EP3602099A1 - Dispositif de reperage par ultrasons - Google Patents
Dispositif de reperage par ultrasonsInfo
- Publication number
- EP3602099A1 EP3602099A1 EP18711963.1A EP18711963A EP3602099A1 EP 3602099 A1 EP3602099 A1 EP 3602099A1 EP 18711963 A EP18711963 A EP 18711963A EP 3602099 A1 EP3602099 A1 EP 3602099A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sensors
- pair
- target
- ultrasound
- phase shift
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/003—Bistatic sonar systems; Multistatic sonar systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S15/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems
- G01S15/02—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of acoustic waves, e.g. sonar systems using reflection of acoustic waves
- G01S15/06—Systems determining the position data of a target
- G01S15/08—Systems for measuring distance only
- G01S15/10—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves
- G01S15/102—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves using transmission of pulses having some particular characteristics
- G01S15/104—Systems for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves using transmission of pulses having some particular characteristics wherein the transmitted pulses use a frequency- or phase-modulated carrier wave
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S3/00—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received
- G01S3/80—Direction-finders for determining the direction from which infrasonic, sonic, ultrasonic or electromagnetic waves, or particle emission, not having a directional significance, are being received using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
- G01S3/8006—Multi-channel systems specially adapted for direction-finding, i.e. having a single aerial system capable of giving simultaneous indications of the directions of different signals
Definitions
- the present application relates to an acoustic device, in particular a presence detection device and / or ultrasonic tracking.
- Presence detection and / or ultrasonic tracking devices are used, for example in some underwater surveillance applications such as port monitoring or fish bank detection. Such devices are also used in monitoring applications of drifting elements in a river or river, for example near water catchment points used for hydroelectric production or plant cooling.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a device 100 ultrasonic tracking.
- the device 100 comprises ultrasonic sensors 102 repeated in line at a step AQ.
- Each sensor 102 comprises an ultrasound sensitive element 104.
- the sensors are connected to a processing unit 106. At least one of the sensors 102 is also a generator for producing ultrasound.
- the device is intended to identify submerged elements referred to herein as targets, for example a possible target T, located in an observed region 110 which surrounds an observation axis 112.
- targets for example a possible target T, located in an observed region 110 which surrounds an observation axis 112.
- the observation axis 112 is orthogonal to the line of the sensors 102
- Each sensor 102 is provided to receive ultrasound from the observed region 110.
- the length of the sensor line is of the order of a few cm to a few tens of cm, for example of the order of 10 to 20 cm.
- the observed region can extend from the sensors over dimensions greater than one meter, or even much greater than the meter, for example more than 10 m.
- the line of sensors is most often quasi-point at the scale of the region observed, and in particular with respect to the sensor-target distance.
- ultrasound of wavelength ⁇ is emitted by the generator 10 towards the observed region 110.
- the wavelength ⁇ is typically of the order of 0.15 to 0.5 cm, corresponding in water at frequencies between 300 kHz and 1 MHz.
- the ultrasound is reflected by the possible target T towards the sensor line 102.
- the sensors 102 receive the reflected ultrasound.
- the processing unit determines the relative phase of the ultrasounds received by each sensor 102.
- the processing unit determines, for a quasi-point sensor line, from the differences between the phases measured by the various sensors, an angle ⁇ between the sensor line and the sensor-target direction. In other words, the processing unit determines that the target is located on a cone 1 14 (shown in section) whose axis is the line of sensors and the half-angle at the top is the angle a.
- the pitch AQ of the sensors 1 02 must be less than half the wavelength ⁇ .
- the sensors must therefore have lateral dimensions less than half the wavelength, that is to say diameters less than 2.5 mm for the largest wavelengths mentioned above, or even less than 0. , 7 mm for the shortest wavelengths.
- a problem is that ultrasonic sensors commonly available and easy to implement have diameters greater than 2.5 cm, that the manufacture of smaller sensors presents various difficulties, and that such small sensors are insensitive and provide poor signal-to-noise ratio
- devices of the device type 1 00 comprising several lines of sensors, juxtaposed so that the sensors are in matrix.
- the device determines the direction sensors-target, from the angle obtained from the sensors in lines and an angle obtained in the same way from the sensors in column.
- Sensor steps along lines and columns should be less than half the wavelength.
- the known devices have problems of reliability of the detection of the presence and the precision of the marking, when:
- the ultrasounds emitted by the device are reflected by walls such as the bed of a river;
- the targets do not reflect ultrasound, for example debris of small dimensions, for example less than cm, clusters of such debris, or soft targets such as jellyfish or plastic bags; or
- One embodiment provides an ultrasonic tracking device, to solve all or part of the disadvantages described above.
- One embodiment provides a target tracking device, particularly simple to manufacture.
