Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
  • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
  • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2/42—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities
  • E04B2/44—Walls having cavities between, as well as in, the elements; Walls of elements each consisting of two or more parts, kept in distance by means of spacers, at least one of the parts having cavities using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position; Spacers for cavity walls
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0206—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of rectangular shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
  • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
  • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
  • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
  • E04B2002/023—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with rabbets, e.g. stepped

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of building construction, more particularly to the field of building blocks, especially inert material such as concrete.
• the published patent document WO 97/25499 A1 discloses a hollow building block and provided, on each of its upper, lower, and lateral faces, of reliefs capable of fitting each other during an assembly of several blocks. next to each other and / or on each other.
• Such blocks can be assembled “dry”, that is to say without the use of mortar.
• the cavities of the blocks are intended to be filled with cement or mortar in order to stabilize the wall thus constructed.
• Such a block is thus not suitable for an exclusively dry construction, that is to say without the addition of cement in the recesses.
• the upper block will inevitably have a deviation from the vertical. Such a deviation is likely to destabilize the wall, which is likely to cause a collapse, mainly because of the lack of resistance to dislodgment of the blocks.
• the published patent document WO 2012/160150 A1 also discloses a concrete building block intended to allow the "dry" construction of walls.
• the block comprises, similarly to the previous document, vertical portions forming transverse bosses on the upper face and recesses on the lower face. These vertical portions are located between two plates forming the main faces. These plates also comprise on the slices at the opposite lateral faces of the block of the tenon type profiles. mortise. These profiles are however very small and may cause problems in terms of manufacturing tolerances, as well as their assembly when roughness or other defects are present on these profiles.
• the invention aims to overcome at least one of the disadvantages of the state of the art mentioned above. More particularly, the invention aims to provide a building block that allows a dry assembly while ensuring sufficient stability especially for walls of a certain height.
• the invention relates to a building block of inert material, such as concrete, comprising two opposite main faces, an upper face, a lower face, and two opposite side faces, the upper and lower faces and the lateral faces having, respectively, complementary reliefs capable of fitting during a juxtaposition of several of the blocks; remarkable in that the relief of the upper face comprises two pins extending parallel and at a distance from the two main faces, respectively, and the relief of the lower face comprises two corresponding grooves extending parallel and at a distance from the two main faces, respectively.
• said block comprises recesses and continuity of the material between each of the tenons of the upper face and the corresponding groove of the lower face.
• the continuity of material advantageously has a thickness at least equal to the thickness of the corresponding post, and from the stud to the corresponding groove.
• the recesses comprise recesses extending vertically between the tenons of the upper face and the corresponding grooves of the lower face. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the recesses comprise recesses extending vertically between, on the one hand, each of the main faces and, on the other hand, the adjacent tenon of the upper face and the corresponding groove. adjacent to the underside.
• each of the tenons of the upper face has a thickness of between 10% and 17% of the width of the block.
• each of the tenons of the upper face is at a distance from the adjacent main face, which is between 20 and 25% of the width of the block.
• each of the upper and lower faces has a generally straight transverse profile on either side of the two pins of said upper face and the two grooves of said lower face, respectively.
• the transverse profile of the upper face has a horizontal central portion which is vertically recessed relative to the horizontal side portions on either side of the tenons.
• This shrinkage may be greater than or equal to 1 mm.
• each of the tenons of the upper face has a height greater than the thickness of said pin and each of the grooves of the lower face has a depth greater than the width of said groove.
• the relief of a first of the two opposite side faces comprises at least two vertically extending pins and the relief of the second of the two opposite side faces comprises at least two corresponding grooves.
• the at least two pins of the first side face comprise a central pin and two lateral tenons on either side of the central pin, and the at least two grooves of the second face.
• lateral comprise a corresponding central groove and two corresponding lateral grooves on either side of the central groove.
• the central pin of the first lateral face and the corresponding central groove of the second lateral face have a trapezoidal section.
• the central pin of the first lateral face and the corresponding central groove of the second lateral face are located transversely between the two pins of the upper face and between the two grooves of the lower face.
• the central pin of the first side face and the corresponding central groove of the second side face have a maximum width of between 25% and 30% of the width of the block.
