EP3523018B1 - Éléments composés d'épaisseur réduite pour mélangeur statique - Google Patents

Éléments composés d'épaisseur réduite pour mélangeur statique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3523018B1
EP3523018B1 EP17777065.8A EP17777065A EP3523018B1 EP 3523018 B1 EP3523018 B1 EP 3523018B1 EP 17777065 A EP17777065 A EP 17777065A EP 3523018 B1 EP3523018 B1 EP 3523018B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mixing element
mixing
static mixer
webs
opening angle
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EP17777065.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3523018A1 (fr
Inventor
Udo DÜNGER
Thomas König
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Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B01F25/43161—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod composed of consecutive sections of flat pieces of material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/4316—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor the baffles being flat pieces of material, e.g. intermeshing, fixed to the wall or fixed on a central rod
    • B01F25/43162—Assembled flat elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431973—Mounted on a support member extending transversally through the mixing tube
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
    • B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/431974—Support members, e.g. tubular collars, with projecting baffles fitted inside the mixing tube or adjacent to the inner wall
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2101/00—Mixing characterised by the nature of the mixed materials or by the application field
    • B01F2101/2805—Mixing plastics, polymer material ingredients, monomers or oligomers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0422—Numerical values of angles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0427—Numerical distance values, e.g. separation, position
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
    • B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
    • B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
    • B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to mixing elements with reduced overall depth for static mixers, static mixers comprising at least two mixing elements with reduced overall depth, and a method for mixing fluids by means of a mixing element with reduced overall depth or a static mixer comprising at least two mixing elements with reduced overall depth.
  • the viscosities of such highly viscous fluids are usually in the range from 0.1 to 10,000 Pas, measured using commercially available viscometers known to those skilled in the art, such as capillary, plate-cone or plate-plate viscometers. If the viscosity of a fluid is independent of shear, it is called a Newtonian fluid. If the viscosity of a fluid depends on shear, it is called a non-Newtonian fluid. If the viscosity of a fluid decreases with increasing shear, it is said to be a shear-thinning fluid. If the viscosity of a fluid increases with increasing viscosity, it is referred to as a shear-thickening fluid.
  • a brief overview of the rheological properties of polymer melts can be found, for example, in " Kohlgrüber: The co-rotating twin-screw extruder, Hanser-Verlag, 2007", Chapter 3, pages 37 to 57 .
  • the static mixers are made up of several mixing elements, for example. These mixing elements are usually designed in one piece and can have an outer sleeve into which one or more cross braces are introduced.
  • These transverse struts essentially have the shape of an elongated body, for example an elongated cuboid, cylinder or an elongated body with a triangular, elliptical or other type of base, which is introduced into the outer sleeve with the long side, i.e. the length of the transverse strut, perpendicular to the main flow direction and at in which one of the two shorter sides, i.e. the width of the cross brace, is at right angles to the long side and at right angles to the main direction of flow.
  • the thickness of the cross strut i.e. the thickness of the cross strut, extends at right angles to the width of the cross strut, but parallel to the main direction of flow. If there is more than one transverse strut, these are arranged parallel to one another in two planes, viewed in the main direction of flow. At least one web extends from these one or more crossbars on each side of the respective crossbar to the inner surface of the outer sleeve and/or to the nearest crossbar, such that the width of the openings through the webs in the free cross-section of the static mixer is equal to the width of the lands.
  • the webs also essentially have the shape of an elongated body, for example an elongated cuboid, cylinder or an elongated body with a triangular, elliptical or other type of base.
  • the webs go essentially at right angles with their long side, ie the web length, from the cross brace.
  • the extent of the side of the ridges facing the flow of fluid is the ridge width
  • the extent of the ridges perpendicular to both the ridge length and the ridge width is the ridge thickness.
  • the outer sleeve serves on the one hand to enable the mixing element to be inserted into a pipe, for example, without tilting, and on the other hand to increase the mechanical strength of the mixing element.
