EP3662247A1 - Verfahren zur dampfdruckmessung von flüssigen und festen stoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur dampfdruckmessung von flüssigen und festen stoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP3662247A1 EP3662247A1 EP18753042.3A EP18753042A EP3662247A1 EP 3662247 A1 EP3662247 A1 EP 3662247A1 EP 18753042 A EP18753042 A EP 18753042A EP 3662247 A1 EP3662247 A1 EP 3662247A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measuring cell
- sample
- pressure
- input line
- measurement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 59
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011346 highly viscous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/14—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
- G01N2001/2229—Headspace sampling, i.e. vapour over liquid
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
- G01N1/2226—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space
- G01N2001/2241—Sampling from a closed space, e.g. food package, head space purpose-built sampling enclosure for emissions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N7/00—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour
- G01N7/14—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference
- G01N7/16—Analysing materials by measuring the pressure or volume of a gas or vapour by allowing the material to emit a gas or vapour, e.g. water vapour, and measuring a pressure or volume difference by heating the material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring the vapor pressure of liquid and solid materials, in which a sample of the substance is placed in a sample container, the
- Sample container is connected to a measuring cell for determining the vapor pressure via an input line and by the gaseous portion of the sample on the
- Input line provided pressure is measured in the measuring cell.
- the invention further relates to a device for
- Carrying out a method according to the invention comprising a measuring cell comprising a pressure sensor for determining the vapor pressure, a sample container which can be filled with the sample of the substance to be measured, and a connecting the measuring cell and the sample container
- Vapor pressure of liquids and solids are:
- Gravimetric method usually performed as effusion method with a Knudsen cell (NFT 20-047) and especially suitable for very low vapor pressures.
- Gas saturation method indirect determination of the amount of sample substance removed by a
- Rotation method indirect determination of the friction of a rotating body in the gas volume of the
- NFT 20-048 direct measurement of vapor pressure in a vacuum tight chamber (e.g., ASTM D6377, ASTM D6378).
- Vapor pressure measurement using isoteniscope is a
- Liquids are time consuming and can the
- a method is to be provided which allows a fast and reliable vapor pressure measurement of solid and highly viscous substances.
- the invention provides in a method of the type mentioned that the entire liquid and / or solid portion of the sample during the
- Measurement in the sample container remains and only gaseous portions of the sample in the input line
- the disadvantages of the known methods which are associated with the introduction of the liquid sample portions into the measuring cell, do not occur.
- it can also be used to measure the vapor pressure of solid substances. Especially with highly viscous liquids, the measurement is considerably simplified and the speed of the measurement is increased because the lengthy transport of the liquid into the measuring cell and then out of the measuring cell can be omitted.
- Measuring cell arrives.
- the steam is brought into the measuring cell and directly into the measuring cell
- the gaseous portion of the sample does not reach the measuring cell, so that a physical separation between the measuring cell and the sample is achieved.
- This separation has the advantage that no portions of the sample material in the area after the
- Transmission element can get and thereby
- the gaseous portion of the sample on a membrane, a Intermediate piston or a fluid arranged in the measuring cell exerts pressure which is transmitted to the measuring cell.
- this is preferably designed so that it absorbs as little force at high deflections, so it is designed as a soft membrane. This provides the advantage that the accuracy of the
- Pressure determination is high.
- the influence of the membrane on the pressure transfer can be determined before the measurement of the vapor pressure of the sample. This results in the possibility of correcting the measured pressure values and, above all, in the case of small vapor pressures, a higher accuracy.
- the advantages are that only a smaller volume of gas is needed and there is a weight independent of the current gas pressure.
- the weight of the piston should be as small as possible. For accurate measurements of small pressures, it is advantageous to correct the measured pressure values accordingly. The weight of the piston should therefore be determined before the actual vapor pressure measurement by an upstream calibration measurement.
- an incompressible medium in particular a liquid for pressure transmission
- the liquid particularly preferably has a viscosity of ⁇ 10 mPa s in the temperature range in which the vapor pressure is to be determined.
