EP3590164A1 - Système de distribution d'énergie électrique, notamment d'énergie renouvelable - Google Patents

Système de distribution d'énergie électrique, notamment d'énergie renouvelable

Info

Publication number
EP3590164A1
EP3590164A1 EP18761699.0A EP18761699A EP3590164A1 EP 3590164 A1 EP3590164 A1 EP 3590164A1 EP 18761699 A EP18761699 A EP 18761699A EP 3590164 A1 EP3590164 A1 EP 3590164A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric
elements
energy
surfacing
cable network
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18761699.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3590164A4 (fr
Inventor
Imre SZISZÁK
József CSEH
Miklós ILYÉS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innovativ Terburkolatfejlesztoe Kft
Original Assignee
Innovativ Terburkolatfejlesztoe Kft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Innovativ Terburkolatfejlesztoe Kft filed Critical Innovativ Terburkolatfejlesztoe Kft
Publication of EP3590164A1 publication Critical patent/EP3590164A1/fr
Publication of EP3590164A4 publication Critical patent/EP3590164A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00—Flooring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G9/00—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water
    • H02G9/02—Installations of electric cables or lines in or on the ground or water laid directly in or on the ground, river-bed or sea-bottom; Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
    • H02G9/025—Coverings therefor, e.g. tile
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/22—Gutters; Kerbs ; Surface drainage of streets, roads or like traffic areas
    • E01C11/221—Kerbs or like edging members, e.g. flush kerbs, shoulder retaining means ; Joint members, connecting or load-transfer means specially for kerbs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C17/00—Pavement lights, i.e. translucent constructions forming part of the surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/20—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units of plastics, e.g. concrete with plastics, linoleum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
    • H02G3/00—Installations of electric cables or lines or protective tubing therefor in or on buildings, equivalent structures or vehicles
    • H02G3/36—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings
    • H02G3/38—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts
    • H02G3/383—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in floors
    • H02G3/385—Installations of cables or lines in walls, floors or ceilings the cables or lines being installed in preestablished conduits or ducts in floors in modular floors, e.g. access floors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/10—Supporting structures directly fixed to the ground
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C2201/00—Paving elements
    • E01C2201/12—Paving elements vertically interlocking
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/388—Arrangements for the handling of islanding, e.g. for disconnection or for avoiding the disconnection of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/46—Controlling the sharing of generated power between the generators, sources or networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

  • the radiation originating from the sun may represent a solution for at least partially covering the increasing demand for energy.
  • the utilisation of solar energy with photovoltaic cells (solar cells) is a technology that has been known of and used in practice for a long time. Solar cells are most frequently installed on the roofs of houses. These systems are relatively expensive and do not have a very aesthetic appearance. Due to the latter, their installation is prohibited in some places. The other disadvantage of installing solar cells on house roofs is that their installation and repair is difficult, and the amount of the surface with the appropriate orientation is limited.
  • an electric energy distribution system containing a surfacing element that has a base element and a cover element that may be fixed to the base element with a releasable connection, which surfacing element - in the mounted state of the base element and cover element - delimits a cavity suitable for laying electric cables between the base element and the cover element, and at least a part of the electric cable network of the system is arranged in the cavities of the surfacing elements between the base elements and cover elements, an energy network utilising green energy that is independent of the public utilities may be effectively constructed.
  • the objective of the invention is to provide a system serving for the distribution of electric energy, especially green energy that is free of the disadvantages of the solutions according to the state of the art and, especially, that implements decentralised energy distribution independent of service providers and, in the interest of effectively increasing the proportion of green energy use, rationalises the energy supply by more economically distributing the locally produced renewable energy.
  • Figure 2b shows a schematic side cross-section exploded view of a second embodiment of a surfacing element according to the invention
  • Figure 3a shows a schematic top perspective view of a preferable exemplary embodiment of the base element according to the invention
  • Figure 3b shows a schematic bottom perspective view of the base element shown in figure 3a
  • Figure 4a shows a schematic side view of an exemplary embodiment of the cover element according to the invention
  • Figure 4b shows a schematic side view of another exemplary embodiment of the cover element according to the invention.
