EP3636878A2 - Moteur à piston libre - Google Patents

Moteur à piston libre Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3636878A2
EP3636878A2 EP19198277.6A EP19198277A EP3636878A2 EP 3636878 A2 EP3636878 A2 EP 3636878A2 EP 19198277 A EP19198277 A EP 19198277A EP 3636878 A2 EP3636878 A2 EP 3636878A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
valve
piston rod
free
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19198277.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3636878A3 (fr
EP3636878B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Berthold
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of EP3636878A2 publication Critical patent/EP3636878A2/fr
Publication of EP3636878A3 publication Critical patent/EP3636878A3/fr
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Publication of EP3636878B1 publication Critical patent/EP3636878B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B71/00—Free-piston engines; Engines without rotary main shaft
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B11/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type
    • F01B11/004—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines without rotary main shaft, e.g. of free-piston type in which the movement in the two directions is obtained by two single acting piston motors, each acting in one direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a free-piston engine in a cylindrical, two-sided symmetrical design with a stationary base part and two identically designed engine halves, each with a combustion chamber and with a sliding body within the base part, having a piston rod and a vibrating body and compression chambers between the piston rod and the base part.
  • Such a free-piston engine is known as a free-flight piston engine under the name Stelzer engine and, for example, in the DE 30 29 287 A and shown and described on the website https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stelzer-Motor.
  • This engine has a step piston arranged in a motor housing with outer piston steps and an inner piston step.
  • the inner piston stage can be moved within a precompression chamber, from which the air / fuel mixture prepared and precompressed by a carburetor flows into the combustion chambers via channels.
  • the piston center pieces extending in the channels simultaneously function as a valve.
  • the inner piston stage constantly changes sides in the pre-compression chamber. As a result, the inlet opening is alternately assigned to the left and right expanding parts of the chamber.
  • the enclosed volume is reduced and the mixture is pre-compressed.
  • the region of the piston which closes the overflow opening is disengaged, the gas enters the combustion chamber and, at the outer end of the combustion chamber, flushes out residues of burned gas via the open outlet.
  • the piston closes both the overflow opening and at the other end of the combustion chamber with its working part the outlet opening. The working part moves further to the center in the combustion chamber and compresses the mixture until ignition and reversal of movement. Now does work during the renewed outward movement of the pistons. The next pre-compression takes place in the inner area.
  • the outlet opens first, and shortly afterwards the overflow opening.
  • This workflow takes place alternately on both sides.
  • the fact that the combustion chambers surround the piston rod tends to soot, which affects the service life of the engine.
  • the seal between the piston rod and the housing has also proven to be problematic. Due to the concept, the ignitable mixture is mixed with exhaust gases, which is disadvantageous for the life of the engine.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing a free-piston engine in such a way that it primarily provides energy and has the lowest possible internal resistance and that mixing of the ignitable mixture with the burned gases is prevented in any case.
  • each cup piston encloses one of the combustion chambers and forms a valve together with the respective piston rod end
  • each cup piston is mounted in a barrel sleeve belonging to the base part and on a cylinder of a cylinder plate which surrounds the combustion chamber and which, together with the barrel sleeve, encloses a damper chamber into which air is sucked in during operation of the engine
  • the piston rod end at each end Piston rod is at least one bore which forms an injection nozzle through which fuel, which mixes with air supplied in the region of the valve, reaches the respective combustion chamber in the region of bottom dead center and when the valve is open.
  • valve which is formed between each cup piston and the respective piston rod end, is actuated by the differential pressure which arises between the compressor chamber and the combustion chamber during operation of the free piston engine.
  • each cup piston takes place in that the piston rod has at each end a mushroom-shaped end region which forms a valve part of the valve and which is provided with an undercut which is undercut from the bottom of the cup piston.
  • a gap is preferably formed between a frustoconical recess in the bottom of the cup piston and the mushroom-shaped valve part, in which fuel can be injected into the gap via the at least one injection nozzle provided in the valve part.
  • the inflow of air from the compression chamber into the combustion chamber preferably takes place via overflow openings in the bottom of the cup piston, which are in connection with the gap when the valve is open and allow air to flow from the compression chamber to the combustion chamber.
  • each cylinder plate is provided with a number of inlet openings for air which can be closed on the inside by means of tongue valves and air from outside into the damper chamber formed between the barrel sleeve and the cylinder let flow.
