EP3587704B1 - Schalung zur ausführung von öffnungen, und ihr montageverfahren - Google Patents

Schalung zur ausführung von öffnungen, und ihr montageverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3587704B1
EP3587704B1 EP19182985.2A EP19182985A EP3587704B1 EP 3587704 B1 EP3587704 B1 EP 3587704B1 EP 19182985 A EP19182985 A EP 19182985A EP 3587704 B1 EP3587704 B1 EP 3587704B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
block
corner
formwork
dummy
blocks
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EP19182985.2A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3587704A1 (de
Inventor
Henri MASSIOT
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Massiot Invest
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Massiot Invest
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
    • E04G15/06—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for cavities or channels in walls of floors, e.g. for making chimneys
    • E04G15/063—Re-usable forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G15/00—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels
    • E04G15/02—Forms or shutterings for making openings, cavities, slits, or channels for windows, doors, or the like

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a formwork dummy for the formation of reservations of openings in a concrete wall, sometimes referred to more generally in the following as setting material, and its mounting method.
  • mannequins are attached to the formwork by any appropriate means, for example by screwing, nailing, if the formwork is made of wood, or by welding or by means of magnets if the formwork is metal.
  • This step in addition to damaging the mannequins, which therefore cannot always be reused, involves inevitable damage to the wall, in particular to the edges of the reservation, creating spalling at the edges.
  • the document WO 2014/096623 describes a formwork device for making a reservation adapted to the dimensions of an opening in a poured concrete wall.
  • This formwork device comprises at least one main panel, at least one additional panel, wedges and connecting elements arranged to produce an assembly in the same plane of the at least one main panel of the at least one additional panel and wedges.
  • the formwork device assembled in one piece is installed in the position of the opening to be created inside the formwork.
  • This operation is complicated to implement due to the weight of the formwork device in the assembled state. A single user will have difficulty transporting the device or will use a machine to be able to move it more easily.
  • the applicant company has developed a formwork dummy for forming openings in a wall which can be easily mounted by a single user directly on the formwork element while being removable without damage. and reusable for forming other reservations.
  • a filling block may comprise a handling handle formed hollow on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, on which a formwork is intended to be applied for the casting of the material to be set, or formed by a bar passing through a cavity formed in the block on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, said cavity possibly being through to receive a single bar allowing manipulation of a block by one face or another.
  • a filling block may comprise at least one reservation for the placement of a magnet on at least one of its end faces in the mounting position, on which a formwork is intended to be applied for the casting of the material socket, said formwork being a metal formwork and the magnet(s) being intended to cooperate with the latter, the reservation(s) possibly being through reservations.
  • a filler block may include at least one notch intended to receive part of a self-centering splint said filler block with an adjacent filler block in the assembly position, said adjacent filler block comprising a notch for receiving the other part of the splint, which comes into the assembly position and is placed in the notches without protruding corresponding faces of the two blocks then coming to lie in the extension of one another.
  • formwork/stripping keys may be capable of being arranged side by side in a space between two facing assemblies, two adjacent plates belonging to two adjacent formwork/stripping keys being able to be connected by a flexible link.
  • the formwork dummy may also comprise a set of blocks or strips called “additional thickness and sealing blocks” or “additional thickness and sealing strips” capable of being applied against a filling block or at least on the outer edges of a corner assembly to complete the filling according to the thickness of the wall and to ensure sealing, said blocks or said extra thickness and sealing strips being able to be inserted, by a peripheral projection of said block or of said strip in a corresponding groove of the filling block concerned.
  • the formwork dummy may further comprise at least one member integrated in a filling block disposed in a corner or on one side of the formwork dummy and able to be controlled for, once the setting material has been put in place and said formwork/stripping removed, bring out, as the case may be, at an angle or laterally, a thrust element on the adjacent walls of the material having undergone setting in order to ensure the separation of said filling block.
  • the rod may have, in its part adjacent to the control, a projection, such as a collar, capable of coming into abutment against a wall of the cavity at the end of the translation stroke to prevent the rod from leaving the cavity.
  • a projection such as a collar
  • the rod can be mounted to be perpendicular to a horizontal or vertical side wall when it is intended to open into said side wall, respectively horizontal or vertical, the corresponding end wall of said rod being perpendicular to the mean line thereof. this.
  • the rod can be mounted to be disposed at an angle of 45° to emerge in a corner, preferably an upper corner of the filling block, the corresponding end wall of said rod having a widened part having two walls intended to come to flower, one with a side wall of said block and the other with the adjacent side wall of said block at 90° from the previous one, a widening of the cavity housing the stem being made in such a way corresponding in said filling block for the reception of said widened part.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 there are shown elements in the shape of a rectangular parallelepiped, called “filling blocks”, which belong to a kit for producing a formwork dummy according to the present invention.
  • a first filling block 1 said to be of greater width
  • a filler block 2 said to be of smaller width
  • the kit according to the present invention will have a plurality of filler blocks 1, a plurality of filler blocks 2 as well as a plurality of so-called intermediate width filler blocks, not shown.
  • Filling block 1 will be described in more detail below with reference to the Figures 6 to 8 .
  • the kit according to the present invention also has a plurality of elements called formwork/stripping keys. Three of these elements are represented on the Figure 3 .
  • a formwork/stripping key 3 consists of two plates 31 and 32 parallel to each other and interconnected by a central connecting member 33 .
  • the member 33 also makes it possible to adjust the spacing between the plates 31 and 32 and comprises an adjustment button 34 making it possible to actuate a mechanism located in a housing 35 for adjusting the spacing. Examples of adjustment mechanism will be described in more detail below in connection with the Figures 9 to 11 .
  • the plates 31 and 32 of the shuttering/stripping keys 3 are typically made of a rigid plastic material such as polypropylene, optionally filled with glass fibres.
