EP3609987B1 - Dispositif et procédé de compactage de matières premières carbonées et utilisation - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de compactage de matières premières carbonées et utilisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3609987B1
EP3609987B1 EP18724134.4A EP18724134A EP3609987B1 EP 3609987 B1 EP3609987 B1 EP 3609987B1 EP 18724134 A EP18724134 A EP 18724134A EP 3609987 B1 EP3609987 B1 EP 3609987B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
press
feedstock
briquettes
coal
compacting
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EP18724134.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3609987A1 (fr
Inventor
Ronald Kim
Uwe TSCHIRNER
Mathias SCHELLER
Matthias SPÖTTLE
Fabian GRAW
Joanna KÜHN-GAJDZIK
Hans-Werner Schröder
Volker Herdegen
Franz FEHSE
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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ThyssenKrupp AG
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04—Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/22—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor
    • B30B11/26—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams
    • B30B11/265—Extrusion presses; Dies therefor using press rams with precompression means
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/08—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form in the form of briquettes, lumps and the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C10L5/20—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with sulfite lye
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/363—Pellets or granulates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/08—Drying or removing water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/30—Pressing, compressing or compacting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device and a method for compacting coal-containing feedstock and the use of certain plant components or the compacts produced in this context.
  • the invention relates to devices and methods for producing compacts from feedstocks that have not previously been used as standard for coking or that have not yet produced a satisfactory end product.
  • the invention relates to devices and methods for providing non-classic feedstocks specifically for coking in vertical chamber furnaces.
  • the invention relates to a device and a method according to the preamble of the respective independent claim.
  • the invention relates to the use of individual components or devices specifically in connection with the provision of compacts (pressed pieces or briquettes) from these alternative feedstocks.
  • coke ovens for producing coke can be designed as so-called vertical chamber ovens.
  • Vertical chamber ovens are loaded with raw material briquettes or coal briquettes from above.
  • Vertical chamber ovens can have a considerable height, for example in the range of 30 to 40m.
  • the briquettes are placed above the oven using a crane, for example, and slide, particularly due to gravity, through the coking shaft (oven chamber), particularly over a period of several hours, for example 12 or 15 hours, corresponding to the time required to convert the feedstock into coke.
  • the briquettes experience a temperature change, particularly from initial temperatures below 300°C to final temperatures between 900 and 1100°C.
  • Two to ten oven chambers are usually combined to form a so-called oven battery of a coke oven.
  • the shaft of a respective furnace chamber can have a height of in particular 3.5m to 10m, and a width of in particular 150 to 600mm. This shows that the briquettes are subjected to high friction and pressure forces during coking. The strength of the briquettes should therefore be as high as possible. On the other hand, volume changes and "good" material transport within the briquette should still be possible. A certain degree of porosity is therefore also advantageous.
  • the raw material can be crushed beforehand, especially in hammer mills, especially to grain sizes of 0 to 1 mm.
  • the briquettes are then usually compacted in presses by pressing the grains, whereby in many cases a briquette geometry in the form of an elongated cuboid with optionally rounded corners or rounded edges has proven to be advantageous.
  • Briquettes in the shape of an ellipsoid are also common, especially produced using roller presses.
  • Water or steam can be added to increase the baking capacity (sticking of the particles together during and after pressing) or to improve the agglomeration properties of the crushed raw material.
  • a high water content can have a detrimental effect on the strength of the briquettes as soon as they are coked, with the result that the briquettes disintegrate, particularly in the lower area of a vertical chamber furnace, where the greatest forces or loads act on the briquettes, and impair the coking process.
  • a furnace device in particular with at least one vertical furnace chamber, in particular a coke furnace, for producing coke from at least one solid feedstock, in particular from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; comprising at least one briquette dryer set up for tempering briquettes made from the feedstock and at least one furnace chamber with heating walls coupled to the briquette dryer, in particular below the briquette dryer; wherein the briquette dryer has a heating device and a briquette reservoir that can be heated thereby, and wherein the briquette dryer is set up to set a temperature in the briquette reservoir that increases continuously or stepwise in the conveying direction of the briquettes, in particular at least two or three temperature levels in the range from 60 to 200°C. It has been shown that the briquettes described here can be used advantageously in such a furnace device.
  • the above information in the table is in percent by mass, whereby the volatile components were measured under "waf” conditions, i.e. in a water- and ash-free state.
  • the bulk density of the briquettes in the furnace chamber can be in the range of 650 to 850 kg/m 3 , based on a density of 1,350 kg/m 3 of the respective briquette.
  • a method is also provided in particular for producing coke from at least one solid feedstock, in particular from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; which feedstock is provided in the form of briquettes and is fed to a vertical oven chamber, in particular a coke oven, in particular fed to a previously described oven device; wherein the briquettes are first fed to a briquette dryer, dried therein according to a predefined temperature curve continuously in accordance with the feed of the briquettes, in particular to at least two or three temperature levels in the range from 60 to 200°C, and then fed to the oven chamber.
  • This allows the briquettes to be pre-dried and pre-assembled in a very precisely predeterminable manner and treated gently. It has been shown that the briquettes described here can be used advantageously in such a method.
  • the raw material briquettes are, for example, fed through the respective furnace chamber over a period of 4 to 15 hours, in particular 6 to 9 hours.
  • the raw material briquettes are heated from initial temperatures between 100 and 200°C, in particular 150°C, to final temperatures between 900 and 1100°C, in particular in several stages.
  • the required heat can be generated in two channels arranged to the side of the respective chamber, which can be heated by several external burners, and transferred indirectly through a stone partition wall into the respective furnace chamber.
  • the weak-baking hard coals themselves have only low baking properties.
  • the weak-baking hard coals can be mixed with Binders are added, which increases the adhesive effect or baking properties of the coal particles during the briquetting process.
  • fat coal in particular is a good-baking coal (classic "coking coal”).
  • edible coal and gas coal are also good-baking coals. All other types of coal are referred to in this description as weak-baking coals.
  • the briquettes can also consist of hard coal types such as anthracite (fB ⁇ 12%), lean coals (12% ⁇ fB ⁇ 19%), gas coals (28% ⁇ fB ⁇ 35%), gas flame coals (35% ⁇ fB ⁇ 45%) or alternatively of a mixture of these coal types, optionally also using high-quality fat (coke) coals (19% ⁇ fB ⁇ 28%).