  • the sleeve can also be dispensed with if the transverse struts and webs withstand the expected mechanical load and are suitably connected to one another or are placed one on top of the other in such a way that they do not slip.
  • Such conventional mixing elements are known, inter alia, from Lars Frye "Characterization of static mixers for highly viscous single-phase media", diploma thesis, University of Düsseldorf (TH), Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Department, February 1999; see in particular pp. 6 and 7 and Figs. 2.7 and 2.8 .
  • the mixing elements are installed in a 4+4 arrangement, i.e. four mixing elements arranged directly one behind the other are arranged as described above, wherein the second four mixing elements are immediately adjacent to the first four mixing elements, but the second four mixing elements are rotated through 90° with respect to the first four mixing elements in the plane normal to the main flow direction.
  • a 4+4 arrangement i.e. four mixing elements arranged directly one behind the other are arranged as described above, wherein the second four mixing elements are immediately adjacent to the first four mixing elements, but the second four mixing elements are rotated through 90° with respect to the first four mixing elements in the plane normal to the main flow direction.
  • 2+2, 2+3, 3+2, 3+3, 3+4, 4+3 or any other arrangement is also possible.
  • Arrangements of at least two mixing elements arranged directly one behind the other are also called static mixers.
  • the number of mixing elements is preferably a multiple of 3.
  • the number of mixing elements is preferably a multiple of 4.
  • the number of Mixing elements preferred x.
  • the number of mixing elements is preferably a multiple of x+y, where x and y are identical or different integers greater than or equal to 2 in each case.
  • a static mixer which consists of a tubular housing and contains at least one mixing element arranged therein.
  • the mixing element consists of intersecting bars which are at an angle to the pipe axis.
  • the bars of the mixing elements are arranged in at least two groups. The ridges within each group are essentially parallel. The webs of one group intersect with the webs of the other group.
  • DE4428813A1 shows a static mixer, which in contrast to DE2943688A1 has intersecting webs that overlap in the area of the crossing points. This local widening of the ridges in the DE4428813A1 are formed as sheet steel rods, serves to reinforce and / or to form a form-fitting connection of adjacent webs. A groove is cut into the extension, which accommodates an adjacent sheet steel bar.
  • EP0856353A1 shows a module that is part of a static mixer that is provided for a residence time-critical, plastically flowable mixture.
  • the device comprises a tubular housing in which webs are arranged. The webs are inclined towards the longitudinal axis of the housing; they essentially intersect on a straight line perpendicular to the longitudinal axis.
  • the module includes a sleeve that can be pushed into the housing.
  • the inner wall of the static mixer which conducts the material to be mixed, is formed by the inner sides of the sleeve.
  • the webs are dome-shaped, each with an apex pointing against the direction of movement of the material to be mixed and a base fastened to the inside of the sleeve. Each apex forms a space with respect to the inner wall of the device.
  • EP0526393A discloses a mixing element according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a proposal for improving the mixing elements is, for example, in WO2009000642A1 disclosed.
  • the WO2009000642A1 discloses mixing elements in which there are at least partial gaps between adjacent webs. In this way, an improvement in the mixing result is to be achieved while at the same time reducing the pressure loss during the mixing process.
  • the reduction in pressure loss can advantageously be achieved by reducing the specific effect of the mixing element or static mixer.
  • the specific effect is a dimensionless index for describing mixing elements and static mixers, in which the pressure loss in the mixing element or static mixer and the residence time of the fluid in the mixing element or static mixer are included in the numerator and the viscosity of the fluid is included in the denominator.
  • Detailed explanations of the specific effect can be found in Dolling, E.: “On the presentation of mixing processes in highly viscous liquids", dissertation RWTH Aachen, 1971.
  • Pressure loss and residence time are inversely proportional to each other with Newtonian behavior of the flow, i.e. the product of the two variables is constant for one and the same mixer under otherwise identical conditions.
  • the residence time is the quotient of the free volume of the mixing element or static mixer and the volume flow through the mixer.