- the vapor pressure of the incompressible medium is preferably smaller than that
- Vapor pressure of the sample more preferably less than 0.1 kPa in the relevant temperature range. 000066
- Movement of the membrane or the intermediate piston necessary gas volume is relatively large. Assuming that depending on the actual vapor pressure of the sample the
- Gas volume for the impureben- or membrane movement must be at least as large as the volume change by the piston in the measuring cell, there is a maximum
- a fluid for pressure transmission with a membrane or an intermediate piston is combined.
- a pressure is exerted on the membrane or the intermediate piston by the gaseous portions of the sample and transferred to the fluid, which in the measuring cell and in a
- Section of the input line is arranged.
- the pressure transferred by the fluid is then determined in the measuring cell.
- the properties of the measuring device for example, the pressure change through the membrane, the weight of the piston and / or the fluid, etc.
- the sample is tempered in the sample container, in particular heated. This is
- Vapor pressure as a function of temperature to be determined as a function of temperature to be determined.
- the measuring cell is emptied via an output line after the measurement.
- the measuring cell can be emptied via the input line.
- Output line tempered, in particular heated.
- the input line is particularly preferred starting from the
- Sample container heated to the transfer element to avoid condensation effects. A condensation of the gaseous portions of the sample would falsify the measurement result.
- the tempering can be done using a
- Thermostats which in particular comprises a water or oil bath, are performed.
- the measuring cell and / or the input line and / or the output line have the same or a higher temperature than the sample.
- the measuring cell is filled prior to the measurement by means of a displaceably guided piston bounding the gas volume of the measuring cell and preferably emptied with the aid of the piston after the measurement.
- the piston increases the measuring space of the measuring cell, so that a negative pressure is created and the respective fluid is led out of the inlet line into the measuring chamber.
- the piston is guided in the other direction, reduces the measuring space and thereby pushes the fluid out of the measuring space.
- both the filling and the emptying can be carried out with the aid of the piston, wherein the piston limits the filled area within the measuring cell.
- the pressure in the measuring cell is measured by means of a pressure sensor integrated in the piston.
- the input valve is a three-way valve
- sample-side volume of a membrane or an intermediate piston can either be completed vacuum-tight as needed, be connected to the surrounding air pressure or the sample volume.
- vacuum sealable and the input line is connected to the upper end of the sample container, so that only gaseous portions of the sample in the
- the input line preferably has one
- the sample container may preferably be a gas-permeable layer in the region of the mouth of the input line or in the
- the input line comprises a pressure-transmitting element which is designed to introduce the pressure exerted by the gaseous portion of the sample into the measuring cell.
- the gaseous portion of the sample enters a first section of the input line and exerts a pressure thereon
- Transmission element which passes on this pressure to a arranged in a second portion of the input line fluid and then the measuring cell.
- the pressure-transmitting element a membrane, an intermediate piston or in the
- Measuring cell and possibly arranged in the input line fluid comprises. Combinations may also be provided, for example a diaphragm or an intermediate piston and a fluid. Furthermore, it is preferably provided that the sample container comprises a thermostat in order to temper the sample, in particular to heat it. For temperature control, for example, a water or oil bath is suitable.
- the measuring cell has an outlet line, which preferably comprises an outlet valve.
- the output line is preferably connected to a container for the sample removed from the measuring cell. In an alternative embodiment, there is no output line
- the measuring cell can over the
- Input line preferably a branch valve, which connects the input line optionally with a container for the removed from the measuring cell sample.
- the measuring cell and / or the input line and / or the output line have a thermostat. As a result, an undesirable condensation within the lines or within the measuring cell can be effectively avoided.
- Measuring cell has a measuring chamber of the measuring cell delimiting, slidably guided piston to fill the measuring cell before the measurement and preferably to empty after the measurement.
- the pressure sensor is integrated in the piston.
- the input line has a second valve which is designed to introduce a fluid acting as a pressure transmission element in the input line.
- the reservoir is positioned higher than all other components and there are no loops or arcs in the connection lines. Furthermore, a vent valve may be provided at the highest point. A bubble-free filling is also on the output line and a corresponding
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment
- Embodiment of the invention and Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a third embodiment of the invention.
