EP3536621B1 - Verpackungsvorrichtung und verfahren - Google Patents

Verpackungsvorrichtung und verfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3536621B1
EP3536621B1 EP19161123.5A EP19161123A EP3536621B1 EP 3536621 B1 EP3536621 B1 EP 3536621B1 EP 19161123 A EP19161123 A EP 19161123A EP 3536621 B1 EP3536621 B1 EP 3536621B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
compost
block
pressing
packaging
unit
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EP19161123.5A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3536621A1 (de
Inventor
Johannes Nicolaas Maria Gerardus Cornelis Hooijmans
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Hooijmans Substrates BV
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Hooijmans Substrates BV
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/008—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material by webs revolving around articles moved along the axis of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
    • B65B11/58—Applying two or more wrappers, e.g. in succession
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B27/00—Bundling particular articles presenting special problems using string, wire, or narrow tape or band; Baling fibrous material, e.g. peat, not otherwise provided for
    • B65B27/12—Baling or bundling compressible fibrous material, e.g. peat
    • B65B27/125—Baling or bundling compressible fibrous material, e.g. peat and wrapping or bagging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
    • B65B63/00—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged
    • B65B63/02—Auxiliary devices, not otherwise provided for, for operating on articles or materials to be packaged for compressing or compacting articles or materials prior to wrapping or insertion in containers or receptacles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and method for packaging straw-containing compost, particularly compost of horse manure with straw.
  • Manure generally consists of animal excreta which have decomposed to greater or lesser extent and which may or may not be mixed with straw.
  • the animal excreta provide a mixture of water, minerals and organic matter.
  • Manure can be divided into a number of types of manure.
  • One of these manure types is so-called farmyard manure.
  • Farmyard manure comprises a mixture of solid substances (faeces) and liquid substances (urine), in combination with straw.
  • Farmyard manure can for instance be horse manure, cattle manure, pig manure or chicken manure.
  • Horse manure is an important type of farmyard manure and is often used for mushroom cultivation.
  • horse manure In winter there is often an excess of horse manure. The horses are then in horse stables and the horse manure produced therein has to be stored until summer in some way so that the winter excess of horse manure can be used to set off the shortage of horse manure in summer.
  • the horse manure collected in horse stables is often stored in a pit on the land for a period of several months. Although the horse manure is compressed to some extent and stored in compressed state in the pit, the amount of air and/or moisture remaining in the horse manure generally remains so great that rotting of the manure occurs relatively quickly.
  • the horse manure further has a composition such that it tends to fall apart immediately.
  • bales In order to prevent or lessen the rotting process of wet horse manure it is known to roll horse manure into cylindrical bales, to then arrange means for holding the bale together such as a rope, wire and/or cable (for instance PET wire, steel wire or the like) around the bales in order to hold the horse manure together, and to transport the bales to a packaging machine, for instance with a trailer.
  • a packaging machine for instance with a trailer.
  • EP 3 014 979 A1 describes in its abstract a general method for forming and wrapping bales in a baler.
  • the baler has a crop-moving device, a baling chamber, and a bale chute with a wrap frame oriented outside of the baling chamber.
  • the method comprising: operating the crop-moving device to compress crop material into a bale within the baling chamber; ejecting the bale from the baling chamber to the bale chute; wrapping a sheet of wrap material around the wrap frame, such that a sleeve of wrap material is formed from the sheet; and moving the bale through the wrap frame, such that the bale engages the sleeve to pull the sleeve from the wrap frame; wherein, when the bale is ejected from the bale chute, the bale is wrapped by the sleeve.
  • FR 2 448 846 A discloses a process and a machine for compressing vegetable matter, e.g. pre-chopped hay etc., into a moist cake which is filled into a package for storing as forage ready for direct consumption.
  • the compression substantially reduces the air included in the vegetable matter and extracted some of its liquid producing a firm, pressed cake.