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a possible embodiment of the edge element according to the invention.
  • input points 2 are understood to mean terminals of the cable network 300, which is obvious to a person skilled in the art, through which electric energy can be conducted into the cable network 300.
  • output points 3 are terminals of the cable network 300, through which electrical energy can be received from the cable network 300.
  • consumption points 3' e.g. private consumers, such as households and businesses, schools, factory buildings, and outdoor electric devices, such as car chargers, etc.
  • output points 3 that wish to use electric energy from the cable network 300, similarly to how it is usual to connect to the traditional electric public utility network 500.
  • Production points 2' are connected to the input points 2 that have their own small power plants 600 (e.g. solar cells, wind turbine, etc.) suitable for producing electric energy, preferably green energy, and they desire to input at least a part of the produced green energy into the cable network 300.
  • the production points 2' connected to the input points 2 may also be private consumers, such as households or businesses, schools, factory buildings, etc.
  • the input and output points 2, 3 may also coincide, in other words a given terminal of the cable network 300 may perform the functions of both input and output points 2, 3.
  • the input and output points 2, 3 are not physically separated from each other.
  • a household that has solar cells inputs the energy produced by the solar cells into the cable network 300 when there is a surplus of energy, and this same household uses energy from the cable network 300 in the case of insufficient energy (in the evening, for example).
  • Each of the input and output points 2, 3 is connected to a metering station 4 that electrically connects the input and output points 2, 3 to the electric cable network 300 and serving to measure the electrical energy passing through them.
  • the metering station 4 is understood to mean a consumption meter serving to measure electric energy as is known by a person skilled in the art, such as an induction or electronic consumption meter.
  • the metering station 4 is arranged between the cable network 300 and the production point 2', or between the cable network 300 and the consumption point 3', as can be seen in figure 1 b.
  • the metering station 4 located at the input point 2 is connected in such a way that it measures the amount of electric energy flowing from the production point 2' towards the cable network 300.
  • a remote controlled switch 6 suitable for controlling (in other words connecting and disconnecting) the electric connection between the given input and output point 2, 3 and the cable network 300 is connected to each of the metering stations 4, 4', and the at least one network control module 5 is adapted to control the switches 6 of the metering stations 4, 4'.
  • the switch 6 is provided as a two-position switch interrupting or implementing the electric connection between the cable network 300 and the input and output points 2, 3.
  • an embodiment may be conceived in the case of which the production points 2' and/or the consumption points 3' are also connected to the electric public utility network 500 (ELMLI, E-ON, EMASZ, etc. in Hungary) (see figure 1 b).
  • the electric public utility network 500 is preferably connected to the production points 2' and/or the consumption points 3' via the switches 6 and the switches 6 are configured so that they can ensure the switching between the cable network 300 and the electric public utility network 500.
  • at least some of the output points 3 are provided with an uninterruptible power supply 7 serving to temporarily provide the power supply to the output point 3, which prevents the otherwise short power cuts, typically a few ms, occurring during the switching duration, where this is otherwise necessary.
  • the system 200 contains a plurality of surfacing elements 10 each of that have a base element 12 and a cover element 14 that may be fixed to the base element 12 with a releasable connection, and in the case that the base element 12 and the cover element 14 are fixed to one another the surfacing elements 10 contain a cavity between the base element 12 and the cover element 4 suitable for laying electric cables 22, and when these surfacing elements 10 are laid next to one another they form paving 400. At least a portion of the electric cable network 300 of the system 200 is arranged in the cavities of the interior of the paving 400, between the base elements 12 and cover elements of the surfacing elements 10. It should be noted that optionally the paving 400 may contain surfacing elements 10 which do not have cables 22 arranged inside them, as can be see, for example, in figure 1 a.
  • the system 200 according to the invention contains several hollow edge elements 1 1 serving to form the edges of the paving 400 created with the surfacing elements 10, and a part of the cable network 300 is arranged inside the edge elements 1 1 , as can be seen in figure 6, for example.