  • hard coal types such as anthracite (fB ⁇ 12%), lean coals (12% ⁇ fB ⁇ 19%), gas coals (28% ⁇ fB ⁇ 35%), gas flame coals (35% ⁇ fB ⁇ 45%) or alternatively of a mixture of these coal types, optionally also using high-quality fat (coke) coals (19% ⁇ fB ⁇ 28%).
  • the raw material is crushed into pellets in a perforated disc roller mill, in particular with a grain size of 0 to 2 mm. It has been shown that pellets/grains produced using a perforated disc roller mill are particularly easy to bind (they cake easily) and therefore simplify the subsequent briquetting process (pressing).
  • the inventive use or design of a perforated disc roller mill is described in detail below.
  • briquettes in a flat cylindrical shape provide particularly good strength values, whether before or after coking.
  • a ratio of briquette diameter to briquette height of 1 to 5, especially 2 to 3 also provides good results with regard to the heating and coking process.
  • the briquette preferably has a diameter of 20 to 100 mm.
  • the briquette is mainly produced from coal grain sizes (pellets) between 0 and 2 mm.
  • the briquettes can optionally have a different geometry, such as cube, cuboid, plate, shell, pillow, sphere or egg-shaped geometries. In experiments to date, however, the best results have been achieved with the puck shape.
  • Process parameters include: pressing pressure, duration and temperature. Pressing is carried out at pressures of 120 to 150MPa, particularly at 140MPa. Pressing is carried out at temperatures between 60 and 100°C. Pressing is carried out for a duration of up to 15 seconds.
  • coals described here can be mixed with coking aids, making coking more efficient and giving the coke product higher quality, e.g. higher strength or higher reactivity.
  • At least one coking aid is added to the briquetting process (during pressing), in particular to improve the efficiency of the downstream coking process.
  • Coking aids can be selected individually or in combination, in particular from a group of coking aids that have previously been considered useful in connection with classic feedstocks.
  • baking (gluing) and coking aids are added to the raw material before the pressing and coking process in one or multi-stage mixing processes, in particular to improve the quality of the coke produced or to facilitate the briquette pressing process from low-baking coal types.
  • such aids are mixed in before briquetting at temperatures in the range of 30 to 120°C.
  • the auxiliary materials can be selected in particular from the following group, optionally in combination: molasses, sulphite waste liquor, sulphate waste liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, malt residues (brewery grains), HSC (high-conversion soaker cracking) residue, HSC/ROSE (residue oil supercritical extraction) mixed residues from the petroleum industry.
  • brown coal usually has a water content of >45%.
  • water contents of around 20% are advantageous. Pre-drying can therefore also be carried out.
  • the subsequent briquetting process takes place in the temperature range between 40 and 90°C, especially between 55 and 65°C.
  • the briquette shape (puck shape) can be maintained, with the result that pressure loss, heat transport, flow profile and other process parameters remain predefinable.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device and a method with the features described above, which also enables coking of non-classical feedstocks, in particular lignite and/or low-baking hard coal or biomass, and with which the feedstock can be prepared in such a way that a high level of strength can be achieved and maintained. , especially for or after coking of briquettes in vertical chamber furnaces.
  • the task can also be seen as preparing, preparing and/or handling non-classic feedstocks in such a way that the resulting product can be processed in a similar or identical manner as previously with classic feedstocks, e.g. classic hard coal briquettes.
  • a tool device for compacting solid, in particular carbon-containing feedstock in particular from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; into briquettes, with a device for pressing the feedstock; wherein the tool device comprises a first agglomeration stage with a perforated disc roller mill, wherein the device for pressing has a molding channel stamping press with at least one press stamp and a correspondingly designed press channel and is connected downstream of the perforated disc roller mill as a second agglomeration stage.
  • the two-stage agglomeration specifically based on a perforated disc roller mill and downstream molding channel stamping press, in combination delivers particularly good properties of the pressed feedstock.
  • process parameters or properties of the feedstock such as temperature and humidity, can be adjusted in a comparatively simple and precise manner, with the effect that the final properties of the pressed feedstock can be predefined within a narrow tolerance range.
  • the conveyability of the feedstock and a high geometric homogeneity and strength of the feedstock can be ensured. Both effects can promote the desired processing in the second agglomeration stage.
  • the tool device is designed for a two-stage agglomeration of the feedstock, namely for compacting the feedstock in a first step, in particular into cylindrical pellets, and for pressing in the pressing device in a second step.
  • the tool device can have a device for feeding the feedstock from the perforated disc roller mill to the press ram, the perforated disc roller mill being arranged upstream of the feeding device, optionally also above it, so that feeding can optionally also be carried out by gravity.
  • the agglomeration can comprise crushing the raw coal in a crusher, then crushing and producing green agglomerates (pellets) of limited strength in a perforated disc roller mill, which is particularly possible when the initial moisture content of the feedstock is comparatively high, and then drying the pellets to the desired target water content, e.g. in a tube dryer.
  • a crusher crushing and producing green agglomerates (pellets) of limited strength in a perforated disc roller mill, which is particularly possible when the initial moisture content of the feedstock is comparatively high, and then drying the pellets to the desired target water content, e.g. in a tube dryer.
  • drying will have beneficial effects for various feedstocks between the first agglomeration stage (perforated disc roller mill) and the second agglomeration stage (pressing), so that an arrangement next to each other in the same plane could be more advantageous than an arrangement one above the other.
  • the preferred type of drying and transfer can preferably be defined depending on the type of feedstock.
  • the perforated disc roller mill for pelletizing feedstock before pressing can be described as a modified flat die press.
  • the perforated disc roller mill delivers the feedstock in a configuration that is advantageous for pressing and the desired strength.
  • the perforated disc roller mill can offer an alternative to classic crushing, with the advantage that the pellets obtained simplify pressing and are beneficial to the goal of ensuring the greatest possible strength of the briquettes. It has been shown that a perforated disc roller mill can also deliver comparatively porous pellets with a low density.
  • a further advantage is the high fineness of comparatively moist feedstock. Thanks to the shaping by the perforated disc, good conveyability and a high homogeneity of the geometry of the feedstock or pellets can also be ensured. Both aspects are particularly advantageous for handling in a molding channel stamp press.
  • crushing in the pit-moist state can be carried out using the perforated disc roller mill. This has advantages not least in terms of dust formation or similar negative effects.
  • the subsequent addition of water can also be dispensed with.