  • the cake is filled into and sealed inside a moisture-proof container, in particular a plastic bag.
  • the chamber is loaded with raw material via a vertical feed tube. After the compression, cake is discharged, either by gravity or by a vertical cam, into thermoplastic bags which are then heat-seamed.
  • JP 2002225807 describes in its abstract a "packaging film F is preliminarily wound on a square tube for carrying out the compressed article to be packaged in such a state as one edge side in a crosswise direction bends toward a central side of the square tube for carrying out, and the article to be packaged is ejected from the square tube for carrying out preliminarily wound, then the article to be packaged and the packaging film are integrally moved while covering an outer circumferential side of an end face in an ejecting direction of the article to be packaged with an edge of the packaging film bent toward the central side, and the article to be packaged is packaged with the packaging film F wound".
  • US 3 045 583 discloses a hay baler of the type which is towed behind a farm tractor while it bales.
  • a hay baler of this general type picks up the hay from a windrow into which it is headed and bales this while traveling, the bales being discharged rearwardly from the baler.
  • At least one of these objectives is achieved in a device according to claim 8.
  • Compressing the compost with the pressing unit removes the moisture and the oxygen from the compost at least partially. The removed moisture is then discharged. This has the result that the moisture content of the compost greatly decreases and the risk of rotting of the compost is reduced.
  • the compost can be stored for a long period, essentially without experiencing loss of quality, at least with less loss of quality than would result from rotting.
  • the compressed and optionally dehydrated compost is further packaged directly (i.e. in unpackaged state and without the compost being held together by external means for holding the compost together such as a rope, wire or cable). Compression of the compost and the presence of the straw in the compost has given the compost so much internal cohesion that the compressed compost block is able to stand independently, or falls apart less easily.
  • the device is embodied to have the pushing member push at least the front outer end of the compost block to a position in the packaging unit. No additional displacing means are thus necessary.
  • the pushing member is configured to displace the compost block in axial direction, wherein the lengths in axial direction of the pressing chamber and discharge mouth are such that when the front outer end of the compost block has left the discharge mouth and has already reached the packaging unit, the rear outer end is still being held in the discharge mouth. This means that when the front outer end of the compost block has reached the packaging unit or has even been arranged therein already, the rear part of the same compost block is still being held. This means that the compost block itself cannot fall apart.
  • the compost block is still in the discharge mouth and optionally even still partially in the pressing chamber when the compost block has reached the packaging unit and this unit can start wrapping the (front outer end of the) compost block.
  • the device can be embodied to start the wrapping of the compost block while the compost block is still being held in the discharge mouth.
  • the already wrapped front outer end ensures that the compost block is still unable to fall apart.
  • the holding function of the discharge mouth is thus taken on by the packaging.
  • optionally temporary means for holding the compost together such as rope, wire or cable and subsequent removal thereof can thus be dispensed with.
  • the discharge mouth has a dimension in a direction transversely of the axial direction which is equal to a corresponding dimension of the compost block.
  • the width of the discharge mouth can correspond to the width of the compost block so that, when the outermost end of the block is still present in the discharge mouth and the front outer end has already been pushed out, the discharge mouth prevents the compost block from beginning to fall apart.
  • the compost is preferably supplied in bulk (so unpackaged, and not held together in any other way either).
  • the compost supplied in bulk can for instance be received in a receiving funnel which emerges onto the pressing chamber.
  • the pressing unit preferably comprises a single press and a single pushing member.
  • the latter stated device is also referred to as a two ram baler. It is important that the compost is sufficiently de-aerated and/or dehydrated by compressing it sufficiently and removing the air and/or the moisture from the pressing chamber. More generally, in a determined embodiment the pressing unit can be configured to displace a quantity of compost in a transverse direction transversely of the axial direction for the purpose of forming a compost block, and the pushing member can be configured to displace the compost block in axial direction toward the packaging unit.