• each of the two lateral tenons of the first lateral face is aligned with the adjacent main face, and each of the two lateral grooves of the second lateral face is aligned with the adjacent main face.
• each of the at least two pins of the first side face has a height of between 8% and 15% of the width of the block.
• the invention also relates to a building block of inert material, such as concrete, comprising two opposite main faces, an upper face, a lower face, and two opposite side faces, the upper and lower faces as well as the lateral faces having, respectively, complementary reliefs adapted to fit during a juxtaposition of several of the blocks; remarkable in that said block comprises one or more equalizing layers on the upper face and / or on the lower face, of a thickness greater than 5 mm and / or less than 40 mm and a mortar having a Young's modulus less than 4000 MPa and / or a compressive strength of less than 6 MPa.
• the mortar has a Young's modulus greater than 1000 MPa and / or a compressive strength greater than 1 MPa.
• the mortar comprises a binder, preferably based on cement, and aggregates whose average diameter is less than 50% of the thickness of the corresponding equalizing layer.
• the mortar comprises a binder, preferably cement-based, and aggregates whose average diameter is less than 1, 5mm, preferably less than 1 mm.
• the material forming a central part of the block is a concrete having a Young's modulus greater than 20,000 MPa and / or a higher compressive strength. at 20 MPa.
• the equalizing layers on the upper face are located on the tenons and / or laterally outwardly, said tenons.
• the equalizing layers on the lower face are located in the bottom of the grooves and / or laterally outwardly, said grooves.
• the equalizing layer or layers extend over the entire length of the block.
• the measures of the invention are interesting in that they ensure a dry assembly, without requiring a filling inside the blocks with cement, concrete, and / or insulation, while having a satisfactory stability.
• the block of the invention thus makes it possible to construct wall-type walls of a provisional nature, that is to say that can then be very easily dismantled without deterioration and without particular effort.
• the main faces may have a certain surface finish. After building a wall with the blocks of the invention, they can then be painted on the faces in question.
• the presence of at least two pins on the upper face, and similarly, two corresponding grooves on the underside ensures good stability, especially for the construction of walls including a height from 6m and up.
• the corresponding lugs and grooves on the opposite side faces also allow an exact adjustment of the blocks.
• the block of the invention has been the subject of static studies as part of a doctoral thesis.
• Figure 1 is a perspective view of a building block according to a first embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 2 is an elevational view of the block of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a view along the section III-III of the block of Figure 2.
• Figure 4 is a perspective view of a wall portion constructed with blocks according to the block of Figures 1 to 3.
• Figure 5 is a perspective view of a building block according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• Figure 6 schematically illustrates the descent of the load in a wall under the effect of imperfections.
• Figure 7 illustrates the evolution of the compensable height as a function of the thickness of the equalizing layer and the ultimate deformation rate of the material of said layer.
• Figure 8 illustrates the evolution of the useful section at the level of the equalizing layer depending on the stress and the material of said layer.
• Figure 9 illustrates the evolution of the useful section in a wall according to the compensable height of the equalizing layer.
• Figures 1 to 3 illustrate a building block according to a prennier embodiment of the invention.
• This block 2 is made of inert construction material, such as concrete. It has a generally parallelepiped shape.
• Figure 1 it is illustrated in its functional orientation.
• Orientation concepts such as "superior”, “inferior”, “lateral”, “vertical”, “longitudinal” and “transversal” referred to in this document refer to the block in its functional orientation as illustrated in Figure 1.
• Block 2 comprises main faces 4 and 6 which extend longitudinally and parallel to each other. These faces are intended to remain visible after assembly of several blocks.
• the block 2 also comprises an upper face 8, a lower face 10 and two opposite lateral faces 12 and 14.
• Each of the upper 8, lower 10, and lateral 12 and 14 faces comprises a relief adapted to cooperate by interlocking with a corresponding face d another identical block disposed adjacently.
• the upper face 8 comprises two pins 16 extending longitudinally, advantageously continuously between the two lateral faces 12 and 14.
• the lower face 10 comprises two corresponding grooves 16 'which then also extend longitudinally and advantageously continuously between the two lateral faces 12 and 14.