- One embodiment provides a target tracking device, implementing large sensors, for example of diameter greater than 2.5 cm, commonly available and easy to implement.
- One embodiment provides a device for recognizing the presence of a target reliably in the presence of a wall.
- One embodiment provides a target tracking device that reflects little ultrasound.
- One embodiment provides a device for locating targets that may be moving in an aquatic environment that may be turbulent and / or turbid.
- an embodiment provides a target tracking device, comprising: an ultrasound generator capable of being reflected by the target; pairs of first and second sensors repeated in a first direction, the first and second sensors of each pair being arranged in a second direction different from the first direction; and a processing unit adapted to: a) for each pair of sensors, measuring the phase difference between the ultrasound received by the first sensor and by the second sensor; and b) establish that the target is in a surface corresponding to the differences between measured phase shifts.
- step b) comprises: for each point of a mesh of an observed region, calculating a theoretical phase shift for each pair of sensors; compare the differences between theoretical phase shifts and the differences between measured phase shifts; and establish that the target is among the points for which the comparison is the best.
- the pairs of sensors are repeated at a step greater than 4 times the ultrasound wavelength, and the first and second sensors of each pair are arranged at a center-to-center distance greater than 4 times the length. wave of ultrasound.
- step a) comprises a measurement of the amplitude of the ultrasound received by each pair of sensors
- step b) comprises: b1) for each point of the mesh, calculate for each pair of sensors a complex value whose module is representative of the measured amplitude and the argument is representative of the differences between measured phase shifts and theoretical phase shifts; b2) calculating for each point of the mesh a sum S of the complex values of the various pairs of sensors; and b3) selecting the points of the mesh for which the sum S has the maximum module.
- the ultrasounds are emitted by pulses; in step a), for each pair of sensors, the phase shift and the amplitude measured are measured as a function of time; and step b) comprises determining the portion of said surface for which the flight times of the pulses to the various pairs correspond to the moment of reception of the pulses.
- step b1) comprises for each point of the mesh: b1) calculate for each pair of sensors a theoretical flight time of the ultrasound up to the pair of sensors; and bl2) for each pair of sensors, select the measured phase shift and amplitude of the ultrasound received at the time corresponding to the theoretical flight time.
- step b1) comprises: calculating correlation values between the ultrasounds received by the various pairs of sensors during time intervals centered on the theoretical flight times; and giving to said complex values modules representative of the correlation values.
- each pulse is an ultrasonic train of wavelengths decreasing as a function of time or increasing as a function of time
- step a) comprises for each pair of sensors: al) receiving and sampling first and second ultrasonic signals by the first and second sensors; a2) obtaining, by Hilbert trans ⁇ formation of each of the first and second ultrasonic signals, first and second complex signals of which each sample corresponds to a reception instant; a3) filtering each of the first and second complex signals; a4) associating with each sample of the first filtered complex signal the sample of the second filtered signal having the best correlation, which results for each receiving instant a pair of first and second samples of the first and second filtered complex signals; and a5) for each reception instant, determine the measured phase shift by subtracting from each other the arguments of the samples of the corresponding sample pair, and the amplitude measured from the sample modules of the corresponding sample pair.
- the processing unit is adapted after step a4), for one of the pairs of sensors, to: define a reference line parallel to the axis passing through the first and second sensors; for each reception instant, obtain a phase shift value representative of the difference between the measured phase shift and the theoretical phase shift for the reference line point corresponding to the reception instant ; and determining the distance between the sensor axis and the target from the phase shift value.
- step a5) comprises, for each pair of sensors and each reception instant: a6) selecting the pairs of samples situated in a time interval around the reception instant considered; a7) obtaining the phase shift by determining an average difference between the arguments of the first and second samples of the pairs selected in step a6); and a8) measuring the amplitude of the ultrasound by determining a mean modulus of the samples of the pairs selected in step a6).
- the sensors are adapted not to significantly detect ultrasound from directions at an angle greater than 80 ° with the second direction.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a device for locating an ultrasound target
- FIGs. 2A and 2B are side and front views schematically illustrating an embodiment of a presence detection and target tracking device
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary method implemented by the device of FIGS. 2A and 2B;
- Figures 4A and 4B schematically illustrate an example of a mesh of an observed region of the device 200 of Figures 2A and 2B;
- Fig. 5A is a timing chart illustrating ultrasound signals schematically
- FIG. 5B schematically illustrates an embodiment of a device for detecting the presence and location of a target, implementing the signals of FIG. 5A;
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are timing diagrams schematically illustrating examples of steps implemented by a device for detecting the presence and location of a target
- FIG. 7 is a side view of a pair of sensors, schematically illustrating an example of another step implemented by a device for detecting the presence and location of a target;
- FIG. 8 is a timing diagram schematically illustrating an example of a step implemented by a device for detecting the presence and location of a target
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating examples of a step implemented by a device for detecting the presence and location of a target.