  • the pressing unit can further be configured to compress a quantity of compost supplied via the receiving unit two or more times for the purpose of forming two or more slabs of compost, wherein the slabs of compost together form a compost block.
  • a compost block thus consists of a number of upright slabs of compost.
  • the discharge mouth is embodied and the packaging unit is positioned at a short distance from the pressing unit such that the discharge mouth holds the rear part of the slabs of compost and thereby prevents the compost block from falling apart due to one or more slabs falling over sideways.
  • the compost block can be discharged, for instance via a discharge conveyor, such as an endless conveyor belt arranged in line with the packaging unit.
  • a discharge conveyor such as an endless conveyor belt arranged in line with the packaging unit.
  • the pressing unit is configured to reduce the volume of the compost to less than 80%, preferably to less than 60% or even to less than 50% of the original volume by the pressing.
  • the unpackaged compost block is compressed such (i.e. the pressing pressure is so high) that the compost block retains its original shape, at least until the compost block has reached the packaging unit.
  • the compost block is compressed so tightly that it can remain upright independently on a ground surface (for instance the bottom of the pressing chamber, the transport surface and the like), without this requiring further auxiliary means.
  • the distance between the pressing unit and packaging unit is small and the speed of displacement of the compost from the pressing chamber to the packaging unit is high, the compost block will retain its original shape before and during packaging.
  • the compost block may fall apart (for instance when one or more of the above stated slabs of compost fall over sideways), but the block is still held in its shape by the discharge mouth.
  • said distance between the pressing unit and the packaging unit is smaller than the dimensions in axial direction of the compost block, for instance less than 1 m, preferably less than 50 cm, but a wrapping machine connected directly to the pressing chamber is also possible.
  • packaging of the compost block can be started substantially immediately after pressing.
  • the device also comprises a discharge conveyor for discharging a packaged compost block.
  • the packaging unit is here arranged between the pressing unit and the discharge conveyor.
  • the discharge conveyor is here preferably positioned such that the distance (a) in axial direction is smaller than the dimensions in axial direction of the compost block. In this way the compost block is always supported, by the (discharge mouth of the) pressing unit, the discharge conveyor or by both the pressing unit and the discharge conveyor.
  • the pressing chamber has a substantially rectangular, for instance a square, cross-section.
  • the pressing chamber and the associated one or more presses are more particularly embodied to give the compost block the shape of a beam, particularly the shape of a cube.
  • Such beam-shaped compost blocks can be easily stacked and take up relatively little space in stacked state.
  • the pressing unit can have one single press for compressing the compost and a separate pushing member for pushing out the compost block.
  • the press and the pushing member are however combined.
  • the press can here first compress the compost (for instance against an openable hatch in the pressing chamber) and then (when the hatch is open) push the compost out via the discharge mouth.
  • a device provided with such a combination of press and pushing member is also referred to in the field as a single ram baler.
  • the pressing unit can comprise two presses, wherein the presses are preferably positioned at right angles relative to each other.
  • a device provided with two presses can also be referred to in the field as a two ram baler.
  • the pressing unit can comprise a first press displaceable in a first direction and a second press displaceable in a second direction, transversely of the first direction, wherein the second press is embodied to displace the unpackaged, compressed and optionally dehydrated compost block to a position in the packaging unit.
  • the first direction can here be the transverse direction, the second direction the axial direction.
  • the second press here functions as transport means for arranging the compost block in the packaging unit.
  • the packaging unit comprises a wrapping machine.
  • the wrapping machine is configured to wrap the unpackaged compost block with packaging material, particularly one or more strips of plastic film.
  • the plastic film can for instance be made available on a roll, wherein the compost block is displaced relative to the roll, the roll is displaced relative to the compost block or wherein both the roll and the compost block are displaced. In this way a rapid and efficient sealing of the compost block relative to the outside world can be realized.
  • the moisture discharge can comprise one or more moisture discharge openings, preferably discharge openings in the bottom of the pressing chamber, so that the moisture from the compost can be discharged quickly.