  • a further advantageous measure consists in the fact that a plurality of labyrinth grooves is formed on the outer sides of the cylinders and the cup pistons, whereby the already mentioned sliding of the cup pistons on air or air cushions is supported.
  • the free-piston engine also has an intake chamber for air in each engine half, into which air is alternately flowed in and blown out during operation of the engine and which therefore also adjust its volume accordingly.
  • the base part between the two sleeves has a central middle part, which has in each engine half a block-like plate arranged perpendicular to the piston rod, which is connected to two concentrically arranged cylindrical sleeves of different diameters, which between them are a partial area of the suction chamber for Form air.
  • second partial areas of the suction chambers for air are preferably formed by the measure that the oscillating body has a magnetic part of a starter generator arranged centrally on the piston rod, which magnetic part leaves two spaces to the piston rod, each of which forms the second partial area of the suction chambers for air.
  • the overflow of air from the suction chambers into the compressor chambers advantageously takes place through a number of overflow openings formed in each block-like plate, which have outlet openings which can be closed by means of a valve disk of a pressure-operated valve.
  • This valve preferably and expediently has a valve sleeve which is located between the piston rod and the inner sleeve of the central part of the base part, the piston rod and the valve sleeve being slidable relative to one another in such a way that opening and closing of the valve is made possible.
  • the type of fuel supply within the engine to the combustion chambers is optimally adapted to the engine concept and takes place from the outside via a hole in the block-like plate, via a groove in the sleeve in an annular gap formed in the base part, a hole in the valve sleeve and in bores located on the piston rod for the bore, which acts as an injection nozzle, the bores forming a continuous fuel line only in the region of the bottom dead center position.
  • each cup piston and the respective barrel sleeve each have a multiplicity of exhaust bores which are aligned with one another only in the area of the bottom dead center position, the number of bores in the cup piston differing from that of the barrel sleeve by one ensure unhindered and optimal drainage.
  • the sleeves are concentrically surrounded by exhaust sleeves, which are also provided with exhaust bores.
  • suction chambers have a maximum volume which is greater than the maximum volume of the compressor chambers, which in turn is greater than the maximum volume of the combustion chambers.
  • This "step-like" increase in the sizes of the chambers results in a strongly increasing increase in compression, which is particularly advantageous for the energy efficiency of the engine.
  • An embodiment is particularly preferred in which the maximum volume of the intake chambers is 1.5-3 times the maximum volume of the compression chambers and the maximum volume of the compression chambers is 1.5-3 times the maximum volume of the combustion chambers.
  • the free-piston engine has a central longitudinal axis a, to which the majority of its components are designed to be rotationally symmetrical and arranged concentrically to one another, and stationary components and components which are movable relative to these, in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a.
  • the stationary components include a base part 1 elongated along the central longitudinal axis a, which together with two exhaust sleeves 2 Functions as a housing and is designed symmetrically with respect to a central plane E 1 running perpendicular to the central longitudinal axis a.
  • the base part 1 has a central middle part 4 and a cylinder plate 5 on each end.
  • One of the exhaust sleeves 2 runs between the central middle part 4 and each cylinder plate 5, a running sleeve 3 being arranged inside each exhaust sleeve 2, likewise between the central middle part 4 and each cylinder plate 5.
  • the running sleeves 3 have a smaller diameter than the exhaust sleeves 2 and are arranged concentrically with the respective exhaust sleeves 2.
  • a central center plane extending in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a, movable in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a, rotatable by itself, largely moving on air cushions during operation of the engine and with respect to a central central plane running parallel to plane E 1 E 2 symmetrically designed oscillating body 6, which consists of a centrally arranged magnetic part 7, a piston rod 8 equally protruding on both sides of the magnetic part 7 with valve parts 9 a located at its ends, and two cup pistons 19.
  • the magnetic part 7 is of H-shaped design in longitudinal section and therefore has two ring parts 7a which leave free spaces surrounding the piston rod 8, the function of which is still to be discussed.
  • a coil body 10 of a starter generator is received in a receptacle 4a of the central middle part 4 of the base part 1.
  • the magnet part 7 of the starter generator sits on the piston rod 8 and is firmly connected to it.
  • the receptacle 4a is adjoined on both sides by two sleeves which are arranged concentrically to one another and extend along the longitudinal axis a, an outer sleeve 4bi which is connected to the receptacle 4a and which is arranged concentrically to the latter and has a smaller diameter than the outer sleeve 4b 1 inner sleeve 4b 2 .