  • the edge elements 1 1 are preferably made from plastic or a plastic composite, even more preferably from recycled plastic or plastic composite, using injection moulding, for example.
  • other public utility infrastructure e.g. telecommunications networks
  • the system 200 contains one generator unit 8 connected to the cable network 300 serving to produce electric energy, preferably a generator powered by an internal combustion engine, or, for example, a wind turbine.
  • a generator powered by an internal combustion engine, or, for example, a wind turbine.
  • the use of this is preferable mainly in the case of those embodiments where there is no electric public utility service provider present (e.g. on islands, isolated locations), so in the case of reduced energy production by the input points 2 the generator 8 is able to help provide power to the consumption points 3'.
  • the system 200 contains one or more storage units 9 connected to the electric cable network 300 for storing electric energy, preferably batteries, even more preferably lithium batteries.
  • the purpose of this is to store the surplus energy produced by the production points 2' for the time when a lack of energy occurs in the cable network 300 (such as in the evening and in cloudy weather, etc.).
  • the generator 8 and the charged storage unit 9 may be combined, in other words they may be used in parallel in the case of increased energy demands.
  • FIG 2a shows a schematic side cross-section exploded view of an exemplary embodiment of a surfacing element 10 according to the invention in which the cable 22 is not shown.
  • Paving 400 may be created by placing several surfacing elements 10 next to each other, for example, on a smooth sand bed, in other words after being installed the surfacing elements 10 form paving 400.
  • a surface 100 is understood to mean any natural or artificial surface, such as soil surface or the surface of a substructure, etc., which is usually covered with traditional paving.
  • the paving 400 is preferably installed at the location of pedestrian traffic between production points 2' and consumption points 3' (the pavement or road surface of a housing estate).
  • the surfacing element 10 When the base element 12 and the cover element 14 are fixed to each other the surfacing element 10 contains a cavity suitable for the laying of an electric cable 22.
  • electric cable 22 is understood to mean one or, optionally, more electric cables 22.
  • the cavity may be created, for example, by grooves 24 being established in the base element 12 and/or in an intermediate element 16.
  • at least some of the surfacing elements 10 contain electric cable sections 22' arranged between the base element 12 and the cover element 14, which electric cable sections 22' are established so that they may be electrically connected to the electric cable section 22' of the neighbouring surfacing element 10, as it may be seen in figures 5a and 5b.
  • the electric cable sections 22' do not run in the grooves 24, instead they are embedded in the base element 12 and/or in the intermediate element 16, in other words the cables 22 are built into the elements 12, 16 when the elements 12, 16 are manufactured.
  • the electric connection between the electric cable sections 22' in neighbouring surfacing elements 10 may be implemented, for example, using connectors established in the surfaces of the neighbouring elements 12, 16 that come into contact with each other.
  • the cable 22 may run in seven directions, which ensures great flexibility when constructing the cable network 300.
  • a releasable connection is understood to mean a form of fixing that may be undone without damaging the elements 12, 14, in other words the elements 12, 14 may be separated from each other and then reconnected once again.
  • the releasable connection between the elements 12, 14 is implemented with one or more fixing devices 13.
  • Such fixing devices 13 may be, for example, screw-threaded components, screws, screw spindles and screw nuts, as well as the securing elements belonging to them, as is known by a person skilled in the art.
  • the fixing device 13 is established as a snaplock connection that has a tongue 13a and opening 13b that receives it.
  • a snaplock connection is understood to mean a positive engagement coupling in the case of which one or all of the components creating the fixing, preferably the tongue 13a, becomes flexibly deformed during the assembly of the connection, then when the connection operation is completed it clicks back into non-deformed state.
  • the connection may be dismantled by using external force.
  • the snaplock connection may be a known flat tongue or pin type snaplock connection, as is obvious for a person skilled in the art.
  • the snaplock connection is that the tongue 13a and the opening 13b may even be established directly from the materials of the elements 12, 14, thereby making it possible to connection the elements 12, 14 to each other without supplementary components.
  • the snaplock connection may also be implemented using metal or plastic pins established as separate fixing components.