  • a method for packaging straw-containing compost according to claim 1.
  • the method comprises of starting the wrapping of a front outer end of the compost block while the rear outer end is still situated in the pressing unit.
  • the packaging can take over the role of holding the compost block from the pressing unit, and the compost block thus retains its shape.
  • the method particularly comprises of holding the rear outer end of the compost block in the pressing unit, particularly in a discharge mouth thereof, while the front outer end of the compost block is already being wrapped.
  • the method comprises of displacing a quantity of compost in a transverse direction transversely of the axial direction for the purpose of forming a compost block and then displacing the compost block in the axial direction toward a packaging unit. In this way an efficient and compact compression and discharge of the compost is realized.
  • the method comprises of compressing a quantity of compost supplied via the receiving unit two or more times for the purpose of forming two or more slabs of compost.
  • the slabs here lie against each other and together form a compost block.
  • this falling apart will generally start with at least one of the two slabs situated on the sides tilting sideways.
  • the compost block will not have a tendency to fall apart, not even when the slabs are clear (i.e. are not being held) at their front outer end (i.e. the outer end directed toward the packaging unit).
  • the method preferably comprises of reducing the volume of the compost to less than 20% of the original volume by the pressing.
  • the compost is compressed such that the compressed compost block retains its original shape, at least until the compost block has reached the packaging unit. In other embodiments the compost block is held until the packaging begins.
  • the method preferably comprises of compressing the moist compost in a block-shaped pressing chamber, removing the moisture from the compost and the pressing chamber and discharging the dehydrated compost block in axial direction via a discharge opening in the pressing chamber.
  • the method comprises of packaging the dehydrated compost block within a time interval of 1 minute or within 5 minutes after pressing.
  • the method comprises of displacing a press in a first direction for the purpose of compressing the compost into a compressed compost block and then displacing a pushing member in a second direction, transversely of the first direction, for the purpose of displacing the compressed and dehydrated compost block to a position in the packaging unit.
  • Packaging comprises of wrapping the unpackaged compost block with packaging material, particularly one or more strips of plastic film.
  • the plastic film is preferably a stretch film.
  • the stretch film (also referred to as stretch wrap) is used to wrap the compost block up tightly without this requiring additional auxiliary means.
  • An example of stretch film is a film of LDPE plastic.
  • Device 1 for packaging moisture-containing compost, such as horse manure, supplied in bulk (and thus unpackaged).
  • Device 1 comprises a receiving unit 2 formed by a funnel-like channel for receiving (P 1 ) the compost and carrying the supplied compost under the influence of the force of gravity (P 2 , figure 2 ) to a pressing chamber 10 of a pressing unit 3.
  • Pressing unit 3 is configured to displace with hydraulic cylinders 16, 17 in two orthogonal directions (i.e. a transverse direction or cross direction P 3 and an axial direction P 4 ) a corresponding press 4 and pushing member 5.
  • Pressing unit 3 is configured to compress a quantity of the unpackaged, moisture-containing compost received via receiving unit 2. Operation of the pressing unit and the packaging unit is controlled by a control unit 29, for instance a computer or microcontroller.
  • Press 4 i.e. the flat pressing side thereof firstly presses a first quantity of compost (M) supplied via receiving unit 2 against a flat side wall 11 so that the compost is compressed.
  • M first quantity of compost
  • v moisture
  • an amount of oxygen which is for instance discharged via the upper side of pressing chamber 10 (P af , figure 4B ).
  • Figures 2 , 3 , 4A and 4B clearly show that the first quantity of compost is compressed into a first slab 18 of compost material. Press 4 is then pulled back and a second quantity of compost is carried via receiving unit 2 into pressing chamber 10.
  • Press 4 presses this quantity of (loose) compost material against the first layer or slab 18 of compost and forms a second slab 18' against first slab 18. This process can be repeated once (see figure 4C ) or multiple times, until a compost block consisting of a number of vertical slabs of compost has been realized.