• These grooves 16 ' are sized to receive the tenons 16 of another identical block supporting the block 2. It can be seen, in particular in Figures 2 and 3, that the block 2 has continuity of material, in a vertical direction, between each of the tenons 16 and the corresponding groove 16 '.
• the tenons 16 of the upper face 8 have a thickness E which is preferably between 10% and 17% of the width L of the block. It is the same for the width E 'of the corresponding grooves 16' ( Figure 3).
• each of the tenons 16 may have a thickness E of the order of 22mm and each of the grooves 16 'a width E' of 25mm.
• a clearance is provided between each of the groove and the corresponding post.
• This game can be between 1 and 5mm, preferably between 2 and 4mm, more preferably between 2.5 and 3.5mm.
• the pins 16 have a height H which is preferably greater than its thickness E ( Figure 2).
• the height H can be of the order of 30mm.
• the depth H 'of the grooves 16' is advantageously equal to the height H of the tenons 16. This measurement is interesting in that it ensures a recovery of the vertical forces by the pins 16 and their direct transmission to the corresponding grooves 16 '.
• the two pins 16 are symmetrically disposed on either side of a longitudinal axis of the block 2 and that each of these tenons is remote from the main face 4 and 6 adjacent.
• This distance D can be between 20% and 25% of the width L of the block.
• the distance D can be of the order of 40mm.
• Holes 22 may be provided transversely between the tenons 16, these hollow extending vertically through the block, from the upper face 8 to the lower face 10.
• recesses 24 may be provided between each of the pins 16 and the adjacent main face 4 or 6, these troughs vertically crossing the block from side to side.
• the first face 12 of the two lateral faces comprises three vertical tenons, namely a central pin 18 and two lateral tenons 20.
• the central pin 18 advantageously has a trapezoidal section. It extends transversely between the two pins 16 and between the two corresponding grooves 16 '.
• the angle of inclination of the lateral faces of the trapezoidal section may be 30 °, as shown in FIG. 2. This angle may, however, take other values, especially between 20 ° and 40 ° or between 25 ° and 35 °.
• the lateral tenons 20 are particular in that they are flush with the adjacent main face 4 and 6.
• the second face 14 of the two lateral faces comprises three grooves, namely a central groove 18 'and two lateral grooves 20' corresponding to the central pin 18 and the lateral tenons 20, respectively.
• the central pin 18 has a maximum thickness ei which may correspond to the distance between the two pins 16.
• the lateral tenons 20 have a thickness ⁇ 2 which can be between 8% and 15 % of the width L of the block 2.
• the thickness ⁇ 2 can be of the order of 20mm.
• the maximum width ei 'of the central groove 18' is advantageously greater than the thickness ei of the central pin 18, namely a value between 3 and 6mm.
• the height h of the central pin 18 and the lateral tenons 20 is advantageously identical between 8% and 15% of the width L of the block 2.
• the height h may be of the order of 20mm.
• the depth h 'of the central groove 18' and lateral grooves 20 ' is advantageously greater than the height h of the central pin 18 and the lateral tenons 20, as an example of a value between 1 and 3mm.
• the transverse profiles of the upper face 8 and the lower face 10 are generally straight with the exception of the bosses formed by the pins 16 and the depressions formed by the grooves 16 ' . This is particularly favorable for a stable base blocks on top of each other. More particularly, it can be seen in Figure 3 that the central portion 17 of the transverse profile of the upper face 8 is recessed R side portions. This shrinkage can be between 1 and 3mm. This measurement ensures that the contact between the blocks at their upper and lower faces is on the lateral portions of said faces and not at the center.
• the central portion 17 'of the transverse profile of the lower face 10 may be aligned with the side portions of said face.
• the block that has just been described may have a length of 350mm and a height of 200mm. However, it is understood that these dimensions are purely illustrative and that other dimensions are conceivable. This is why most of the previously detailed dimensions have been expressed as a percentage in order to apply to other block dimensions.
• the block can be made by injecting the inert material into molds, followed by hardening and demolding.
• the block is advantageously in one piece in the inert material.
• the latter may comprise a binder and one or more filler materials.
• these filler materials there may be biobased materials.
• Figure 6 illustrates a building block according to a second embodiment of the invention.
• the reference numerals of the first embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4 are used to designate the same elements, these numbers however being increased by 100. Reference is also made to the description of these elements in relation to the first embodiment of FIG. production.