  • a plate 30 made from a magnetisable material, such as steel, between the base element 12 and the cover element 14, preferably between the intermediate element 16 and the cover element 14, the function of which will be explained in detail subsequently.
  • the base element 12 has a grid structure.
  • the element 12 is made from plastic, preferably recycled plastic, such as ABS, HDPE or PET.
  • first of all granules are formed from the recycled plastic, from which the element 12 is produced using injection moulding.
  • the element 12 is established from a composite containing SiO2 and recycled plastic using a compression moulding procedure known of by a person skilled in the art.
  • the base element 12 has four side surfaces, and at least one protruding first fixing element 12a is established on each of two of its sides and at least one second fixing element 12b is established on each of two of its other sides that are suitable for accommodating the at least one first fixing element 12a.
  • at least one fixing element 12a, 12b is established on each of the neighbouring sides of the element 12, as shown in figures 3a and 3b.
  • at least one fixing element 12a, 12b is established on each of the opposite sides of the element 12.
  • the fixing elements 12a, 12b are preferably established from the material of the element 12.
  • the fixing elements 12a, 12b create a releasable connection in the case the surfacing element 10 is in its installed state, furthermore, they ensure appropriate spacing between the elements 12. As a result of the spacing it is not necessary to place spacers between the elements 12 while they are being installed, as due to the fixing elements 12a, 12b fitting into each other the elements 12 get into the ideal position on their own, which makes the installation of the surfacing elements 10 easier and faster.
  • the elements 12 connected to each other with the fixing elements 12a, 12b have greater stability, due to which they are even resistant to underlying soil washout.
  • a further advantage is that the fixing elements 12a, 12b make it possible for various terrain conditions to be followed and prevent unauthorised persons from removing the elements 12 from an installed area of paving.
  • This structure makes it possible for the elements 12 to be installed in various ways, such as with the network bonding shown in figure 5a or with the offset bonding shown in figure 5b.
  • the cover element 14 contains a wearing layer 15, the surface 15' of which is preferably a non-slip surface.
  • the wearing layer 15 may be made from artificial stone, natural stone, tempered glass or from a composite consisting of a matrix of plastic and ground glass, but naturally the use of other material with the appropriate degree of wear resistance is conceivable, as is obvious for a person skilled in the art.
  • a non-slip surface means that by appropriately establishing the surface 15' of the wearing layer 15, the coefficient of friction between the surface 5' and the surfaces coming into contact with it, such as shoe soles, vehicle tyre, etc. is increased.
  • Making the wearing layer 15 non-slip may be implemented by chemical (etching) or mechanical (sand blasting, bead blasting) processes known of in themselves, possibly by establishing macroscopic or microscopic protrusions on the surface 15' of the wearing layer 15.
  • the wearing layer 15 is made from a thin, solid stone slab, such as a concrete slab, artificial stone slab, natural stone slab, etc., to which one or more fixing devices 13 are connected which provide the releasable connection with the base element 12.
  • the fixing device 13 is preferably fixed to the stone slab in a permanent way, such as with an adhesive.
  • 10 contains one or more electric devices 18 established as, among others, an electronic controller 19, a transceiver 21 , a sensor 23, a light source 25, energy storage device 27, an energy transformation device 20 or current regulating device 28.
  • the transceiver 21 is understood to mean an electronic device suitable for sending and receiving data. Data transmission preferably takes place in a wireless fashion, e.g. using Bluetooth, ZigBee, etc.
  • the sensor 23 is understood to mean a sensor serving to detect and/or measure preferably physical values, such as temperature, pressure, proximity, light, magnetic field, humidity, etc.
  • the energy transformation device 20 is understood to mean a device that is able to transform electromagnetic radiation or motion energy directly into electric energy.
  • the energy transformation device 20 may be, for example, a solar cell 20a or a piezoelectric generator 20b, which transforms kinetic energy into electric energy.
  • the energy storage device 27 is understood to mean a device that is able to store electric energy.
  • the energy storage device 27 may be, for example, a capacitor or battery, preferably a lithium battery.
  • an energy transformation device 20 preferably a solar cell 20a is arranged in the cover element 14.