  • the first step of agglomeration can therefore take place in a "natural" state of the feedstock, with good strength or good caking. Only then can/should pre-drying take place. Overall, this process sequence can prevent the feedstock from changing moisture content. Rather, the feedstock can be continuously drier in a gentle manner, which can minimize material stress.
  • pellets or so-called secondary grains (pre-compacted particles) with high internal fineness and, for example, advantageous transport properties can be achieved (low dust load; size range of the pellets e.g. 2/0.1mm, i.e. larger than 0.1mm and smaller than 2mm).
  • the perforated disc roller mill can be coupled to the molding channel stamp press. This can facilitate the handling of the briquettes during the process from the feedstock through comminution/pelletizing in the perforated disc roller mill, further through the drying of the pellets, pressing/briquetting, and further through the briquette drying to the coking/oven chamber.
  • the press passages are designed as cylindrical press passages, at least in sections, at least in a first section of the respective press passage. This enables a controlled application of pressure for compaction. This also enables advantageous shaping.
  • the press passages are divided into at least two sections, comprising a first section with the constant diameter, and further comprising a second section with a conicity, in particular a widening conicity, in particular a conicity that widens to 1.5 to 2 times the diameter.
  • the press passages are divided into at least two sections, comprising a first section with a constant diameter, which first section extends over a maximum of 20% of the absolute length of the respective press passage.
  • the diameter of the respective press passage can be larger than the target size of the pellet, at least in sections, particularly depending on the expansion behavior of the feedstock. If the expansion of the press passage is, for example, twice the diameter of a first section of the press passage, the feedstock or pellet does not necessarily have to expand twice. Ultimately, it depends on the feedstock whether the pellet expands completely in line with the expansion of the press passage, or whether the pellet expands less.
  • the previously described design of the press passages promotes successful pressing of the feedstock in the second agglomeration stage (forming channel stamp press).
  • pellets are too solid (pellets that are too compacted) and have no briquetting ability, especially since the pellets would already have too high a density if they were compressed too much in the first agglomeration stage and would already have firmly formed bonds between the coal particles.
  • the variably adjustable design of the press passages depending on the desired compaction can also minimize raw material influences that could have an adverse effect on the second agglomeration stage. Thanks to the two-stage agglomeration according to the invention, the application spectrum can therefore also be broadened to include a wide range of feedstocks.
  • the mold channel stamping press has a press channel with a conical inlet section and a conical outlet section, the press channel having a cross-sectional geometry with opposite conicity, in particular in the manner of a Venturi nozzle.
  • the device for pressing can have a press channel with Venturi cross-sectional geometry, which press channel is defined/referred to here as a Venturi press channel due to the double opposite conicity. This provides high strength and also has process-related advantages.
  • the oppositely tapered course enables full force application or relaxation, in particular in the case of cylindrical briquettes. An optimal compromise can be achieved, in particular with regard to strength.
  • the stamp has a cylindrical geometry in particular.
  • the stamp does not necessarily need to have a variable geometry that can be adapted to a cross-sectional taper, because the stamp does not have to be completely immersed in the mold or in the conical press channel.
  • Two wear sleeves can be arranged in the press channel, which can be inserted into the press channel one after the other.
  • the press channel can have a cross-sectional geometry with opposite conicity.
  • the opposite conicity can be described as a Venturi-like course that tapers twice in opposite directions in the feed direction.
  • the inlet section can have a conical shape that tapers in the feed direction.
  • narrowing cross-sectional geometry, and the outlet section can have a cross-sectional geometry that widens conically in the feed direction, so that the press channel forms a double conical contour with opposite conicity, initially narrowing and then widening, in particular in the manner of a Venturi nozzle.
  • the slope/conicity can be individually selected and specified by one or more (interchangeable) molded parts. In this way, the packaging or compacting can be easily optimized for each feedstock.
  • the inlet section is shorter in the feed direction than the outlet section. This makes it possible to achieve high briquette strength. It has been shown that it is advantageous to dimension the inlet section to be shorter than the outlet section. Both sections have a different function: the outlet section should also fulfill the function of gentle re-expansion.
  • a back expansion that is as gentle as possible provides quality-enhancing effects during the agglomeration process, particularly for compressive-plastic goods.
  • the briquettes can be expanded in a controlled manner.
  • the intensity of the compression can be set independently of the process parameters during unloading (expansion after pressing).
  • the length and gradient of the inlet and outlet sections can be used to influence the process parameters, even if the feed rate is the same throughout the entire press channel (length and gradient of sleeves or molded parts; diameter and length of a main constriction between conical sections, particularly with a constant cross-section).
  • the length of the outlet section is at least 15 cm. This ensures continuous relaxation of the pressed part. This has a positive effect on the strength of the pressed part.
  • the length of the outlet section is a maximum of 2/3 of the absolute length of the mold channel.
  • the length of the outlet section is exactly or approximately 200mm. It has been shown that it is advantageous if the diameter widens from the main constriction of 49.1mm to 50mm.
  • the length of the outlet section is variably adjustable, in particular in order to be able to react to raw material properties.
  • the feed or stroke of the stamp is set so that a single briquette is produced with each stroke.
  • the feed rate can be determined via a press speed, particularly depending on the moisture, the fineness or other parameters of the raw material properties of the feedstock. Depending on this, the migration speed of the briquette through the press channel can be specified.
  • the press channel has a cylindrical cross-sectional geometry at least in sections, in particular in the feed direction in front of the conical inlet section and/or behind the conical outlet section and/or between the inlet section and the outlet section. This allows the feedstock to be treated even more gently and brought into the desired shape with little stress, in particular for maximum strength values.
  • the press channel comprises a central section between an inlet and outlet section with a different cross-sectional geometry, in particular a section with a uniform, preferably cylindrical cross-sectional geometry.
  • a homogeneous surface pressure can be achieved in the axial direction, and in conjunction with a certain feed rate and a certain conicity, a very precisely predefinable radial surface pressure can also be achieved, distributed very homogeneously over the entire briquette, in particular by means of an intermediate section with a uniform, preferably cylindrical cross-sectional geometry. This produces briquettes with high (compressive or abrasion) strength.
  • the inlet section and the outlet section are each made of a single molded part. This allows even comparatively hard coals/feedstocks to be pressed with high quality.
  • the molded part can be designed with high strength and pressure resistance. It has been shown that a multi-part mold can be sufficient, especially for binder-free briquetting of German lignite.
  • a first sleeve can be provided for the inlet section (especially up to a main constriction), and a second sleeve for the outlet section (particularly from the main constriction).