  • Each outer sleeve 4b 1 connects the receptacle 4a with a block-like plate 4c.
  • the inner sleeves 4b 2 are also connected to the block-like plates 4c, but have no connection to the receptacle 4a and end in the region of the receptacle 4a.
  • the outer diameter of the inner sleeves 4b 2 is matched to the inner diameter of the ring parts 7a of the magnetic part 7 such that the ring parts 7a can slide over the inner sleeves 4b 2 .
  • Fig. 1 shows the bottom dead center position in the left half of the free-piston engine, the top dead center position in the right half.
  • a suction chamber A is jointly formed between the outer and inner sleeves 4b 1 , 4b 2 in the left half and between the ring parts 7a of the magnetic part 7 and the piston rod 8.
  • the vibrating body 6 is moved to the right so far that the ring part 7a located in this half has moved over the sleeve 4b 2 .
  • valve 11 consisting of a valve sleeve 11a and a valve plate 11b ( Fig. 1c ).
  • the valve sleeve 11a passes through the plate 4c, so that the valve plate 11b is located on the side of the plate 4c facing away from the receptacle 4a.
  • Each inner sleeve 4b 2 is opposite the piston rod 8 with a shaft seal 12 ( Fig. 1c ) sealed so that the piston rod 8 remains slidable relative to the sleeve 4b 2 .
  • the piston rod 8 is also slidable relative to the valve 11 in the longitudinal direction of the axis a.
  • the valve 11 is also movable in the direction of the longitudinal axis a relative to the piston rod 8, but only to the extent that, as will be described later, is necessary for the valve plate 11b to be movable for opening and closing overflow bores 13 formed in the block-like plate 4c is.
  • the longitudinal mobility of the valve 11 is determined by stops 11c ( Fig.1c ) on the end region of the valve sleeve 11a facing away from the valve plate 11b.
  • the inner sleeve 4b 2 is provided on the inside with an annular gap 14 for the supply of fuel.
  • the fuel 27 is fed into the annular gap 14 from outside the base part 1 via a bore 15 in the plate 4c, furthermore via a groove 15b 1 , which is located between the sleeve 4b 2 and the sleeve 4b 3 .
  • the fuel is then introduced into the injection nozzle 8b via a bore 15b 2 in the valve sleeve 11a, a bore 15b 3 in the piston rod 8, and also through a central bore 8a running in the longitudinal direction to the bore 8a running in the respective piston tip. How in particular Fig.
  • the fuel supply is only possible in the bottom dead center position and with the valve 11 of the free-piston engine closed, in this position the supply 27 forms the Bore 5, the groove 15b 1 and the aforementioned bores 15b 2 15b 3 , 8a and 8b a continuous fuel line. Excess fuel is returned to a drain 27a via a groove 15c and a bore 15c 1 .
  • the valve sleeve 11a is therefore lubricated on both sides (outside and inside) by fuel.
  • the outer sleeve 4b 1 is provided with a large number, for example eight, of air inlet openings 16 ( Fig. 1b ) provided, which are arranged evenly distributed over the circumference of the sleeve 4b 1 and can be closed by means of inlet valves 17 on the inside of the outer sleeve 4b 1 .
  • the inlet valves 17 are preferably designed as tongue valves.
  • Fig. 2 also shows the air inlet openings 16 formed over the circumference of the outer sleeve 4b 1 and the inlet valves 17 closable by these openings.
  • the overflow openings 13 extend through each block-like plate 4c, starting from the side facing the receptacle 4a, as conical bores with inlet openings, the diameter of which is therefore larger than that of the outlet openings.
  • the central longitudinal axis a when viewed from the front, there are ( Fig. 2 ) the central axes 13a of the overflow bores 13 at the inlet openings on a circle with a radius which is larger than the radius of the circle on which the ends of the central axes 13a are located at the outlet openings.
  • each outlet opening is offset from its associated inlet opening, in the front view of the plate 4c, for all overflow bores 13 to the same extent in the circumferential direction. Air flowing through the overflow openings 13 is therefore twisted or swirled after exiting the outlet openings, in the exemplary embodiment shown in the circumferential direction.
  • Each cup piston 19 has a bottom 19a which, as is now shown in FIG Fig. 1 and 1a a valve 9 is formed together with the valve part 9a at the end of the piston rod 8.