  • the element 14 contains a supporting layer 17 arranged under the wearing layer 15 in such a way that the solar cell 20a is enclosed by the wearing layer 15 and the supporting layer 17.
  • the wearing layer 15 is light-transmitting.
  • the wearing layer 15 may be made of a tempered glass plate, for example, which at least partially transmits electromagnetic radiation.
  • the wearing layer 15 established as a tempered glass sheet contains depressions filled with a light-transmitting polymer. Several depressions are established in the surface of the tempered glass sheet using a chemical or mechanical process, which are filled with a light- transmitting polymer or polymer mixture that is non-wettable.
  • the polymer or polymer mixture is UV stabilised, due to which it is resistant to the UV radiation originating from the sun.
  • the wearing layer 15 is not made of a glass sheet, instead it is made from a composite consisting of a light-transmitting plastic and ground glass matrix.
  • a composite material consisting of a matrix of ground glass and plastic is understood to mean a material that contains preferably recycled glass ground to a grain size of 500 to 10000 ⁇ , thermoplastic plastic (e.g. PC, PMMA, PET, PETg, etc.) and a flexible reinforcing material (e.g. polyester, epoxy, acryl, etc.).
  • the composite consisting of a matrix of ground glass and plastic may be produced using a moulding process known of in itself, such as injection moulding or compression moulding.
  • the composite consisting of a matrix of ground glass and plastic combines the favourable characteristics of glass and plastic. The glass provides good optical characteristics and resistance to wear to the composite.
  • the cover element 14 does not contain a supporting layer 17.
  • the solar cell 20a is arranged inside the cover element 14, in such a way, for example, that the solar cell 20a is embedded in the cover element 14 when the cover element 14 is being moulded.
  • One or more openings through which the cabling 20a' of the solar cell 20a can pass are preferably established in the cover element 14.
  • the cover element 14 may contain further electric devices 18, such as a light source, preferably a LED, or the aforementioned sensors 23 and transceiver 21 , etc.
  • a light source preferably a LED
  • the concept of light source 25 also includes a display suitable for displaying information.
  • the listed electric devices 18 may be arranged between the cover element 14 and the intermediate element 16, in the intermediate element 16 or even in the base element 12.
  • the layer of base elements 12 is deemed to be essentially continuous in the case that the laid elements are in contact with each other without any gap, and in the case that there is a gap established between the laid elements 12.
  • the cover elements 14 are fixed to the base elements 12 with a releasable connection, in the case of damage to the covering paving layer or it becomes worn out, repair or replacement can be easily performed, so it is not necessary to re-pave the entire surface 100.
  • the installation, repair and replacement of the electric cables 22 of the cable network 300 is significantly simpler to carry out as compared to the solutions belonging to the state of the art. This is due to the fact that a separate place for the electric cables 22 does not have to be provided under the surfacing elements 1 ; after the base paving layer has been laid the electric cables 22 may be installed between the base paving layer and the covering paving layer and laid in the desired directions towards the production points 2' and the consumption points 3'.
  • the releasable connection between the element 14 and the base element 12 may be terminated, for example with a high-capacity vacuum disc placed on the surface of the wearing layer 15, with which direct lifting force may be exerted onto the wearing layer 15.
  • the releasable connection between the element 14 and the base element 12 is terminated using a magnetisable sheet 30 arranged between the cover element 14 and the intermediate element 16 in the following way.
  • a magnet preferably a high-capacity electromagnet is placed onto the surface of the wearing layer 15, then an attracting magnetic interaction is established between the sheet 30 and the magnet.
  • a lifting force is exerted onto the cover element 14 via the sheet 30, as a result of which the releasable connection between the element 14 and the element 12 is terminated.
  • the advantage of magnetic removal over vacuum disc removal is that it may also be used in the case of an uneven wearing layer 15, furthermore by increasing the strength of the magnet the force exerted onto the element 14 may be increased essentially without limit.
  • intermediate elements 16 arranged between the base elements 12 and the cover elements 14 are provided, and in the course of establishing the releasable connection between the cover elements 14 and the base elements 12, the intermediate elements 16 are placed between the cover elements 14 and the base elements 12.