  • a further technical task can be to accomplish a given mixing task with as little pressure loss as possible with the apparatus size and dwell time specified for quality and plant reasons, in order to save energy.
  • both the fluid and thus its viscosity and the volume flow for example due to the size of the plant and production requirements, and thus also in a tube in which the mixing element or the static mixer is located , are fixed, the specific effect can only be reduced by increasing the free volume of the mixer or static mixing element.
  • this increased the residence time of the fluid in the mixer which is undesirable since a longer residence time, for example in the production of polymers, generally leads to a deterioration in the quality of the polymers.
  • a larger free volume of a mixing element or static mixer can often only be achieved by a larger diameter of the mixing element or static mixer with an otherwise identical geometry. This in turn has the disadvantages that the pipe into which the mixing element or the static mixer is installed has to be designed to be larger and therefore more expensive, and that changing from the production of one polymer to the production of another polymer is made more difficult.
  • the mixing result can be evaluated, for example, by measuring a concentration distribution at the outlet from the static mixers.
  • concentration distribution is often summarized to form an integral mixing quality. gives an overview" Kohlgrüber: The co-rotating twin-screw extruder, Hanser-Verlag, 2007" in Chapter 9 on pages 184 to 188 .
  • a mixing element which has at least one crossbar from which at least three webs extend at right angles to the longest extent of the crossbar, with at least one web of these at least three webs alternating with at least two webs with respect to the longest extent of the crossbar and the webs lying on opposite sides of the transverse strut enclose an angle (aperture angle O) of 60° to 120°, preferably 75° to 105°, particularly preferably 85° to 95°, in particular 90°, characterized in that that the thickness of the cross brace (dQ) at its thickest point corresponds to 0.9 to 1.1 times the thickness of the webs (dS) multiplied by the cosine of half the opening angle O divided by the sine of the full opening angle O, i.e.
  • the thickness dQ of the cross strut is preferred over a continuous distance including the middle of the cross strut length of 90%, preferably over 95%, particularly preferably over 98%, very particularly preferably over 99% of the cross strut length with a maximum deviation of 5% a maximum of 2%, particularly preferably a maximum of 1%.
  • At least the side of a cross strut (cross strut side) that faces away from the webs has the shape of a rectangle, with this rectangle lying at right angles to the main direction of flow of the fluids.
  • the thickness of the webs (dS) is preferably 0.01 to 0.07, preferably 0.015 to 0.06 and very particularly preferably 0.02 to 0.05 times the diameter of the mixing element at right angles to the main flow direction.
  • the mixing element according to the invention can have a sleeve. If the mixing element according to the invention has a sleeve, the outer surfaces of the cross braces and the end faces of the sleeve lie in one plane.
  • the reduced pressure loss saves energy that has to be used to generate the pressure, and on the other hand, the reduced pressure loss leads to a lower temperature rise during the mixing process. This in turn reduces temperature-related damage to the fluid to be mixed or to the fluids to be mixed with one another. In addition, in the case of a higher pressure loss, greater expenditure on equipment must be made, for example in the form of more powerful pumps and thicker walls.
  • the pressure loss through the mixing element according to the invention can be additionally reduced with the same or better mixing result if the width of the opening between two adjacent webs in the main flow direction, which are on the same side of the crossbar from which they depart, is larger is than the width of a ridge. In this case, this web width of these two webs is essentially the same.
  • the mixing element according to the invention is additionally advantageous in that it has a smaller overall depth than a comparable mixing element from the prior art.
  • a mixing element according to the invention has an overall depth that is twice the thickness of the transverse strut. With an opening angle ⁇ of 90° and a normal ratio of the diameter of the static mixer to the thickness of the web of 20:1, this can result in a construction depth that is about 20% less.
  • the space saving resulting from this is technically desirable, in particular because, as a rule, not only one mixing element according to the invention, but many mixing elements according to the invention are installed in a pipe through which the fluids to be mixed flow. Analogously to the static mixers from the prior art already described above, these then form a static mixer according to the invention.