  • Fig. 1b shows the valve part 9a is designed in the shape of a mushroom head, so that an annular undercut is formed on the valve part 9a, which undercut from the bottom 19a of the cup piston 19.
  • the bottom 19a of the cup piston 19 is also designed so thick that the mushroom-shaped valve part 9a the piston rod 8 completely accommodates, the bottom 19a, facing the tip of the valve part 9a, having a central, central opening which merges into a truncated cone-shaped recess which is designed to correspond to the likewise frustoconical end of the valve part 9a, so that in the in Fig. 1b shown position between the valve part 9a and the cup piston 19 there is a gap 20.
  • This position corresponds to the open position of the valve 9 formed between the cup piston 19 and the end of the piston rod 8.
  • Fig. 1 shows the closed position of this valve 9 in the right half of the motor.
  • overflow openings 20a formed in the cup bottom 19a open, which are funnel-shaped and are designed analogously to the overflow openings 13a in the plate 4c.
  • a sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 extends from the bottom 19a of each cup piston 19 in the direction of the central longitudinal axis a and in the direction of the cylinder plates 5 already mentioned.
  • the outside diameter of the cup-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 is matched to the inside diameter of the running sleeve 3 in such a way that that the cup piston 13 is slidable relative to the barrel 3.
  • a multiplicity of labyrinth grooves 18 are formed on the outside of the sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19.
  • Further exhaust bores 21 are located in the running sleeves 3 and in the exhaust sleeves 2. At the bottom dead center, the bores 21 in the running sleeve 3 can align with those in the cup piston 19, the number of bores in the cup piston 19 and the running sleeve 3 being different from one another rotating cup piston 19 to ensure even discharge of the exhaust gases.
  • Each cup piston 19 is also slidable relative to a cylinder 22 of its associated cylinder plate 5, the cylinders 22 also being provided with a plurality of labyrinth grooves 18 on their outer sides.
  • Each cylinder plate 5 and its cylinder 22 are penetrated along the central longitudinal axis a by a receiving bore in which a spark plug 23 is positioned in an exchangeable manner.
  • Between the sleeve 3 and the cylinder 22 is in the Fig. 1 in the position of the free-piston engine shown in the left half there is a cavity which forms a damper chamber D.
  • the Damper chamber D is connected to outlet openings of inlet bores 24, which are formed and designed in the cylinder plate 5 in an analogous manner to the overflow bores 13 in the plate 4c.
  • Fig. 5 shows a view from the outside of one of the cylinder plates 5, the inlet bores 24 including their inlet openings and outlet openings being visible, the latter using tongue valves 25 ( Fig. 1 ) are lockable.
  • Fig. 1 shows, is in the bottom dead center position (left half of the Fig. 1 ) between the outer sleeve 4b 1 and the inner sleeve 4b 2 of the receptacle 4 and between the ring part 7a of the magnetic part 7 and the piston rod 8 together the suction chamber A, the sleeve-shaped part 19b of the cup piston 19 encloses a combustion chamber C, which in the lower Dead center has its largest volume, in the top dead center (right half of the Fig. 1 ), has its smallest volume.
  • each cylinder plate 5 and the running sleeve 3 is, after the cup piston 19, the already mentioned damper chamber D, which is in the bottom dead center position (left half of the Fig.
  • a compression chamber B is formed, which is in the bottom dead center position (left half of the Fig. 1 ) their smallest and in the top dead center position (right half of the Fig. 1 ) has its largest volume.
  • Fig. 1a shows a longitudinal section through the free-piston engine in a central position, the oscillating body 6 consisting of the magnetic part 7, piston rod 8 and cup piston 19 moving to the right (see arrow) in this figure.
  • air has already been drawn into the intake chamber A via the inlet valves 17.
  • Fig. 1a Left half of the free-piston engine with open intake valves 17 air flows into the intake chamber A.
  • the valves 25 in the cylinder plate 5 are opened by the piston rod 8 moving to the right (back) and into the Damper chamber D Air sucked in.
  • the pressure outweighs that in the combustion chamber C after the combustion, so that the cup piston 19 lifts off from the valve part 9a, the overflow bores 13 in the plate 4c are closed.
  • the air in the intake chamber A On the right half of the free-piston engine, the air in the intake chamber A has opened the valve 11 (overflow valve) and air enters the compression chamber B located here.
