EP3540323A2 - Dispositif décentralisé de traitement de l'air - Google Patents
Dispositif décentralisé de traitement de l'air Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3540323A2 EP3540323A2 EP19163258.7A EP19163258A EP3540323A2 EP 3540323 A2 EP3540323 A2 EP 3540323A2 EP 19163258 A EP19163258 A EP 19163258A EP 3540323 A2 EP3540323 A2 EP 3540323A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- air treatment
- treatment device
- refrigerant
- compressor
- housing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F13/00—Details common to, or for air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation or use of air currents for screening
- F24F13/20—Casings or covers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
- F24F1/022—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing comprising a compressor cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
- F24F1/02—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing
- F24F1/03—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by mounting arrangements
- F24F1/0317—Self-contained room units for air-conditioning, i.e. with all apparatus for treatment installed in a common casing characterised by mounting arrangements suspended from the ceiling
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
- F24F11/30—Control or safety arrangements for purposes related to the operation of the system, e.g. for safety or monitoring
- F24F11/32—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies
- F24F11/36—Responding to malfunctions or emergencies to leakage of heat-exchange fluid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/02—Casings; Cover lids; Ornamental panels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/14—Arrangements for connecting different sections, e.g. in water heaters
- F24H9/148—Arrangements of boiler components on a frame or within a casing to build the fluid heater, e.g. boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
- F24D2200/123—Compression type heat pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2203/00—Devices or apparatus used for air treatment
- F24F2203/02—System or Device comprising a heat pump as a subsystem, e.g. combined with humidification/dehumidification, heating, natural energy or with hybrid system
- F24F2203/021—Compression cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F2221/00—Details or features not otherwise provided for
- F24F2221/54—Heating and cooling, simultaneously or alternatively
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H4/00—Fluid heaters characterised by the use of heat pumps
- F24H4/06—Air heaters
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an air treatment apparatus for treating air, which has a housing in which a closed refrigerant circuit and an air treatment area are arranged.
- the refrigerant circuit is preferably reversible for selectively heating or cooling of the air to be treated.
- Decentralized air conditioning devices with integrated refrigerant circuit are known in the art, for example as monobloc units, which are installed on facades.
- monobloc units which are installed on facades.
- central ventilation units have prevailed.
- a central chiller transports thermal energy to a network of decentralized ventilation devices or air treatment devices in which the air is heated or cooled by means of water / air or refrigerant / air heat exchangers.
- Central ventilation units are correspondingly larger and require a higher volume of refrigerant than decentralized air treatment devices. Halogenated refrigerants are preferably used because of their high efficiency.
- An embodiment of decentralized ventilation devices are so-called air conditioning cassettes, which can be integrated into suspended ceilings. Ambient air is drawn into the air conditioning cassette and circulated within an air treatment area. The air is cooled or heated in the air treatment area and blown back out of ventilation slots into the room.
- halogenated refrigerants are natural refrigerants such as water (H 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), propene (C 3 H 6 ), butane (C 4 H 10 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) to disposal. Water and carbon dioxide have unfavorable efficiencies, and ammonia can not be used in people's habitation due to toxicity. Flammable natural refrigerants remain as an alternative to halogenated refrigerants. The use of flammable refrigerants presents new challenges for the air conditioning industry.
- an air treatment device for the treatment of air which has a housing in which a closed refrigerant circuit and an air treatment area are arranged.
- the housing is divided into an upper area and a lower area, and the upper area is gas-impermeable.
- the lower region is preferably gas-permeable or may optionally be brought into a gas-permeable and a gas-impermeable state.
- the indications "top” and “bottom” refer to the intended orientation during the operation of the air treatment device. It is preferred that when mounted in a ceiling when installed, the upper portion is disposed and secured within a ceiling cavity and the lower portion is at least partially visible when viewed from below on the ceiling.
- the housing has a bottom, which may for example be formed wholly or partly by a bottom plate, and only the bottom of the housing forms the lower portion, which is preferably visible as part of the ceiling when mounted in a ceiling.
- the housing may be formed in one piece, in which case the upper area and the lower area are formed by different portions of the one-piece housing.
- the housing may be composed of a plurality of separate housing parts or housing sections which are secured together. The upper region and the lower region may then be formed by different ones of these housing parts or housing sections or by different sections of one or more of the housing parts or housing sections.
- the housing is made of sheet metal, plastic or a combination of these substances or materials.
- the refrigerant circuit located inside the housing is self-contained and preferably includes at least a compressor, a refrigerant heat exchanger, an expansion device, and corresponding refrigerant lines connecting these components with each other.
