EP3698079B1 - Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender tank mit mehreren bereichen - Google Patents

Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender tank mit mehreren bereichen

Info

Publication number
EP3698079B1
EP3698079B1 EP18797016.5A EP18797016A EP3698079B1 EP 3698079 B1 EP3698079 B1 EP 3698079B1 EP 18797016 A EP18797016 A EP 18797016A EP 3698079 B1 EP3698079 B1 EP 3698079B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating
module
tank
zone
panel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18797016.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3698079A1 (de
EP3698079C0 (de
Inventor
Mohamed Sassi
Gery Canler
Cédric Morel
Sébastien DELANOE
Bruno Deletre
Raphaël PRUNIER
Nicolas SARTRE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Original Assignee
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaztransport et Technigaz SA filed Critical Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
Priority claimed from PCT/FR2018/052561 external-priority patent/WO2019077253A1/fr
Publication of EP3698079A1 publication Critical patent/EP3698079A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3698079C0 publication Critical patent/EP3698079C0/de
Publication of EP3698079B1 publication Critical patent/EP3698079B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/025—Bulk storage in barges or on ships
    • F17C3/027—Wallpanels for so-called membrane tanks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0358—Thermal insulations by solid means in form of panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/011—Improving strength
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels

Definitions

  • WO2013124556 This describes a sealed and thermally insulated tank in which a thermal insulation barrier is formed by a plurality of juxtaposed insulating blocks.
  • These insulating blocks comprise, successively along the thickness direction of the tank wall, a base plate, a lower structural insulating foam, an intermediate plate, an upper structural insulating foam, and a lid plate. Within these insulating blocks, the plates are held apart from each other along the thickness direction of the tank wall by the structural insulating foam.
  • the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the first insulating module is less than the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the first zone.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second insulating module along the thickness direction of the tank wall is between the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the primary thermally insulating barrier of the first zone and the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the primary thermally insulating barrier of the second zone inclusive.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the second insulating module along the thickness direction of the tank wall is between the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the primary thermally insulating barrier of the first zone and the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the primary thermally insulating barrier of the second zone inclusive.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second insulating module along said thickness direction is equal to the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the second zone.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the second insulating module is less than the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the second zone.
  • the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the second insulating module is greater than the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the insulating modules of the second zone.
  • an insulating module located in the transition zone close to the first zone has a modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction greater than the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of an insulating module located in the transition zone in the same thermally insulating barrier and further away from the first zone.
  • the transition zone subdivides the difference in behavior between the insulating modules of the first zone and the insulating modules of the second zone into a plurality of small steps.
  • This subdivision provides a support surface for the waterproofing membranes with satisfactory flatness.
  • the difference in amplitude between the first and second zones is subdivided into a plurality of small steps, such small steps not degrading the performance and lifespan of the waterproofing membranes.
  • a transition zone using separate insulating modules to create a gentle slope is simple to achieve.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction along the thickness direction of the tank wall in the transition zone increases continuously progressively from the first zone towards the second zone.
  • an insulating module of the transition zone comprises a structural insulating foam interposed between the cover panel and the bottom panel on the surface of the cover panel and the bottom panel of said insulating module such that the cover panel of said insulating module is kept away from the bottom panel of said insulating module by said structural insulating foam, said structural insulating foam having a coefficient of thermal contraction along the thickness direction of the tank wall lower than the coefficient of thermal contraction along said thickness direction of the structural insulating foam of the second zone.
  • the structural insulating foam of said insulating module of the transition zone comprises a first portion of structural insulating foam and a second portion of structural insulating foam, the first portion of structural insulating foam being closer to the first zone than the second portion of structural foam, the first portion of structural insulating foam having a coefficient of thermal contraction along the thickness direction of the tank lower than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second portion of structural insulating foam along said thickness direction.
  • an insulating module in the transition zone comprises structural insulating foam interposed between the lid panel and the bottom panel on the surface of the lid panel and the bottom panel of said insulating module such that the lid panel of said insulating module is kept at a distance from the bottom panel of said insulating module by said structural insulating foam, said structural insulating foam having a modulus of elasticity along the thickness direction of the tank wall greater than the modulus of elasticity along said thickness direction of the structural insulating foam of the second zone.
  • the structural insulating foam of said insulating module of the transition zone comprises a first portion of structural insulating foam and a second portion of structural insulating foam, the first portion of structural insulating foam being closer to the first zone than the second portion of structural foam, the first portion of structural insulating foam having a modulus of elasticity along the thickness direction of the tank greater than the modulus of elasticity of the second portion of structural insulating foam along said thickness direction.
  • the structural insulating foam of said module is a fiber-reinforced polyurethane foam, the first portion of structural insulating foam having a fiber orientation along a thickness direction of the tank wall and the second portion of structural insulating foam having a fiber orientation perpendicular to the thickness direction of the tank wall.