  • press 4 can compress the compost such that the volume of the compost is reduced to less than 20% of the original volume.
  • the remaining compost consists for the greater part of solid substances (faeces) mixed with straw.
  • the compressed compost remains in the compressed block shape (in the case of a pressing chamber with a rectangular longitudinal and cross-section a beam shape or even a cube shape) and does not fall apart, not even when the compost is pushed away in axial direction (P 4 ) by pushing member 5, as is shown schematically in figure 5 .
  • Pushing member 5 then presses further against the compressed compost block (b) so that it is displaced in axial direction (direction P 4 ) over the bottom of a discharge mouth 22 connected to the axial discharge opening in the wall of pressing chamber 10, toward a packaging unit 6.
  • the compost block (b) is wrapped with strips of plastic film and then discharged (direction P 5 ) via a discharge conveyor 7 (for instance a discharge conveyor of the endless belt type).
  • the distance (a) in axial direction between the free outer end of (discharge mouth 22 of) pressing chamber 10 and the start of discharge conveyor 7 is smaller than the dimensions in axial direction of the compost block (b) so that the compost block always remains supported.
  • Figure 5 shows the situation when the compost block (b) (consisting of several slabs 18, 18', 18", .. of compost) has already been pushed slightly beyond the outer end of the discharge mouth 22 of pressing chamber 10.
  • the front (free) outer end 20 of the compost block (b) is already situated outside the pressing unit, but the opposite, rear outer end 21 is still situated inside the pressing unit.
  • slabs 18, 18', etc. of the compost block (b) are held by the side walls 23, 23' of discharge mouth 22 in the sense that they are not able to collapse sideways.
  • the compost block thus remains intact hereby, despite the fact that front outer end 20 is no longer being supported.
  • Figure 5 shows that the outer end 20 of the compost block can already be partially or wholly wrapped with (packaging) film 25 while this is not yet the case for the rest of the compost block.
  • Packaging unit 6 comprises for this purpose an annular track 30, one or more carriers 31 displaceable along annular track 30 (in the shown embodiment two carriers, although this number can also be greater or smaller), and a drive (not shown) for displacing the one or more carriers 31 along the annular track.
  • a packaging material dispensing unit 26 extending rearward in axial direction, for dispensing one or more strips of plastic film 25 during displacement of the relevant carrier 31 along the annular track.
  • dispensing unit 26 comprises a film roll onto which film has been wound beforehand.
  • dispensing units 26 rotate around the compost block in a manner such that the film is wrapped around the compost block (more particularly, wrapped around the compost block in vertical direction, as seen from the side).
  • discharge conveyor 7 is disposed fixedly on a ground surface and dispensing units 26 extend between annular track 30 and discharge mouth 22.
  • the dispensing units extend on the other side of annular track 30. In this embodiment they thus point forward in axial direction.
  • discharge conveyor 7 is however disposed rotatably relative to the ground surface. In this embodiment the discharge conveyor can be rotated around an (imaginary) vertical axis by controlling one or more drive motors (not shown).
  • the (imaginary) vertical axis preferably extends at a position where the middle of the compost block (b) is also situated after being wrapped with plastic film vertically in the manner described above.
  • the material of the film stated herein can consist of a strip of plastic material wound onto a rotatable roll, which roll is arranged rotatably on the carrier.
  • the film can for instance consist of a foil or silage film, but can also consist of a net wrapping.
  • Device 1 is suitable for manufacturing a package compost block, preferably a beam-shaped or cube-shaped compost block, with a relatively great mass. This is because the compost block need not be lifted during wrapping.