  • the smaller overall depth of the mixing element according to the invention results in a shorter dwell time of the fluid to be mixed or of the fluids to be mixed with one another in the mixing element. This in turn reduces the thermal loads and thus in turn temperature-related damage to the fluid to be mixed or to the fluids to be mixed with one another.
  • the mechanical strength of the static mixer according to the invention made up of the at least two mixing elements according to the invention is in comparison to a static mixer, which is made up of the same number of conventional mixing elements in the same arrangement as the mixing elements according to the invention, is not reduced in the direction of flow, but even increased, while it remains at least the same in the other directions.
  • the cut surfaces of the imaginary extensions of the outer contours of the webs in the area of the cross section of a cross brace form a rhombus, the cut being made at right angles to the length of the cross brace and at right angles to the width of the cross brace, i.e. parallel to the cross brace thickness (dQ).
  • this rhombus is a square.
  • This arrangement according to the invention has the effect that there is a uniform flow of forces.
  • the flow of forces through the webs are transmitted directly from a mixing element according to the invention to the following mixing element according to the invention without deflection, whereby moments at the transition between web and cross brace and the additional shear stresses associated therewith are avoided.
  • this increases the strength.
  • Further advantages of the mixing element according to the invention and the static mixer according to the invention are the saving of material in the manufacture of the mixer and that increased throughput can be tolerated.
  • the mixing elements according to the invention When using the mixing elements according to the invention, there is no need to fear that a mixing element according to the invention or a static mixer made up of at least two mixing elements according to the invention will be compressed under the load of the flowing fluid.
  • the mixing element according to the invention is suitable for higher loads than a corresponding mixing element from the prior art and a static mixer constructed from at least two mixing elements according to the invention is suitable for higher loads than a corresponding static mixer from the prior art.
  • the advantages of the mixing element according to the invention become apparent when the at least two mixing elements according to the invention are directly adjacent and a mixing element according to the invention is rotated by 180° relative to the respective adjacent mixing element about its axis perpendicular to the main flow direction and parallel to the transverse struts, so that the transverse strut sides of the mixing elements , which are turned away from the webs of the respective mixing element, lie directly on top of each other and touch each other over their entire surface.
  • the advantages of the mixing element according to the invention are particularly evident when at least two of the mixing elements according to the invention form a static mixer, ie when the static mixer is made up exclusively of the mixing elements according to the invention.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a static mixer comprising at least two mixing elements according to the invention.
  • the subject of the present invention is also a static mixer which is constructed exclusively from the mixing elements according to the invention.
  • One or more or all of the mixing elements according to the invention may or may not have a sleeve.
  • the static mixer according to the invention can also have a sleeve or not.
  • Such a sleeve can have marking grooves or marking pins on the outside, which make it difficult or prevent incorrect installation or assembly of the mixing element or the static mixer in a pipe through which the fluids to be mixed flow.
  • Another object of the present invention is also a method for mixing fluids using a mixing element according to the invention.
  • a further subject matter of the present invention is also a method for mixing using a static mixer according to the invention.
  • Fluids which can advantageously be mixed using a mixing element according to the invention or a static mixer according to the invention are the polymer melts already mentioned at the outset or other fluids with a viscosity of 0.1 to 10,000 Pas.
  • a mixing element according to the invention or a static mixer according to the invention can also be used to mix, for example, a polymer melt with another polymer melt to which additives have been added, or to mix a polymer melt with a solvent. This process takes place, for example, in the production of polymers or mixtures of polymers.
  • the mixing element according to the invention and the static mixer according to the invention also serve to produce polymers and mixtures of polymers and polymer solutions.
  • the components to be mixed can form a homogeneous mixture (no phase boundary between the components can be observed) or a disperse mixture (phase boundary between the components can be observed). If a component is dispersed, this disperse phase can be solid, liquid or gaseous.
  • the components to be mixed can have the same viscosity or different viscosities. Viscosity ratios can be as high as 1 in 10,000.
