: part without hatching) for a known installation.
• Figure 4B illustrates the distribution of the consumption in tonnes per day (y-axis) of natural gas vaporized on a vessel as a function of time (x-axis) to the engine (C), to the torch (A) and to the fuel system. reliquefaction (B) for the installation according to the invention. It can be seen that, according to the known installation (FIG. 4A), losses of vaporized gas persist at the end of the journey because the engines and the installation are not sized to recover this gas. While in Figure 4B, thanks to the installation according to the invention, there is no peak at the end of the journey, the losses are minimal thanks to the system of cooling tanks.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
• Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-09-06 FR FR1658258A patent/FR3055692B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-07-19 AU AU2017324488A patent/AU2017324488B2/en active Active
  • 2017-07-19 EP EP17748836.8A patent/EP3510317B1/de active Active
  • 2017-07-19 CA CA3035849A patent/CA3035849C/en active Active
  • 2017-07-19 ES ES17748836T patent/ES2935644T3/es active Active
  • 2017-07-19 WO PCT/FR2017/051964 patent/WO2018046809A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2017-07-19 DK DK17748836.8T patent/DK3510317T3/da active
  • 2017-07-19 US US16/330,975 patent/US11549646B2/en active Active
  • 2017-07-19 KR KR1020197009337A patent/KR102370344B1/ko active Active
  • 2017-07-19 CN CN201780062863.3A patent/CN109906337B/zh active Active
  • 2017-07-19 JP JP2019512723A patent/JP7110179B2/ja active Active

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