  • the superposed keys 3 can be connected to each other by a link 36 which will be fixed to one of the plates of the first key and to the plate on the same side of the directly adjacent key.
  • Links 3 6 can also be arranged on the opposite plates, as shown in the Figure 3 .
  • the links 36 can be links made of a flexible material, such as a polyamide such as nylon.
  • the filling blocks of the kit according to the present invention all have a single thickness which corresponds to the classic thickness of concrete walls poured today, for example 18 cm.
  • the kit according to the present invention also advantageously comprises elements which will make it possible to cast walls of greater thickness.
  • the extra thickness elements consist of elements in the form of elongated rectangular parallelepipeds 4 1 and 4 2 , called extra thickness blocks, which can be placed on each filling block.
  • the thickening blocks are placed by any means on the edges of the corner assembly/corner filler block whose thickness is to be increased. The arrangement of these extra thickness blocks will be illustrated below with reference to the Figures 25 and 26 .
  • the filling block 1 is typically a block of parallelepiped shape formed of a frame/envelope 10 of plastic material, for example of polypropylene optionally filled with glass fibers, and filled with a foam 11.
  • the foam 11 can be a hard foam capable of withstanding compression, such as polyurethane foam.
  • two handles 12 are recessed on at least one of the end faces of the latter when it is in the mounting position.
  • the handles 12 are formed in the frame 10 in its middle part by practicing for each handle 12 two recesses of L-shaped section so that a handle 12 of T-section is formed as can be seen in the section of the Picture 7 .
  • the formwork panels used to form the wall are made of metal
  • two reservations 13 are formed which will each receive a magnet at inside them.
  • the first reservation 13 is formed in the upper part of the block and at a distance from each of its edges, the second reservation 13 being formed by symmetry with the first reservation.
  • block 1 can be placed easily against the form to form the dummy, block 1 being held by a magnet against the form.
  • the reservations 13 are rectangular in shape but these reservations can of course be of any other shape depending on the magnet that one wishes to accommodate in them.
  • notches 14 which are intended to receive self-centering splints which make it possible to properly align the filling block 1 with a neighboring block during the construction of the dummy of formwork.
  • the notches 14 are regularly distributed along each edge of the block 1.
  • the concrete has a strong adhesive force that causes the filling blocks that were in direct contact with the concrete to adhere to the freshly formed wall.
  • the filling blocks each have a plurality of members which will make it possible to ensure the separation of the blocks.
  • detachment members consist of a movable element in translation housed in a cavity formed in block 1 and opening out into a part of the outer surface of said block.
  • the movable element is capable of moving, under the action of a command, from a position in which one of its ends comes flush with said outer surface part and a position in which this end protrudes from the block 1 .
  • a separation member is placed in one of the corners of block 1 so that the movable element is placed at 45° and emerges in one of the corners of block 1.
  • Another separation member is placed in the vicinity of each edge of block 1 in the middle of each edge so that the movable element protrudes from the corresponding side wall of block 1.
  • openings are created on at least one of the end faces of the block 1.
  • the opening 15 allows access to the mechanism of the detachment member located in the corner of block 1, and the openings 16 to the detachment members located in the sides of block 1.
  • This first gap adjustment mechanism is a mechanism with three bevel gears which are placed in the housing 35 .
  • the adjustment button 34 is connected by a rod 36 to a first bevel pinion 37 .
  • Bevel gear 37 is meshed with two other bevel gears 3s and 39 .
  • the bevel pinion 3s is connected to a threaded rod 310 and the pinion 39 to a threaded rod 311 .
  • the housing 35 of course includes the orifices necessary for the passage of the rods 36 , 310 and 311 .
  • Cavities 312 and 313 are made respectively in plate 31 and 32. These cavities 312 and 313 are threaded so that the threads formed in them cooperate with those of the rods 310 and 311 respectively.
  • rods 310 and 311 are such that when knob 34 is turned in one direction, pinions 38 and 39 drive said rods 310 and 311 so that plates 31 and 3 2 approach or move away from each other in the same movement.
  • the plates will of course move in the opposite direction to that in which they move when button 34 is moved in the first direction.
  • Rods and bevel gears can be made of metal or a plastic material such as PVC.
  • button 34 is connected by a rod, not shown, to a toothed wheel 314 , located in housing 35 .
  • the toothed wheel 314 cooperates with two racks 315 and 316 .
  • the rack 3 15 is located in a first part of the casing 3 5 , in the vicinity of one of its walls, and protrudes from the latter to be integrated into the plate 3 1 .
  • the rack 316 is located in the opposite part of the housing 35 and protrudes from the latter to be integrated into the plate 32 .
  • the housing 35 of course comprises the openings necessary for the passage of the rod connecting the button 34 to the toothed wheel 314 and the racks 315 and 316 .
  • the toothed wheel 314 drives the racks 315 and 316 towards the inside of the housing 35 allowing the plates 31 and 32 from each other.
  • the button 34 is turned counter-clockwise, the plates 31 and 32 will move away from each other.
  • the toothed wheel and the racks can be made of metal or a plastic material such as PVC.
  • the Figures 12 and 13, and 14 and 15 represent two embodiments of a detachment member.
  • the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 relative to a vertical wall of the wall M which has just been formed.
  • the separation member consists of a rod 20 and a jack 22 which are located in a cavity 21 formed in the frame 10 of the block 1.
  • the rod 20 has a first end 20a which comes flush with the outer surface of block 1, and when the dummy is in place, comes into contact with the wall M.
  • the rod 20 has a second end 20b on which the piston 23 of the cylinder 22 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 20.
  • the cavity 21 has a first part 21a for guiding the sliding which is intended to guide the rod 20 in translation and a second part 21b for housing the cylinder 22 and for maneuvering the rod 20.
  • the cylinder 22 is contained in the part 21b of the cavity 21, the base of the cylinder 22 opposite the side from which the piston 23 can protrude coming into abutment against the bottom 21d of the cavity 21.