  • Several individual mold parts provide greater flexibility, as a combination of different sleeves for different coals/feedstocks is possible.
  • manufacturing advantages can be realized.
  • the use of a one-piece, particularly cylindrical compact mold (or press channel) enables a particularly high tension or pressure load in the press channel and is therefore particularly advantageous for comparatively hard coals/feedstocks. Depending on the feedstock, the optimal compromise can be selected here.
  • the mold channel stamping press has cooling channels that extend along the press channel, in particular at least along one of the inlet and outlet sections. This means that pressing can also take place in a very narrowly predeterminable temperature range, whereby the quality of the briquettes produced can be further improved.
  • the mold channel stamping press has a measuring device comprising at least one moisture sensor and/or at least one pressure sensor. This allows further parameters to be monitored and adjusted during pressing, in particular in order to achieve a particularly high quality of the briquettes.
  • the moisture measurement can be carried out in particular by means of a sensor (e.g. contactless sensor, in particular based on microwaves) which determines the H2O content of the feedstock fed to the tool device immediately before the press channel.
  • a contactless measuring method is used, in particular an optical method or ultrasound method.
  • the pressure measurement can be carried out by means of a sensor (e.g. pressure cell), which measures the pressure (force/area) in the mold channel or the pressure on the stamp.
  • a sensor e.g. pressure cell
  • the tool device can therefore have a plurality of agglomeration stages, at least comprising the molding channel stamp press, at least one device for grinding the feedstock, at least one device for drying the feedstock, and at least one perforated disc roller mill for pelletizing the ground feedstock.
  • An individual agglomeration stage is to be understood as the entirety of the processes or systems that serve to provide the feedstock in a specific configuration, so specifically here as the first agglomeration stage, the configuration into pellets, and as the second agglomeration stage, the pressing into briquettes. Agglomeration therefore relates to processes or systems for providing the briquettes upstream of the furnace chamber, before coking.
  • the grinding device can be designed to crush the feedstock to approx. ⁇ 20mm.
  • the grinding device can in particular be designed as a jaw crusher. It has been shown that it is particularly advantageous to provide grinding/crushing when the feedstock has a diameter d of more than 20mm.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by a method for compacting solid, in particular carbon-containing feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; into briquettes, comprising pressing the feedstock; wherein the feedstock is first pelletized into pellets in a first agglomeration stage by means of a perforated disc roller mill, and then pressed into briquettes in a second agglomeration stage by means of a mold channel stamp press with at least one press stamp in a press channel along a conically narrowing inlet section and a conically widening outlet section.
  • This makes it possible to provide briquettes of high quality, in particular of high strength.
  • the method can be easily optimized with regard to certain feedstocks.
  • the feedstock is pelletized into cylindrical pellets using a perforated disc roller mill before pressing. This provides the feedstock in a configuration that is advantageous for pressing upstream of the mold channel stamp press.
  • the perforated disc roller mill has a die with a plurality of press passages, in particular cylindrical passages with a diameter between 2 and 6 mm, in particular up to 6 mm, preferably less than 3 mm, more preferably 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the length of the passages can be variable, or individually specified for each die.
  • the respective die can be exchangeable and used individually for each feedstock.
  • the passages can have an expanding cross-sectional geometry or backbore on the output side for the greatest possible back expansion. This makes it possible to achieve the weakest possible compaction/densification.
  • the pellets obtained in this way have the lowest possible bulk density and thus high porosity, in particular a bulk density in the range of 0.65 to 0.75 g/cm 3 , and/or a porosity in the range of 42 to 46%. It has been shown that this can be used to set advantageous properties when pressing in a mold channel stamping press with a Venturi channel. According to an advantageous embodiment, the bulk density of the pellets is approx. 0.7 g/cm 3 or exactly 0.72 g/cm 3 , and the porosity approx. 44% or exactly 44.6%.
  • the perforated disc roller mill has a die with a large number of press passages, each with a diameter of up to 6 mm or between 1 and 6 mm, in particular less than 3 mm. This also provides advantageous packaging for the second agglomeration stage. It has been shown that advantageous pre-packaging of the feedstock can be achieved in a simple manner using the perforated disc roller mill.
  • the press passages of the first agglomeration stage good conditions can be created for successful pressability in the second agglomeration stage.
  • the pretreatment in the perforated disc roller mill allows the feedstock to be pre-processed by using the press passages, in particular in a preferred geometry, to only produce a comparatively weak agglomeration, and the feedstock is thus pre-processed for preferred processing using the molding channel stamp press (second agglomeration stage).
  • a pellet is understood to be the molded body obtained after the step of rolling/shaping using the perforated disc roller mill.
  • the geometry of the pre-compacted material/pellets can be determined by the geometry of the die or the passages.
  • Several pellets can then be formed into a briquette or pressed part in the subsequent pressing step, in particular by more precisely adjusting the pressing pressure, temperature and pressing time.
  • the compaction process involves a two-stage agglomeration, whereby the relatively moist feedstock (especially in the range of 20 Ma%) can be pelletized into cylindrical pellets before pressing. It has proven to be advantageous if the coal or the feedstock has a water content of between 8 and 15 Ma%, especially 10 to 12 Ma%, before pressing.
  • the perforated disc roller mill enables pelletizing of relatively moist feedstock, so that drying can take place between the perforated disc roller mill and the molding channel stamp press as required.
  • pressing takes place at temperatures in the range of 60 to 95°C or 50 to 90°C or 40 to 80°C, in particular 55 to 65°C.
  • This allows adhesion or caking to be optimized, in particular in the desired moisture range. In particular, it can be ensured that no evaporation occurs. It has been shown that brown coal in particular can be pressed into particularly pressure-resistant briquettes, especially at at least approximately 65°C.
  • pressing takes place at pressures of 120 to 150 MPa, in particular at 140 MPa. This allows the briquettes to have advantageous properties for various input materials. High qualities can be achieved in this pressure range in particular.
  • the pressure exerted on the feed material in the outlet section is preferably set to be significantly lower than the pressure in the inlet section in the main constriction (central section), in particular with a continuous decrease starting from the maximum pressure level. This ensures good properties of the briquettes, in particular due to gentle treatment.
  • a binding agent is added to the feedstock before or during pressing, in particular a binding agent from the group: molasses, sulphite (waste) lye, sulphate (waste) lye, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue.
  • a binding agent from the group: molasses, sulphite (waste) lye, sulphate (waste) lye, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue.