  • the thickness of the first portion gradually decreases from the first zone towards the second zone and the thickness of the second portion gradually increases from the first zone towards the second zone.
  • the insulating modules of the transition zone comprise a mixed module having an intermediate panel arranged between the bottom panel and the cover panel, the insulating trim having a lower trim arranged between the intermediate panel and the bottom panel and an upper trim arranged between the intermediate panel and the cover panel.
  • the first insulating module is a mixed module.
  • the mixed module comprises load-bearing spacers extending along a thickness direction of the tank wall between the intermediate panel and one of the bottom panel and the lid panel, said spacers being distributed over the surface of the intermediate panel and said one of the bottom panel and the lid panel such that the intermediate panel and said one of the bottom panel and the lid panel are kept apart from each other by said load-bearing spacers,
  • the insulating lining arranged between the intermediate panel and the other between the bottom panel and the cover panel comprises a structural insulating foam distributed over the surface of the intermediate panel and said other between the bottom panel and the cover panel such that the intermediate panel and said other between the bottom panel and the cover panel are kept apart by said structural insulating foam.
  • the intermediate panel is developed in a plane inclined relative to the bottom panel and the lid panel.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the composite module gradually increases along the length of the tank wall from the first zone of the tank wall towards the second zone of the tank wall, and/or the modulus of elasticity of the composite module gradually decreases along the length of the tank wall from the first zone of the tank wall towards the second zone of the tank wall.
  • the mixed modulus exhibits a coefficient of thermal contraction along the thickness direction of the tank wall increasing progressively from the first zone towards the second zone of the tank wall and/or a modulus of elasticity along the thickness direction of the tank wall decreasing progressively from the first zone towards the second zone of the tank wall.
  • the intermediate panel is distant from an edge of the mixed module located near one of the first zone and the second zone.
  • the intermediate panel is distant from one of the bottom panel and the cover panel of the mixed module.
  • the primary and secondary waterproofing membranes are essentially made of metal strips extending lengthwise and having raised longitudinal edges. The raised edges of two adjacent metal strips are welded together in pairs to form expansion gussets that allow the waterproofing membrane to deform in a direction perpendicular to the length.
  • the primary and/or secondary waterproofing membranes comprise corrugated metal plates.
  • the angle of the tank comprises a primary anchoring wing and a secondary anchoring wing, a first end of said anchoring wings being anchored to the supporting structure and a second end of said anchoring wings being welded in a watertight manner to the corresponding sealing membrane.
  • the primary sealing membrane has undulations extending perpendicularly to the raised edges and arranged at the right of the first zone.
  • the secondary waterproofing membrane is essentially made up of metal strips extending in the length direction and having raised longitudinal edges, the raised edges of two adjacent metal strips being welded in pairs so as to form expansion bellows allowing deformation of the waterproofing membrane in a direction perpendicular to the length direction, wherein the corner of the tank has a secondary anchoring wing, a first end of said anchoring wing being anchored to the supporting structure and a second end of said anchoring wing being welded in a watertight manner to the secondary waterproofing membrane, and wherein the primary waterproofing membrane has corrugated metal plates.
  • Such a tank can be part of an onshore storage facility, for example for storing LNG, or be installed in a floating structure, coastal or deep water, including a LNG carrier, a floating unit of storage and regasification (FSRU), a floating production and remote storage unit (FPSO) and others.
  • FSRU floating unit of storage and regasification
  • FPSO floating production and remote storage unit
  • the invention also provides a vessel for the transport of a cold liquid product comprising a double hull and a aforementioned tank disposed in the double hull.
  • the invention also provides a method for loading or unloading such a vessel, in which a cold liquid product is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to a floating or land-based storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a cold liquid product, the system comprising the aforementioned vessel, insulated pipes arranged to connect the tank installed in the hull of the vessel to a floating or land-based storage facility, and a pump to drive a flow of cold liquid product through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or land-based storage facility to or from the vessel's tank.
  • the invention also provides an insulating module comprising a lid panel, a bottom panel and an insulating lining interposed between the bottom panel and the lid panel, said insulating module further comprising an intermediate panel arranged between the bottom panel and the lid panel and separating the insulating module into an upper part and a lower part, the insulating lining comprising a lower lining arranged between the intermediate panel and the bottom panel and an upper lining arranged between the intermediate panel and the lid panel, said insulating module having at least one parameter selected from the coefficient of thermal contraction and the modulus of elasticity in the thickness direction of the tank wall whose value is distinct between the upper part of the insulating module and the lower part of the insulating module.
  • said insulating module comprises load-bearing spacers extending along a thickness direction of the tank wall between the intermediate panel and at least one of the bottom panel and the lid panel, said spacers being distributed over the surface of the intermediate panel and said at least one of the bottom panel and the lid panel such that the intermediate panel and said at least one of the the bottom panel and the lid panel are held apart from each other by said load-bearing spacers,
  • the insulating lining arranged between the intermediate panel and at least one of the bottom panel and the cover panel comprises structural insulating foam distributed over the surface of the intermediate panel and of said at least one of the bottom panel and the cover panel such that the intermediate panel and said at least one of the bottom panel and the cover panel are kept apart by said structural insulating foam.
