EP3670857B1 - Mélange efficace de gaz dans un système post-traitement d'échappement - Google Patents

Mélange efficace de gaz dans un système post-traitement d'échappement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3670857B1
EP3670857B1 EP18214589.6A EP18214589A EP3670857B1 EP 3670857 B1 EP3670857 B1 EP 3670857B1 EP 18214589 A EP18214589 A EP 18214589A EP 3670857 B1 EP3670857 B1 EP 3670857B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
exhaust
inlet
bulkhead
scr
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EP18214589.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3670857A1 (fr
Inventor
Samrendra Singh
Panos Tamamidis
Lode A. Demonie
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CNH Industrial Belgium NV
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CNH Industrial Belgium NV
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2892—Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/20—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a flow director or deflector
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/18—Structure or shape of exhaust gas passages, pipes or tubes the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to exhaust systems for internal combustion engines, and more particularly to a system for decomposing reductant and mixing together reductant and exhaust gas in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst device of an exhaust aftertreatment system.
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • Exhaust aftertreatment systems receive and treat exhaust gas generated from an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine.
  • Typical exhaust aftertreatment systems include any of various devices configured to reduce the level of harmful exhaust emissions present in the exhaust gas.
  • Some exhaust aftertreatment systems for diesel powered internal combustion engines include various devices, such as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), particulate matter filter or diesel particulate filter (DPF), and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst device.
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • DPF diesel particulate matter filter
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • exhaust gas first passes through the diesel oxidation catalyst, then passes through the diesel particulate filter, and subsequently passes through the SCR catalyst.
  • Each of the DOC, DPF, and SCR catalyst devices is configured to perform a particular exhaust emissions treatment operation on the exhaust gas passing through the devices.
  • the DOC reduces the amount of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons present in the exhaust gas via oxidation techniques.
  • the DPF filters harmful diesel particulate matter and soot present in the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR catalyst device reduces the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in the exhaust gas.
  • the SCR catalyst device is configured to reduce NOx into less harmful emissions, such as N2 and H2O, in the presence of ammonia (NH3). Because ammonia is not a natural byproduct of the combustion process, it must be artificially introduced into the exhaust gas prior to the exhaust gas entering the SCR catalyst device. Typically, ammonia is not directly injected into the exhaust gas due to safety considerations associated with the storage of liquid ammonia. Accordingly, conventional systems are designed to inject a urea-water solution, or diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) into the exhaust gas, which is capable of decomposing into ammonia in the presence of the exhaust gas. SCR systems typically include a urea source and a urea injector or doser coupled to the source and positioned upstream of the SCR catalyst device.
  • a urea source and a urea injector or doser coupled to the source and positioned upstream of the SCR catalyst device.
  • the decomposition of the urea-water solution into gaseous ammonia occupies three stages.
  • the ammonia is then introduced at or near the inlet face of the SCR catalyst device, flows through the catalyst, and is consumed in the NOx reduction process. Any unconsumed ammonia exiting the SCR system can be reduced to N 2 and other less harmful or less noxious components using an ammonia oxidation catalyst.
  • the injected urea To sufficiently decompose into ammonia, the injected urea must be given adequate time to complete the three stages. The time given to complete the three stages and decompose urea into ammonia before entering the SCR catalyst device is conventionally termed residence time.
  • Some prior art exhaust aftertreatment systems utilize a long tube of a fixed linear decomposition length that extends between the urea injector and SCR catalyst device inlet face. The fixed linear decomposition length of prior art systems must be quite long in order to provide the necessary residence time. Long tubing for urea decomposition often takes up valuable space that could be occupied by other vehicle components and influences the design of the exhaust aftertreatment system. However, shorter decomposition tubes associated with some prior art end-in, end-out and end-in, side-out SCR systems may not provide a sufficiently long residence time to properly evaporate the injected urea.
  • exhaust aftertreatment systems with end-to-end or end-to-side SCR systems fail to adequately distribute exhaust gas across the inlet face of the SCR catalyst device.
  • An uneven distribution of exhaust gas at the SCR catalyst device inlet can result in excessive ammonia slip and less than optimal NOx conversion efficiency.
  • a low exhaust flow distribution index at the SCR catalyst device inlet results in a lower amount of SCR catalyst surface area in contact with the exhaust gases. The lesser the catalyst surface area in contact with the exhaust gases, the lower the NOx reduction efficiency of the SCR catalyst device.
  • Patent publication document DE102012008556 is related to a device comprising an injector which is arranged in an exhaust gas line for supplying a reducing agent in an exhaust gas mass flow, where a cylindrical exhaust gas line segment has a tangential inlet.
  • a mixer is arranged downstream the tangential inlet for reversing the rotational direction of the exhaust gas mass flow.
  • Patent publication document US2014/0318112 is related to an exhaust treatment system for an internal combustion engine, with a fluid injection system and a swirl can plenum mixer for mixing injected fluid with exhaust gas exhausted from the engine.