  • the binding agent is added in particular at temperatures in the range of 30 to 120°C.
  • binding agents in the perforated disc roller mill is not necessarily required.
  • briquetting or coking aids can also be added there and/or in a separate mixer.
  • a binding agent or coking aid used for briquetting or coking can be added in the perforated disc roller mill or in a separate mixer for optimal mixing.
  • Coking aids can be added upstream of the perforated disc roller mill.
  • the feedstock is provided after the first agglomeration stage with a pellet or grain size between 0.1 and 4 mm or between 0.1 and 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm.
  • a pellet or grain size between 0.1 and 4 mm or between 0.1 and 3 mm, in particular less than 2 mm.
  • Pressing is preferably carried out with a maximum of 15 Ma% water, in particular temperature and/or humidity-controlled in the range of 8 to 15 Ma%, or even more specifically in the range of 10 to 12 Ma%.
  • the comminution of the feedstock can be done by grinding and pelletizing in the perforated disc roller mill.
  • the feedstock for the first and/or second agglomeration stage is provided with a water content of 15 to 60 Ma%, in particular 40 to 60 Ma%; the feedstock is brought to a water content of 5 to 20 Ma%, in particular 10 to 12 Ma%, in particular 11 Ma% during pressing, in particular at temperatures in the range of 40 to 70°C, in particular 50 to 70°C, in particular 60°C.
  • the water content can also be higher or lower, in particular in the complete range from the initial water content of the feedstock (e.g. brown coal 50 to 65%) to the water content of the pre-dried feedstock.
  • a porosity in the range of 40 to a maximum of 50% is preferably ensured, and/or a bulk density in the range of 0.6 to a maximum of 0.8 g/cm 3 .
  • the bulk density of the pellets is max. 0.75 g/cm 3
  • the porosity is max. 45%.
  • the pressing takes place in batches to form one briquette at a time within a period of less than 15 seconds, in particular less than 10 seconds, in particular in the range of 3 to 9 seconds. This allows good properties of the briquette to be achieved, in particular good strength values.
  • the coal or the feedstock is mixed from at least two different feedstocks before pressing, in particular with the addition of a binding agent. This allows the composition of the briquette to be individually optimized for a particular application.
  • a coking aid is added to the feedstock before or during pressing, in particular a coking aid from the group: molasses, sulfite (waste) liquor, sulfate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC (high-conversion soaker cracking) residue, HSC/ROSE (residue oil supercritical extraction) mixed residues.
  • a coking aid from the group: molasses, sulfite (waste) liquor, sulfate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibers, HSC (high-conversion soaker cracking) residue, HSC/ROSE (residue oil supercritical extraction) mixed residues.
  • HSC high-conversion soaker cracking
  • HSC/ROSE residue oil supercritical extraction
  • This ensures a high level of operational reliability, especially in very high furnace chambers with a high load on the lower briquettes.
  • the range of applications for the briquettes is therefore particularly broad. It has been shown that briquetting is a determining factor for the strength of the briquettes even after coking. However, the strength can be lost through improper drying, coking or cooling.
  • the temperature-controlled process described here ensures that the compressive strength of brown coal in particular does not decrease as a result of coking, but remains constant or even increases.
  • an increase in strength of at least 30 to 50% can be ensured, for example from 25MPa to at least 35MPa, or from 30MPa to at least 45MPa.
  • the time/duration of the coking and the pressure conditions in the furnace chamber are also important parameters for optimizing the coking process. However, it has been shown that the temperature curve has the greatest influence.
  • the strength can be a monovariable function of the density.
  • binding agents by using binding agents, briquettes with very high strength can be produced even at lower density.
  • the feedstock is first heated and dried to 20% water by mass, and then the feedstock to be pressed/pressed into briquettes is heated and dried to 11% water by mass before the briquettes are fed into a furnace. This ensures that the briquettes are treated particularly gently. Pressing is preferably carried out at 11% water by mass, in particular with temperature and/or humidity control.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by using a perforated disc roller mill in conjunction with a molding channel stamp press in a two-stage agglomeration process for compacting at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; for providing briquettes, wherein the perforated disc roller mill comprises a die with a plurality of press passages, each with a diameter of up to 6 mm, in particular less than 2 mm, in particular using a molding channel stamp press with a press channel that tapers twice in opposite directions for providing in particular cylindrical briquettes from pellets of a perforated disc roller mill, in particular for a furnace device with vertical furnace chambers.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by using a perforated disc roller mill for pelletizing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; for providing pellets for pressing the pellets into briquettes in a molding channel stamp press, wherein the perforated disc roller mill comprises a die with a plurality of press passages each with a diameter of up to 6 mm, in particular less than 2 mm, in particular for a furnace device with vertical furnace chambers.
  • the briquette has this compressive strength before and/or after coking, preferably both before and after coking.
  • the briquette has a cylindrical geometry. It has been shown that this geometry opens up a wide range of applications for the briquettes and, in particular, also enables an advantageous manufacturing process. According to one embodiment, the briquette is wider than it is high, in particular disc-shaped. This enables particularly precise influence on the properties of the briquettes in connection with pressing.
  • the briquette has a cylindrical geometry with a width to height ratio of 1 to 5, in particular 2 to 3, with at least one end face geometrically corresponding to a Front side of a press ram of a molding channel press.
  • the press ram can be used to give the briquette a geometry within a narrow tolerance range. This is advantageous not least in terms of strength.
  • the briquette has a width or diameter of 20 to 100 mm, for example, with flat front sides, optionally with rounded corners. It has been shown that the cylindrical geometry offers advantages, particularly when replacing classic blast furnace briquettes or classic feedstocks for which slow combustion and a delayed reaction are necessary or desirable. In particular, due to the strength values achieved with cylindrical briquettes using the agglomeration process described here (pressing in a press channel), substitution can be carried out on a broad basis.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by a pellet designed for pressing in a molding channel stamping press for providing a briquette designed for coking in a furnace device for producing coke, wherein the pellet is produced by pelletizing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in a perforated disc roller mill, by providing the pellet with a size between 0.1 and 4 mm or between 0.1 and 3 mm to the molding channel stamping press.
  • This also provides a broad range of applications.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved by a briquette, in particular a previously described briquette, produced by pressing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in a molding channel press with a press channel that tapers twice in opposite directions like a Venturi, in particular after the feedstock has previously been pelletized in a perforated disc roller mill.