- the refrigerant circuit may be, for example, a compression refrigeration machine or as a compression refrigeration machine operate. All elements of the refrigerant circuit are located inside the housing.
- the expansion device is preferably an expansion valve or a capillary tube.
- the circulated air is brought into contact with the refrigerant heat exchanger, preferably a refrigerant / air heat exchanger.
- the air is additionally filtered and / or the humidity regulated, and the air treatment area has appropriate means or means for this purpose.
- a device for circulating air for example a fan, which guides the air past the heat exchanger and blows out of the housing into the room through ventilation slots, is preferably located in the air treatment area.
- combustible refrigerants such as R152a (1,1-difluoroethane), R290 (propane), R1270 (propene), R32 (di-fluoromethane) and R600a (isobutane)
- R152a (1,1-difluoroethane
- R290 propane
- R1270 propene
- R32 di-fluoromethane
- R600a isobutane
- the air treatment device which may be formed, for example in the form of an air conditioning cassette mounted on or in a suspended ceiling, that the upper portion of the housing is wholly or partially in the ceiling cavity between the suspended ceiling and the actual ceiling ,
- the gas-impermeable upper area prevents the escaping refrigerant from collecting in the ceiling cavity, where it poses a serious fire hazard.
- the refrigerant circuit comprises a compressor, two heat exchangers - one for air treatment and one as a water heat exchanger - a refrigerant and refrigerant lines and preferably further comprises at least one refrigerant heat exchanger (rectifier), one or more and for example at least two expansion valves, at least two solenoid valves, a four-way valve, one or more and for example at least two check valves, one or more and for example at least two pressure switches and / or a suction pressure sensor.
- the elements are preferably optimized for the use of combustible refrigerants.
- the air to be treated is passed, so that a heat exchange between air and refrigerant can take place.
- the refrigerant circuit can optionally run in the cooling or heating direction.
- the direction is changed by the four-way valve and allows the solenoid valves, which can optionally be controlled or operated in a suitable manner.
- the check valve is arranged to prevent the condensate from collecting in the compressor.
- the suction pressure sensor is arranged and configured so that it can transmit the information about the actual suction pressure to the compressor, which is preferably adjustable according to the difference between actual and setpoint of the suction pressure.
- the housing has closable drainage openings in the lower area, which connect an interior of the housing with the surroundings of the housing. If there is a leak in the refrigerant circuit, the refrigerant collects in the lower part of the housing. The leaked refrigerant must now be disposed of with as little risk as possible. Through the discharge openings, the refrigerant can escape in a controlled manner and, for example, dissipate in the room. It is also conceivable that the drain holes are permanently open, so that escaped refrigerant can escape at any time down from the case. They can then be designed not lockable.
- the air treatment device or the housing is designed as a climate cassette.
- the shape of a climate cassette allows a space-saving installation of the air treatment device on or in a suspended ceiling.
- the upper portion of the housing is in the ceiling cavity after installation, and the lower portion of the housing is preferably out of the area of the ceiling cavity. Due to the limited height of a ceiling cavity, the elements of the refrigerant circuit and the air conditioning must be arranged as space-saving.
- the compressor is preferably a variable speed compressor and an inverter speed control system.
- the inverter speed control system it is easily possible to avoid liquid shock during compressor start-up by adjusting or operating the inverter speed control system to increase the start-up speed to the final value over a predetermined or adjustable period of time.
- the heating and cooling capacities can be controlled by adjusting the speed.
- the compressor be capable of speeds of at least 100Hz is designed.
- a compressor with a higher speed can promote more refrigerant per unit time, and it can be built smaller, which advantageously reduces the refrigerant volume in the refrigeration cycle.
- the refrigerant lines are completely or at least partially disposed below the heat exchangers, when the housing is arranged so that the upper portion of the housing facing upward. If the heat exchangers operate in the condenser mode, the refrigerant can drain into the lower refrigerant lines. This avoids the accumulation of liquid refrigerant in the heat exchangers.
- the refrigerant is a natural refrigerant, preferably R152a (1,1-difluoroethane), R290 (propane), R1270 (propene), R744 (CO2 (carbon dioxide)), R32 (difluoromethane) and / or R600a (isobutane). , particularly preferably R290 (propane).
- one of the heat exchangers is preferably a water heat exchanger, preferably a plate-water heat exchanger.
- the decentralized air handling units with integrated refrigerant circuit must have a waste heat solution.
- the water heat exchanger has ports for connection to a water system. The waste heat can then be given in operation in an advantageous manner by means of the water heat exchanger to a water network, which is connected to the terminals, and used elsewhere. The waste heat system further improves the energy efficiency of the air conditioning system.