  • the mass of the compost blocks can for instance be as much as 200 kg or more, for instance between 300 kg and 4000 kg.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Auxiliary Devices For And Details Of Packaging Control (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Verfahren zum Verpacken von strohhaltigem Kompost (M), insbesondere Kompost aus Pferdemist mit Stroh, wobei das Verfahren folgende Schritte aufweist:
    - Aufnehmen von unverpacktem Kompost in eine Aufnahmeeinheit (2);
    - Anordnen einer Menge von Kompost aus der Aufnahmeeinheit (2) in einer Presskammer (10) einer Presseinheit (3);
    - Verpressen des unverpackten, feuchtigkeitshaltigen Komposts in der Presskammer (10) zum Zweck der Bildung eines Blocks aus komprimiertem Kompost, wobei der Pressdruck der Presseinheit (3) ausreichend hoch ist, um zumindest einen Teil der Luft aus dem Kompost zu pressen;
    - Ausstoßen des komprimierten Kompost-Blocks aus der Presskammer (10);
    - Verpacken des zumindest teilweise aus der Presskammer (10) ausgestoßenen unverpackten, komprimierten Kompostblocks in Verpackungsmaterial (25) durch Umwickeln des unverpackten Kompostblocks mit Verpackungsmaterial, insbesondere mit einem oder mehreren Streifen aus Kunststofffolie;
    wobei das Verfahren auch das zwei- oder mehrmalige Komprimieren einer über die Aufnahmeeinheit (2) zugeführten Kompostmenge umfasst, um zwei oder mehr Kompostplatten (18) zu bilden,
    wobei die Kompostplatten zusammen einen Kompostblock bilden;
    gekennzeichnet durch
    Komprimieren der Menge an unverpacktem und feuchtigkeitshaltigem Kompost in der Presskammer (10), so dass neben mindestens einem Teil der Luft auch mindestens ein Teil der Feuchtigkeit aus dem feuchtigkeitshaltigen Kompost gepresst wird, und durch Abführen der freigesetzten Feuchtigkeit über einen Feuchtigkeitsabzug (13).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, aufweisend das Reduzieren des Volumens des Komposts auf weniger als 80 %.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, aufweisend das Reduzieren des Volumens des Komposts durch das Pressen auf weniger als 60% oder sogar auf weniger als 50% des ursprünglichen Volumens.
  4. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, aufweisend das Beginnen des Einwickelns eines vorderen äußeren Endes des Kompostblocks, während sich das hintere äußere Ende noch in der Presseinheit (3) befindet und/oder das Halten des hinteren äußeren Endes des Kompostblocks in der Presseinheit (3), insbesondere in deren Ausstoßöffnung (22), während das vordere äußere Ende des Kompostblocks bereits eingewickelt wird.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, aufweisend das Verschieben einer Menge an Kompost in einer Querrichtung quer zur axialen Richtung zum Bilden eines Kompostblocks und anschließendes Verschieben des Kompostblocks in axialer Richtung zu einer Verpackungseinheit (6) und/oder aufweisend das Verschieben einer Presse (4) in einer ersten Richtung um den Kompost zu einem Kompostblock zu komprimieren und anschließendes Verschieben eines Schiebeelements (5) in einer quer zu der ersten Richtung liegenden zweiten Richtung, um den komprimierten und entfeuchteten Kompostblock in eine bestimmte Position in der Verpackungseinheit (6) zu bringen und/oder aufweisend das Komprimieren des Komposts so, dass der komprimierte Kompostblock seine ursprüngliche Form behält, zumindest bis der Kompostblock die Verpackungseinheit (6) erreicht hat.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, aufweisend das Pressen des feuchten Kompostes in einer blockförmigen Presskammer, Entfernen der Feuchtigkeit aus dem Kompost und der Presskammer (10) und Ausstoßen des entfeuchteten Kompostblocks in axialer Richtung über eine Ausstoßöffnung (22) in der Presskammer (10).
  7. Verfahren nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, aufweisend das Verpacken des entfeuchteten Kompostblocks innerhalb eines Zeitabschnittes von 1 bis 5 Minuten nach dem Pressen.