- Figure 10 illustrates another embodiment of a device for detecting the presence and location of an ultrasound target.
- the expressions “substantially” and “of the order of” mean within 10%, preferably within 5%, or, with respect to an orientation, at 10 degrees. near, preferably to within 5 degrees.
- the term “signifi- cantly”, as a change in a value or a difference between values, means more than 5%, preferably more than 10%.
- the term "theoretical”, in terms of a value at a given point, means that this value can be calculated from a theoretical ultrasound propagation model, assuming that the ultrasound is reflected. by a target at this point.
- the theoretical model for example a constant velocity propagation model, is within the abilities of those skilled in the art and is not detailed.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically illustrate an embodiment of a device 200 for detecting the presence and location of a target T by ultrasound.
- Figure 2A is a side view and Figure 2B is a front view.
- the device 200 comprises Np 202-k pairs of sensors 202M-k and 202S-k, k varying from 1 to Np, repeated in line at a step A ] _ in the direction of an axis 203.
- the sensors 202M-1 and 202S-1 are located in front of other sensors that are not visible.
- FIG. 2B only one sensor of each pair 202-k is visible.
- the sensors of each pair are arranged at a distance B from center to center, in the direction of an axis 204.
- the axis 204 passes in the middle of the line of sensor pairs.
- the axes 203 and 204 are substantially orthogonal.
- Each of the sensors 202M-k, 202S-k is sensitive to ultrasound from an observed region 206 that surrounds an observation axis 208.
- the observation axis 208 makes an angle ⁇ with the axis 204.
- the sensors are connected to a processing unit 210.
- the processing unit comprises a digital circuit, such as a microprocessor adapted to implement a program stored in a memory, and analog conversion elements. -numeric signals from the sensors.
- the processing unit can be associated with a computer via a remote link, for example via the Internet.
- An ultrasound generator 212 (not shown in FIG. 2A), connected to the processing unit and preferably distinct from the sensors, makes it possible to emit ultrasound towards the observed region 206.
- the generator 212 can be placed in the middle sensors or at a remote position.
- An advantage of an ultrasonic generator separate from the sensors is that it can be positioned to optimize the ultrasound reflections by the target, depending on the configuration of the region to be observed, for example depending on the presence of walls such as the bed of a river or a seabed.
- the length of the line of pairs of sensors is of the order of a few cm to a few tens of cm, for example of the order of 10 to 50 cm.
- the distance B may be a few cm, for example of the order of 2.5 to 10 cm.
- the pitch A ] _ may be a few cm, for example of the order of 2.5 to 10 cm.
- the line of sensor pairs is practically quasi-punctual at the scale of the region to be observed.
- the processing unit may be provided for detecting the presence of a target when for example one of the amplitudes 1] ⁇ ultrasound received by the pairs 202-k is greater than a threshold.
- the processing unit 210 is adapted to measure, for each pair 202-k of sensors, the phase shift ⁇ ] ⁇ between the ultrasounds received by the sensors 202M-k and 202S-k, and to locate the target from the differences ⁇ ( ⁇ ) between the phase shifts ⁇ ] ⁇ measured for the various pairs of sensors. It will be emphasized here that differences are considered between phase shifts of the ultrasounds and not differences between phases, phase shifts, as in the device 100 of FIG.
- the processing unit determines the possible positions of the target for which the differences between the theoretical phase shifts ⁇ ' ⁇ that we obtain would best compare with the differences ⁇ ] ⁇ ] _ - ⁇ ⁇ between measured phase shifts (kl and k2 between 1 and Np).
- the theoretical phase shifts ⁇ ' ⁇ for the various pairs can be calculated from a theoretical model taking into account the differences between the paths traveled by the ultrasound.
- the possible positions thus determined are located in a single locating surface 214 (shown in section).
- the marking surface thus determined remains unique when the device uses large sensors. This has resulted in a device for locating a target, which is particularly simple to produce.
- Section 1 describes an example of identification based on the comparison between differences in measured phase shifts and differences in theoretical phase shifts, in the simple case of a line of quasi-point sensor pairs, and illustrates that the surface obtained is unique.
- Section 2 describes a preferred example of a tracking method based on the comparison between differences in measured phase shifts and differences in theoretical phase shifts, in the absence of a hypothesis on the dimensions of the line of pairs of sensors.
- This method which involves a mesh step (section 2.1), makes it possible to obtain a single surface for possible positioning of the target, and may in particular be used in cases where, in addition: a target is identified as a function of the ultrasound flight time (section 2, 2);
- a target is detected and marked in the presence of a wall and / or the possible positions of a target are defined by simple coordinates to be used (section 2, 4); and or
- the water is turbulent and / or turbid, and / or the target moves (sections 2, 5 and 2, 6).
