Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
  • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
  • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
  • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
  • B27D1/08—Manufacture of shaped articles; Presses specially designed therefor
  • B27D1/083—Presses specially designed for making the manufacture of shaped plywood articles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
  • B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
  • B27G11/005—Glue guns, glue sprayers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27G—ACCESSORY MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; TOOLS FOR WORKING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIALS; SAFETY DEVICES FOR WOOD WORKING MACHINES OR TOOLS
  • B27G11/00—Applying adhesives or glue to surfaces of wood to be joined
  • B27G11/02—Glue vessels; Apparatus for warming or heating glue
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
  • B27M—WORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
  • B27M3/00—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles
  • B27M3/22—Manufacture or reconditioning of specific semi-finished or finished articles of sport articles, e.g. bowling pins, frames of tennis rackets, skis, paddles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
  • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B21/00—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board
  • B32B21/13—Layered products comprising a layer of wood, e.g. wood board, veneer, wood particle board all layers being exclusively wood
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
  • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
  • B32B27/08—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
  • B32B38/18—Handling of layers or the laminate
  • B32B38/1866—Handling of layers or the laminate conforming the layers or laminate to a convex or concave profile
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
  • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
  • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B9/00—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00
  • B32B9/02—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch
  • B32B9/025—Layered products comprising a layer of a particular substance not covered by groups B32B11/00 - B32B29/00 comprising animal or vegetable substances, e.g. cork, bamboo, starch comprising leather
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
  • B32B2037/1253—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
  • B32B2037/1253—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive
  • B32B2037/1261—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives curable adhesive moisture curable
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
  • B32B2307/51—Elastic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/706—Anisotropic
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
  • B32B2307/70—Other properties
  • B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2317/00—Animal or vegetable based
  • B32B2317/16—Wood, e.g. woodboard, fibreboard, woodchips
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2439/00—Containers; Receptacles
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2479/00—Furniture
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B2571/00—Protective equipment
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
  • B32B37/1207—Heat-activated adhesive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
  • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
  • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
  • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
  • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
  • B32B37/18—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of discrete sheets or panels only

Definitions

• Deformable shape memory article method of manufacturing a deformable shape memory article and laminate obtained during the implementation of the manufacturing method
• the invention relates to a shape memory deformable article, to a method manufacturing a deformable shape memory article and a laminate obtained during the implementation of the manufacturing method.
• deformable article shape memory means here an article having a certain shape, especially in three dimensions (3D), and able to elastically deform and return reversibly to this form after elastic deformation.
• Deformable shape memory articles such as ski mask frames, diving fins, plastic chairs and the like, are generally made by molding synthetic material and / or natural or synthetic rubber.
• Such a method of manufacture allows great flexibility in the products obtained, especially in terms of shapes and dimensions (eg adaptation to morphology, etc.).
• it requires the design of expensive and complex molds in particular because they require a surface condition with very low roughness.
• These molds are also associated with heavy and expensive production tool installations.
• This method of manufacture is not suitable for small or medium series. It offers, moreover, little flexibility in the implementation of the manufacturing process.
• the articles resulting from this manufacturing process have little geometrical customization because of the need to mass-produce and do not enjoy a quality image because of the material used.
• the wood matrix In order to obtain complex 3D wood products, the wood matrix must be completely unstructured following a long, complex and expensive process. then the different layers of wood are glued by a rigid glue and the article has no elasticity, it is not in shape memory within the meaning of the invention.
• the product obtained is rigid and / or in the case of plate product, it may bend but returns to the plate position as soon as the force is removed, ie the product fails to keep a given form, in particular 3D, other than plane.
• Previous shaped articles are generally obtained by high bending pressure processes, between molds and counter mold steel, with disadvantages similar to those mentioned above for the manufacture of plastic article.
• the known articles can only present relatively simple shapes, with deformation only following a radius and an angle. They can not, for example, present more complicated forms, especially in 3D, bending radii and bending angles varied or antagonistic.
• WO 2011/101735 discloses, in particular, an article obtained from a laminate comprising layers of wood structure and a bonding layer interposed between the layers of wood structure and consisting of an adhesive substance made of elastomer crosslinkable. To allow deformation of the laminate to obtain a 3D article, metal structure layers are interposed between the wooden structure layers.