  • the secondary thermal insulation barrier 1, hereinafter referred to as secondary insulating barrier 1 comprises secondary insulating blocks 5. These secondary insulating blocks 5 are juxtaposed and anchored to a load-bearing structure 6 by secondary retaining devices, for example studs or couplers welded to the load-bearing structure 6. These secondary insulating blocks 5 form a secondary support surface on which the secondary sealing membrane 2 is retained.
  • the primary thermally insulating barrier 3, hereinafter referred to as primary insulating barrier 3, comprises primary insulating blocks 7. These primary insulating blocks 7 are placed side-by-side and held onto the secondary waterproofing membrane 2 by primary retaining elements. These primary insulating blocks 7 form a primary support surface onto which the primary waterproofing membrane 4 is held.
  • the load-bearing structure 6 may be, in particular, a self-supporting metal plate or, more generally, any type of rigid bulkhead with suitable mechanical properties.
  • the load-bearing structure 6 may, in particular, be formed by the hull or double hull of a ship.
  • the load-bearing structure 6 comprises a plurality of walls defining the overall shape of the tank, usually a polyhedral shape.
  • the first zone 11 of the tank wall illustrated on the right side of the figure 1 represents an area of the tank wall subjected to high stresses within the tank.
  • the second area 12 of the tank wall illustrated on the left side of the figure 1 represents an area of the tank wall subjected to less stress in the tank.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone can be made in the form of boxes having side edges and load-bearing spacer plates between the base plate 9 and the lid plate 10.
  • the insulating lining 8 of such blocks is housed in internal spaces delimited by the side edges and the load-bearing spacers between the base plate and the lid plate.
  • the documents FR2798358 , FR2867831 , FR2877639 And FR2683786 describe methods of implementing such insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone in the form of boxes.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone may include load-bearing pillars, the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10 being held apart by these load-bearing pillars extending along the thickness direction of said insulating blocks.
  • load-bearing pillars are distributed between the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10 to ensure a uniform spacing between the base and cover plates.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 comprise an insulating lining 8 in the form of structural insulating foam sandwiched between the cover plate 10 and the base plate 9 over the surface of both the cover plate 10 and the base plate 9.
  • this structural insulating foam is sandwiched between the cover plate 10 and the base plate 9 over substantially the entire surface of both the cover plate 10 and the base plate 9.
  • the cover plate 10 of said insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 is kept at a distance from the base plate 9 by said structural insulating foam.
  • Such structural insulating foam has, in the direction of the tank wall thickness, a higher coefficient of thermal contraction than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the spacers in said direction of the tank wall thickness.
  • such structural insulating foam has, in the direction of the thickness of the tank wall, a lower modulus of elasticity than the modulus of elasticity of the spacers in said direction of the thickness of the tank wall.
  • Such structural insulating foam can take many forms; this structural insulating foam's function, in addition to its thermal insulation function, is to keep the base plates 9 and lid at a distance. 10.
  • the mechanical resistance along the thickness direction of the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 is primarily determined by the characteristics of the structural insulating foam. Insulating blocks 5, 7 incorporating such structural insulating foam can take many forms.
  • such blocks 5, 7 of the second zone may contain polyurethane foam structurally suitable for maintaining a distance between the base plate and the cover plate.
  • the structural insulating foam is, for example, a polyurethane foam reinforced with glass or aramid fibers having a density of 120 to 140 kg/ m3 .
  • the structural insulating foam may also be a high-density reinforced polyurethane foam having a density greater than or equal to 170 kg/ m3 , preferably equal to 210 kg/ m3 .
  • Such insulating blocks 5, 7 are, for example, described in the document FR2813111 Similarly, the documents WO2013124556 And WO2013017781 describe insulating blocks 5, 7 comprising a layer of structural insulating foam sandwiched between and keeping apart a base plate and a cover plate.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 may have areas of localized reinforcement. However, with the exception of these localized reinforcement areas, the base and cover plates of the insulating blocks in these documents are held apart primarily by the structural insulating foam.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 may have corner pillars to reinforce the anchoring areas of the insulating block 5, 7. However, these corner pillars constitute localized areas, with the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10 being held apart primarily by the structural insulating foam.
  • the document WO2013017781 describes an example of the realization of such insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 comprising corner pillars.
  • the insulating blocks 5 and 7 in the first zone 11 exhibit good stress resistance characteristics due to the spacers. However, these spacers also create areas of increased thermal conductivity between the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 exhibit good thermal insulation properties, better than those of the first zone 11. However, these insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 exhibit less resistance to stress than the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone 11.
  • the first zone 11 is adjacent to a corner of the tank, and the second zone 12 is located in the central part of the wall.
  • the insulating blocks in the tank are subjected to different stresses depending on their location.