  • the rod 20 In the vicinity of its second end 20b, the rod 20 has a flange 20c.
  • This flange 20c can come into abutment against the edge 21c of the cavity 21 which is in the vicinity of the part 21a of the latter, at the end of the translational stroke.
  • the cooperation between the flange 20c and the edge 21c of the cavity 21 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 20 from leaving the cavity 21.
  • the cylinder 22 is actuated, for example using a hand pump, the piston 23 then protrudes and comes into contact against the second end 20b of the rod 20.
  • the Picture 15 and 16 represent an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to the Figures 12 and 13 .
  • the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the rod displacement control means.
  • the cylinder and piston device is replaced by an eccentric mechanism.
  • the eccentric mechanism comprises an ovoid cam 24 and a follower 25.
  • the follower 25 is in contact with the outer surface of the cam 24 and with the second end 20b of the rod 20.
  • the cam 24 has an adjustment knob 26 which can be have access through opening 16 of block 1.
  • the cam 24 When the block is installed in the formwork dummy, the cam 24 is in a first position shown in Picture 14 , so that the first end 20a of the rod 20 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M.
  • the cam 24 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 26, the cam 24 coming into contact with the follower 25 at the level of the outer surface which corresponds to the greater radius of the cam 24, as shown in the Picture 15 .
  • the follower 25 therefore exerts pressure against the second end 20b of the rod 20, and as the first end 20a of the rod 20 is blocked against the wall M, this causes the movement of the block 1 as a whole which will move away from the wall m.
  • the Figures 16 and 17 , and 18 and 19 represent two embodiments of a detachment member.
  • the detachment member makes it possible to detach the block 1 with respect to an angle of the wall M which has just been formed.
  • the separation member consists of a rod 30 and a jack 32 which are located in a cavity 31 formed in one of the corners of the frame 10 of the block 1.
  • the rod 30 has a first end 30a which comes flush with the outer surface of the block 1, and when the dummy is in place, comes into contact with the wall M.
  • the first end 30a is in the shape of an arrow, a first face 30a1 of said end coming , in the example shown, in contact with the vertical wall of the wall M, the second face 30a2 coming into contact with the horizontal wall of the wall M.
  • the rod 30 has a second end 30b on which the piston 33 of the cylinder 32 will come into contact in order to exert pressure on the rod 30.
  • the cavity 31 has a first part 31a for guiding the sliding which is intended to guide the rod 30 in translation and a second housing part 31b of cylinder 32. At its end coming into contact with the wall, the cavity is flared so that its shape corresponds to the arrow shape of the first end 30a of rod 30.
  • the cylinder 32 is contained in the part 31b of the cavity 31, the base of the cylinder 32 opposite the side from which the piston 33 can protrude coming into abutment against the bottom 31d of the cavity 31.
  • the rod 30 In the vicinity of its second end 30b, the rod 30 has a flange 30c.
  • This collar 30c can come into abutment against the edge 31c of the cavity 31 which are in the vicinity of the part 31a of the latter, at the end of the translational stroke.
  • the cooperation between the collar 30c and the edge 31c of the cavity 31 also makes it possible to prevent the rod 30 from leaving the cavity 31.
  • the cylinder 32 In order to take off the filling block from the wall M, the cylinder 32 is placed in the cavity 31 through the opening 15 of the block 1.
  • the cylinder 32 is a hydraulic cylinder and is actuated, for example using a hand pump, so that the piston 33 comes into contact against the second end 30b of the rod 30.
  • the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the walls of the wall M, the pressure exerted by the piston 33 on the second end 30b of the rod 30 will cause the whole of the block 1 to move away from the wall M thus allowing it to take off.
  • FIGS. 18 and 19 represent an alternative embodiment of the detachment member described with respect to the Figures 16 and 17 .
  • the rod used is identical to that of the first variant, the difference between the two variants lies in the rod displacement control means.
  • the cylinder is replaced by an eccentric mechanism.
  • the eccentric mechanism includes an ovoid cam 34 and a follower 35.
  • the follower 35 contacts the outer surface of the cam 34 and the second end 30b of the rod 30.
  • the cam 34 has an adjustment knob 36 which can be accessed through opening 15 of block 1.
  • cam 34 When block 1 is installed in the formwork dummy, cam 34 is in a first position shown in Picture 18 , so that the first end 30a of the rod 30 is flush with the surface of the block and in contact with the wall M.
  • the cam 34 is passed into a second position using the adjustment knob 36, the cam 34 coming into contact with the follower 35 at the level of the outer surface which corresponds to the greater radius of the cam 34, as shown in the Picture 19 .
  • the follower 35 therefore exerts pressure against the second end 30b of the rod 30, and as the first end 30a of the rod 30 is blocked against the wall M, this causes the movement of the block 1 as a whole which will move away from the wall m.
  • the rod displacement control means may be a lever arm accessible from outside the block and allowing the rod to be pushed to cause the block to come off.
  • two filler blocks may be directly adjacent to each other as shown in the figure. Picture 21 .
  • the splint 40 is in the form of a U with a large base 40a which has two legs 41a and 41b at its two distal ends.
  • a handling orifice 42 is made in the splint 40 in order to facilitate the withdrawal of the latter from its mounting position.
  • the surface of the splint 40 comes flush with each surface of the two adjacent filler blocks. By doing so, we do not form extra thickness which would cause problems during the formation of the dummy which must come into close contact against the formwork.
  • the self-centering splint(s) can be left in the dummy or removed.
  • a formwork dummy is formed to create a recess for a door.
  • a first assembly E1 is formed consisting of a filling block 1 on the floor S and it is held on the formwork by means of the magnets provided in the block.
  • a second set E2 is then formed consisting of a filling block 1 by placing the block above the first set so that the upper horizontal border of the second set E2 is placed at the desired height to form the reservation and that its outer vertical edge which will come into contact with the wall M either in the extension of the outer vertical edge of the first set E1.