• the structural layers are plastically deformed and the bonding layer is rigid after crosslinking.
• the metal structural layers have a certain resilience, the article obtained is not deformable shape memory within the meaning of the invention, that is to say that it can not deform elastically and return to this shape in 3D after elastic deformation.
• the article of document WO 2011/101735 imposes the presence of layers of metal structure and does not offer satisfactory modularity.
• the invention aims to overcome the problems mentioned above.
• the invention proposes a deformable article with shape memory, the article comprising a laminate, the laminate comprising:
• the bonding layer comprising a crosslinkable adhesive substance made of elastomer and spread over at least a portion of the joining surfaces of the structural layers, the adhesive substance being at least partially crosslinked,
• the adhesive substance is viscoelastic.
• the adhesive substance Because of its viscoelastic nature, the adhesive substance is little or not subject to creep and allows relative sliding of the structural layers and thus a shear in the laminate which results in deformation capacities including flexion and torsion, including after crosslinking of the adhesive substance and, if appropriate, after shaping in 3D. Furthermore, this construction makes it possible to obtain, if desired, 3D curved or curved shapes and therefore much more complicated but also more pleasing to the eye and / or better adapted to the needs.
• the use of the viscoelastic adhesive substance enables low-pressure, controlled-thickness bonding and better management of the mechanical properties, including flexibility and elasticity, of the laminate to achieve the desired behavior of the resulting article. .
• the mechanical properties of the laminate may be modulated either locally or throughout the laminate by calibrating the thickness and / or modifying the composition of the adhesive substance as appropriate to the desired result in the manufacture of the article.
• the resulting article has a large number of advantages among which a possibility of elastic and therefore reversible deformations, both in bending and torsion, and vibration damping.
• the crosslinked adhesive substance may have an elongation at break of between 90% and 1500%, especially between 400% and 1200%.
• the adhesive substance may have a dynamic viscosity at 20 C of between 200 mPa.s at 12500 mPa.s, preferably between 200 mPa.s and 7000 mPa.s.
• the adhesive substance may be an adhesive sealant chosen from a one-component condensation-curable adhesive sealant and a bicomponent adhesive sealant curable by intercation, preferably at ambient humidity and / or by thermal activation and / or by actinic activation, said mastic glue being preferably chosen from polyurethanes, silane-modified polyurethanes, silicones, polysulfides, polyethers, modified polyethers silanes and mixtures thereof. It is also possible to consider adhesives based on natural rubber that can be crosslinked by vulcanization.
• the adhesive substance may be of the hot melt type.
• the bonding layer may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicular to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, of between 0.01 mm and 2 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 1.2 mm, preferably between 0.15 mm. and 1.2 mm.
• a thickness of the bonding layer of between 0.15 mm and 1.2 mm further promotes shearing within the bonding layer and improves the deformation capabilities of the article.
• the laminate may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the joining surfaces of the structural layers, less than or equal to 30 cm, preferably to 10 cm.
• At least one of the structural layers may comprise a material having anisotropic mechanical behavior.
• the invention aims at producing complex articles, in particular three-dimensional and in particular curved with possibly curves in different directions, of the type of those obtained by plastic molding, but in noble materials, ecological and durable, including the wood.
• the article can consist essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, especially at least 70%, preferably at least 80% wood. At least one of the structural layers is then a wood sheet consisting essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, in particular at least 70%, preferably at least 80% of wood.
• the wood sheet may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the fastening surface, of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
• the laminate can be shaped so as to have at least one curvature in at least one plane and generally several curvatures in several planes and / or in different directions, obtained by forming with die / punch or molding, and kept in shape by the adhesive substance.
• Such an article has, at rest, a non-planar 3D shape with curvatures in very different directions and a contour, while being deformable with shape memory.
• the shaped article can easily be demolded and removed from the mold (mold / against mold, and / or matrix / punch) even in the case of complex shapes and with counterpacks .
• Molds or forming tools are therefore much simpler to make in case of shapes complex and the manufacturing process is much more flexible and less expensive than traditional plastic molding or injection molding processes.
• the manufacturing process is particularly suitable for the production of small series.