  • the insulating blocks arranged in the corner areas of the tank, namely the first zone 11 are generally subjected to greater stresses than the insulating blocks located in the flat areas of the tank, namely the second zone 12.
  • the first zone 11 may be adjacent to a portion of the tank wall where the sealing membranes must be interrupted, for example, a portion of the tank wall through which a pipe passes, in particular a gas dome pipe, a portion of the tank wall through which a support foot passes, for example, for a pump, or a portion of the tank wall at the end of a liquid dome.
  • a pipe passes
  • a support foot passes
  • a portion of the tank wall at the end of a liquid dome for example, a portion of the tank wall at the end of a liquid dome.
  • the type of insulating blocks was adapted to the specific areas of the tank where they are arranged, and more specifically to the stresses these blocks must withstand in those areas.
  • This arrangement of the insulating blocks within the tank results in an optimized tank in terms of both thermal insulation and resistance to stress.
  • the upper part of the figure 1 illustrates these two zones 11, 12 in the context of an empty tank at ambient temperature, for example 20°C.
  • the lower part of the figure 1 illustrates these two zones 11, 12 within the context of a tank full of LNG at -163°C.
  • the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 have the same thickness at room temperature in order to provide a flat support surface for the sealing membranes 2, 4.
  • the expression coefficient of thermal contraction is used in reference to the coefficient of thermal contraction of an element along the thickness direction of the tank wall.
  • the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 exhibit different coefficients of thermal contraction, different stiffnesses, different creep resistance, etc. In other words, the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 behave differently under thermal, cargo, sloshing, etc. loads.
  • first zone 11 and the second zone 12 exhibit different thickness changes when the tank is filled with LNG.
  • first zone 11 and the second zone 12 have the same thickness when the tank is empty, as illustrated in the upper part of the figure 1
  • a step 13 along the thickness direction of the tank wall appears between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 when the tank is filled with LNG as illustrated on the lower part of the figure 1
  • This step 13 is particularly important at the level of the primary support surface bearing the primary waterproofing membrane 4 because this step 13 is generated by the difference in thickness between the two insulating barriers 1 and 3.
  • a primary insulating barrier 3 of 230 mm with a thickness and a secondary insulating barrier 1 of 300mm thickness we can observe a step 13 which can reach approximately 8 to 12mm mainly under the combined effects of sloshing and thermal contraction for two-thirds and minorityally under the combined effect of cargo pressure and creep.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation illustrating the principle of a tank wall in which the thermally insulating barriers 1, 3 comprise insulating blocks 5, 7 arranged according to the stresses experienced in the tank, while also presenting a support surface adapted to support the sealing membranes 2, 4. Numerous embodiments are described in more detail below with regard to the figures 3 to 17 in order to implement such a tank wall.
  • the tank wall illustrated on the figure 2 behaves in a manner similar to the tank wall described opposite the figure 1
  • the tank wall comprises a first zone 11 and a second zone 12, each containing insulating blocks 5 and 7 with different structures. It also includes a transition zone 14 interposed between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12. This transition zone 14 contains insulating blocks 5 and 7 selected so that its compressive behavior is intermediate between that of the first zone 11 and that of the second zone 12.
  • the insulating blocks 5 and 7 in transition zone 14 are selected to be flush with the insulating blocks 5 and 7 in the first and second zones 11 and 12 when the tank is empty at room temperature in order to provide a flat support surface for the sealing membranes.
  • the insulating blocks 5 and 7 in transition zone 14 are also selected so that the transition zone 14 has a thickness between the thickness of the first zone 11 and the thickness of the second zone 12 when the tank is full of LNG as illustrated on the lower part of the figure 2 .
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the transition zone 14 are selected so that the coefficient of thermal contraction of the transition zone 14 is between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first zone 11 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the insulating blocks 5 and 7 in transition zone 14 can also be selected based on other characteristics. For example, these blocks can be selected based on their impact stiffness, to account for the effects of sloshing of the liquid inside the tank. They can also be selected based on their static compressive stiffness to account for the pressure due to the weight of the liquid in the tank. Other characteristics, such as Young's modulus in compression or creep resistance over time, can also be considered.
  • the description given with regard to the coefficient of thermal contraction applies by analogy to the modulus of elasticity of the tank wall zones.
  • the first zone 11 has a modulus of elasticity greater than the modulus of elasticity of the second zone 12, and the transition zone has a modulus of elasticity between the modulus of elasticity of the first zone 11 and the modulus of elasticity of the second zone 12.
  • the modulus of elasticity of the transition zone 14 can decrease from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the transition zone are selected so that the transition zone 14 has a compression behavior intermediate between the compression behavior of the first and second zones 11, 12 and that the thickness of the transition zone 14 is between the thickness of the first zone 11 and the thickness of the second zone 12 when the tank is full of LNG.
  • Such a transition zone 14 allows for a smooth transition between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12.