- the air treatment area comprises a ventilation fan and the heat exchanger for air treatment, which is preferably designed as a refrigerant / air heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger or refrigerant / air heat exchanger can be configured circular, but also have any other shape.
- the air to be treated comes into contact with the heat exchanger for air treatment or the refrigerant / air heat exchanger of the refrigeration cycle.
- the air is preferably circulated by means of the ventilation fan and guided past the heat exchanger.
- In the lower part of the housing are preferably openings through which the room air is sucked in and is passed for treatment on the heat exchanger for air treatment or refrigerant / air heat exchanger.
- Also in the lower portion of the housing are preferably additional openings through which the treated air is blown back into the room.
- the air treatment device has a, preferably built-in, control system which controls and / or monitors one or more components of the air treatment device.
- the control system may control one or more of the following quantities and elements: the ventilation fan, in particular the speed of the propeller; the suction pressure of the refrigerant circuit at the inlet of the compressor; the speed of the compressor; the change from heating mode to cooling mode by operating or switching the four-way valve and the solenoid valves.
- the control system may monitor one or more components of the air handling device. The monitoring preferably takes place via sensors which measure a value and transmit the measured value to the control system. The measured value can then be compared, for example, with a predetermined threshold value or a permissible value range.
- control system comprises a control circuit for controlling the suction pressure.
- the control circuit further includes at least a pressure sensor, a vacuum switch and a high pressure switch.
- the suction pressure is detected by the pressure sensor and the detected value is used to regulate the speed of the compressor.
- the suction pressure is kept constant during operation at 6.0 + 0.3 bar.
- the control system interfaces with a building management system and is adapted to respond to a request signal received via the interface.
- the building management system can have a sensor for monitoring the room temperature, so that the building management system can preferably be controlled or operated based on the room temperature and in particular control or influence the control system on this basis, for example by providing a corresponding request signal or by providing a for the room temperature representative signal received by the control system and processed accordingly.
- the waste heat produced is delivered to a water system.
- the building management system may also control a pump of the water system in this embodiment.
- the building management system can have a temperature sensor (WT) for monitoring the water temperature and preferably control its operation or the operation of the control system based on the water temperature.
- WT temperature sensor
- the air treatment device is preferably adapted to operate in either a cooling mode or a heating mode.
- the room air conditioning can then be done regardless of whether heated or cooled, the same device.
- the four-way valve is switched by means of a magnetic coil. It is thus possible to switch between a heating mode and a cooling mode.
- the four-way valve is preferably designed so that the solenoid is activated in the cooling mode and is deactivated in the heating mode.
- activated refers to the fact that a current flows through the coil and builds up a magnetic field. This magnetic field acts on the switch of the four-way valve and switches the four-way valve into the cooling mode.
- the four-way valve is in the deactivated state in the heating mode position, so that no further steps with respect to the four-way valve must be taken at this point. There are no further steps in the waiting times.
- the duration of the waiting times is preferably at least 5 seconds.
- the second solenoid valve is opened by a current flowing through the solenoid of the second solenoid valve and a magnetic field generated.
- the first solenoid valve remains closed.
- the suction pressure is monitored by means of the control circuit for controlling the suction pressure.
- the waiting times are used for internal pressure compensation in the refrigerant circuit and reduce the risk of liquid shocks.
- the solenoid of the four-way valve Upon activation of the cooling mode, immediately after receipt of the prompt signal, the solenoid of the four-way valve is activated with no intentional delay and the four-way valve is switched to the cooling mode. There are no further steps in the waiting times.
- the duration of the third and fourth waiting times is preferably at least 5 seconds.
- the first solenoid valve is opened by a current flowing through the solenoid of the first solenoid valve and generates a magnetic field.
- the second solenoid valve remains closed.
- the suction pressure is monitored by means of the control circuit for controlling the suction pressure.
- the second solenoid valve is closed by interrupting the current flowing through the solenoid of the second solenoid valve.
- the suction pressure is monitored by means of the control circuit for controlling the suction pressure. When monitoring the suction pressure, a measured value is continuously compared with a threshold value. If the measured value reaches the threshold value p min , the compressor is switched off.
- the first solenoid valve is closed by interrupting the current flowing through the solenoid of the first solenoid valve.
- the suction pressure is monitored by means of the control circuit for controlling the suction pressure.
- a measured value is continuously compared with a threshold value. If the measured value reaches the threshold value p min , the compressor is switched off.
- the solenoid of the four-way valve is also deactivated, ie the current which was interrupted by the magnetic coil.
- the four-way valve is in the deactivated state again in heating mode.