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is a value representative of the differences between the phase shifts ⁇ ] ⁇ measured for the neighboring pairs, for example a mean value
- the angle ⁇ is the angle between the axis 204 and the sensor-target direction
- p is the sensor-target distance
- Al is the pitch of the pairs of sensors
- B is the distance between sensors of a pair
- ⁇ is the wavelength
- the value A_ (B cos ⁇ ) / p must be less than half the wavelength ⁇ .
- the distance B between the sensors of the same pair being much smaller than the distance p between the sensors and the target, this condition is verified.
- the pitch Al of the sensor pairs may be greater than half the wavelength ⁇ , preferably more than 4 times the wavelength ⁇ .
- the angle thus obtained corresponds to a single surface 214 for locating the target.
- the angle a depends on the angle ⁇ and the distance p.
- the surface 214 thus defined is therefore different from the cones mentioned above for the device 100. For example, for differences close to zero between measured phase shifts, the surface 214 is close to the plane of the axes 204 and 208.
- the angle ⁇ between the axis of observation and the axis 204 is preferably provided so that the sensors are not sensitive to ultrasound coming from directions corresponding to an angle ⁇ close to 90 °. This makes it possible to avoid the values of the angle ⁇ for which the phase-shifts are too small to precisely determine the angle ⁇ .
- FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a general method for detecting the presence of a target and for determining the angle a mentioned above, in particular in the case where the dimensions of the sensor line are not assumed.
- the points of the observed region are indicated by angles a and ⁇ and a distance p as defined in section 1 above, the sensor-target direction and the sensor-target distance being defined relative to each other. at a central point of the line of sensor pairs.
- a meshing step 300 pairs of values of the angle ⁇ and the distance p are defined. These pairs may correspond to points of a mesh of the plane of the axes 204 and 208 (plane of Figure 2A). For each of these pairs of values ⁇ and p, angles -j_ are defined from which the angle ⁇ is sought. We thus obtain a mesh of the observed region. An example of such a mesh step will be described in more detail below in section 2.1 (FIGS. 4A and 4B).
- the meshing step may have been provided in advance, for example during programming of the processing unit, and thus be common to the various implementations of the method.
- phase shifts ⁇ pour for the various pairs of sensors are measured as described above. We can also measure the amplitudes The following process steps are performed for each pair of values ⁇ and p.
- step 306 for each angle 3 ⁇ 4, the sum of the complex values 3 ⁇ 4 for the various pairs of sensors is calculated.
- step 308 the angle ⁇ j for which the sum of the values 3 ⁇ 4 has the maximum modulus is chosen as the angle.
- the presence of the target can be detected when this maximum module is greater than a threshold.
- step 308 the angle ⁇ is searched for by successive iterations.
- the obtained angle is the one, for which the differences between measured phase shifts best compare to the differences between theoretical phase shifts.
- the method of FIG. 3 thus makes it possible to determine a single registration surface, in particular without assuming the length of the line of pairs of sensors.
- the following sections 2.1 to 2.6 present in greater detail various examples and variants of the general process steps described herein.
- Figures 4A and 4B schematically illustrate an example of the step of meshing the observed region 206 of the device 200 of Figures 2A and 2B.
- Figure 4A is a sectional view in the plane A-A of the axes 204 and 208.
- Figure 4B is a front view.
- the meeting point 402 of the axes 203 and 204 is located at the center of the sensor 202M-k0, where the index kO is equal to Np / 2.
- the plane of the axes 204 and 208 is meshed.
- a set of distances p of the points of the mesh at point 402 is first defined, for example at a regular pitch Ar.
- the mesh comprises for each distance p, a point 404A located on the observation axis at the distance p from the point 402.
- the mesh comprises points 404A 'situated in the plane of FIG. 4A, at the same location. distance from the axis 204 as the point 404A, each point 404A 'corresponding to one of the distances p.
- the mesh of the observed region comprises points 404B, visible in FIG. 4B, for which the distance p (from the point 402 to the considered point) and the angle ⁇ (between the axis 204 and the direction of point 402 at the point in question) are the same.
- Each point 404B of the mesh is associated with one of the aforementioned angles -j_ (between the axis 203 and the direction of the point 402 at the point 404B).
- the points 404B can be evenly spaced, for example at step Ar.
- step Ar a value of the order of half the wavelength.
- the generator 212 is provided for pulsing ultrasound.
- the processing unit 210 implements a method similar to that of FIG. 3, in which measurements of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and of phase shift ⁇ ⁇ ) are first measured as a function of time, from which the measured amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 and the measured phase shift ⁇ ⁇ are then determined.
- the method includes examples of steps 302 and 304 of Figure 3, described herein in connection with Figures 5A and 5B.