  • the step 13 between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 is subdivided into a first step 15 and a second step 16 of reduced size.
  • the first step 15 is located between the first zone 11 and the transition zone 14
  • the second step 16 is located between the transition zone 14 and the second zone 12.
  • the tank wall thus no longer presents a significant step 13 as illustrated in the figure 1 which could degrade the sealing membranes 2, 4 while presenting areas whose resistance and insulation properties are adapted to the stresses within the tank.
  • reduced-size steps 15, 16 refers to steps smaller than step 13 between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12.
  • the first zone 11 comprises in the primary insulating barrier 3 and in the secondary insulating barrier 1 structurally analogous insulating blocks 5, 7.
  • the second zone 12 comprises structurally similar insulating blocks 5 and 7 in the primary insulating barrier 3 and in the secondary insulating barrier 1.
  • the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 being able to comprise one or a plurality of primary insulating blocks 7 and secondary insulating blocks 5 juxtaposed according to the desired dimensions of said first zone 11 and second zone 12.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises a superimposed secondary insulating block 5 and a primary insulating block 7.
  • the secondary insulating block 5 of the transition zone 14 is identical to the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 is identical to the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12. Consequently, the coefficient of thermal contraction of the transition zone 14 is the sum of the coefficients of thermal contraction of a secondary insulating block 5 of the first zone 11 and a primary insulating block 7 of the second zone.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the transition zone 14 lies between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first zone 11 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • This first embodiment has the advantage of being simple to implement since it uses standardized insulating blocks 5, 7 from the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 to form the transition zone 14. This first embodiment thus allows the step 13 of the primary support surface to be subdivided into two steps 15, 16 of reduced sizes.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 is identical to the primary insulating blocks 7 of the first zone 11 and the secondary insulating block 5 of the transition zone 14 is identical to the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the second zone 12.
  • This unillustrated variant also makes it possible to obtain a simple transition zone 14 by using insulating blocks 5, 7 identical to the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 while providing a transition zone 14 subdividing the step 13 between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 into steps 15, 16 acceptable for the primary waterproofing membrane 4.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises a secondary insulating block 5 identical to the secondary blocks 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the primary insulating barrier 3 of the transition zone 14 is formed by a primary insulating block 7 developing jointly in the transition zone 14 and in the second zone 12.
  • a secondary insulating block 17 at the end of the second zone 12 has a similar structure but smaller dimensions than the other secondary insulating blocks 5 in the second zone 12.
  • a primary insulating block 18 at the end of the second zone 12, resting on the secondary insulating block 17, has a projecting portion 19 extending towards the first zone 11 beyond the secondary insulating block 17.
  • This projecting portion 18 rests on the secondary insulating block 5 in the transition zone 14. In other words, this projecting portion 19 forms the primary insulating barrier 3 in the transition zone 14.
  • the first zone 11 is a tank wall corner zone.
  • a tank corner is described in the documents FR2798358 Or WO2015007974
  • this corner of the tank incorporates insulating blocks 5 and 7 in the form of plywood boxes, defining an internal space filled with an insulating material such as perlite. Load-bearing struts are distributed throughout the internal space of the boxes to provide them with good resistance to stress. Boxes of a similar structure are used to create the primary thermal insulation barrier and the secondary thermal insulation barrier.
  • the second zone consists of insulating blocks 5, 7 comprising an insulating lining 8 in the form of structural insulating foam arranged between the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10.
  • These insulating blocks 5, 7 further comprise an intermediate plate 20 housed within the insulating lining 8, said insulating lining 8 thus comprising an upper insulating foam 21 arranged between the cover plate 10 and the intermediate plate 20, and a lower insulating foam 22 arranged between the intermediate plate 20 and the base plate 9.
  • the upper insulating foam 21 and the lower insulating foam 22 are, for example, polyurethane foam with a density of 130 kg/ m3 .
  • the secondary insulating block 5 of the second zone 12 is, for example, a secondary insulating block as described in the document WO2014096600
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the second zone 12 is for example a primary insulating block as described in the document WO2013124556 .
  • the secondary 2 and primary 4 waterproofing membranes are here made using Invar strips with raised edges, for example, 500 mm wide.
  • the raised edges of two adjacent Invar strips are welded in pairs to weld supports anchored in the cover plate 10 of the insulating blocks 5, 7, which form the support surface on which the Invar strips rest.
  • a connecting ring has primary and secondary anchoring wings 23, one end of which is welded to the supporting structure 6 and the other end of which is welded to the end of the primary 4 and secondary 2 waterproofing membranes, respectively, in order to anchor the primary 4 and secondary 2 waterproofing membranes to the supporting structure 6.
  • Such a connecting ring is described, for example, in document FR2798358 the document WO8909909 or the document WO2015007974 .
  • the connecting ring consists solely of secondary anchoring wings 23, one end of which is welded to the supporting structure 6 and the other end is welded to the end of the secondary sealing membrane 2 in order to anchor said secondary sealing membrane 2 to the supporting structure 6.