• the invention proposes a method for manufacturing a deformable shape memory article, comprising:
• the laminate comprising a plurality of structural layers respectively having facing surfaces of joining, the structural layers being elastically deformable, and at least one joining layer interposed between the fastening surfaces of the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a viscoelastic adhesive substance crosslinkable elastomer and extended over at least a portion of the bonding surfaces of the structural layers,
• Such a manufacturing method may in particular be implemented to obtain an article as defined above.
• the manufacturing method can be easily implemented with inexpensive low pressure molding material and process.
• the manufacturing process may provide, during the assembly step, to vary a distribution of the adhesive substance of the bonding layer.
• the variation in the distribution of the adhesive substance may result in particular from a difference in the composition of the bonding layer or in the thickness of the bonding layer. It is thus possible to adapt the bonding layer to the particular application of the manufactured article. This adaptation can be made between different articles but also within the same article, depending on the desired behavior.
• the manufacturing process may provide, during the assembly step, to vary a distribution of the adhesive substance of the bonding layer.
• the manufacturing method may provide, during the forming step, to shape the laminate so as to have at least one curvature in at least one plane.
• the manufacturing method can provide, during the forming step, to shape the article by pressing the laminate against a matrix or a mold, having the shape of the article.
• the matrix or the mold presents as appropriate a or several curvatures in one or more planes and especially in several directions, that is to say a more or less complex 3D shape.
• the matrix / mold may have recessed or raised areas.
• the bonding layer can be interposed between the bonding surfaces before crosslinking of the adhesive substance and, during the forming step, the laminate structure layers can be deformed before crosslinking of the adhesive substance.
• the article shaped from the curved laminate i.e. having at least one curvature in at least one direction, can be recovered after crosslinking at least a portion of the adhesive substance.
• the manufacturing method may further comprise a patronizing step in which the structure layers are cut according to the outline of the article. During the patronage stage:
• the laminate made at the assembly step can be cut, and / or
• the article obtained after the forming step can be cut.
• the sponsoring step is implemented before interposing the bonding layer between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers and to produce the laminate.
• the invention provides a laminate obtained at the end of the assembly step of the manufacturing method as defined above, comprising a plurality of structural layers respectively having facing surfaces of solidarity, the layers of structure being elastically deformable, and at least one bonding layer interposed between the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a viscoelastic adhesive substance crosslinkable elastomer and extended over at least a portion of the bonding surfaces of the layers of structure, the adhesive substance being uncrosslinked.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation in perspective of an article consisting essentially of wood obtained by the implementation of an embodiment of the manufacturing method according to the invention, the article comprising a plurality of structural layers; consisting essentially of wood, and at least one bonding layer interposed between the structural layers, the bonding layer comprising a crosslinkable viscoelastic adhesive substance of elastomer,
• FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a patronizing step of the manufacturing process during which superposed structural layers are cut along an outline of the article;
• FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of an assembly step of the manufacturing process during which the adhesive substance is deposited on at least one bonding surface of each cut structural layer before crosslinking of the adhesive substance,
• FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the assembly step of the manufacturing process during which the adhesive substance is spread on the bonding surface before crosslinking of the adhesive substance to form the bonding layer,
• FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of the assembly step of the manufacturing process during which a laminate is produced by interposing the bonding layers between the structural layers before crosslinking the adhesive substance,
• FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a mold shaped according to a shape of the article
• FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of a forming step of the manufacturing process during which the article is shaped by pressing the laminate on the mold so as to deform the laminate structure layers before cross-linking the adhesive substance, the laminate being pressed onto the mold by a vacuum tarpaulin subjected to a depression,
• FIG. 8 is a schematic representation of a variant of the forming step of the manufacturing method of Figure 7 in which the laminate is pressed on the mold by a mold against.
• FIG. 1 schematically represents an embodiment of an article 1 obtained from a laminate 5 comprising several superimposed layers of structure 6 between which solidarity layers 7 are interposed.
• article 1 is the armature 2 of a mask of protection for the eyes of a user during the practice of mountain activities in winter.
• the frame 2 comprises a frame 3 delimiting a recess 4.
• the laminate 5 consists essentially of wood, that is at least 50% wood, and in particular at least 70% wood, preferably at least 80% wood.