- FIG. 5A is a timing diagram schematically illustrating emitted ultrasonic signals, then measured at step 302 of the method.
- Figure 5B shows a schematic front view of the device.
- An ultrasound pulse 500 of width AtO is first emitted by the generator 212.
- FIG. 5A shows the envelope of the ultrasound waves emitted, the details of these waves not being shown.
- step 302 in each pair 202-k, the sensors 202M-k and 202S-k each receive an ultrasonic signal as a function of time.
- the processing unit measures, for each pair of sensors, according to the instant of reception:
- a signal of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) of the ultrasounds received by the pair of sensors for example the amplitude of the ultrasounds received by the sensor 202M-k;
- phase shift signal ⁇ ⁇ between the ultrasonic waves received by the sensor 202M-k and those received by the sensor 202S-k.
- the amplitude and phase shift signals of two (202-k1 and 202-k2) pairs of sensors are shown.
- the amplitude signal of each sensor pair present possibly a pulse 502 corresponding to a target T.
- the phase shift signal can be defined only for the values 504 useful for the rest, which correspond to the times when the amplitude is sufficient for the phase shift to be measured.
- the amplitude and phase shift signals are sampled signals of values 3 ⁇ 4 (t n ) and ⁇ ] ((t n ), the reception times t n (not shown in FIG. 5) being for example at regular intervals. .
- time of flight is calculated theoretical t] ⁇ ultrasound to reach the pair of sensors, for example sensor 202M-k.
- the distances p points of the mesh to the sensors are associated with theoretical flight times which allows calculations of easy flight times.
- the complex value 3 ⁇ 4 can then be calculated in the manner described with reference to FIG. 3 (relation (2)) using the measured values of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 and of phase shift ⁇ ⁇ thus determined.
- the complex value 3 ⁇ 4 can also be determined, from the amplitude signals 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and the phase shift (AcJt), in a manner described below in section 2.6 (FIG. 9).
- Steps 306 and 308 of FIG. 3 are then implemented.
- the method of this section 2.2 establishes that the target is in a limited portion 504 of the previously determined surface 214.
- the method of the preceding section 2.2 is used, in which a variant of the step of measuring the amplitude signals 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and the phase shift signal AcJ ⁇ t) of the various pairs of sensors is used. to obtain these signals with high resolution and signal-to-noise ratio.
- FIGS. 6A to 6D are timing diagrams illustrating examples of steps implemented by a device for detecting and locating a target of the type of that of FIGS. 2A and 2B. These steps make it possible to determine sampled signals of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and of phase shift ⁇ njt (t) measured for one, 202-k, of the pairs of sensors.
- an ultrasonic pulse is generated.
- the pulse is an ultrasonic train of increasing frequency as a function of time.
- the frequency scans the frequency range between 300 kHz and 1.2 MHz.
- the total duration of the pulse is between 0.5 ms and 2 ms, for example 1 ms.
- the 202-k receives an ultrasonic signal.
- the 202M-k sensor receives a RMO signal and the sensor 202S-k receives a signal RSO, as a function of time t.
- An ultrasonic train reflected by a possible target reaches both sensors at times tM and tS (at the center of the received pulses).
- Moments tM and tS have an offset depending on the position of the target. In practice, the duration of the pulse is much greater than the offset between the times tM and tS.
- Each sample RMO (t n ) or RSO (t n ) corresponds to a reception time t n of ultrasound by the corresponding sensor.
- the sampling frequency l / At of the signal RMO is substantially equal to 4 times the central frequency of the pulse.
- the sampling frequencies are identical for the sampled signals RMO and RSO.
- the sampling frequency of the signal RSO is greater than that of the signal RMO, for example 8 times higher.
- a sampled complex signal is then determined by Hilbert transformation.
- the module and the argument respectively correspond to the amplitude and the relative phase of the ultrasounds received.
- sampled complex signals RM2 and RS2 are obtained by matched filtering of each of the signals RM1 and RS1.
- the adapted filtering of RM1 or RS1 consists, for each flight time t n , of implementing the relation:
- RI is the signal RM1 or RS1
- R2 is the signal RM2 or RS2
- fl is a sampled complex signal representative of the ultrasounds emitted by the generator between instants t_Ni and 3 ⁇ 41 'sampled at the frequency l / At and obtained by Hilbert transform.
- the signal f 1 may correspond directly to the transmitted signal, or to a signal received by one of the sensors after propagation in the water, for example measured during a pre-adjustment phase of the device.
- the signal f1 may be a matched filter reference signal obtained in the manner described in connection with section II and FIG. 2 of Vasile G's "Reference Selection for an Active Ultrasound Wild Salmon Monitoring System". et al., MTS / IEEE North American Conference OCEANS, Washington DC, USA, published in 2015.