  • a free space is left between the first and second sets E1 and E2 thus formed and in order to maintain the spacing between the sets E1 and E2, two formwork/stripping keys 3 are placed in said free space and the spacing between the plates 31 and 32 of each key 3 so that the plates come into contact with the respective surface of each block constituting the first and second sets E1 and E2.
  • the keys 3 are arranged in such a way that one can come and place a plate P in the extension of the external vertical borders of the first set E1 and the second set E2.
  • This plate P is a plastic plate, such as PVC or polypropylene, and is cut to size to match the spacing between the first set E1 and the second set E2.
  • the formwork/stripping keys placed between the second set E2 and the fourth set E4 are arranged in such a way that one can place a plate P whose outer face will come in the extension of the upper horizontal border of the second set E2 and of the fourth set E4.
  • the purpose of this plate P is to prevent the infiltration of concrete between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys between the second and fourth sets.
  • each set consists of a single filling block, but it is obvious that it is possible to form each set using several filling blocks.
  • the concrete is then poured between formwork B 1 and B 2 in order to form the wall.
  • block 1 of set E2 In the case of block 1 of set E2, once the keys have been removed, the dismantling bodies built into the block are used to move the block both down and to the right to unstick block 1 from the side wall and the upper wall of the wall M with which the block 1 was in contact. By proceeding in this way, the block 1 is removed from the inside of the reservation without creating any damage to the block or to the wall.
  • first extra thickness block 4 1 is fixed on one of the end faces of block 1, along its lower horizontal edge. Then we place on the same front face of block 1, along its outer vertical edge which will come into contact against the wall M, a second block of extra thickness 42.
  • the extra thickness blocks 4 1 and 4 2 are placed in such a way that the entire edge of the assembly on which said extra thickness blocks are fixed and which will come into contact either with the ground or with the walls of the wall has a greater thickness. than the rest of the set.
  • Each set will thus have a greater thickness at the level of the border which will come into contact with the ground and/or the walls of the wall and the plates P which close off the spacing between the sets will be cut on demand accordingly.
  • block 101 is a block of parallelepiped shape 110 made of a plastic material, for example polypropylene optionally loaded with glass fibers.
  • block 101 has a plurality of openings 103. These openings are formed between a set of crosspieces 108 and a central upright 109 which respectively connect the longitudinal edges 104 and 105 and the upper 106 and lower 107 edges of block 101.
  • the crosspieces and the upright can be hollow with a foam possibly introduced into the hollow parts.
  • Two handles 112 are arranged between the crosspieces 107 of the openings 102 are in the middle part of the block 101.
  • a plurality of indentations 114 are formed along the edges of block 101 in order to be able to insert connection splints to fix a filler block 101 to another adjacent block.
  • block 101 has a plurality of openings 116 which will make it possible to act on the detachment members located on the sides of block 101.
  • a plate 115 will be placed in one of the openings 103 located in one of the corners of block 101. will then be able to access the mechanism of the detachment member through the opening 103 itself.
  • This block 101 is lighter than block 1 which allows greater ease of handling.
  • the openings 103 of the block 101 make it possible to pass rods which connect together the formwork panels B1 and B2 of the formwork used to form the wall without having to drill said block as would be the case for blocks 1 and 2.
  • a dummy 200 has been represented made from four filling blocks, namely two upper blocks 201a and 201b and two lower blocks 202a and 202b, when looking at the dummy 200 in its position of 'use.
  • Each of the blocks is placed in a respective corner zone of a reservation for a window which it is desired to form in a wall.
  • the filling blocks 201a and 201b are parallelepipedal blocks and each comprise an outer frame 203 and are filled by a structure 204 in cells or honeycomb and opening on each large face of the block.
  • openings 207 and 208 of oval section located respectively in the vicinity of each of the upper and lower transverse edges when looking at the block in its placed position. place in the formwork and formed by a frame 207a and 208a respectively.
  • the openings 207 and 208 open out on each large face of the block and receive inside them handles 207b and 208b respectively which are fixed by their ends to the walls of the frame 207a and 208a respectively.
  • the user will be able to manipulate the block using the handles 207b and 208b to facilitate its movement and its positioning to constitute the formwork dummy.
  • Filler blocks 202a and 202b differ from filler blocks 201a and 201b only in the length of the blocks, filler blocks 202a and 202b having only one opening 205 for magnet placement and only one opening 207 for the placement of a handle 207b.
  • Filling blocks 201a to 202b are typically made of polypropylene optionally filled with glass fibers.
  • each of the blocks it is possible to place a separation member such as those described above.
  • a groove 210 is formed, the role of which is indicated in relation to the Picture 35 .
  • an extra thickness strip is placed in the groove 210.
  • the extra thickness strip 211 will be placed on the longitudinal edge of the large faces of the upper blocks 201a and 201b and the extra thickness strip 212 will be placed on the transverse edge of the large faces of the upper blocks 201a and 201b and on the two outer edges of the lower blocks 202a and 202b.
  • Each strip of additional thickness comprises a strip 213 which will come into contact against the formwork panel in its position of installation in the formwork.
  • Band 213 bears on its side opposite to the coming side against the formwork formwork a tab 214 capable of being inserted into the groove 210 of the blocks.
  • the thickness of the blocks can be increased by placing an extra thickness strip on the longitudinal and transverse edges of a block on one large face or on the two large opposite faces in order to further increase the thickness, which creates a dummy for even greater wall thickness.
  • Blocks 201a and 201b are separated by two shuttering/stripping keys.
  • the upper block and the lower block above which it is located can be separated by one or two stripping keys as shown in Picture 30 or in Picture 36 .
  • the lower blocks can be separated by one or two formwork/stripping keys as shown in Picture 30 or in Picture 36 .
