EP3512023B1 - Polymerfestelektrolyt und lithiumsekundärbatterie damit - Google Patents

Polymerfestelektrolyt und lithiumsekundärbatterie damit Download PDF

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EP3512023B1
EP3512023B1 EP18783779.4A EP18783779A EP3512023B1 EP 3512023 B1 EP3512023 B1 EP 3512023B1 EP 18783779 A EP18783779 A EP 18783779A EP 3512023 B1 EP3512023 B1 EP 3512023B1
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solid electrolyte
polymer solid
lithium
polymer
electrolyte
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French (fr)
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EP3512023A1 (de
EP3512023A4 (de
Inventor
Seungha KIM
Youngcheol CHOI
Jonghyun CHAE
Kyoung Hoon Kim
Yeonju LEE
Daeil Kim
Lucia Kim
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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LG Energy Solution Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C309/00—Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof
    • C07C309/63—Esters of sulfonic acids
    • C07C309/64—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C309/65—Esters of sulfonic acids having sulfur atoms of esterified sulfo groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of a saturated carbon skeleton
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom
    • C07D333/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings not substituted on the ring sulphur atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D333/30—Hetero atoms other than halogen
    • C07D333/36—Nitrogen atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D333/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D333/46—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom
    • C07D333/48—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings substituted on the ring sulfur atom by oxygen atoms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0088—Composites
    • H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the organic compound content may be from 0.1% by weight to 20% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 15% by weight and more preferably from 8% by weight to 13% by weight based on a total weight of the polymer solid electrolyte.
  • the content is less than the above-mentioned range, a film is difficult to form in the positive electrode lowering stability at the positive electrode interface, and when the content is greater than the above-mentioned range, ion conductivity may decrease.
  • the lithium salt is favorably included in 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably in 15% by weight to 25% by weight and more preferably in 17% by weight to 23% by weight in the whole polymer solid electrolyte.
  • the lithium salt content is less than the above-mentioned range, lithium ion conductivity is not readily secured.
  • the content being greater than the above-mentioned range is uneconomical since a significant increase is not obtained in the effect, and therefore, the content is properly selected in the above-mentioned range.
  • Examples of the film molding method may comprise any proper film molding method such as a solution casting method, a melt extrusion method, a calendar method or a compression molding method. Among these film molding methods, a solution casting method or a melt extrusion method is preferred.
  • film drying may be additionally carried out.
  • the drying may vary depending on each constituent, the organic solvent type and the content ratio, but is preferably carried out for 30 seconds to 15 minutes at 60°C to 100°C.
  • melt extrusion method may comprise a T die method, an inflation method and the like.
  • the molding temperature is preferably from 150°C to 350°C and more preferably from 200°C to 300°C.
  • a T-die When molding the film using the T-die method, a T-die is installed on the fore-end of a known monoaxial extruder or a biaxial extruder, and a roll-shaped film may be obtained by winding the film extruded in a film shape.
  • the heat melting may go through processes of first heat melting, filtering filter passing and second heat melting in consecutive order.
  • the heat melted temperature during the melt extrusion may be from 170°C to 320°C and preferably from 200°C to 300°C.
  • at least one or more metal drums maintaining at 70°C to 140°C may be used for cooling and solidifying.
  • extrusion may be carried out under the above-described temperature condition or at a lower temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view illustrating a lithium secondary battery (10) of the present invention.
  • the lithium secondary battery (10) comprises a positive electrode (11), a negative electrode (15) and an electrolyte provided therebetween, and herein, a polymer solid electrolyte (13) is used as the electrolyte, and the polymer solid electrolyte provided above is used as the polymer solid electrolyte (13).
  • the electrolyte (13) may further comprise materials used for this purpose.
  • organic solid electrolyte may comprise those mixing a lithium salt to a polymer-based material such as polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphoric acid ester polymers, polyagitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • a polymer-based material such as polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphoric acid ester polymers, polyagitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol or polyvinylidene fluoride.
  • these may be used either alone or as a combination of at least one or more.
  • types of the negative electrode current collector or the negative electrode compound layer are not particularly limited in the present invention, and known materials may be used.
  • the negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long it has conductivity without inducing chemical changes to the corresponding battery, and for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, baked carbon, copper or stainless steel of which surface is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like, aluminum-cadmium alloys and the like may be used.
  • the negative electrode current collector may be used in various forms such as films, sheets, foil, nets, porous bodies, foams and non-woven fabrics with micro-unevenness formed on the surface.
  • metal composite oxides such as SnxMe 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of Groups 1, 2 and 3 in the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1; 1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 ⁇ z ⁇ 8); oxides such as SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO2 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 and Bi 2 O 5 , and the like, may be used, and carbon-based negative electrode active materials such as crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon or carbon composites may be used either alone or as a mixture of two or more types.
  • the binder resin is used for binding of the electrode active material and the conductor, and for binding on the current collector.
  • a binder resin may comprise polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyvinyl alcohol, carboxylmethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, an ethylene-propylene-diene polymer (EPDM), a sulfonated-EPDM, styrene-butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, various copolymers thereof, and the like.
  • PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
  • CMC carboxylmethylcellulose
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene polymer
  • sulfonated-EPDM styrene-butadiene rubber
  • fluorine rubber various copolymers thereof, and the like.
  • the conductor is used for further enhancing conductivity of the electrode active material.
  • a conductor is not particularly limited as long it has conductivity without inducing chemical changes to the corresponding battery, and examples thereof may comprise graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; carbon black such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black or thermal black; conductive fibers such as carbon fiber or metal fibers; fluorinated carbon, aluminum, metal powders such as nickel powder; conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide or potassium titanate; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; polyphenylene derivatives, and the like.
  • the filler is optionally used as a component suppressing electrode expansion, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without inducing chemical changes to the corresponding battery.
  • olefin-based polymers such as polyethylene or polypropylene
  • fibrous materials such as glass fiber or carbon fiber are used.
  • the shape of the lithium secondary battery (10) described above is not particularly limited, and examples thereof may comprise a jelly-roll type, a stack type, a stack-folding type (comprising a stack-Z-folding type), or a lamination-stack type, and may preferably comprise a stack-folding type.
  • the lithium secondary battery (10) may be classified into various batteries such as a lithium-sulfur battery, a lithium-air battery, a lithium-oxide battery or a lithium all solid-state battery, and depending on the shape, may be classified into a cylinder type, a square-type, a coin-type, a pouch-type and the like, and depending on the size, may be classified into a bulk type and a thin-film type. Structures and manufacturing methods of these batteries are widely known in the art, and therefore, detailed descriptions will not be included.
  • the lithium secondary battery (10) may be used as a power supply of devices requiring high capacity and high rate properties.
  • the device may comprise power tools operated through receiving electric power by a battery motor; electric vehicles including electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and the like; electric two-wheeled vehicles including e-bikes and e-scooters; electric golf carts; systems for power storage and the like, but are not limited thereto.
  • FIGs. 2a to 2c are mimetic diagrams of a cell manufactured for evaluating a degree of electrolyte components reaching a positive electrode surface using molecular dynamics.
  • a cell (100) was formed by fixing an anion of a lithium salt (PF 6 - ), an electrolytic solution (EC & EMC) and an additive so as not to escape through disposing two layers of graphite (G+, G-) as an electrode on both ends to mimic the electrode ( Vatamanu et al, JPCC, 2012, 1114 ).
  • PF 6 - lithium salt
  • EMC electrolytic solution
  • G+, G- graphite
  • FIG. 5 is a result measuring the HOMO energy level for the additive used in preparing each of the polymer solid electrolytes in Examples 6 to 10.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Claims (8)