- the matched filtering has the effect of concentrating around the same instant, tM for the signal RM2, and tS for the signal RS2, the ultrasound reflected by a target.
- Pulse 502 is then obtained in each of the signals.
- the width of the pulses is of the order of the duration At, for example so that in each signal the pulse 502 only significantly affects one or two samples.
- the module and the argument are respectively representative of the amplitude and the relative phase of the ultrasound reflected by the target.
- the sample RS2 (t n i) is associated for which the signal RS2 has the best correlation with the signal RM2.
- a pair of samples RM2 (t n ) and RS3 (t n ) were thus formed for each reception instant t n .
- the correlation is over a period of duration At2, centered on the sample RM2 (t n ) for the signal RM2 and on the sample RS2 (t n for the signal RS2.
- the signal RS2 may be oversampled, for example by a factor 8, before the step of FIG. 6C, or the signal RS2 may have retained the sampling frequency of the signal RS0 in the case where this frequency is higher than that of the RMO signal.
- the signal RS3 can be determined, in the present case of ultrasonic pulses, in a manner similar to that described for radar pulses in section 1.3 on page 17 of the document "Interferometric Opening Synthetic Radar Imaging". and polarimetry ", Ph.D. thesis of Vasile G., University of Savoie, France, 2007.
- each value 3 ⁇ 4 (t n ) is representative of the sample modules RM2 (t n ) and RS3 (t n ), for example the average of the modules.
- each value ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) is the difference between the arguments of the samples RS3 (t n ) and RM2 (t n ).
- Another example of determining the signals 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and J (t) from the signals RM2 and RS3 will be described below in section 2.5 (FIG. 8).
- An advantage of the steps 6A to 6D is that they allow the implementation of the adapted filtering. Due to the matched filtering, the amplitude and phase shift signals thus measured have an improved signal-to-noise ratio, making it possible to locate a target that reflects little ultrasound. In addition, the adapted filtering allows a high resolution.
- an advantage of the use of large sensors is that they allow a particularly high signal-to-noise ratio and resolution, because such sensors have particularly wide frequency ranges.
- the adapted filtering allows a signal-to-noise ratio and a resolution all the higher as the frequency range scanned by the ultrasound train is wide. It is thus possible to obtain a resolution of the order of half the central wavelength of the ultrasound.
- a tracking device of the type of that of FIGS. 2A and 2B whose sensors are large, and
- the method of section 2.2 (FIGS. 5A and 5B), comprising the steps of this section 2.3 (FIGS. 6A to 6D)
- an optional step is implemented using, for example, the signals RS2 and RS3 determined in the previous section 2.3.
- FIG. 7 is a side view of a pair 202-k of sensors, illustrating an example of an optional step implemented by a device for locating a target.
- the device has been positioned so that the plane of the sensors (axes 203 and 204) is parallel to a wall 600 such as the bottom of a river.
- the wall 600 corresponds to a line 601 in the plane of the figure (that is to say in the plane of an axis 204-k passing through the two sensors and an axis 208-k parallel to the axis observation passing through the sensor 208M-k).
- the point 602 is determined on the line 601 for which the flight time corresponds to the reception time t n .
- 3 ⁇ 4 (t n ) representative of the theoretical phase shift A6'k (t n ) for the point 602 is then calculated.
- P Q is the distance between the sensor 202M-k and the point 604
- f is the center frequency of the ultrasonic pulses
- ⁇ is the angle between the axes 208 and 204
- B is the distance between the sensors 202M-k and 202S-k.
- a sampled complex signal RS3 ' is then obtained from the signal RS3 by adding the value ⁇ ⁇ (t n ) to the argument of each sample RS3 (t n ).
- a phase shift signal ⁇ pl (t) is determined from the signals RS3 'and RM2, for example in a manner similar to that for determining the phase shift signal ⁇ ⁇ ) from the signals RM2 and RS3. described in previous section 2.3, Figure 6D.
- the phase shift signal ⁇ pl (t) can also be determined in a manner similar to that described below in section 2.5.
- the presence of the target T in front of the wall can then be detected when one, ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ), of the values ⁇ 1] ⁇ ⁇ ) of the signal ⁇ ] ⁇ ) deviates significantly from the other values of this signal. for example more than 10%.
- the value ⁇ 1] ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) obtained for a pair of sensors depends only on the distance r from the target to the wall 600, and the value ⁇ 1] ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) corresponds to the target while the other values ⁇ 1] ⁇ ⁇ ) correspond to the wall.
- the presence of a target is detected reliably, even in the presence of an ultrasound-reflecting wall.
- a wall is present here by way of example, it is possible alternatively to identify the target by its distance from other surfaces, such that, in the case of a quasi-generator-sensor distance punctual, a cylinder of radius rO and axis axis 204-k.
- the line 601 is then located at the distance rO of the axis 204-k.