  • the formwork/dismantling keys can be those described above in relation to the Figures 9 to 11 or those that will be described in relation to the Figures 32 and 33 .
  • This formwork/stripping key 215 comprises a first part 216 called the pivot foot, a second part 217 called the screw foot , and a third part 218 called the adjustment part.
  • the pivot foot 216 comprises a square plate 219 able to be received in the recessed parts 209 of the filling blocks.
  • the plate 219 On its face opposite to that intended to be received in the recessed parts 209, the plate 219 comprises, in its center, a hollow cylindrical rod 220 having an internal cavity 221 and whose role will be specified below.
  • the screw foot 217 comprises a square plate 222 adapted to be received in the recessed parts 209 of the filling blocks.
  • the plate 222 On its face opposite to that intended to be received in the recessed parts 209, the plate 222 comprises, in its center, a threaded cylindrical rod 223, the role of which will be specified below.
  • the third piece 218 is a hollow substantially cylindrical piece having a larger diameter at its central part and tapering towards its free ends.
  • the third part 218 comprises a threaded bore 224 whose threading is able to cooperate with the threading of the threaded rod 223 of the screw foot 217, and also comprises an internal cylindrical cavity 225 of larger diameter than the threaded bore 224 and which is able to receive the cylindrical rod 220 of the pivot foot 216.
  • the threaded bore 224 goes from the free end of the third part 218 to its central part at the level of which it opens onto the cavity 225.
  • the cavity 225 comprises a bottom 226 and opens at the end of the third part 218.
  • the third part 218 is screwed onto the threaded rod 223 of the screw foot 217 so that the end of the third part comes into abutment against the plate 222.
  • the threaded rod 223 is then inserted into the internal cavity 221 of the rod 220 of the pivot foot 216.
  • the adjustment part 218 is then "unscrewed” so that the bottom 226 of its internal cavity 225 comes into contact against the free end of the rod 220 of the pivot foot 216.
  • the adjustment piece will push back the pivot foot 216 until the two plates 219 and 222 are received in each recessed part 209 of the two respective blocks, the spacing of which is maintained by the shuttering/stripping key 215.
  • closure plates 227 In order to complete the formwork dummy, the free spaces between the various blocks along the outer periphery of the dummy are closed by closure plates 227. These closure plates come to rest against the corresponding edge of the plates 219 and 222 of the formwork/stripping 215, as shown in the Picture 34 .
  • the closure plates 227 include a hooking member 228.
  • the hooking member 228 makes it possible to hook an elastic link which can be placed in order to hold the plate 227 in place. For example, a first end of the elastic tie can be hooked to the fixing member 228 and then the second end of the tie is passed behind the third part 218 of the corresponding formwork/stripping key 215 then the second end of the elastic tie is brought back to the hooking member 228 and is hooked there.
  • the plates can have grooves on their side edges that do not come into contact with the blocks that can accommodate extra thickness strips in order to increase the thickness of the plates to the thickness corresponding to that blocks.
  • FIG. 38 there is shown a hooking member 229.
  • This hooking member 229 is arranged on the outer side of the frame 205a of the opening 205, in the vicinity of one of its corners on a face of the frame d opening 205a parallel to the longitudinal edges of the filler block.
  • the end 230 of the attachment member 229 comes flush with the opening frame 205a on one of the large faces of the filling block, and is folded squarely twice, a first time opposite the opening 205 then a second time towards the center of the filler block to form a hook part 231.
  • Each opening has four hooking members 229.
  • the hooking members 229 are placed on the faces of the opening frame parallel to the longitudinal edges of the filler block, the end 230 carrying the hook part 231 being arranged alternately on the either of the large faces of the filler block, so that the hook portions 231 on two opposite faces are diametrically opposed to each other.
  • an elastic link can be placed which will be placed between the two hook parts 231 present on the same large face of the filling block and which will also be attached to the magnet present in the corresponding opening of the filling block.
  • form B rests on ground S and is a metal form.
  • a magnet M1 and a magnet M2 are positioned under the lower horizontal line of the contour C and in the vicinity of each of the lower angles.
  • a magnet M3 and a magnet M4 are also positioned along each vertical line and in the vicinity of the lower angle.
  • Magnets M1 to M4 comprise a magnetic base and an outwardly angled return RE opposite the magnetic base.
  • the magnets M1 to M4 are placed on the formwork in such a way that the right angles RE are located at the level of the respective part of the contour C.
  • the magnets M1 to M4 serve as supports for the first blocks BL1 and BL2 which are placed in the lower corners of the contour C as shown in the Picture 38 .
  • Block BL1 is placed in the lower left corner and is supported by magnets M1 and M3 and block BL2 in the lower right corner and supported by magnets M2 and M4.
  • the external faces of the blocks BL1 and BL2 support against the right angles RE of each of the magnets M1 to M4.
  • a magnet identical to the magnets M1 to M4 can be placed in the through openings O, the square return of the magnets coming into contact against the upper wall of the opening frame when the blocks are seen in their installation positions on the formwork.
  • the formwork/stripping keys C1 and C2 are placed in the space between the blocks BL1 and BL2 and the spacing is adjusted between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys C1 and C2 in order to maintain the space between blocks BL1 and BL2.
  • the closure plate P1 is also placed in the extension of the outer edges of the blocks BL1 and BL2 and the plate P1 is hooked to the formwork/stripping key C1 in order to prevent it from falling.
  • the spacing between the plates of the formwork/stripping keys is adjusted so that the space between the blocks BL1 and BL3 and the blocks BL2 and BL4 is the desired space and so that the outer edges of the blocks BL3 and BL4 correspond to the lines of the contour C.
  • magnets M are placed in the openings O of the blocks BL3 and BL4.
  • the magnets M1 to M4 can then be removed, the formwork dummy is then placed on form B. The other form is then placed to form the formwork and the concrete is poured.