- a first embodiment of the invention is shown, wherein with 1 a measuring cell for
- Vapor pressure determination is designated and with 2 a
- the sample container 2 is connected via an input line 4, which has an input valve 5, with the measuring cell 1, in particular with their
- the sample container 2 further has an oil or water bath 6 to the sample 3 to
- the measuring cell 1 has a measuring chamber 7 and a piston 8, the is arranged translationally movable and limits the measuring space 7.
- the measuring chamber 7 is connected via an outlet line 9 with a container 10 for receiving the sample amount after completion of the measurement, wherein the output line 9 has an output valve 11.
- the input line 4 further has an insulation or a tempering 12.
- a sample 3 is placed in the sample container 2 and this with the
- Input valve 5 and raising the piston 8 creates a negative pressure in the measuring chamber 7 and gaseous portions of the sample 3 get into the input line and into the measuring chamber. 7
- a second embodiment of the invention is shown.
- the gaseous portions of the sample 3 are not transported into the measuring space 7 of the measuring cell 1, but the gaseous portions pass via a first section of the inlet line 4 and the inlet valve 5 to a pressure transmission element 13 which has a membrane 14 having.
- the membrane 14 is not gas-permeable, so that the pressure of the gaseous portions of the sample 3 on the
- Membrane 14 causes a deformation of the membrane 14, whereby is applied to the located in the subsequent section of the input line 4 fluid pressure in the
- Measuring cell 1 can be detected.
- Fig. 3 a third embodiment of the invention is shown, which differs from the embodiment of FIG. 2 in that the transmission element 13 instead of a diaphragm 14 has an intermediate piston 15. By the pressure of the gaseous portions of the sample 3, the intermediate piston 15 is moved, so that pressure is exerted on the fluid arranged in the inlet line 4, which is thereby transferred into the measuring cell 1.
- the fluid arranged in the inlet line 4 can be, for example, air or another, in particular incompressible, fluid.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ATA317/2017A AT520239B1 (de) | 2017-08-01 | 2017-08-01 | Verfahren zur Dampfdruckmessung von flüssigen und festen Stoffen |
| PCT/AT2018/000066 WO2019023722A1 (de) | 2017-08-01 | 2018-07-26 | Verfahren zur dampfdruckmessung von flüssigen und festen stoffen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3662247A1 true EP3662247A1 (de) | 2020-06-10 |
Family
ID=63168215
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18753042.3A Withdrawn EP3662247A1 (de) | 2017-08-01 | 2018-07-26 | Verfahren zur dampfdruckmessung von flüssigen und festen stoffen |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3662247A1 (de) |
| AT (1) | AT520239B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2019023722A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2722826A (en) * | 1953-03-30 | 1955-11-08 | Shell Dev | Continuous vapor pressure recorder |
| US3191428A (en) * | 1961-01-24 | 1965-06-29 | Sinclair Research Inc | Vapor pressure measuring apparatus |
| US3499317A (en) * | 1967-09-27 | 1970-03-10 | Standard Oil Co | Apparatus for measuring vapor pressure |
| JPH0666704A (ja) * | 1992-08-18 | 1994-03-11 | Komatsu Miyagi Kk | オイル中水分分析方法及び装置 |
| CN204165857U (zh) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-02-18 | 成都创源油气技术开发有限公司 | 基于对页岩气吸附气含量进行分析的系统 |
| CN105510176B (zh) * | 2016-01-08 | 2018-03-20 | 河南理工大学 | 一种煤样瓦斯负压解吸实验系统 |
| CN105910955B (zh) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-09-14 | 华南理工大学 | 一种预测助焊剂飞溅特性的装置和方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-08-01 AT ATA317/2017A patent/AT520239B1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2018
- 2018-07-26 WO PCT/AT2018/000066 patent/WO2019023722A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2018-07-26 EP EP18753042.3A patent/EP3662247A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| TOBALY P: "AN APPARATUS FOR VAPOR PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS OF ORGANIC SOLIDS USING A COMPUTER CONTROLLED NULL-DETECTOR", REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS, AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747, vol. 62, no. 8, 1 August 1991 (1991-08-01), pages 2011 - 2015, XP000260783, ISSN: 0034-6748, DOI: 10.1063/1.1142355 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AT520239B1 (de) | 2019-04-15 |
| AT520239A1 (de) | 2019-02-15 |
| WO2019023722A1 (de) | 2019-02-07 |
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