• the building block 102 shown in Figure 5 is identical to that of Figure 1, but with the difference that the inert material constituting it is not identical over the entire extent of the block. More specifically, the material of the building block 102 comprises a first material forming the central and main portion 103.1 of the block 102 and a second material forming the equalizing layers 103.2 and 103.3 on the upper faces 108 and / or lower 1 10. This second material has deformation and disintegration properties to equalize any imperfections.
• These layers 103.2 and 103.3 advantageously extend over the entire length of the block 102, precisely and only on the upper and / or lower contact faces. They advantageously have a thickness greater than 5 mm and / or less than 40 mm.
• the material of the equalizing layers is advantageously a mortar essentially comprising aggregates and a binder based on cement. Due in particular to imperfections of a wall constructed from the blocks in question, the aggregates advantageously have a mean diameter limited to half the thickness of the equalizing layer and can be disaggregated finely to increase the effective contact area in case peak compression effort. More specifically, the aggregates, once separated from the matrix, fill the surrounding voids in the contact interface between the rough surfaces. The crushing of the equalizing layer makes it possible to avoid a discontinuity of the superimposed block surfaces, and thus ensures a uniform transfer of the charges between the blocks.
• FIG. 6 shows the cumulative influence of the geometric imperfections of the blocks on the descent of load in a wall, more specifically the preferential path of load descent imposed by the height variation of the masonry blocks.
• the load applied at the top of the wall is doubled at the base of the wall, with a high risk of premature cracking at the level of the rough joint.
• the orders of magnitude of the thickness of the equalizing layer are preferably between 5mm and 40mm, more preferably between 10mm and 30mm depending on the tolerance (in height) of production of the masonry blocks.
• FIG. 7 makes it possible to preview the thresholds of recoverable heights as a function of the nature of the material and the thickness of the equalizing layer.
• the thickness of the equalizing layer is given on the abscissa and the maximum recoverable height is given on the ordinate.
• the percentages expressed of the different curves give information on the ultimate deformation of the material used for the equalizing layer. The ultimate deformation is here expressed in mm / mm and varied from 0.35% to 0.50%.
• the performance of the equalizing layer is essentially based on the mechanical properties of the material which are: the compressive strength, the Young's modulus, the density, the fish coefficient, the grain size and the stress-strain relationship.
• Table 1 provides information on some essential mechanical properties of materials Mat 1, 2 and 3 indicating properties such as the Young's modulus, the ultimate compressive strength of each material and the coefficient of friction of the materials evoked.
• the equalizing layer has a high potential for regulating the imperfection of the contact surfaces. The relevance of its influence is more proven with the reduction of the Young's modulus of the material used.
• Figure 8 shows the capacity of the equalizing layer to create a real contact (Ratio Ao / A) depending on the level of charge and for the three materials mentioned above.
• A represents the nominal contact section of the blocks, that is to say the theoretical section calculated from the dimensions of the contact strips.
• Ao represents the section actually in contact when two masonry blocks are superimposed. This is the sum of the micro-sections that actually touch the rough faces of the blocks. This being so, the ratio Ao / A varies from 0 (no real contact) to 1 (real contact almost equal to the nominal section).
• Figure 9 shows the evolution of the useful section of a masonry wall laid dry 3.00 m in height and width.
• the realization of the equalizing layer or layers can be carried out by successive injection of the different materials in a manufacturing mold, thus ensuring a very good cohesion and limited manufacturing costs.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Retaining Walls (AREA)
• Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
• Foundations (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=57517949

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (4)

Family Cites Families (42)

• 2016
  • 2016-10-14 LU LU93263A patent/LU93263B1/fr active IP Right Grant
• 2017
  • 2017-10-13 EP EP17781511.5A patent/EP3526417A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-10-13 US US16/341,609 patent/US11359370B2/en active Active
  • 2017-10-13 CN CN201780071721.3A patent/CN110234820A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-10-13 AU AU2017343812A patent/AU2017343812B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2017-10-13 CA CA3040042A patent/CA3040042C/fr active Active
  • 2017-10-13 WO PCT/EP2017/076241 patent/WO2018069524A1/fr not_active Ceased

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