  • the surfacing element 10 preferably contains one or more electric devices 18 presented previously, some of which may also be arranged in the element 16. Grooves 24 serving for laying the electric cables 22 are established in the elements 2, 6 or in their delimiting surfaces.
  • the cover element 14 contains a light-transmitting wearing surface 15, under which the solar cell 20a is arranged.
  • the solar cell 20a converts a part of the solar energy incident on it into direct current, which may be stored for the purpose of later use by the energy storage device 27, used to operate the electric devices 18, or fed into the cable network 300 through the electric cable 22 in the interest of serving the points 3.
  • the solar cell 20a or, in other words, its cabling 20a' is connected to the cable network 300 via the internal feed point 2" established on the electric cable 22 between the base element 12 and the cover element 14.
  • the internal feed point 2" is preferably established as a releasable connector known in itself.
  • the solar cells 20a of the surfacing elements 10 are connected to the cable network 300 via the electric cables 22, which ensures the processing of the electric energy produced by the solar cells 20a and transmits it to the consumptions points 3'.
  • the surfacing elements 10 connected into a network contain an electronic controller 19 electrically connected to the solar cells 20a and to the electric cables 22.
  • the controller 19 terminates the electric connection between the solar cell 20a and the electric cable 22, thereby preventing malfunction.
  • the controller 19 once again creates the electric connection between the solar cell 20a and the electric cable 22, thereby switching the solar cell 20a back into the network.
  • the third example primarily relates to the energy supply of electric car chargers, but may also be capable of supplying energy to other low capacity public area consumers.
  • an energy store is placed in front of the consumers, the capacity of which must be from 0.5 times to a maximum of 2 times the total daily consumption, and which is directly connected to the system 200.
  • paving 400 that mainly contains surfacing elements 10 that have solar cells 20a, therefore under ideal circumstances they are able to store the energy produced during daytime in the energy stores, and so the systems connected to it also operate during the day.
  • the surfacing elements 10 comprising the paving communicate with each other and external electronic devices using the transceivers 21 connected to the controllers 19.
  • the scope of use of the surfacing elements 10 is very broad. For example, they may be used to create WiFi networks, or traffic data and parking information may be shared with external electronic devices.
  • the paving 400 installed at the location of pedestrian traffic between the individual facilities performs two hardware functions in the network at the same time: on the one part they provide a physical connection between the users, and, on the other part, as a result of their energy producing function they themselves also contribute to the total energy of the network.
  • the paving 400 of the system is built on a modular principle, in other words the surfacing elements 10 carry the cable network 300 themselves, therefore when they are installed there is no need to carry out complex cabling, the energy can be transmitted through them reliably, and the expansion and maintenance of the system is simpler.
  • other public utility infrastructure can also be built in, in addition to distributing energy. Services running through optical cables (e.g. telecommunication) or other public utilities can be integrated into the surfacing elements 10 and the edge elements 1 1 . This, from the point of view of the installation, development, monitoring and maintenance of the infrastructures, represents and important innovation as compared to the solutions of today. It represents a serious opportunity to make sales to other service providers for the operator of the system 200.
  • the system 200 in actual fact comprises an electric network providing a modern service system for the price of classical paving and solar cell systems.
  • the creation of the system 200 according to the invention promotes the spreading and construction of household scale small power plants 600, as the user finds a market for the energy produced by the small power plant 600 much more easily.
  • a further advantage of the system 200 is that the time required for the construction of the network and getting connected to it may become shorter, as the network can run in the surfacing elements 10, so the energy network can be installed by replacing the pedestrian pavement connecting the properties and other facilities that have to be constructed anyway.
