EP3629352A1 - Limiteur de courant de court-circuit - Google Patents

Limiteur de courant de court-circuit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3629352A1
EP3629352A1 EP18197446.0A EP18197446A EP3629352A1 EP 3629352 A1 EP3629352 A1 EP 3629352A1 EP 18197446 A EP18197446 A EP 18197446A EP 3629352 A1 EP3629352 A1 EP 3629352A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
short
current
circuit current
current limiter
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18197446.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans-Peter KRÄMER
Christian Schacherer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP18197446.0A priority Critical patent/EP3629352A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2019/075363 priority patent/WO2020064558A1/fr
Publication of EP3629352A1 publication Critical patent/EP3629352A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/10—Adaptation for built-in fuses
    • H01H9/106—Adaptation for built-in fuses fuse and switch being connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a short-circuit current limiter according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the nominal current path In the event of a short circuit, the nominal current path is opened, which creates an arc.
  • the arc voltage causes the current to commutate completely into the parallel path with the fuse, thereby extinguishing the arc.
  • the impedance of the parallel current path and that of the nominal current path must be matched to one another in order to enable the short-circuit current to be commutated.
  • the current through the fuse should not become too large during rated operation so that the fuse does not trip prematurely.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a short-circuit current limiter which, compared with the prior art, is suitable, with little technical outlay, for the current flow to commute from the nominal current path into the parallel current path in the event of a short circuit.
  • the short-circuit current limiter comprises an interrupter unit and a current limiting unit connected in parallel therewith.
  • the current limiting unit includes a fuse element.
  • the invention is characterized in that the current limiting unit also comprises a component with a non-linear conductivity, this component being connected in series with the fuse element.
  • the interrupter unit is located here in a nominal current path and the fuse element with the component connected in series in a parallel current path.
  • the short-circuit current limiter In rated operation, the short-circuit current limiter is embedded in a functioning electricity network. Both the fuse element and the interrupter unit have a low resistance in nominal operation, so that the current would be divided over both paths if no further measures are taken.
  • the additional component with the non-linear conductivity has a high resistance at low voltages, i.e. with a low resistance in the nominal current path, and prevents a significant proportion of the current from flowing through the limiting unit during nominal operation. If a fault or short-circuit current occurs, the contacts of the interrupter unit in the nominal current path are opened. As a result of the current rise and above all due to the arcing voltage occurring in the interrupter unit between the two contacts, the voltage occurring there exceeds the threshold voltage of the nonlinear component. This non-linear component becomes low-resistance above the threshold voltage and the current commutates into the parallel current path.
  • the component is a semiconductor component.
  • a diode, a thyristor, an IGBT (bipolar transistor with insulated gate electrode, English insulated-gate bipolar transistor), an IGCT (integrated gate-commutated thyristor) or a field-effect transistor is particularly suitable for this purpose.
  • a diode is particularly preferred because it can be produced inexpensively.
  • a diode is an electrical component that allows current to pass in one direction and blocks the flow of current in the other direction.
  • a thyristor is a switchable component, in particular a semiconductor component, which means that the thyristor is non-conductive in an initial state and is switched on by a small current at an electrode, a gate electrode. After switching on, the thyristor remains conductive until the next current zero crossing, even without gate current.
  • the current limiting unit has at least two anti-parallel components. This enables the described invention to be used in an AC voltage circuit. Depending on the prevailing current direction, one component is always switched in the blocking or through direction. It has been found that two antiparallel connected diodes are particularly advantageous since the voltage occurring across the closed nominal current path is below the forward voltage of a diode. However, all other possible components mentioned can also be used in the described anti-parallel circuit.
  • the short-circuit current limiter is designed in such a way that the short-circuit current I1 to be limited is between 10 kiloamperes and 80 kiloampere, in particular between 10 kiloampere and 50 kiloampere.
  • the corresponding components can also be designed with a relatively low threshold voltage.
  • the voltage drop U11 across the interrupter unit is less than the threshold voltage of the nonlinear component. Only when the threshold voltage of the component is exceeded does the current commutate into the parallel current path.
  • the threshold voltage of the component is preferably in a range from 0.1 volt and 1.5 volt, particularly preferably in a range between 0.2 volt and 0.8 volt. In this voltage range, inexpensive components are available, which can also be connected in series if necessary. Two antiparallel components can also be connected in series.
  • the contact resistance of the interrupter unit of the short-circuit current limiter is preferably between 5 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ , particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ and 60 ⁇ .
  • the short-circuit current limit is particularly preferably designed for use in a high-voltage or medium-voltage network.
  • a short-circuit current limiter according to the state of the art is shown.
  • this comprises a nominal current path 12 which can be interrupted by an interrupter unit 4.
  • the interrupter unit 4 is generally a one-time switch with a gas insulation section.
  • the current limiter 2 comprises a parallel current path 14, in which a current limiting unit 6 is arranged, which essentially comprises a fuse element 8.
  • the nominal current path 12 is opened, an arc being formed.
  • the arc voltage brings about a complete commutation of the current into the parallel current path 14 with the fuse element 8, the arc extinguishing and the fuse element starting to melt.
  • the fuse element only begins to limit the current when the nominal current path is safely isolated by the interrupter unit. It is necessary for the impedance of the parallel current path and that of the nominal current path to be matched accordingly so that commutation takes place from the nominal current path 12 into the parallel current path 14 in the event of a short circuit. Another challenge when choosing the fuse element and the resulting impedance is that in rated operation the current that flows through the fuse element 8 does not become too high, so that the fuse element is not destroyed during the nominal operation by melting.
  • a voltage U 11 drops due to a contact resistance R, which is, however, relatively low due to the low contact resistance R, which is preferably in the range between 5 ⁇ ⁇ and 200 y ⁇ , particularly preferably between 10 ⁇ ⁇ and 60 ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the voltage U 11 is between 0.1 volts and 1.5 volts, preferably between 0.2 volts and 0.8 volts. This low resistance and the resulting low voltage drop mean that a relatively high current flow can take place.
  • the current I 1 which flows along the nominal current path 12 during nominal operation, can be between 0.8 kA and 4 kA, preferably between 1 kA and 4 kA.
  • the resistance R 1 results from the sum of the contact resistance between two contacts, not shown here, and the resistance of the connection or the contact bolt of the interrupter unit 4, which is preferably designed in the form of a vacuum interrupter, and the resistance of the connection lines.
  • the diode 11 or the diode 13 blocks the parallel current path 14, so that no or only a very small current can commute from the nominal current path 12 into the parallel current path 14.
  • the fuse element 8 can thus be designed with a relatively low impedance, so that the current can commute into the parallel current path 14 in the event of a short circuit and when the threshold voltage U 15 is exceeded.
  • FIG 3 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the representation according to Figure 2, in which the impedance Z, the voltage U 11 and U 15 and the current flows I 1 and the current flow I 2 to be described is shown.
  • the current flow I 3 describes the mains current flow, which is divided into the currents I 1 and I 2 depending on the switching state of the short-circuit current limiter 2.
  • Figure 4 the occurrence of a fault or short-circuit current is shown, in which the interrupter unit 4 opens in a very short time, in particular less than 3 ms, as a result of which an arc arises between two contacts of the interrupter unit 4, not shown here.
  • This arcing also creates an arc voltage U 12 , which is higher than the threshold voltage U 15 of the component 10.
  • the nominal voltage U 11 rises so much due to the current rise and the arc that it becomes the voltage U 12 and the threshold voltage U 15 of the component 10 is exceeded , which leads to the fact that the diode 11 or the diode 13 becomes conductive depending on the current polarity of the alternating current and the current I 3 commutates into the parallel current path 14 in the form of the current I 2 . If the current in the main current path I 1 is close to zero, the arc extinguishes. As soon as the isolating section of the interrupter unit has reached its dielectric strength, the fuse element melts and limits the short-circuit current.
  • diodes 11 and 13 actively controlled components such as thyristors, spark gaps or triggered vacuum switches can also be used.
  • IGBTs or IGCTs as well as field effect transistors can also be used.
  • the advantage of diodes is that they are relatively cheap compared to the active components mentioned and even diodes 11, 13 with relatively low threshold voltages of 0.3 V to 4 V can be used. This is in turn due to the fact that the contact resistance R 1 , which drops via the contact in the interrupter unit 4, in particular in the vacuum interrupter, is also very low, which in turn enables the use of a diode with a low threshold voltage.
  • the impedances of the parallel circuit 14 must be designed as a compromise for the nominal condition and for the current commutation. Due to the arrangement described, which is based on the strong non-linearity based on the component characteristics, in particular the diode characteristics, an excessive current flow I 2 through the parallel current path 14 is prevented in nominal operation. The boundary condition of the maximum current during rated operation for the fuse element 8 is thus eliminated and the impedance of the fuse element can be designed as low as possible.
  • Typical threshold voltages U 15 of conventional diodes 11, 13 are of the same order of magnitude as the voltage drop in an interrupter unit 4, in particular in a vacuum interrupter at typical nominal currents in medium-voltage networks and high-voltage networks.
  • inexpensive, commercially available components 10, in particular diodes 11 and 13 can be used, which makes the arrangement described particularly inexpensive compared to the prior art.