  • a briquette in particular a previously described briquette, produced by pressing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in a molding channel press with a press channel that tapers twice in opposite directions like a Venturi, in particular after the feedstock has previously been pelletized in a perforated disc roller mill.
  • this makes it possible to produce briquettes with high strength. It has been shown that when using the device according to the invention, the feedstocks brown coal and low-baking hard coal and biomass in particular can also be mixed with one another.
  • a briquette designed for coking in a furnace device in particular a briquette as described above, produced by pelletizing at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in a perforated disc roller mill, by providing the feedstock after the first agglomeration stage with a size between 0.1 and 4 mm or between 0.1 and 3 mm, and by subsequently pressing the pellets obtained to form in particular cylindrical briquettes in a molding channel stamp press, in particular in a press channel that tapers twice in opposite directions in a Venturi-like manner.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a coal pressed part made of lignite, provided as a coal briquette or coke briquette, having the following properties: gross density maximum 0.75 g/cm 3 , and/or porosity maximum 45%, wherein the coal pressed part has in particular a cylindrical, disc-shaped geometry.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a coal pressed part made of low-caking hard coal, provided as a coal briquette or coke briquette, with the following properties: gross density maximum 0.75 g/cm 3 , and/or porosity maximum 45%, wherein the coal pressed part has in particular a cylindrical, disc-shaped geometry.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a pressed part made of biomass or petroleum coal, having the following properties: maximum bulk density of 0.75 g/cm 3 , and/or maximum porosity of 45%, wherein the pressed part has in particular a cylindrical, disc-shaped geometry.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by using a briquette, in particular a cylindrical one, pelletized by means of a perforated disc roller mill and pressed by means of a molding channel stamp press, made from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in a vertical chamber furnace, in particular a briquette as described above, for producing coke briquettes by tempering at least two temperature ranges with differently steep temperature ramps, first a smaller gradient, then a larger gradient.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by using coking aids for producing a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-caking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in particular a briquette described above, wherein the coking aid consists of at least one component from the following group: Sulfite (waste) liquor, sulfate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue.
  • coking aids for producing a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-caking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in particular a briquette described above, wherein the coking aid consists of at least one component from the following group: Sulfite (waste) liquor, sulfate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved by using a binding agent to produce a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-caking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; in particular a previously described briquette, wherein the binding agent consists of at least one component from the following group: sulphite (waste) liquor, sulphate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue, malt residue (brewer's grains).
  • the binding agent can not only improve the cohesion of the pellets/precompacts, but also improve the coke properties (in particular the CRI and CSR values).
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved by using binding agents and/or coking aids to produce a briquette from at least one solid feedstock from the group: brown coal, low-baking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; the binding agent or coking aid comprises at least one substance from the group: sulphite (waste) liquor, sulphate (waste) liquor, propane bitumen, cellulose fibres, HSC residue, HSC/ROSE mixed residue. It has been shown that these substances can be used both as binding agents and as coking aids.
  • the binding agents are added to the feedstock before pressing and, thanks to their adhesive effect, enable a dimensionally stable pressed part to be produced from low-baking feedstock.
  • the coking aids on the other hand, only melt at higher temperatures in the furnace chamber and form so-called melt or solid bridges between the particles during expansion/expansion and resolidification of the feedstock, especially in the temperature range >350°C.
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by a coal utilization arrangement comprising at least one previously described furnace device and at least one previously described tool device, wherein briquettes pressed by means of the tool device are preferably pressed with a water content of less than 15 Ma%, in particular in the range of 10 to 12 Ma% and are provided at this water content to the furnace device, in particular to a temperature and/or humidity-controlled briquette dryer upstream of the furnace chamber.
  • This can prevent the briquettes from absorbing water again after packaging. Material stress can be minimized.
  • Such a coal utilization arrangement offers advantages in terms of handling or feeding the feedstock or the pellets/pre-compacts, and in particular enables the flexible setting of drying processes or temperature curves, depending on the type of coal.
  • the finally pressed briquettes can be conveyed to the briquette dryer or an upstream bunker, for example, using a corrugated edge belt conveyor or conveyor belt (belt system) after pressing.
  • the tool device in particular a/the molding channel stamping press of the tool device, is arranged in the direction of gravity above a/the briquette dryer of the oven device.
  • the individual components of the tool device can also be arranged in other positions.
  • the briquettes can, for example, be conveyed with a bucket elevator into a bunker, in particular arranged above the briquette dryer, so that at least conveyance from the bunker based on gravitational forces is possible.
  • it can be more advantageous for the entire agglomeration stage or devices for compacting to be arranged outside the coke oven battery.
  • the coal utilization arrangement comprises a perforated disc roller mill, which is arranged in the conveying direction of the feedstock upstream of a/the molding channel stamp press of the tool device.
  • the following arrangements or material flows can be implemented: The feedstock is fed (in particular without the need for pre-drying) to a perforated disc roller mill, then dried, and then pressed into briquettes.
  • the following arrangement was previously common: Pre-shredded feedstock was conveyed to a dryer, from there to a post-shredding facility, and then pressed into briquettes.
  • the pre-dryer can be arranged near the molding channel stamping press.
  • the briquette dryer is preferably located above the respective furnace chamber.
  • the following can be coupled to a (respective) furnace chamber: an overbuilt bunker, an overbuilt dryer, a device for dry coke cooling underneath.
  • the following separate components can form a unit: first agglomeration stage (including drying, crushing), second agglomeration stage (including briquetting).
  • a centralized dryer can be provided for several furnace chambers, whereby the integration of other waste heat sources is possible, in particular for the purpose of reducing emissions, reducing corrosion in the dryer, or improving the coke quality through feedstock-specific controlled drying.
  • the following units can then also be formed: first and second agglomeration stage, briquette bunker and briquette dryer, furnace chamber with overbuilt bunker and device for dry coke cooling underneath.
  • wet crushing and shaping can also be carried out, particularly for brown coal, i.e. with a comparatively high moisture content, namely in a perforated disc roller mill or perforated disc roller mill, which enables intensive disintegration of the grains and thus facilitates subsequent baking and can enable high compressive strengths.
  • briquetting can then take place in the second agglomeration step.