- the value ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) only depends significantly on the distance between the target and the axis 204-k.
- the constant value ⁇ mentioned above allows the value ⁇ 1 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ) to be zero when the target is on the cylinder, and the distance between the target and the cylinder is then particularly simple to obtain.
- the target can be identified by then implementing steps similar to steps 304, 306 and 308 of FIG. examples of these steps described in section 2.2, using the values ⁇ ] ⁇ (t n ) in place of the phase shifts ⁇ ] ⁇ ⁇ ), and using theoretical values ⁇ 1 ' ] ⁇ ⁇ ) instead of the phase shifts theoretical ⁇ ] ⁇ ' ⁇ ⁇ ).
- the theoretical values are similar to steps 304, 306 and 308 of FIG. examples of these steps described in section 2.2, using the values ⁇ ] ⁇ (t n ) in place of the phase shifts ⁇ ] ⁇ ⁇ ), and using theoretical values ⁇ 1 ' ] ⁇ ⁇ ) instead of the phase shifts theoretical ⁇ ] ⁇ ' ⁇ ⁇ ).
- the optional step of this section 2.4 thus makes it possible to reliably detect the presence of a target, and / or to limit the area on which the target is likely to be, and this even in the presence of an observed region delimited by a wall.
- This step also makes it possible to express the possible positions of the target in a simple manner.
- FIG. 6D a variant of the step of FIG. 6D is used to obtain the signals of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and of phase shift ⁇ ⁇ ).
- FIG. 8 is a timing diagram schematically illustrating an example of obtaining, for a pair of sensors 202-k, signals of amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and of phase shift ⁇ nj (t) from the signal RM2 and, for example, RS3 signal from the step of section 2.3, Figure 6C.
- the signal RS3 'of the step of the section can be used instead of the signal RS3, the signal RS3 'of the step of the section can be used.
- a vector V is formed (t n of the samples RM2 (t n i) and RS3 (t n , that is to say:
- N2 consecutive reception instants t n i are selected closest to the instant t n , situated between instants For example, the integer N2 is common at all times of reception. Then a Cov covenant matrix (t n ) (of 2x2 dimension) of the selected V (t n ') vectors is determined.
- the Cov (t n ) matrix is sought for signals corresponding to ultrasound, as described for radar waves in section IIC, paragraph 2 and equation [13] of the document "Stable scatterers detection”.
- the Cov matrix ( t n ) can be found as a solution of the equation:
- V H (t n ) is the complex conjugated transposed vector of the vector V H (t n )
- Cov ⁇ 1 (t n ) is the inverse matrix of the matrix Cov (t n ).
- Each value 1 ⁇ (t n ) thus obtained is representative of the sample modules RM2 (t n i) and RS3 (t n i) selected around the instant t n .
- the value 1 ⁇ (t n ) any value representative of the modules of the selected samples, for example an average value of these modules.
- each value ⁇ ⁇ (t n ) obtained here is representative of the differences between the arguments of each pair RM2 (t n i), RS3 (t n i) of selected samples.
- the processing unit is furthermore adapted to implement a phase correlation signal E (t) of which each value E (t n ) is defined by the relation:
- the device can then detect the presence of the target T when the E (t n Q) of the values of the phase correlation signal is greater than a threshold, for example 0.3.
- the presence of the target can also be detected when one of the values of the correlation signal deviates significantly from the other values of this signal, for example, deviates by more than 0.1.
- the use of a statistical correlation signal between signals received by the two sensors, such as the signal E (t) makes it possible to detect the presence of a target in a particularly reliable manner. In particular, it is possible to detect in a particularly reliable manner the presence of a target that can be poorly reflective and / or moving in a turbulent and / or turbid medium.
- the step of determining the amplitude 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and phase shift Ac (t) signals for each pair of sensors thus makes it possible to locate in a turbulent medium and / or turbid a target that can be in motion.
- step 304 in which the relation (2) providing the complex value 3 ⁇ 4 is replaced by a step calculation described below.
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram illustrating an example of a calculation of the complex value 3 ⁇ 4 of step 304 for each point of a mesh, from theoretical phase shifts ⁇ ' ⁇ and amplitude signals 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and phase shift ⁇ ⁇ ). Amplitude and phase shift signals have been shown for two pairs 202-k1 and 202-k2 of sensors. Preferably, the signals 3 ⁇ 4 (t) and ⁇ ⁇ ) were obtained at a step of the type of that of the previous section 2.5 (FIG. 8). The calculation described here is of the type described in J. Capon's High-resolution frequency-wavenumber spectrum analysis, published in 1969 in Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol 57 (8), 1408-1418.
- the flight time t 1 ultrasound up to the pair of sensors is calculated.