  • the proportions, in the case of solids and liquids in parts by weight, in the case of gases in parts by volume, are from 0.1 to 99.9% to 50 to 50%, preferably 3 to 97% to 15 to 85% the polymer melts are a melt of a thermoplastic polymer or melts of several thermoplastic polymers.
  • a thermoplastic polymer is also referred to below for short as a thermoplastic.
  • thermoplastic polymers from the series comprising polycarbonate, polyamide, polyester, in particular polybutylene terephthalate or polyethylene terephthalate, polyether, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyacetal, fluoropolymer, in particular polyvinylidene fluoride, polyether sulfones, polyolefin, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene , Polyimide, polyacrylate, in particular poly(methyl) methacrylate, polyphenylene oxide, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, polyaryl ether ketone, styrene polymers, in particular polystyrene, styrene copolymers, in particular styrene acrylonitrile copolymer, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene block copolymers or polyvinyl chloride processed.
  • blends of the listed polymers are also preferably processed with a mixing element according to the invention or with a static mixer according to the invention, by which the person skilled in the art understands a combination of two or more polymers.
  • a mixing element according to the invention or with a static mixer according to the invention, by which the person skilled in the art understands a combination of two or more polymers.
  • Particular preference is given to polycarbonate and blends containing polycarbonate, with the polycarbonate being very particularly preferably obtained by the phase interface process or the melt transesterification process.
  • polymer solutions which can be processed as products using a mixing element according to the invention or using a static mixer according to the invention are rubbers or thermoplastics with their monomers and/or solvents.
  • solutions of polymers are preferably selected from the series comprising styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with styrene, acrylonitrile and/or ethylbenzene, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene block copolymers with styrene, acrylonitrile, butadiene and/or ethylbenzene, polycarbonate with chlorobenzene and/or methylene chloride, Polyamide processed with caprolactam or water, polyoxymethylene with formaldehyde, poly(methyl) methacrylate with methyl methacrylate and polyethylene with hexane or cyclohexane.
  • a mixing element according to the invention or a static mixer according to the invention are rubbers or thermoplastics with their monomers and
  • polycarbonates are both homopolycarbonates and copolycarbonates and/or polyester carbonates; the polycarbonates can be linear or branched in a known manner. Mixtures of polycarbonates are also meant according to the invention.
  • the polycarbonates can be prepared in a known manner from diphenols, carbonic acid derivatives, optionally chain terminators and branching agents. Details of the manufacture of polycarbonates have been well known to those skilled in the art for at least about 40 years. An example is here Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Polymer Reviews, Volume 9, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Sydney 1964 , on D. Freitag, U. Grigo, PR Müller, H. Nouvertné, BAYER AG, Polycarbonates in Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Engineering, Volume 11, Second Edition, 1988, pages 648-718 and finally up U. Grigo, K. Kirchner and PR Müller Polycarbonate in Becker/Braun, Kunststoff-Handbuch, Volume 31, Polycarbonate, Polyacetal, Polyester, Celluloseester, Carl Hanser Verlag Kunststoff, Vienna 1992, pages 117-299 referred.
  • Aromatic polycarbonates are produced, for example, by reacting diphenols with carbonic acid halides, preferably phosgene, and/or with aromatic dicarboxylic acid dihalides, preferably benzenedicarboxylic acid dihalides, by the phase interface process, optionally using chain terminators and optionally using trifunctional or more than trifunctional branching agents.
  • diphenols suitable for producing the polycarbonates are hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis(hydroxyphenyl)alkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl)cycloalkanes, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis(hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis( hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis(hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, ⁇ , ⁇ '-bis(hydroxyphenyl)diisopropylbenzenes, phthalimidines derived from isatin or phenolphthalein derivatives and their nucleus-alkylated, nucleus-arylated and nucleus-halogenated compounds.
  • Preferred diphenols are 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), 2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis- (4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, dimethyl bisphenol A, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, 2 ,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, 2,4-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4- hydroxyphenyl)-2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-p-diisopropylbenzene and 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.