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a process for producing coke and/or valuable chemical materials such as gases and liquids by coking at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-caking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; wherein the at least one solid feedstock is ground and pelletized in a first agglomeration stage preceding the coking and is pressed in a further preceding second agglomeration stage, in each case preferably with controlled drying, and is then further dried in a briquette dryer in stages to a moisture content of less than 5% by mass, and is then conveyed through a shaft-like coking chamber from top to bottom due to gravitational forces and is thereby continuously heated with increasing path length, wherein the required heat energy is generated in at least two, preferably at least three horizontal heating channels arranged on one side to the side of the respective furnace chamber, and preferably also by a meandering heating channel above it, which are each individually heated by at least one external burner, and is indirectly transferred into the furnace chamber via
  • At least one of the objects described above is also achieved by a process for producing coke and/or valuable chemical materials such as gases and liquids by coking at least one solid feedstock from the group: lignite, low-caking hard coal, biomass, petroleum coke, petroleum coal; wherein the at least one feedstock is coagulated in a preceding first agglomeration stage comprising a perforated disc roller mill and then pressed in a second agglomeration stage comprising a molding channel stamp press, and preferably pre-dried in each agglomeration stage, then further dried in stages in a briquette dryer to a moisture content of less than 5 Ma%, and then conveyed through a shaft-like coking chamber from top to bottom due to gravitational forces and thereby continuously heated with increasing path length, wherein the required heat energy is generated in at least two, preferably at least three horizontal heating channels each arranged on one side to the side of the respective furnace chamber, and preferably also by a meandering heating channel above it, which are each individually heated by at least
  • At least one of the previously described objects is also achieved according to the invention by a method for producing coke briquettes from solid, in particular carbon-containing feedstock, comprising both the previously described compacting of the feedstock into briquettes and the previously described production of coke briquettes, wherein both the compacting and the subsequent drying in a briquette dryer and/or the coking in a respective furnace chamber are carried out in a temperature and/or humidity-controlled manner.
  • This enables briquettes of very high quality, in particular due to temperature and/or humidity control throughout the entire process chain.
  • a tool device 70 is shown, which can be part of a coal utilization arrangement 80 comprising a furnace device 10.
  • the tool device 70 comprises a first agglomeration stage 70.1 and a second agglomeration stage 70.2.
  • the first agglomeration stage 70.1 comprises a perforated disk roller mill 79 with a matrix 79.1 with a plurality of press passages 79.2, through which feedstock 1 can be pressed and provided in the form of pellets 1.1 at the second agglomeration stage 70.2.
  • the second agglomeration stage 70.2 comprises a device for pressing 73, which is designed as a mold channel stamp press or comprises one. After pressing, the briquettes 5 obtained can be fed to the furnace device 10, in particular a vertical chamber coke oven.
  • Fig. 2 shows schematically the integration of the tool device 70 into a coal utilization arrangement 80 comprising a furnace device 10 with a feed unit 10.1 for the briquetted feedstock 5, a briquette dryer 15, an input system 16, several vertical furnace chambers 11, a coke dry cooling system 19 and a discharge system 17.
  • Fig.3 shows in detail a mold channel 73.1 with Venturi geometry, formed in a base body 73.2, in which tempering channels (cooling or heating channels) 73.21 are also provided.
  • a press ram 75 is guided in a guide section 74, which merges into a continuously narrowing inlet section 76 (length of the mold channel constriction L73), in particular formed by a first sleeve. This can be followed in the feed direction by a central section or a main constriction 76a, in particular with a cylindrical geometry or circular cross-sectional profile.
  • a continuously widening outlet section 77 can be formed in particular by a second sleeve.
  • the sections together form a die 78, which can optionally be in one piece or can be formed by a single mold section of the mold channel.
  • the pressing ram 75 can be moved over a maximum stroke length H, whereby the length of a single stroke preferably corresponds to the width of the respective briquette (one briquette per stroke).
  • the plunger immersion depth E in the inlet section 76 is preferably significantly greater than the respective stroke.
  • the height ⁇ z73 of the The degree of compression can be defined by the mold channel constriction. The height ⁇ z73 is preferably greater than the height of the mold channel widening, and/or the slope of the mold channel constriction is greater than that of the mold channel widening.
  • a control device 20 is also indicated, by means of which a process control can be carried out based on measured values recorded by a measuring device 14.
  • the measuring device 14 comprises in particular at least one temperature sensor 14.1 and/or at least one H20 sensor 14.2 and/or at least one pressure sensor 14.3, the respective position of which is only indicated here by way of example.
  • the in Fig.3 The compaction shown can optionally also be carried out decoupled from the other process steps.

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Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif d'outillage (70) pour compacter une matière de charge solide, en particulier contenant du carbone, en briquettes, avec un dispositif pour presser la matière de charge, le dispositif de compression présentant une presse à poinçon à canal de formage (73) avec au moins un poinçon de compression (75) et un canal de compression correspondant (73.1),
    considération le dispositif d'outillage comprend un premier étage d'agglomération (70.1) avec un broyeur à cylindres perforés (79), et la presse à poinçons à canaux de formage (73) est montée en aval du broyeur à cylindres perforés comme deuxième étage d'agglomération (70.2), le broyeur à cylindres perforés (79) comprenant une matrice (79.1) avec une pluralité de passages de pressage (79.2) ayant chacun un diamètre allant jusqu'à 6 mm ou compris entre 1 et 6 mm, en particulier inférieur à 3 mm, et dans lequel une section d'entrée (76) et une section de sortie (77) du canal de pressage (73.1) sont formées chacune d'une seule pièce moulée.
  2. Dispositif d'outillage selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel les passages de compression sont réalisés sous forme de passages de compression cylindriques, au moins par sections, au moins dans une première section du passage de compression respectif ; et/ou dans lequel les passages de compression sont divisés en au moins deux sections, comprenant une première section avec le diamètre constant, et comprenant en outre une deuxième section avec une conicité, en particulier une conicité s'élargissant, en particulier une conicité s'élargissant de 1.5 à 2 fois le diamètre ; et/ou dans lequel les passages de compression sont divisés en au moins deux sections, comprenant une première section de diamètre constant, laquelle première section s'étend au maximum sur 20% de la longueur absolue du passage de compression respectif.
  3. Dispositif d'outillage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel une/la section d'entrée (76) du canal de pressage (73.1) est plus courte dans la direction d'avance qu'une/la section de sortie (77) ; et/ou dans lequel le canal de pressage (73.1) présente une section d'entrée conique (76) et une section de sortie conique (77), le canal de pressage présentant une géométrie de section transversale à conicité opposée.
  4. Dispositif d'outillage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le canal de pressage (73.1) présente au moins par sections une géométrie de section cylindrique, notamment dans le sens d'avancement en amont d'une/de section(s) d'entrée conique(s) (76) et/ou en aval d'une/de section(s) de sortie conique(s) (77) et/ou entre la section d'entrée et la section de sortie.