  8. Vorrichtung (1) zum Verpacken von strohhaltigem Kompost (M), insbesondere Kompost aus Pferdemist mit Stroh, aufweisend:
    - eine Aufnahmeeinheit (2) zur Aufnahme von unverpacktem Kompost;
    - mindestens eine Presseinheit (3), aufweisend:
    - eine Presskammer (10), die mit der Aufnahmeeinheit verbunden ist, wobei die Presskammer auch eine Ausstoßöffnung aufweist;
    - eine in der Presskammer verschiebbare Presse (4) zum Verdichten einer Menge an unverpacktem Kompost in der Presskammer, um einen Block aus komprimierten Kompost zu bilden, wobei der Pressdruck der Presse ausreichend hoch ist, um zumindest einen Teil der Luft aus dem Kompost zu pressen; und
    - ein in der Presskammer verschiebbares Schiebeelement (5) zum Ausstoßen des komprimierten Kompostblockes über die Ausstoßöffnung (22) aus der Presskammer (10);
    - eine Verpackungseinheit (6) zum Verpacken des unverpackten, komprimierten Kompostblocks, der zumindest teilweise über die Ausstoßöffnung (22) aus der Presskammer (10) ausgestoßen wurde, in Verpackungsmaterial, wobei die Verpackungseinheit eine Umwickelungsmaschine aufweist, zum Umwickeln des unverpackten Kompostblocks mit Verpackungsmaterial, insbesondere mit einem oder mehreren Streifen aus Kunststofffolie,
    wobei die Presseinheit (3) dazu ausgebildet ist, eine über die Aufnahmeeinheit (2) zugeführte Kompostmenge zwei- oder mehrmalig zu verdichten, um zwei oder mehr Kompostplatten (18) zu bilden, wobei die Kompostplatten zusammen einen Kompostblock bilden und wobei die Presseinheit (3) ferner dazu ausgebildet ist, den aus Kompostplatten bestehenden Kompostblock über die Ausstoßöffnung aus der Presskammer auszustoßen;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kompost auch Feuchtigkeit enthält und dass die Presseinheit (3) ausgebildet ist, die Menge an unverpacktem und feuchtigkeitshaltigem Kompost in der Presskammer so zu komprimieren, dass neben mindestens einem Teil der Luft auch mindestens ein Teil der Feuchtigkeit aus dem feuchtigkeitshaltigen Kompost gepresst wird, und dass die Vorrichtung einen Feuchtigkeitsabzug (13) zum Abführen der aus dem feuchtigkeitshaltigen Kompost gepressten Feuchtigkeit aufweist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei der Feuchtigkeitsabzug eine oder mehrere Feuchtigkeitsabzugsöffnungen (13) aufweist.
  10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 9, wobei die Presseinheit (3) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie das Volumen des Komposts durch das Pressen auf weniger als 80%, vorzugsweise auf weniger als 60% oder sogar auf weniger als 50% des ursprünglichen Volumens reduziert.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei die Verpackungseinheit (6) ausgebildet ist, um das Umwickeln des Kompostblocks zu beginnen, während sich der Kompostblock noch in der Ausstoßöffnung (22) befindet und/oder wobei die Verpackungseinheit (6) aufweist:
    - eine Ringbahn (30), mindestens einen entlang der Ringbahn verschiebbaren Träger (31) und einen Antrieb zum Verschieben des mindestens einen verschiebbaren Trägers entlang der Ringbahn;
    wobei an jedem Träger eine Verpackungsmaterial-Ausgabeeinheit (26) angeordnet ist, um während des Verschiebens des mindestens einen Trägers entlang der Ringbahn einen oder mehrere Streifen aus Kunststofffolie (25) auszugeben.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, wobei das Schiebeelement (5) ausgebildet ist, um den Kompostblock in axialer Richtung zu verschieben, und wobei die Längen in axialer Richtung der Presskammer (10) und der Ausstoßöffnung (22) derart ausgebildet sind, dass, wenn das vordere äußere Ende des Kompostblocks die Ausstoßöffnung verlassen und bereits die Verpackungseinheit erreicht hat, das hintere äußere Ende noch in der Ausstoßöffnung gehalten wird und/oder wobei die Ausstoßöffnung (22) in einer Richtung quer zur axialen Richtung eine Abmessung aufweist, die einer gleichen Abmessung des Kompostblocks entspricht.