  • the filling blocks BI1, BL2, BL3 and BL4 constitute the corner sets E1, E2, E3 and E4 respectively.
  • the corner assemblies could be made up of several blocks and would be placed on the formwork in the same way.
  • All of these operations for positioning the formwork dummy on the formwork panel can be carried out by a single operator and without difficulty.
  • Formwork/stripping keys C1 to C8 are removed by reducing the distance between the plates of the latter. Plates P1 to P4 are then removed by any means, by destroying them if necessary.
  • each block BL1 to BL4 has two degrees of freedom in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction towards the inside of the formwork dummy to allow their withdrawal from the reservation formed in the concrete wall.
  • the detachment members present in the blocks are used in order to push the latter away from the walls of the wall which has just been formed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. - Schalungsform-Kit zwecks Bildung, auf einer Schalungsfläche, der Aussparung für eine Öffnung in einer Mauer, die aus einem abbindenden Material gebildet ist, wobei die Aussparung die Form eines rechteckigen Parallelepipeders hat, wobei die Form aufweist:
    - vier Fülleinheiten (E1; E2; E3; E4), bezeichnet als Eckeinheiten, die imstande sind, jeweils in einer Zone platziert zu sein, die einer Ecke der Aussparung entspricht, und in relativen Positionen, die derart sind, dass ihre äußere Hülle der Aussparung entspricht und dass in dieser Anordnung ein Raum eingerichtet ist, der vertikale, Eckeinheiten zugewandte Flächen trennt, und ein Raum, der horizontale, Eckeinheiten zugewandte Flächen trennt, wobei eine Eckeinheit (E1; E2; E3; E4) von einem einzigen Block, bezeichnet als "Füllblock", oder von mehreren aneinanderliegenden Füllblöcken gebildet ist;
    - lösbare Organe (3; 215), bezeichnet als "Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel", die imstande sind, in den vorgenannte Räumen angeordnet zu sein und die Eckeinheiten (E1; E2; E3; E4) in den Ecken der zu bildenden Aussparung zu halten, wobei die Organe imstande sind, den Abstand, der von der Größe der Aussparung abhängt, der zugewandten Eckeinheiten in Montageposition einzustellen, und ebenfalls in der Lage sind, bei der Demontage der Form entfernt zu werden, wobei die lösbaren Organe imstande sind, die Eckeinheiten (E1; E2; E3; E4) durch Anwendung einer Kraft, die in Richtung des Umfangs der Schaltungsform gerichtet ist, auf den oder die Blöcke der Eckeinheiten in den Ecken der zu bildenden Aussparung zu halten, und
    - ein Set aus Verschlussplatten (P), die imstande sind, die Enden der vorgenannten Räume in Montageposition zu schließen, um mit den Außenwänden der Eckeinheiten den Umfang der Form zu bilden, die gebildet werden soll,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass:
    jeder Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel zwei Platten aufweist, die bestimmt sind, an den jeweiligen Wänden von zwei einander zugewandten Einheiten in Montageposition der Form anzuliegen, wobei die zwei Platten durch einen Einstellmechanismus ihres Abstands verbunden sind, wobei der Einstellmechanismus bestehen kann:
    - aus zwei Gewindestangen, die jeweils in einem gewindeten Loch angebracht sind, das in eine jeweilige Platte eingearbeitet ist, wobei sich die Gewindestangen in der Verlängerung zueinander senkrecht zu den Platten befinden, wobei jede an ihrem der Platte gegenüberliegenden Ende ein Kegelritzel trägt, wobei die zwei Kegelritzel mit einem dritten Ritzel zusammenwirken, das mit einer Steuerung für die Annäherung oder die Beabstandung der Platten verbunden ist; oder
    - aus von den jeweiligen Platten getragenen Zahnstangen, wobei die Zahnstangen senkrecht zu den Platten angeordnet sind und mit einem zentralen Zahnrad zusammenwirken, das eine Steuerung für die Annäherung oder Beabstandung der Platten trägt; oder
    - aus einer Gewindestange, die von einer der Platten getragen wird, aus einem hohlen zylindrischen Rohr ohne Innengewinde, das von der anderen Platte getragen wird und die Gewindestange aufnimmt, und aus einem Einstellorgan, das von einem Hohlkörper gebildet ist, der eine axiale Bohrung mit einem ersten gewindeten Teil aufweist, der mit der Gewindestange zusammenwirkt, und einem zweiten nicht gewindeten Teil größeren Durchmessers und imstande, das zylindrische Rohr aufzunehmen, wobei die Einstellung durch manuelles Schwenken des Hohlkörpers erfolgt.
  2. - Schalungsform nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Füllblöcke (1; 2) parallelepipedisch sind und insbesondere sind:
    - volle Blöcke, die von einer äußeren Hülle (10) gebildet sein können, die mit einem Schaum (11) gefüllt ist; oder
    - hohle Blöcke; oder
    - durchbrochene Blöcke, die innen mindestens einen Pfeiler und mindestens einen Querträger aufweisen, die selbst hohl oder mit einem Schaum gefüllt sein können; oder
    - Blöcke, deren innere Füllung aus einer Bienenwabenstruktur (204) besteht, deren Waben auf den zwei zugewandten Hauptflächen ausmünden.
  3. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Füllblock (1; 2) einen Handgriff (12) aufweist, der hohl auf mindestens der einen seiner Frontflächen in Montageposition gebildet ist, auf dem ein Schalungselement bestimmt ist, für das Geißen des abbindenden Materials anzuliegen, oder von einem Stab gebildet ist, der einen Hohlraum durchquert, der in dem Block auf mindestens einer seiner Frontflächen in Montageposition eingearbeitet ist, wobei der Hohlraum für die Aufnahme eines einzigen Stabs durchgängig sein kann, der die Handhabung eines Blocks von einer Fläche oder einer anderen erlaubt.