  • the primary sealing membrane 4 advantageously includes a portion of the membrane with corrugations 24.
  • Such corrugations 24 develop along the steps 15, 16.
  • These corrugations 24 are, for example, made using corrugated metal sheeting such as those described in the document FR2691520 This corrugated metal sheet is inserted between one end 25 of the Invar strips of the primary sealing membrane 4 and the primary anchoring flange 23 of the connecting ring.
  • Various metal parts not shown can also be inserted between the corrugated metal sheet and the primary anchoring flange 23, for example, an angle bracket forming the edge of the primary sealing membrane 4 at the corner of the tank.
  • FIG. 5 shows, by way of illustration, a first zone 11 comprising, on the one hand, insulating blocks 5, 7 in the connecting ring and, on the other hand, a block Primary insulation block 7 and a secondary insulation block 5 are located outside the connecting ring.
  • This configuration is advantageous because the primary insulation block 7 and the secondary insulation block 5 of the first zone 11, situated outside the connecting ring, contribute to the proper retention of the connecting ring in the corner of the tank and of the welds between the connecting ring and the membranes.
  • this first zone could consist only of the insulation blocks located within the connecting ring, so that the transition zone 14 would be directly adjacent to the connecting ring.
  • THE figures 6 to 8 illustrate a third embodiment of the transition zone 14.
  • This third embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the transition zone 14 comprises at least one insulating block 26 distinct from the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone 11 and the second zone 12.
  • This or these distinct insulating block(s) 26 have a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficients of thermal contraction of the adjacent insulating blocks 5, 7 in the corresponding insulating barrier 1, 3.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises a secondary insulating block 5 identical to the secondary insulating block 5 of the first zone 11 and a separate insulating block 26 arranged in the primary insulating barrier 1.
  • This separate insulating block 26 constitutes a primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 having a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the first zone 11 and of the second zone 12.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises a primary insulating block 7 identical to the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12 and a separate insulating block 26 arranged in the secondary insulating barrier 1.
  • This separate insulating block 26 constitutes a secondary insulating block 5 of the transition zone 14 having a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the first zone 11 and of the second zone 12.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises two distinct insulating blocks 26 superimposed. These distinct insulating blocks 26 constitute a primary insulating block 7 and a secondary insulating block 5 of the transition zone, both having similar structures and a coefficient of thermal contraction between between those of the adjacent insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone 11 and of the second zone 12.
  • the separate insulating blocks 26 of the transition zone 14 in this third embodiment are, for example, insulating blocks comprising a cover plate 10 and a base plate 9 held apart by a separate structural insulating foam 27, this separate structural insulating foam 27 being different from the structural insulating foam of the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12.
  • the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the second zone 12 may comprise a polyurethane foam having a density of 130 kg/ m3, while the separate structural insulating foam 27 is a reinforced polyurethane foam with a density of 210 kg/ m3 .
  • the transition zone 14 has a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first zone 11 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the transition zone 14 comprises a plurality of primary insulating blocks 7 and a plurality of secondary insulating blocks 5.
  • This embodiment allows the transition zone 14 to be subdivided into several sub-zones, each with distinct thermal contraction coefficients, and thus the step 13 between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 to be subdivided into a plurality of smaller steps.
  • the transition zone 14 is divided into a first sub-zone 28 and a second sub-zone 29.
  • the first sub-zone 28 is contiguous with the first zone 11 and the second sub-zone 28 is contiguous with the second zone 12.
  • the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 comprises a secondary insulating block 5 identical to the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the first zone 11 and a primary insulating block 7 identical to the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • this first sub-zone 28 is implemented according to the first embodiment described above with regard to the figure 3 .
  • the second sub-zone 29 of the transition zone 14 contains a primary insulating block 7 identical to the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • the secondary insulating block 5 of the second sub-zone 29 is a mixed secondary insulating block 30.
  • This mixed secondary insulating block 30 has a The coefficient of thermal contraction is between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the secondary insulating block 5 of the first zone 11 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the secondary insulating block 5 of the second zone 12.
  • the second sub-zone 29 has a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first sub-zone 28 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the step 14 between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 is subdivided into a first step separating the first zone 11 and the first sub-zone 28, a second step separating the first sub-zone 28 and the second sub-zone 29, and a third step separating the second sub-zone 29 and the second zone 12.
  • the mixed secondary insulating block 30 comprises an upper element 31 and a lower element 32 superimposed along their thickness.
  • the mixed secondary insulating block 30 comprises a lower element 32 formed by the base plate 9 and a lower structural insulating lining 33, and an upper element 31 formed by an insulating box.
  • Such an insulating box includes an intermediate plate 34 and a cover plate 10 held apart by load-bearing spacers in a manner similar to the insulating blocks 5, 7 of the first zone 11.
  • the upper element 31 can be made of structural insulating foam with a density greater than that of the structural insulating foam of the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the second zone 12.