  • diphenols are 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A), 2,2-bis(3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 1,1-bis(4 -hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and dimethyl bisphenol A.
  • diphenols are, for example, in US-A 3,028,635 , US-A 2,999,825 , US-A 3,148,172 , US-A 2,991,273 , US-A 3,271,367 , US-A 4,982,014 and US-A 2,999,846 , in DE-A 1 570 703 , DE-A 2063 050 , DE-A 2 036 052 , DE-A 2 211 956 and DE-A 3 832 396 , in FR-A 1 561 518 , in the Monograph H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964 as in JP-A 62039/1986 , JP-A 62040/1986 and JP-A 105550/1986 described.
  • Suitable carbonic acid derivatives are phosgene or diphenyl carbonate.
  • Suitable chain terminators that can be used in the production of the polycarbonates are monophenols.
  • suitable monophenols are phenol itself, alkylphenols such as cresols, p-tert-butylphenol, cumylphenol and mixtures thereof.
  • Preferred chain terminators are the phenols which are mono- or polysubstituted by linear or branched C 1 - to C 30 -alkyl radicals, preferably unsubstituted, or substituted by tert-butyl. Particularly preferred chain terminators are phenol, cumylphenol and/or p-tert-butylphenol.
  • the amount of chain terminator to be used is preferably 0.1 to 5 mol% based on Moles of diphenols used in each case.
  • the chain terminators can be added before, during or after the reaction with a carbonic acid derivative.
  • Suitable branching agents are the trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds known in polycarbonate chemistry, in particular those having three or more than three phenolic OH groups.
  • branching agents are 1,3,5-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)benzene, 1,1,1-tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane, tri-(4-hydroxyphenyl)phenylmethane, 2,4- bis-(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)-phenol, 2,6-bis-(2-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-4-methylphenol, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -propane, tetra-(4-hydroxyphenyl)methane, tetra-(4-(4-hydroxyphenylisopropyl)phenoxy)methane and 1,4-bis-((4',4-dihydroxytriphenyl)methyl)benzene and 3,3-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole.
  • the amount of any branching agent to be used is preferably 0.05 mol % to 3 mol %, based on moles of diphenols used in each case.
  • the branching agents can either be initially introduced with the diphenols and the chain terminators in the aqueous-alkaline phase or, dissolved in an organic solvent, can be added before the phosgenation. In the case of the transesterification process, the branching agents are used together with the diphenols.
  • Particularly preferred polycarbonates are the homopolycarbonate based on bisphenol A, the homopolycarbonate based on 1,3-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane and the copolycarbonates based on the two monomers bisphenol A and 1,1 -bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane.
  • thermoplastic based on the weight of the thermoplastic, up to 50.0% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 40% by weight, particularly preferably 0.10 to 30.0% by weight, of other customary additives can optionally be present.
  • This group includes flame retardants, anti-drip agents, thermal stabilizers, mold release agents, antioxidants, UV absorbers, IR absorbers, antistatic agents, optical brighteners, light scattering agents, colorants such as pigments, including inorganic pigments, carbon black and/or dyes, and inorganic fillers in the customary for polycarbonate Amounts.
  • additives can be added individually or as a mixture.
  • Such additives as are usually added to polycarbonates, are, for example, in EP-A 0 839 623 , WO-A 96/15102 , EP-A 0 500 496 or " Plastics Additives Handbook", Hans Zweifel, 5th Edition 2000, Hanser Verlag, Münch en described.
  • the mixing elements according to the invention or static mixers according to the invention are preferably used after the last degassing stage of the polycarbonate. This is generally the case after a tubular or strand evaporator in the production of polycarbonate by the phase interface process and after a high-viscosity reactor in the production of polycarbonate by the melt polymerization process.
  • a secondary flow of polycarbonate containing no additives is fed to a main flow of unadditized polycarbonate.