  4. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Füllblock mindestens eine Aussparung für das Platzieren eines Magnets auf mindestens der einen seiner Frontflächen in Montageposition aufweist, auf der ein Schalungselement bestimmt ist, für das Geißen des abbindenden Materials anzuliegen, wobei das Schalungselement ein metallisches Schalungselement ist und der oder die Magnete bestimmt sind, mit diesem Letzteren zusammenzuwirken, wobei die Aussparung/en durchgängige Aussparungen sein kann/können.
  5. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass entlang von mindestens einen vertikalen Rand und/oder von mindestens einem horizontalen Rand in Montageposition der Form ein Füllblock mindestens eine Ausnehmung (14) aufweist, die bestimmt ist, einen Teil (41a) einer selbstzentrierenden Schiene (40) des Füllblocks (1; 2) mit einem benachbarten Füllblock (1; 2) in der Montageposition aufzunehmen, wobei der benachbarte Füllblock eine Empfangsausnehmung (14) des anderen Teils (41b) der Schiene (40) aufweist, die sich in Montageposition in den Ausnehmungen (14) platziert, ohne über entsprechende Flächen der zwei Blöcke hervorzustehen, die sich dann in Verlängerung zueinander befinden.
  6. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel imstande sind, nebeneinander in einem Raum zwischen zwei zugewandten Einheiten angeordnet zu sein, wobei zwei benachbarte Platten, die zu zwei benachbarten Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüsseln gehören, durch eine elastische Verbindung verbindbar sind.
  7. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner ein Block- oder Bänderset, bezeichnet als "Verdickungs- und Abdichtungsblöcke" (41; 42) oder "Verdickungs- und Abdichtungsbänder" (211; 212), aufweist, die imstande sind, an einem Füllblock (1; 2) oder mindestens auf den Außenumrandungen einer Eckeinheit anzuliegen, um das Füllen gemäß der Dicke der Mauer zu ergänzen und die Dichtigkeit zu gewährleisten, wobei sich die Verdickungs- und Abdichtungsblöcke oder -bänder anhand eines peripheren Vorsprungs des Blocks oder des Bandes in eine entsprechende Rille des entsprechenden Füllblocks einfügen können.
  8. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ferner mindestens ein Organ aufweist, das in einen Füllblock integriert ist, der in einer Ecke oder auf einer Seite der Schalungsform angeordnet und imstande ist, gesteuert zu werden, um, nachdem das abbindende Material platziert und die Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel entfernt wurden, je nach Fall in einer Ecke oder seitlich ein Druckelement auf die benachbarten Wände des abgebundenen Material auszufahren, um das Lösen des Füllblocks zu gewährleisten.
  9. - Schalungsform nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Organ, das in einen Füllblock (1; 2) integriert ist, um das Lösen des Blocks (1; 2) von der abbindenden Materialwand nach dem Abbinden zu gewährleisten, aus einem translatorisch beweglichen Element (20; 30) besteht, das in einem Hohlraum (21; 31) untergebracht ist, der in dem Block (1; 2) ausgebildet ist und in einem Teil der äußeren Oberfläche des Blocks ausmündet, wobei das Element (20; 30) imstande ist, unter der Wirkung einer Steuerung, die von einer Frontfläche des Blocks aus erreichbar ist, aus einer Position, in welcher es den Hohlraum verschließt und mit dem äußeren Oberflächenteil bündig ist, in eine Position, der es aus dem Block (1; 2) hervorsteht, zu wechseln, wobei das translatorisch bewegliche Element (20; 30) aus einer Stange (20; 30) bestehen kann, von der ein Ende (20a; 30a) ausgelegt ist, um mit dem äußeren Oberflächenteil des Füllblock (1; 2) bündig zu sein, wobei die Steuerung angebracht ist, um die Stange (20; 30) translatorisch durch auf das andere Ende ausgeübten Druck zu verlagern, wobei der im Block gebildete Hohlraum (21; 31) ab der äußeren Oberfläche, in der die Stange ausmündet, einen Führungsteil (21a; 31a) des Gleitens dieser Letzteren aufweist, dann einen Aufnahmeteil (21b; 31b) der Steuerung und Verlagerung derselben, wobei die Steuerung sein kann:
    - ein Zylinder (22) mit Kolben (23), der in den Hohlraum (21) eingeführt wird, wobei der Zylinder lösbar sein kann, insbesondere, um als Steuerung aller Löseorgane einer Form verwendet werden zu können; oder
    - eine Exzentersteuerung (24, 25); oder
    - ein von außen zugänglicher Hebelarm, der imstande ist, das bewegliche Element zu drücken, um den Füllblock zu lösen.
  10. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stange (20; 30) in ihrem der Steuerung benachbarten Teil einen Vorsprung wie einen Kragen (20c; 30c) aufweist, der imstande ist, in Translationsendlage an einer Wand des Hohlraums (21b; 31b) in Anschlag zu kommen, um zu vermeiden, dass die Stange (20; 30) den Hohlraum (21; 31) verlässt.
  11. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stange (20) angebracht ist, um senkrecht zu einer horizontalen oder vertikalen Seitenwand zu sein, wenn sie bestimmt ist, in der jeweils horizontalen oder vertikalen Seitenwand auszumünden, wobei die entsprechende Endwand der Stange senkrecht zur Mittellinie derselben ist.
  12. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Stange (30) angebracht ist, um in einem Winkel von 45° angeordnet zu sein, um in einer Ecke, vorzugsweise einer oberen Ecke des Füllblocks, auszumünden, wobei die entsprechende Endwand der Stange (30) einen erweiterten Teil mit zwei Wänden aufweist, der bestimmt ist, bündig zu sein, die eine mit einer Seitenwand des Blocks und die andere mit der benachbarten Seitenwand des Block in 90° von der vorhergehenden, wobei eine Erweiterung des Hohlraums (31), der die Stange (30) aufnimmt, im Füllblock (1; 2) zwecks Aufnahme des erweiterten Teils entsprechend eingearbeitet ist.