  • a further advantage is that users will have access to green energy who otherwise do not have renewable energy production devices. Also, as a consequence of the fast installation of the system 200, it provides a cheap and fast solution in public areas.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte à un système (200) de distribution d'énergie électrique, notamment d'énergie renouvelable, comprenant une pluralité de points d'entrée (2) servant à introduire de l'énergie électrique dans le système (200), et une pluralité de points de sortie (3) électriquement connectés audits points d'entrée (2) au moyen d'un réseau de câbles électriques (300) comprenant des câbles électriques (22), lesdits points de sortie (3) servant à fournir l'énergie électrique à partir du système (200), chaque point de la pluralité de points d'entrée et de sortie (2, 3) étant doté d'un poste de comptage (4, 4') reliant le point d'entrée et de sortie (2, 3) au réseau de câbles électriques (300) et servant à mesurer la quantité d'énergie électrique traversant ces derniers, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'au moins un module de commande de réseau (5) servant à couper et reconnecter les points d'entrée et de sortie (2, 3) au réseau de câbles (300) du système (200), et d'une pluralité d'éléments de surfaçage (10) comprenant chacun un élément de base (12) et un élément de recouvrement (14) fixé à l'élément de base (12) à l'aide d'une liaison détachable et renfermant une cavité destinée à loger un câble électrique (22) entre l'élément de base (12) et l'élément de recouvrement (14) dans l'état fixe de l'élément de base (12) et de l'élément de recouvrement (14), lesdits éléments de revêtement (10) formant un pavage (400) quand ils sont posés les uns à côté des autres, et au moins une partie du réseau électrique (300) étant disposée dans le pavage (400) dans les cavités entre les éléments de base (12) et les éléments de recouvrement (14) des éléments de surfaçage (10).
EP18761699.0A 2017-02-28 2018-02-28 Système de distribution d'énergie électrique, notamment d'énergie renouvelable Withdrawn EP3590164A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
HU1700091A HUP1700091A2 (en) 2017-02-28 2017-02-28 Sheath means and method of forming a pavement with said sheath means
PCT/HU2018/050012 WO2018158598A1 (fr) 2017-02-28 2018-02-28 Système de distribution d'énergie électrique, notamment d'énergie renouvelable

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EP3590164A4 EP3590164A4 (fr) 2020-12-16

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FR3089530B1 (fr) * 2018-12-10 2022-09-09 Lyon Parc Auto Lpa Soc Pour La Realisation Et La Gestion Dequipements Dalle de recouvrement intelligente destinée à un système de pavement pour chaussée
FR3089529B1 (fr) * 2018-12-10 2022-09-02 Lyon Parc Auto Lpa Soc Pour La Realisation Et La Gestion Dequipements Dalle de recouvrement destinée à un système de pavement pour chaussée
BE1027112B1 (fr) * 2019-03-12 2020-10-14 Atelier Degueldre Eric Sprl Elément de couverture d'une surface
CN110777589A (zh) * 2019-10-28 2020-02-11 中交路桥建设有限公司 一种用于路基的多功能土工格栅
CN114298341B (zh) * 2021-12-24 2025-06-27 浙江盘盘科技有限公司 一种基于共享智链盘的电缆盘具共享系统及方法

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US20070028958A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-08 Retti Kahrl L Multiple layer solar energy harvesting composition and method, solar energy harvesting buckyball, inductive coupling device; vehicle chassis; atmospheric intake hydrogen motor; electrical energy generating tire; and mechanical energy harvesting device
US8907202B1 (en) * 2009-05-07 2014-12-09 Scott David Brusaw Method and system for collecting, storing and distributing solar energy using networked trafficable solar panels
ITBO20120235A1 (it) * 2012-05-02 2013-11-03 Francesco Maria Vespasiani Sistema e metodo per la gestione del consumo di energia proveniente da fonti rinnovabili e a basso impatto ambientale
CH707738B1 (de) * 2013-03-09 2015-08-14 Markus Weingartner Begehbare Photovoltaik-Bodenbelagsanordnung zur Elektrizitäts-Netzeinspeisung ohne Batterie.
US9733623B2 (en) * 2013-07-31 2017-08-15 Abb Research Ltd. Microgrid energy management system and method for controlling operation of a microgrid
DE102014107115A1 (de) 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Regelung von dezentralen Energieerzeugungsanlagen

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HUP1700091A2 (en) 2018-09-28
WO2018158598A1 (fr) 2018-09-07

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