• One or more of the structural layers 6 are wood sheets consisting essentially of wood, that is to say at least 50% wood, and in particular at least 70% wood, preferably wood. at least 80% wood.
• the wood used for the wood sheets can be of any appropriate type in particular in terms of gasoline or provenance (natural, recycled, fall recovery, etc.).
• the structural layers 6 may also comprise elastically deformable sheets of other types than wood and in particular sheets of metal, plastic material, composite material, leather or other.
• Each of the layers of structure 6 has opposite securing surfaces having a length L and a width 1 according to first D1 and second directions D2 perpendicular to each other, and a thickness e measured in a third direction D3 perpendicular to the first D1 and second D2 directions between the two fastening surfaces.
• Each layer of structure 6 has a thickness e reduced with respect to length L and width 1.
• Each wood sheet may in particular have a thickness of between 0.1 mm and 5 mm.
• Each of the bonding layers 7 comprises an adhesive substance 8 made of crosslinkable or polymerizable elastomer.
• the adhesive substance has a viscoelastic behavior.
• the adhesive substance 8 may have an elongation at break of between 90% and 1500%, in particular between 400% and 1200%.
• the adhesive substance 8 consists of a one-component adhesive seal that is cross-linkable by condensation, preferably at ambient humidity and / or by thermal activation and / or actinic activation.
• the adhesive mastic may be chosen from polyurethanes, silane-modified polyurethanes, silicones, polysulfides, polyethers, modified polyethers silanes and mixtures thereof.
• the adhesive substance 8 could consist of a two-component adhesive sealant crosslinkable by intercation. One can also consider natural rubber.
• the adhesive substance 8 may have, in the uncrosslinked state, a viscosity suitable for application in a layer of substantially constant thickness or not, for example a dynamic viscosity at 20 ° C between 200 mPa.s at 12500 mPa.s, preferably between 200 mPa.s and 7000 mPa.s.
• an adhesive substance 8 By interposing such an adhesive substance 8 between the fastening surfaces of the structural layers 6, a shear between the elastically deformable structure layers 6 is allowed so that the article 1 can be generally deformable and present a shape memory is that is, to be able to reversibly return to its original shape after deformation. It can also be shaped, -galbé-, so as to have one or more curvatures around one or more axes while preserving its deformable character shape memory.
• Article 1 may in particular have a three-dimensional shape such as that of the protective mask (ski mask) shown. An article having a certain shape in 3D and able to deform elastically and return to this shape in 3D after elastic deformation is thus obtained.
• This adhesive substance 8 is viscous, which makes it possible to adapt its concentration and / or the thickness within the same article or article to another so as to obtain the desired behavior.
• the article 1 is obtained by the implementation of a manufacturing method of which a particular non-limiting embodiment is described in relation with FIGS. 2 to 8.
• Plates in which the structure layers 6 are formed are stored. They include wooden plates in which the wood sheets are formed and possibly plates of any other nature suitable for the realization of the article 1. They include, for example, rectangular wood plates of 3500 mm in length, of 300 mm wide and 0.6 mm thick.
• FIG. 2 illustrates a patronizing step during which the structure layers 6 are cut in accordance with a contour of the article 1.
• the predefined plates 10 in small plates 11, for example 240 mm of length and 110 mm in width are superimposed over a height h, for example 60 mm.
• the layers of structure 6 are then cut according to an outer contour of the frame 3 of the frame 2 and an inner contour of the recess 4 of the frame 2.
• the cutting of the structural layers 6 can be carried out in any appropriate manner and in particular by means of a laser cutter for making a precise cut, a punch for a series cut and / or a cutter for a linear cut.
• the wood sheets may be arranged in a desired orientation of the wood sheets in item 1, including 0 °, 90 °, + 45 ° or -45 °. This makes it possible to obtain a particular character of rigidity or flexion, orthotropic or pseudo-isotropic.
• the layers of structure 6 can be the subject of a treatment.
• the wood sheets may be dyed in particular in a bath of aqueous hue.
• the wood sheets may undergo a surface treatment in order to facilitate the bonding.
• FIGS. 3 to 5 show an assembly step of the manufacturing process consisting in producing the laminate 5 by interposing the bonding layers 7 between the layers of structure 6.