  • the mixing ratio here is in a range from 99:1 to 80:20, preferably from 98:2 to 85:15, particularly preferably from 95:5 to 90:10, in each case by weight.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a method for the production of polycarbonate, in which a mixing element according to the invention is used.
  • the subject matter of the present invention is therefore also a process for the production of polycarbonate, in which a static mixer according to the invention is used.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Élément de mélange, qui comporte au moins une traverse (1.9) de laquelle partent, perpendiculairement à la plus grande dimension de la traverse, au moins trois entretoises, au moins une entretoise parmi cesdites au moins trois entretoises se trouvant en alternance, par rapport à la plus grande dimension de la traverse, avec au moins deux entretoises et les entretoises situées sur des côtés opposés de la traverse formant un angle d'ouverture O de 60° à 120°, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la traverse (dQ) en son point le plus épais correspond au maximum à 0,9 à 1,1 fois l'épaisseur de l'entretoise (dS) multiplié par le cosinus de la moitié de l'angle d'ouverture O divisé par le sinus de l'angle d'ouverture entier O, l'épaisseur de la traverse (dQ) s'étendant parallèlement à la direction du flux principal.
  2. Élément de mélange selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les entretoises situées sur des côtés opposés de la traverse forment un angle d'ouverture O de 75° à 105°, de façon particulièrement préférée de 85° à 95°, en particulier de 90°.
  3. Élément de mélange selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de la traverse (dQ) en son point le plus épais correspond à 0,95 à 1,05 fois l'épaisseur de l'entretoise (dS) multiplié par le cosinus de la moitié de l'angle d'ouverture O divisé par le sinus de l'angle d'ouverture entier O, c'est-à-dire dQ = (1 ± 0,05) * dS * cos(0,5 * O) / sin O, de façon tout particulièrement préférée 0,98 à 1,02 fois l'épaisseur de l'entretoise (dS) multiplié par le cosinus de la moitié de l'angle d'ouverture O divisé par le sinus de l'angle d'ouverture entier O, c'est-à-dire dQ = (1 ± 0,02) * dS * cos(0,5 * O) / sin O, en particulier l'épaisseur de la traverse dQ = dS * cos (0, 5 * O) / sin O.
  4. Élément de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que dans la direction du flux principal la largeur de l'ouverture (1.7) entre deux entretoises voisines, qui se trouvent du même côté de la traverse d'où elles partent, est plus grande que la largeur d'une entretoise (1.6).
  5. Élément de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une gaine.
  6. Mélangeur statique, comprenant au moins deux éléments de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
  7. Mélangeur statique selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 sont immédiatement voisins.
  8. Mélangeur statique selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué exclusivement d'éléments de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.
  9. Mélangeur statique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un élément de mélange, de préférence tous les éléments de mélange, comporte(nt) une gaine.
  10. Procédé pour le mélange de fluides, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 est utilisé.
  11. Procédé pour le mélange de fluides, caractérisé en ce qu'un mélangeur statique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9 est utilisé.
  12. Procédé pour la production de polymères ou mélanges de polymères, caractérisé en ce qu'un élément de mélange selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5 est utilisé.
  13. Procédé pour la production de polymères ou mélanges de polymères, caractérisé en ce qu'un mélangeur statique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 9 est utilisé.
EP17777065.8A 2016-10-05 2017-10-04 Éléments composés d'épaisseur réduite pour mélangeur statique Active EP3523018B1 (fr)

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EP16192324 2016-10-05
PCT/EP2017/075244 WO2018065480A1 (fr) 2016-10-05 2017-10-04 Éléments de mélange à profondeur d'encombrement réduite pour des mélangeurs statiques

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WO2018065480A1 (fr) 2018-04-12
US20190232239A1 (en) 2019-08-01
EP3523018A1 (fr) 2019-08-14
CN110022969A (zh) 2019-07-16
ES2958487T3 (es) 2024-02-09
US11273419B2 (en) 2022-03-15

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