- the first, second, third and fourth request signals are generated by the building management system.
- the control system receives the prompt signals generated by the building management system via the interface and initiates the appropriate steps.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of the air treatment device and its components.
- the air treatment device has a housing (20) in which the components are arranged.
- the housing (20) has a lower portion (21), which is permeable to air, and an upper portion (22) which is impermeable to air.
- the compressor (1) is connected to the refrigerant heat exchanger (3) by means of refrigerant pipes.
- the refrigerant heat exchanger (3) is arranged so that it is lower than the compressor (1).
- the first solenoid valve (5) is connected upstream of the first expansion valve (6).
- the water heat exchanger (2) transfers the heat to a waste heat system, such as an external water system, via water pipes (14).
- the four-way valve (8) is arranged in the housing above the compressor (1). The four-way valve (8) allows the system to switch from heating mode to cooling mode and vice versa.
- FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the components of the air treatment device from above.
- the air treatment device is spatially separated into two areas.
- the refrigerant / air heat exchanger (13) is located together with the ventilation fan (19) in the air treatment area (23).
- In the refrigeration cycle area is the compressor (1), the refrigerant heat exchanger (3), the solenoid valves (6, 10), expansion valves (6, 11), check valves (7,12) and the four-way valve (8).
- the second solenoid valve (10) and the associated second expansion valve (11) are visible.
- the second check valve (12) is connected in parallel to the second solenoid valve (10) and the second expansion valve (11).
- the refrigerant / air heat exchanger (13) is coil-shaped in the illustrated embodiment.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the air treatment device in the cooling mode.
- the first solenoid valve (5) is opened, and the solenoid of the four-way valve (8) is activated.
- the resulting directions of fluid flows are indicated by the bold arrows.
- the speed of the compressor (1) is controlled by means of the inverter speed control system (18).
- the building management system (BMS) is in connection with the control system (BC).
- the building management system (BMS) additionally comprises a temperature sensor (15), which measures the room temperature, so that the building management system and / or the control system can preferably be controlled or operated on the basis of the room temperature.
- the waste heat is conducted into a water system.
- the heat exchanger (2) has connections for corresponding water pipes (14).
- the water system includes, among other things, a pump (16) and a water temperature sensor (17).
- the pump (16) is controlled by the building management system (BMS), and the water temperature sensor (17) is also connected to the building management system (BMS) so that the building management system is preferably controlled based on a water temperature in the water system measured by the water temperature sensor (17) or can be operated and, for example, the control system can control on this basis.
- BMS building management system
- the control system (BC) controls the solenoid valves (5, 10), the four-way valve (8), the compressor speed by means of the inverter speed control system (18), and the speed of the ventilation fan (19).
- the suction pressure at the compressor (1) is monitored by means of a suction pressure sensor (p 0 ).
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the air treatment device in the heating mode.
- the first solenoid valve (5) is closed, the second solenoid valve (10) is open, and the solenoid of the four-way valve (8) is deactivated.
- the resulting directions of the fluid flows are again indicated by the bold arrows.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
- Central Air Conditioning (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102018106261.3A DE102018106261A1 (de) | 2018-03-16 | 2018-03-16 | Dezentralisierte Luftbehandlungsvorrichtung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3540323A2 true EP3540323A2 (fr) | 2019-09-18 |
| EP3540323A3 EP3540323A3 (fr) | 2019-11-13 |
Family
ID=65818230
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19163258.7A Withdrawn EP3540323A3 (fr) | 2018-03-16 | 2019-03-15 | Dispositif décentralisé de traitement de l'air |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3540323A3 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE102018106261A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2037142B1 (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2025-09-08 | Quatt B V | Room temperature control system for cooling and/or heating a room in a building |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021126837A1 (de) | 2021-10-15 | 2023-04-20 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Betriebsverfahren für eine Kälteanlage im Wärmepumpenbetrieb bei tiefen Umgebungstemperaturen und Kraftfahrzeug mit einer derart betriebenen Kälteanlage |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3747362A (en) * | 1972-03-29 | 1973-07-24 | Leach G | Space cooling system |
| GB2125159A (en) * | 1982-07-16 | 1984-02-29 | William Armond Dunne | Dehumidifier |
-
2018
- 2018-03-16 DE DE102018106261.3A patent/DE102018106261A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2019
- 2019-03-15 EP EP19163258.7A patent/EP3540323A3/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL2037142B1 (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2025-09-08 | Quatt B V | Room temperature control system for cooling and/or heating a room in a building |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3540323A3 (fr) | 2019-11-13 |
| DE102018106261A1 (de) | 2019-09-19 |
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