• the adhesive substance 8 is deposited, before crosslinking the adhesive substance 8, by any appropriate means, such as a pneumatic gun 16, on at least one of the joining surfaces of each structural layer 6.
• the adhesive substance 8 is spread out, for example by means of a manual sizing device 17, on the bonding surface before crosslinking of the adhesive substance 8 to form the bonding layer 7.
• the deposition and spreading of the adhesive substance 8 can be obtained by means of automated means.
• the bonding layer 7 may have a maximum thickness, measured perpendicularly to the bonding surfaces of the structural layers, of between 0.01 mm and 2 mm, in particular between 0.05 mm and 1.2 mm, preferably between 0.15 and 0.15 mm. mm and 1.2 mm.
• the structure layers 6 are stacked with the joining surface of one of the structure layers 6 facing the joining surface of the adjacent structure layer 6. The stacking is carried out before cross-linking of the adhesive substance 8, where appropriate in a sequence determined as to the orientation of the wood sheets.
• the laminate 5 having superimposed layers of structure 6 and bonding layers 7 interposed between the bonding surfaces, with the uncrosslinked adhesive substance 8 is obtained.
• the laminate 5 may have a thickness E measured perpendicular to the fastening surfaces of the layers of structure 6 less than 30 cm, preferably less than 10 cm, for example 3 cm.
• the article 5 before crosslinking of the adhesive substance 8, the article 5 is shaped during a forming step of the laminate 5 so as to deform the structural layers 6.
• the laminate 5 then has a or several curvatures in different directions in one or more distinct and secant planes.
• deformation is applied to maintain the wood sheets in the elastic domain.
• the deformation applied may be elastic or plastic.
• the laminate could remain flat, the forming step comprising only the crosslinking of the adhesive substance.
• the laminate 5 is pressed onto a mold 20, shown in FIG. 6, shaped according to a shape of the article 1.
• the mold 20 can be made in any suitable material, especially medium density fiberboard (MDF), composite material, plaster, aluminum or other, for example by 3D printing or strato-conception.
• MDF medium density fiberboard
• the mold 20 is a positive mold generally having the shape of the top of a face on which the armature 2 of the mask will apply.
• the laminate 5 is placed on the mold 20 and positioned using rods 21 whose length corresponds substantially, for example to 10%, to the thickness E of the laminate 5 to avoid disturbing or reducing a pressure implemented. on the laminate 5 to deform the structural layers 6.
• the laminate 5 could be positioned and held in place by any suitable means.
• a recessed indentation in dashed lines in FIG. 6 could be provided in addition to or in replacement of the rods or any other member for holding the laminate.
• the laminate 5 is pressed onto the bending mold 20 by means of a vacuum press employing a vacuum membrane 22, for example made of silicone or polyurethane 600% elongation, subjected to a depression.
• the shaping is obtained at a temperature between 15 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 25 ° C and 120 ° C, with a pressure of -0.9 bar applied for 7 to 24 minutes for a polyurethane adhesive substance and 15 seconds to 20 minutes for an adhesive substance 8 of the hotmelt type.
• the laminate 5 in order to bend the laminate 5, can be pressed onto the mold 20 by a counter-mold 25.
• the shaping of the article 1 could be achieved by bending the laminate 5 by pressing it into a negative mold.
• the method is applicable to the production of other articles in forms and plates looking for the same flexibility and / or mechanical characteristics, and for example diving fins, furniture, packaging, bodywork, object art and deco, art piece, hull, sports accessories, design objects, glasses, container, play, interior and exterior panels, book cover, accessories protection and overall any article that can be designed with a laminate shaped or plate.
• elastically deformable that is to say able to return to their original form (for example , a shape given by a mold) after deformation under a determined effort (not exceeding their elastic limit).
• a frame 2 of a protective mask similar to that shown in the figures has been manufactured from a laminate comprising:
• the laminate 5 was shaped in a mold at a pressing temperature of 80 ° C for 30 minutes.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-12-19 FR FR1662791A patent/FR3060439B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2017
  • 2017-12-18 EP EP17829233.0A patent/EP3554833A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-12-18 WO PCT/FR2017/053640 patent/WO2018115673A1/fr not_active Ceased

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