  13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, wobei die Verpackungseinheit (6) ausgebildet ist, um den unverpackten Kompostblock im Wesentlichen luftdicht zu verpacken und/oder wobei der Kompostblock so komprimiert wird, dass der Kompostblock, zumindest bis der Kompostblock die Verpackungseinheit erreicht hat, seine ursprüngliche Form behält; und/oder wobei die Vorrichtung (1) ausgebildet ist, um einen Kompostblock mit einer Masse zwischen 300 und 4000 kg zu verpacken; und/oder wobei die Vorrichtung (1) ausgebildet ist um in losem Schüttgut zu liefernden Kompost zu verpacken.
  14. Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, mit einem Ausgabeförderer (7) zum Ausgeben eines verpackten Kompostblocks, wobei der Ausgabeförderer (7) in einem kurzen Abstand (a) relativ zum freien äußeren Ende der Ausstoßöffnung in axialer Richtung positioniert ist, wobei der kurze Abstand vorzugsweise kleiner ist als die Abmessungen des Kompostblocks in axialer Richtung.
  15. Verwenden einer Vorrichtung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 14 zum Verpacken von strohhaltigem Kompost.
EP19161123.5A 2018-03-06 2019-03-06 Verpackungsvorrichtung und verfahren Active EP3536621B1 (de)

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CN112093103A (zh) * 2020-09-04 2020-12-18 东莞市嘉铭环保设备有限公司 一种综合捆膜机

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2171C (de) * P. KELLS DEDERICK in Albany, V. St. A Presse für Heu, Stroh oder Baumwolle mit Göpelbetrieb, wobei ein verdichteter Ballen den nachgiebigen Widerstand für jede neue Pressung bildet
US3045583A (en) * 1959-02-12 1962-07-24 Jr Joseph F Davin Machine for baling
DE1761601A1 (de) * 1968-06-14 1971-07-22 Lindemann Maschfab Gmbh Verfahren zum Emballieren von Fasergut-Pressballen
DE2507480A1 (de) * 1975-02-21 1977-01-20 Schierholz Kg Louis Vorrichtung zum foerdern von mist oder dergleichen foerdergut
ES477711A1 (es) * 1979-02-14 1980-04-01 Aprovecham De La Alfal Y Plant Metodo y maquina para el tratamiento de materias vegetales forrajeras con miras a su conservacion con alto contenido dehumedad.
US5249350A (en) * 1992-03-03 1993-10-05 Callahan I Dean Trimmed recompressed hay bales and formation process therefor
US5433058A (en) * 1993-04-22 1995-07-18 Peterson; Robert W. System, method, and apparatus for packaging bales of hay
AU2001284828A1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2002-03-04 A.C.X. Trading, Inc. Hay texturizing, fortifying, and baling
JP4849729B2 (ja) * 2000-11-28 2012-01-11 大阪エヌ・イー・ディー・マシナリー株式会社 圧縮物包装用予備巻き装置および圧縮物の包装方法
SE527659C2 (sv) * 2004-07-02 2006-05-02 Staffan Soederberg Sätt och anordning för att pressa djurfoder till en bal
FI20085403A0 (fi) * 2008-05-02 2008-05-02 Cross Wrap Oy Menetelmä ja laite pakattujen paalien valmistamiseksi
US10058037B2 (en) * 2014-10-28 2018-08-28 Deere & Company Baler and method for improved bale handling
FI127551B (en) * 2016-03-31 2018-08-31 Cross Wrap Oy Method and apparatus for producing wrapped bales

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