  • the lower element 32 is a box and the upper element 31 comprises structural insulating foam.
  • the respective thicknesses of the upper element 31 and the lower element 32 are adapted to the desired thermal contraction coefficient of the mixed secondary insulating block 30.
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration of an implementation of the fourth embodiment of the figure 9 In this project, the first zone 11 and the second Zone 12 is carried out in a manner analogous to the first and second zones 11, 12 described above with regard to the figure 5 .
  • the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 comprises a secondary insulating block 5 in the form of a box identical to the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the first sub-zone 28 comprises a high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35 having a density greater than the density of the structural insulating foam of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12, such that the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 has a coefficient of thermal contraction greater than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first zone 11 but less than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 may further comprise an intermediate plate 20 housed within the high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35, said high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35 being thus arranged between the cover plate 10 and the intermediate plate 20 and between the intermediate plate 20 and the base plate 9.
  • the second sub-zone 29 of the transition zone 14 comprises a mixed secondary insulation block 30.
  • This second sub-zone 29 comprises a primary insulation block 7 identical to the primary insulation block 7 of the first sub-zone 28.
  • the mixed secondary insulation block 30 has a lower element 32 made of structural insulating foam identical to the structural insulating foam of the secondary insulation blocks 5 of the second zone 12.
  • the upper element 31 of the mixed secondary insulation block 30 is a box with a structure analogous to the structure of the secondary insulation blocks 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the mixed secondary insulation block 30 has a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the secondary insulation block 5 of the first sub-zone 28 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the secondary insulation blocks 5 of the second zone 12.
  • the second sub-zone 29 of the transition zone 14 has a coefficient of thermal contraction between the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 and the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the secondary insulating block 5 of the transition zone 14 is identical to the insulating block secondary 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 is a mixed primary insulating block 36. Similar to the mixed secondary insulating block 30, this mixed primary insulating block 36 comprises an upper element 37 and a lower element 38 superimposed and having different structures and coefficients of thermal contraction.
  • the primary mixed insulating block 36 of the fifth embodiment differs from the secondary mixed insulating block 30 of the fourth embodiment in that the interface between the lower element 38 and the upper element 37 of said primary mixed insulating block 36 is inclined relative to the base plates 9 and cover plates 10.
  • the lower element 38 of the primary mixed insulating block 36 has a thickness that gradually decreases from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12
  • the upper element 37 has a thickness that gradually increases from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the lower element 38 is lower than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the upper element 37, so that the coefficient of thermal contraction of the primary mixed insulating block 36 gradually increases from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • This fifth embodiment advantageously reduces the steps between the transition zone 14 and the first and second zones 11, 12, the primary mixed insulating block 36 absorbing part of the thickness difference between the first zone 11 and the second zone 12 during its deformation due to its progressive modification of its thermal contraction coefficient.
  • the inclination of the interface is reversed so that the thickness of the upper element 37 decreases progressively from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12 and the thickness of the lower element 38 increases progressively from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the coefficient of thermal contraction of the upper element 37 is less than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the lower element 38.
  • the upper element 37 and lower element 38 are dimensioned so that the thickness of the primary mixed insulating block 36 is constant at ambient temperature in the tank.
  • the lower element 38 is a box delimited along the thickness direction of the tank wall by the base plate 9 of the primary mixed insulating block 36 and by an intermediate plate 39.
  • the intermediate plate 39 is inclined relative to the base plate 9 so that the thickness of said box decreases from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • This box has load-bearing spacers maintaining the base plate 9 of the primary mixed insulating block 36 at a distance from the intermediate plate 39.
  • the upper element 37 comprises a structural insulating foam sandwiched between the intermediate plate 39 and the cover plate 10 of the primary mixed insulating element 36.
  • this structural insulating foam is identical to the structural insulating foam of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • the mixed primary insulating block 36 has a thermal contraction coefficient that increases progressively from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12. More specifically, the thermal contraction coefficient of the mixed primary insulating block 36 is identical to the thermal contraction coefficient of a primary insulating block 7 from the first zone 11 on the side of said first zone 11 and increases progressively towards the second zone 12 until it reaches substantially the value of the thermal contraction coefficient of a primary insulating block 7 from the second zone 12.
  • the lower element 38 of the primary mixed insulating block 36 has a thermal contraction coefficient between the thermal contraction coefficient of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the first zone 11 and the thermal contraction coefficient of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • the lower element 38 is formed using a high-density structural insulating foam 40 whose thermal contraction coefficient is lower than the thermal contraction coefficient of the structural insulating foam of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • the upper element 37 of said primary mixed insulating block 36 is, in this variant, identical to the upper element 37 of the primary mixed insulating block 36 described opposite the figure 11 that is to say with a structural insulating foam identical to the structural insulating foam of the second zone 12.