  5. Dispositif d'outillage selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le canal de pressage comprend une portion centrale (76a) entre une/des portion(s) d'entrée et de sortie (76, 77) ayant une géométrie de section différente, notamment une portion ayant une géométrie de section uniforme, de préférence cylindrique.
  6. Dispositif d'outillage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le dispositif d'outillage comprend au moins un dispositif de broyage de la charge, notamment un concasseur à mâchoires, placé en amont de la première étape d'agglomération, et au moins un dispositif de séchage de la charge, notamment à <=20Ma% d'eau.
  7. Procédé de compactage d'une charge d'alimentation carbonée solide choisie dans le groupe constitué par le lignite, la houille à faible pouvoir calorifique, la biomasse, le coke de pétrole, le charbon de pétrole ; en briquettes, comprenant une compression de la charge d'alimentation, avec un dispositif d'outillage selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif ;
    caractérisé en ce que la matière première est d'abord agglomérée en granulés dans une première étape d'agglomération au moyen du broyeur à cylindres perforés (79), puis dans une deuxième étape d'agglomération au moyen de la presse à poinçon à canal de formage (73) avec au moins un poinçon de presse dans le canal de presse (73.1) le long de la section d'entrée (76) se rétrécissant de manière conique et de la section de sortie (77) s'élargissant de manière conique en briquettes, la matière de départ étant mise à disposition après la première étape d'agglomération avec une granulométrie entre 0,1 et 4 mm ou entre 0,1 et 3 mm.
  8. Procédé de compactage selon la revendication précédente, dans lequel le compactage est effectué à des températures comprises dans la plage de 60 à 95°C ou de 50 à 90°C ou de 40 à 80°C, en particulier de 55 à 65°C.
  9. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la matière première est mise à disposition après la première étape d'agglomération avec une taille de grain inférieure à 2 mm.
  10. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, dans lequel la matière première pour la première et/ou la deuxième étape d'agglomération est préparée avec une teneur en eau de 15 à 60 Ma%, en particulier de 40 à 60 Ma% ; dans lequel la matière première est amenée lors du compactage à une teneur en eau de 5 à 20 Ma%, en particulier de 10 à 12 Ma%, en particulier de 11 Ma%, en particulier à des températures dans la plage de 40 à 70°C, en particulier de 50 à 70°C, en particulier de 60°C.
  11. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le compactage s'effectue par lots en une briquette respective en l'espace d'une durée inférieure à 15 secondes, en particulier inférieure à 10 secondes, en particulier dans la plage de 3 à 9 secondes.
  12. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, dans lequel le compactage est effectué à des pressions de 120 à 150 MPa, en particulier à 140 MPa.
  13. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, dans lequel un liant est ajouté à la charge avant ou pendant le compactage, en particulier un liant choisi dans le groupe : mélasse, liqueur de soufre, liqueur de sulfate, bitume de propane, fibres de cellulose, résidu de HSC (Conversion Soaker Cracking), résidu de mélange HSC/ROSE (Residue Oil Supercritical Extraction) de l'industrie pétrolière.
  14. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, le compactage étant effectué de telle sorte que les briquettes transformées en briquettes de coke présentent, avant et/ou après la cokéfaction, une résistance à la compression >=20 MPa ou >=30 MPa.
  15. Procédé de compactage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel, avant le compactage des briquettes, on effectue d'abord un chauffage et un séchage de la matière première à 20 % d'eau, puis un chauffage et un séchage de la matière première comprimée en briquettes à 11 % d'eau, avant que les briquettes soient amenées à un dispositif de four (10).
  16. Utilisation d'un dispositif d'outillage selon au moins l'une des revendications de dispositif précédentes dans un processus d'agglomération en deux étapes selon un procédé de compactage selon au moins l'une des revendications de procédé précédentes, pour le compactage d'au moins une matière première solide du groupe : lignite, houille à faible cuisson, biomasse, coke de pétrole, charbon de pétrole ; pour la mise à disposition de briquettes, le broyeur à cylindres à disques perforés (79) comprenant la matrice (79.1) avec une pluralité de passages de compression (79.2) ayant chacun un diamètre allant jusqu'à 6 mm, en particulier inférieur à 2 mm, et dans lequel la presse à poinçon à canal de formage (73) comprend un canal de compression (73.1) se rétrécissant deux fois en sens inverse pour la mise à disposition de briquettes en particulier cylindriques à partir de pellets du broyeur à cylindres perforés (79).
  17. Briquette (5) fabriquée avec un dispositif d'outillage selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes du dispositif, avec un procédé selon au moins l'une des revendications précédentes du procédé agencé pour la cokéfaction dans un dispositif de four pour la fabrication de coke, notamment de briquette cylindrique ; caractérisé en ce que la briquette est constituée d'une matière première choisie dans le groupe suivant : lignite, charbon de terre faiblement aggloméré, biomasse, coke de pétrole, charbon de pétrole ; et présente une résistance à la compression >=20 MPa ou >=30 MPa, la briquette étant soumise à une première étape d'agglomération (70.1) avec le broyeur à rouleaux à disques perforés (79) et par une deuxième étape d'agglomération (70.2) avec la presse à poinçons à canal de formage (73), en fournissant la matière première après la première étape d'agglomération avec une taille de grain entre 0,1 et 4mm ou entre 0,1 et 3mm.
  18. Briquette selon la revendication 17 précédente, ladite briquette ayant une géométrie cylindrique avec un rapport largeur/hauteur de 1 à 5, notamment de 2 à 3, avec au moins une face d'extrémité correspondant géométriquement à une face d'extrémité d'un poinçon de presse à canal de formage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6.
EP18724134.4A 2017-04-13 2018-04-05 Dispositif et procédé de compactage de matières premières carbonées et utilisation Active EP3609987B1 (fr)

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JP2019059880A (ja) * 2017-09-27 2019-04-18 一般財団法人電力中央研究所 炭化物固化体の製造方法
WO2025018036A1 (fr) * 2023-07-14 2025-01-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Procédé de production de gâteau de charbon, procédé de production de coke métallurgique et matériau améliorant la résistance pour gâteau de charbon

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EP3609987A1 (fr) 2020-02-19
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UA124595C2 (uk) 2021-10-13
JP2020519703A (ja) 2020-07-02
CN110494535A (zh) 2019-11-22

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