  13. - Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kit ein Füllblockset mit variablen Abmessungen aufweist, die erlauben, die Schalungsform vor Ort zusammenzusetzen, vor allem:
    - breitere Füllblöcke (1);
    - schmalere Füllblöcke (2);
    - mittelbreite Füllblöcke.
  14. - Verfahren zur Montage, auf einer Schalungsfläche/einem Schalungselement, einer Schalungsform nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Herstellen der Kontur der auf dem Schalungselement zu schaffenden Aussparung, beispielsweise durch Anzeichnen auf dem Schalungselement;
    - Positionieren der ersten Eckeinheit in einer der unteren Eckzonen der Aussparung, wenn die Aussparung ohne ihre Position in der Mauer gesehen wird, so dass die äußeren Ränder der ersten Eckeinheit mit der Kontur der Aussparung übereinstimmen, gegebenenfalls durch Halten der ersten Eckeinheit beispielsweise auf einer Magnetvorrichtung, die auf einem metallischen Schalungselement positioniert ist, und Befestigen der ersten Eckeinheit auf dem Schalungselement, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Magnets;
    - Positionieren der zweiten Eckeinheit in der zweiten unteren Eckzone der Aussparung, so dass die äußeren Ränder der zweiten Eckeinheit mit der Kontur der Aussparung übereinstimmen, gegebenenfalls durch Halten der zweiten Eckeinheit beispielsweise auf einer Magnetvorrichtung, die auf einem metallischen Sschalungselement positioniert ist, und Befestigen der zweiten Eckeinheit auf dem Schalungselement, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Magnets;
    - Positionieren mindestens eines lösbaren Organs, bezeichnet als Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel, zwischen der ersten und zweiten Eckeinheit und Einstellen derselben oder derselben, um den Abstand zwischen der ersten und zweiten Eckeinheit zu halten;
    - Positionieren mindestens eines Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssels auf der oberen freien Fläche senkrecht zum Schalungselement sowohl der ersten als auch zweiten Eckeinheit;
    - Positionieren der dritten Eckeinheit auf dem mindestens einen Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel, der auf der ersten Eckeinheit positioniert ist, und Positionieren der vierten Eckeinheit auf dem mindestens einen Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel, der auf der zweiten Eckeinheit positioniert ist;
    - Einstellen des Abstands zwischen der ersten und dritten Eckeinheit mit Hilfe des mindestens einen Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssels, der zwischen der ersten und dritten Eckeinheit positioniert ist, so dass sich die dritte Eckeinheit in der ersten oberen Eckzone der Aussparung befindet und die äußeren Ränder der dritten Eckeinheit mit der Kontur der Aussparung übereinstimmen, und Befestigen der dritten Eckeinheit auf dem Schalungselement, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Magnets;
    - Einstellen des Abstands zwischen der zweiten und vierten Eckeinheit mit Hilfe des mindestens einen Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssels, der zwischen der zweiten und vierten Eckeinheit positioniert ist, so dass sich die vierte Eckeinheit in der zweiten oberen Eckzone der Aussparung befindet und die äußeren Ränder der vierten Eckeinheit mit der Kontur der Aussparung übereinstimmen, und Befestigen der vierten Eckeinheit auf dem Schalungselement, beispielsweise mit Hilfe eines Magnets;
    - Positionieren von mindestens einem Schalungs-/Entschalungsschlüssel zwischen der dritten und vierten Eckeinheit und Einstellen des- oder derselben, um den Abstand zwischen der dritten und vierten Eckeinheit zu halten;
    - Positionieren der Verschlussplatten zwischen der ersten und zweiten Eckeinheit, der ersten und dritten Eckeinheit, der zweiten und vierten Eckeinheit und der dritten und vierten Eckeinheit;
    - gegebenenfalls Entfernen der zum Halten der ersten und zweiten Eckeinheit verwendeten Haltevorrichtung/en.
EP19182985.2A 2018-06-27 2019-06-27 Schalung zur ausführung von öffnungen, und ihr montageverfahren Active EP3587704B1 (de)

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CN116838078B (zh) * 2023-06-29 2025-09-30 佛山市广亚铝模科技有限公司 一种局部空间施工用铝型材模件
FR3166652A1 (fr) 2024-09-20 2026-03-27 Vcsp Genie Civil France Mannequin de coffrage

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2980809A1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-05 Plakafrance Dispositif servant de mannequin reglable a disposer dans les ouvertures d'elements prefabriques devant etre remplis de beton
CN107842196A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-03-27 中冶天工集团有限公司 一种模块化组合式门窗洞口模板及施工方法

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BE677332A (de) * 1966-04-01 1966-07-18
FR2857044B1 (fr) * 2003-07-03 2005-11-04 Rabot Dutilleul Construction Element de coffrage pour former une reservation de petite dimension dans un ouvrage de beton et ensemble de coffrage comprenant une pluralite de tels elements permettant une combinaison avec une armature
FR2944822A1 (fr) * 2009-04-24 2010-10-29 Patrick Desmarty Procede de reserve d'une ouverture dans une paroi de beton banche et mannequin pour une telle reserve.
FR2999627B1 (fr) * 2012-12-19 2015-09-25 Manuel Stephane Edouard Guillon Dispositif de coffrage de reservations de grandes dimensions dans des parois en beton coule

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2980809A1 (fr) * 2011-09-30 2013-04-05 Plakafrance Dispositif servant de mannequin reglable a disposer dans les ouvertures d'elements prefabriques devant etre remplis de beton
CN107842196A (zh) * 2017-11-15 2018-03-27 中冶天工集团有限公司 一种模块化组合式门窗洞口模板及施工方法

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PT3587704T (pt) 2022-09-28

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