- N3 consecutive receiving instants 3 ⁇ 4 + n i closest closest to the moment are selected between instants 3 ⁇ 4_N3 / 2 and
- N3 is for example greater than k squared.
- the Covl covariance matrix of the N3 vectors VI ( ⁇ ') is then calculated.
- the matrix Covl can be calculated in a manner similar to that described with reference to FIG. 8.
- V2 k is the kth component of vector V2.
- the possible target is marked in a particularly reliable and accurate manner when the water is turbulent and / or turbid, and / or when the target is in motion.
- the complex value 3 ⁇ 4 obtained here for each pair of sensors has its module representative of the intensity of the ultrasounds received and its argument representative of the difference between measured phase shift and theoretical phase shift.
- complex values 3 ⁇ 4 can be calculated by any other type of statistical correlation adapted between signals received by the various sensors at times close to the theoretical flight times, for example by combining the values of V 2 k obtained for several values of N3.
- it is possible here to use statistical correlations making it possible to measure the speed of the target for example by implementing the following steps:
- ⁇ is the central wavelength of ultrasound
- step 308 for each point where the target is marked, choose as the measured speed of the target the speed u for which the sum is maximum.
- a method of the type of that of FIG. 3 can implement the steps of sections 2.2, 2.3, 2.5 (possibly after that of section 2.4) to determine the amplitude and phase shift signals measured for each pair of sensors, and the step of section 2.6 to locate the target from the amplitude and phase shift signals of the various pairs of sensors.
- Particularly reliable detection and / or identification is obtained in a turbulent and / or turbid medium, and it is possible to measure the speed of a possible target.
- devices described above include a single line of sensor pairs, there may be provided devices comprising a plurality of sensor pair lines.
- FIG. 10 is a front view of an example of a target locating device 700 comprising two lines 702A and 702B of sensor pairs 202.
- the lines of sensor pairs are parallel to one another on either side of an observed region 704.
- the sensors of each pair are in a common direction orthogonal to the axes 203 of the lines (ie orthogonal to the plane of Figure 10). Thus, only one sensor of each pair is visible in FIG.
- An ultrasonic generator 212A is disposed near the line 702B, for example at a distance comprised by example between 5 cm and 20 cm.
- An ultrasonic generator 212B is located near the line 702A.
- the distance between the two lines is greater than 1 m, for example between 1 and 50 m.
- ultrasound is first emitted by the generator 212A, and these ultrasound reflected by possible targets are received by the sensors of the line 702A.
- a processing unit 210 'then uses a method, for example of the type of that of FIG. 3, to identify these possible targets from the differences between phase shifts for the various pairs of sensors of the line 702A.
- Ultrasound is then emitted by the generator 212B, and these ultrasounds reflected by possible targets are received by the sensor pairs of the line 702B.
- the processing unit 210 'then again applies a method, for example of the type of that of Figure 3, using the differences between phase shifts for the various pairs of sensors of the line 702B.
- An advantage of using two lines of sensors is that it avoids possible masking effects of a target by another or by any obstacles present in the region observed. This results in improved target detection.
- the processing unit can use the ultrasonic signals received by the two lines 702A and 702B, and establish that the target is among the possible positions determined for line 702A and for line 702B.
- a device of the type of FIGS. 2A and 2B may comprise two generators arranged on either side of the line, for example on the axis 204, or near the ends of the line of pairs of sensors, for example on the axis 203.
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- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Measurement Of Velocity Or Position Using Acoustic Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1752501A FR3064368B1 (fr) | 2017-03-24 | 2017-03-24 | Dispositif de reperage par ultrasons |
| PCT/EP2018/057496 WO2018172536A1 (fr) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-03-23 | Dispositif de reperage par ultrasons |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3602099A1 true EP3602099A1 (fr) | 2020-02-05 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18711963.1A Withdrawn EP3602099A1 (fr) | 2017-03-24 | 2018-03-23 | Dispositif de reperage par ultrasons |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200379106A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3602099A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3056510A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3064368B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018172536A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4965732A (en) * | 1985-11-06 | 1990-10-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Methods and arrangements for signal reception and parameter estimation |
| JP4875541B2 (ja) * | 2006-08-28 | 2012-02-15 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | 方位検出方法、物体検出装置、プログラム |
-
2017
- 2017-03-24 FR FR1752501A patent/FR3064368B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2018
- 2018-03-23 WO PCT/EP2018/057496 patent/WO2018172536A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2018-03-23 CA CA3056510A patent/CA3056510A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2018-03-23 EP EP18711963.1A patent/EP3602099A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-03-23 US US16/497,030 patent/US20200379106A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018172536A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 |
| FR3064368B1 (fr) | 2020-08-28 |
| US20200379106A1 (en) | 2020-12-03 |
| CA3056510A1 (fr) | 2018-09-27 |
| FR3064368A1 (fr) | 2018-09-28 |
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