  • the mixer comprises a canister having an inner plenum.
  • a bulkhead separates the inner plenum into an exhaust gas collector and a diffuser chamber.
  • a flow port opens through the bulkhead to a tangential flow director on the downstream side of the bulkhead to collect the exhaust gas.
  • a tangential flow director nozzle is configured to dispense the exhaust gas and fluid into the downstream plenum in a tangential flow trajectory, wherein mixing and vaporization of the exhaust gas and fluid mixture with the exhaust gas is accomplished.
  • Patent publication document EP2607641 is related to a mixing device having an inner tube having openings, through which the exhaust gas stream of an annular chamber flows into the interior of inner tube.
  • An injection unit injects the reducing agent in the interior of inner tube.
  • the present invention seeks to provide apparatus more completely and uniformly mixing exhaust gas components in an exhaust aftertreatment system.
  • the invention is related to an exhaust aftertreatment system in accordance with the appended claims.
  • an exhaust aftertreatment system 110 for an agricultural vehicle such as a combine harvester shown schematically as dashed line 111.
  • the aftertreatment system 110 generally includes exhaust pipe sections 112A, 112B, 112C, a first exhaust aftertreatment device 114 coupled to the exhaust pipe section 112 at a connection point 118, and a second exhaust aftertreatment device 120.
  • the agricultural vehicle 111 will include additional internal systems for the separation and handling of collected crop material, but these additional systems are omitted from view for brevity of description. It should be appreciated that the aftertreatment system 110 described and illustrated herein does not necessarily need to be included on combine harvesters, but can be incorporated in other industrial vehicles or agricultural vehicles such as windrowers, tractors, etc.
  • the exhaust pipe 112A may link the exhaust of an engine, shown schematically as 116, to the first aftertreatment device 114, or the exhaust pipe 112 may link multiple aftertreatment devices 114 together.
  • the exhaust pipe section 112B may have an insulation 122 surrounding it.
  • the insulation 122 may extend along a portion or up to the entire length of the exhaust pipe section 112B. As shown, the insulation 122 spans the length of the exhaust pipe 112B and extends approximately up to the connection point 118.
  • the insulation 122 may be in the form of any known insulation that desirably insulates the exhaust pipe section 112B.
  • the aftertreatment device 114 may be coupled to the exhaust pipe 112A in order to reduce nitrous oxides (NOx) and/or diesel particulate matter (DPM).
  • the aftertreatment device 114 may be in the form of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) device, a diesel particulate filter (DPF), a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, or a catalytic converter such as a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC).
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • DPF diesel particulate filter
  • SCR selective catalytic reduction
  • DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
  • the aftertreatment device 114 includes at its outlet section a DEF injection device 124 for injecting diesel exhaust fluid into the exhaust for mixing and reaction with the exhaust stream flowing through exhaust pipe 112B.
  • the resulting gas enters the second exhaust aftertreatment device 120 through the inlet end wall 128 of an outer housing 126 which leads to an outlet end wall 130 connecting with exhaust pipe 112C through connector 118.
  • Exhaust aftertreatment device 120 is an SCR device and it includes a forward SCR catalyst 132 and an aft SCR catalyst 134 oriented in tandem and configured so that parallel exhaust flows pass separately through each of the SCR catalysts 132 and 134. It is important to obtain uniform and complete mixing of DEF with the exhaust gases so that it may allow the systems to properly reduce the oxides of nitrogen. In the event of inadequate mixing or mal-distribution between catalysts 132 and 134, the amount of DEF consumed is increased thereby taking away from the efficiency of the aftertreatment system 110.
  • an inlet 136 is provided for the aftertreatment device 120 to provide efficient and effective mixing in accordance with an aspect of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of the inlet 136 with adjacent and interacting components in dashed lines.
  • Inlet 136 may include a tubular upstream inlet 138 having a central axis B offset from the central axis A of housing 126.
  • Housing 126 may have a circular or oval cross section configuration.
  • Tube 138 extends to a bulkhead 140 separating the interior of housing 126 into a section 139 adjacent the inlet 136 and a section 141 containing SCR catalyst 132 and 134.
  • Bulkhead 140 is perforated by a series of circular openings 142 providing a multiplicity of flows to the SCR catalysts 132 and 134.
  • the relative porosity of the bulkhead 140 may be selected for particular operating conditions and may be up to approximately 45 % of the surface area of the bulkhead 140.
  • the openings are circular, as shown, providing a plurality of flow paths from section 139 to section 141.
  • Tube 138 terminates in an end wall 144, shown as integral with bulkhead 140.
  • a curved scroll section 146 begins at the circumference of tube 138 and extends outward to a point at or adjacent the circumference 143 of the bulkhead 140.
  • the scroll section 146 imparts a tangential direction to a single stream through downstream outlet 148.
  • the scroll section 146 is shown as integral with the tube 138, it may be provided as a separate element.
  • the scroll section may be any one of a number of forms that direct exhaust flow to a tangential direction from the upstream end of tube 138.
  • the tangentially directed exhaust flow through inlet 136 creates a vortex inside the housing 126 resulting in strong shear driven mixing of DEF with the exhaust gas.
  • the DEF is well mixed with the exhaust gas and results less wastage or slippage of the DEF.
  • a benefit resulting from this flow is a uniform distribution and split between the separate exhaust flows directed toward the catalysts 132 and 134.
  • One advantage of the present invention is a more efficient mixing of exhaust gases at the inlet of an SCR device. Another advantage is that the inlet is simplified, compact and has fixed geometry.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Claims (3)