Landscapes

  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
EP18197446.0A 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit Withdrawn EP3629352A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18197446.0A EP3629352A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit
PCT/EP2019/075363 WO2020064558A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2019-09-20 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18197446.0A EP3629352A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3629352A1 true EP3629352A1 (fr) 2020-04-01

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ID=63708205

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18197446.0A Withdrawn EP3629352A1 (fr) 2018-09-28 2018-09-28 Limiteur de courant de court-circuit

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3629352A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020064558A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022008118A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiteur de courant de court-circuit

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022233413A1 (fr) 2021-05-06 2022-11-10 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Dispositif de commutation à courant continu

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60119128A (ja) * 1983-12-01 1985-06-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd スイッチング装置
GB2193844A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-02-17 Imi Pactrol Switching electrical loads using a fused em relay
DE19601540A1 (de) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Schaltungsunterbrecher und Schaltungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung
EP2874257A1 (fr) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-20 LSIS Co., Ltd. Limiteur de courant de défaut

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60119128A (ja) * 1983-12-01 1985-06-26 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd スイッチング装置
GB2193844A (en) * 1986-08-08 1988-02-17 Imi Pactrol Switching electrical loads using a fused em relay
DE19601540A1 (de) * 1995-05-12 1996-11-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Schaltungsunterbrecher und Schaltungsunterbrechungsvorrichtung
EP2874257A1 (fr) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-20 LSIS Co., Ltd. Limiteur de courant de défaut

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022008118A1 (fr) * 2020-07-06 2022-01-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Limiteur de courant de court-circuit
US12437943B2 (en) 2020-07-06 2025-10-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Short-circuit current limiter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020064558A1 (fr) 2020-04-02

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