  1. Polymerer Festelektrolyt, umfassend:
    ein Polymer für einen Elektrolyten;
    ein Lithiumsalz; und
    ein Additiv,
    wobei das Additiv eine organische Verbindung ist, die eine oder mehrere Arten ist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Verbindungen, die durch die folgende Chemische Formel 1 dargestellt sind; Verbindungen, die durch die folgende Chemische Formel 2 dargestellt sind; Verbindungen, die durch die folgende Chemische Formel 3 dargestellt sind; Verbindungen, die durch die folgende Chemische Formel 4 dargestellt sind; und Verbindungen, die durch die folgende Chemische Formel 5 dargestellt sind:
    Figure imgb0020
    Figure imgb0021
    Figure imgb0022
    Figure imgb0023
    Figure imgb0024
    Figure imgb0025
  2. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Additiv in einer Menge von 0,1 Gew.-% bis 20 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des polymeren Festelektrolyten, eingeschlossen ist.
  3. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer für einen Elektrolyten ein oder mehrere Arten ist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Polyethylenoxid (PEO), Polyethylencarbonat (PEC), Polypropylencarbonat (PPC), Poly(vinylidenfluorid) (PVDF), Poly(ethylenglykol) (PEG), Polyphenylensulfid (PPS) und Derivaten davon.
  4. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Polymer für einen Elektrolyten in einer Menge von 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des polymeren Festelektrolyten, eingeschlossen ist.
  5. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Lithiumsalz ein oder mehrere Arten ist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO4, LiBF4, LiB10Cl10, LiPF6, LiAsF6, LiSbF6, LiAlCl4, LiSCN, Li(FSO2)2N LiCF3CO2, LiCH3SO3, LiCF3SO3, LiN (SO2CF3)2, LiTFSI, LiFSI, LiOH, LiOHH2O, LiBOB, LiN (SO2C2F5)2, LiC4F9SO3, LiC (CF3SO2)3, (CF3SO2)2NLi, LiOH·H2O, LiB(C2O4)2, Chlorboran-Lithium, niedere aliphatische Carbonsäure-Lithium, Lithiumtetraphenylborat und Lithiumimid.
  6. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Lithiumsalz in einer Menge von 10 Gew.-% bis 30 Gew.-%, bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht des polymeren Festelektrolyten, eingeschlossen ist.
  7. Polymerer Festelektrolyt nach Anspruch 1, der ferner ein organisches Lösungsmittel umfasst,
    wobei das organische Lösungsmittel eine oder mehrere Arten ist, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe bestehend aus 4-Acetylmorpholin, 2-Methylpyridin-1-oxid, 2-Pyrrolidon, 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-pyrrolidon, Propylencarbonat (PC), Ethylencarbonat (EC), 2-Oxepanon, Butanon, 2-Pentanon und Methylethylketon (MEK).
  8. Lithium-Sekundärbatterie, umfassend den polymeren Festelektrolyten nach mindestens einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7.
EP18783779.4A 2017-04-14 2018-04-13 Polymerfestelektrolyt und lithiumsekundärbatterie damit Active EP3512023B1 (de)

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PCT/KR2018/004316 WO2018190665A1 (ko) 2017-04-14 2018-04-13 고분자 고체 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지

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KR20180116148A (ko) 2018-10-24
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CN109863634A (zh) 2019-06-07
EP3512023A1 (de) 2019-07-17
CN109863634B (zh) 2022-04-05
EP3512023A4 (de) 2019-08-07
US20190280332A1 (en) 2019-09-12
KR102160709B1 (ko) 2020-09-28
US10886563B2 (en) 2021-01-05

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