  1. Système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement comprenant un dispositif de réduction catalytique sélective (SCR) (120) ayant une forme de section transversale généralement cylindrique ou ovale avec un axe longitudinal central (A), et une entrée (136),
    installé à l'intérieur d'une première section (139) du dispositif SCR (120), la première section s'étendant entre une paroi d'extrémité d'entrée (128) du dispositif SCR et une cloison perforée (140) du dispositif SCR, la cloison formant une séparation entre la première section (139) et une seconde section (141) du dispositif SCR, caractérisé en ce que :
    - la seconde section (141) comprend une pluralité de catalyseurs (132, 134),
    - la cloison (140) est perforée par une série d'ouvertures généralement circulaires (142) offrant une multiplicité de flux à la pluralité de catalyseurs (123, 134),
    - ladite entrée (136) est radialement déportée par rapport audit axe central (A) et comprend un tube (138) monté à l'intérieur de la première section (139) du dispositif SCR, ledit tube (138) comprenant une entrée amont dirigée axialement, configurée pour être couplée à un tuyau d'échappement (112B), et une sortie aval (148) configurée pour diriger les gaz d'échappement dans une direction tangentielle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal central A dudit dispositif SCR (120),
    - ledit tube (138) termine par une paroi d'extrémité (144) qui fait partie intégrante de la cloison (140),
    - l'entrée (136) comprend en outre une section en volute courbée (146) adjacente à ladite sortie aval (148), s'étendant de la circonférence dudit tube (138) pour donner une direction tangentielle aux gaz d'échappement.
  2. Système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la zone totale desdites ouvertures généralement circulaires (142) est d'environ 45 % de la zone de section transversale circonférentielle de la cloison (140).
  3. Système de post-traitement de gaz d'échappement selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel chaque catalyseur (132, 134) a un chemin d'écoulement séparé de ladite entrée (136).
EP18214589.6A 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Mélange efficace de gaz dans un système post-traitement d'échappement Active EP3670857B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18214589.6A EP3670857B1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Mélange efficace de gaz dans un système post-traitement d'échappement

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18214589.6A EP3670857B1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Mélange efficace de gaz dans un système post-traitement d'échappement

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EP3670857A1 EP3670857A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
EP3670857B1 true EP3670857B1 (fr) 2022-08-31

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Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN121593877A (zh) * 2026-01-30 2026-03-03 湘潭大学 一种集成式氢氨发动机尾气氮素污染物热催化转化装置

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2607641A1 (fr) * 2011-12-19 2013-06-26 Mtu Friedrichshafen Gmbh Dispositif de mélange pour l'introduction d'un agent de réduction dans un flux de gaz d'échappement avec des éléments en forme d'aube
DE102012008556B4 (de) * 2012-04-27 2016-06-30 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Abgasnachbehandlung
US9238991B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2016-01-19 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Internal combustion engine and exhaust aftertreatment system

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EP3670857A1 (fr) 2020-06-24

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