  • the vibrating body 6 presses the cup piston 19 to the right via the valve part 9a, which are the overflow openings 20a in the cup piston 19 closed and pressure builds up in the combustion chamber C.
  • the Valves 25 in the cylinder plate 5 are also closed by the increasing pressure, the movement of the oscillating body 6 is damped and the sealing of the cup piston 19 is supported.
  • the oscillating body 6 continues to move to the right, the air / fuel mixture being further compressed until combustion finally takes place in the area of top dead center. Now the vibrating body moves to the left and the valve 11 closes.
  • the inclined, funnel-shaped overflow openings 13 and 20a ensure on the one hand rotation and compression of the air flowing through and on the other hand ensure that the rotation of the compressed air accelerates.
  • the movements of the vibrating body 6 are accomplished in the starting process by the starter generator and in the operation of the engine by the alternate auto-ignition and combustion in the combustion chambers C of the two engine halves.
  • the system switches to generator operation, whereby, as mentioned, spark ignition is only provided at start-up and possibly at slow speed (idle), since the free-piston engine runs as a self-igniter with a higher number of vibrations due to the high inertial forces.
  • the chambers A, B and C have different maximum volumes and are all ring-shaped due to the design of the vibrating body 6. Due to the different volumes in the chambers A, B and C, an increasing, increasing compression of air is achieved.
  • the suction chamber A has a larger maximum volume than the compression chamber B and this has a larger maximum volume than the combustion chamber C.
  • the maximum volume of the suction chamber A is in particular 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the compression chamber B.
  • the maximum volume of the compression chamber B 1.5 to 3 times the maximum volume of the combustion chamber C.
  • the ratio of the maximum volumes A: B: C is approximately 200: 100: 35.
  • the funnel-shaped overflow bores 13 in the plates 4c with the special configuration described result in a high rotational speed of the air, as a result of which the cup pistons 19 are centered and without contact with the barrel sleeve 3 this slide and rotate.
  • the cup pistons 19 each slide into one of the damper chambers D, which support the sealing of the combustion process, but also brake the high speed of the cup piston 19 of approximately 30 m / s.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
EP19198277.6A 2018-10-08 2019-09-19 Moteur à piston libre Active EP3636878B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT508652018A AT521166B1 (de) 2018-10-08 2018-10-08 Freikolbenmotor

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3636878A2 true EP3636878A2 (fr) 2020-04-15
EP3636878A3 EP3636878A3 (fr) 2020-06-17
EP3636878B1 EP3636878B1 (fr) 2021-04-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19198277.6A Active EP3636878B1 (fr) 2018-10-08 2019-09-19 Moteur à piston libre

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EP (1) EP3636878B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT521166B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2875826T3 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113417739A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-09-21 北京理工大学 自由活塞内燃发电机的振动控制及能量回收装置及方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3029287A1 (de) 1980-08-01 1982-03-04 Frank Stelzer Zweitakt-brennkraftmaschine

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR742080A (fr) * 1933-02-24
FR628550A (fr) * 1926-04-08 1927-10-25 Moyens de stabilisation et réglage pour appareils moteurs-compresseurs à combustion et compression internes dont les pistons sont à action directe
US3081756A (en) * 1959-04-30 1963-03-19 Univ Kingston Free piston engine
DE1910256A1 (de) * 1969-02-28 1970-09-17 Anton Braun Freikolbenmotor
US6105541A (en) * 1999-02-22 2000-08-22 Caterpillar, Inc. Free piston internal combustion engine with rotating piston
US6971339B2 (en) * 2004-05-06 2005-12-06 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Electromagnetic servo valve strategy for controlling a free piston engine
US9657675B1 (en) * 2016-03-31 2017-05-23 Etagen Inc. Control of piston trajectory in a free-piston combustion engine

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3029287A1 (de) 1980-08-01 1982-03-04 Frank Stelzer Zweitakt-brennkraftmaschine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113417739A (zh) * 2021-07-16 2021-09-21 北京理工大学 自由活塞内燃发电机的振动控制及能量回收装置及方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3636878A3 (fr) 2020-06-17
AT521166B1 (de) 2019-11-15
AT521166A4 (de) 2019-11-15
EP3636878B1 (fr) 2021-04-14
ES2875826T3 (es) 2021-11-11

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