  • the lower element 38 of the mixed primary insulating block 36 is a box as described above opposite the figure 11 and the upper element 37 of said mixed insulating block 36 comprises a structural insulating foam whose density is greater than the density of the structural insulating foam of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12.
  • FIG 13 is an illustration of an implementation of the fifth embodiment of one of the Figures 11 Or 12 .
  • FIG 14 is an illustration of an insulating module of the transition zone of the figure 13 .
  • FIG. 15 schematically illustrates a sixth embodiment of the transition zone 14.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 in this sixth embodiment has a coefficient of thermal contraction that gradually decreases from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the gradual decrease in the coefficient of thermal contraction of the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 is achieved by using structural foam blocks having distinct coefficients of thermal contraction in said primary insulating block 7.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone comprises a structural insulating foam that maintains a distance between the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10.
  • This structural insulating foam has two portions: a first portion 41 located near the first zone 11 and a second portion 42 located near the second zone 12.
  • the interface between the first portion 41 and the second portion 42 has at least one step 43 in the thickness direction of the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14. This step 43 allows for a gradual decrease in the thickness of the first portion 41 and a gradual increase in the thickness of the second portion 42 from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the first portion 41 of structural insulating foam has a lower coefficient of thermal contraction than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second portion 42.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 has a coefficient of thermal contraction increasing from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.
  • the first section 41 and the second section 42 are made of polyurethane foam reinforced with fibers such as glass fibers.
  • the polyurethane foam in the first section 41 is arranged so that the fibers are oriented along the thickness direction of the primary insulating block 7, as illustrated by arrows 44.
  • the polyurethane foam in the second section 42 is arranged so that the fibers are oriented perpendicular to the thickness direction of the primary insulating block 7, as illustrated by arrows 45. This arrangement resembles the steps of a staircase formed by the first section 41 and the second section 42.
  • the first section 41 made of polyurethane foam with fibers oriented along the thickness of the primary insulating block 7 has a coefficient of thermal contraction of approximately 25 x 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 to 27 x 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 for 10% glass fiber by mass
  • the second section 42 made of polyurethane foam with fibers oriented perpendicular to the thickness of the primary insulating block 7, has a coefficient of thermal contraction of approximately 60 x 10 ⁇ 6 K ⁇ 1 .
  • Another method for obtaining thermal contraction coefficients between the first portion 41 and the second portion 42 could be to modify the fiber ratio and its nature in the polyurethane foam to adjust the thermal contraction coefficient between 15 and 60.10 -6 K -1 .
  • the first zone 11 is arranged on all edges of the tank walls, the second zone 12 on all central portions of the tank walls, and the transition zone 14 between all the first and second zones 11, 12 of the tank walls.
  • figure 18 is a schematic representation of a transverse wall of a sealed and thermally insulating tank comprising a first zone, a transition zone and a second zone according to the invention arranged according to this embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is an illustration of the sealed and thermally insulating tank wall according to a seventh embodiment.
  • the first zone 11 is a corner zone of the tank wall comprising insulating blocks 5, 7 in the form of plywood boxes delimiting an internal space filled with insulating material such as perlite or glass wool. Load-bearing struts are distributed throughout the internal space of the boxes to provide them with good resistance to stress.
  • the first zone 11 is therefore located at the connection ring, and insulating blocks 5, 7 are located within the connection ring.
  • the second zone 12 consists of insulating blocks 5, 7 comprising an insulating lining 8 in the form of structural insulating foam arranged between the base plate 9 and the cover plate 10.
  • These insulating blocks 5, 7 further comprise an intermediate plate 20 housed within the insulating lining 8, said insulating lining 8 thus comprising an upper insulating foam 21 arranged between the cover plate 10 and the intermediate plate 20 and a lower insulating foam 22 arranged between the intermediate plate 20 and the base plate 9.
  • the upper insulating foam 21 and the lower insulating foam 22 are, for example, polyurethane foam having a density of 130 kg/ m3 .
  • the secondary insulating block 5 of the second zone 12 is, for example, a secondary insulating block as described in the document WO2014096600
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the second zone 12 is, for example, a primary insulating block as described in the document WO2013124556 .
  • the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 comprises a secondary insulating block 5 in the form of a box identical to the secondary insulating blocks 5 of the first zone 11.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the first sub-zone 28 comprises a high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35 having a density greater than the density of the structural insulating foam of the primary insulating blocks 7 of the second zone 12, such that the first sub-zone 28 of the transition zone 14 has a coefficient of thermal contraction greater than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the first zone 11 but less than the coefficient of thermal contraction of the second zone 12.
  • the primary insulating block 7 of the transition zone 14 comprises in this embodiment a intermediate plate 20 housed in the high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35, said high-density reinforced polyurethane foam 35 being arranged thus between the cover plate 10 and the intermediate plate 20 and between the intermediate plate 20 and the base plate 9.
  • the primary waterproof membrane 4 is composed of corrugated metal plates. These corrugated metal plates are, for example, made of stainless steel, approximately 1.2 mm thick and measuring 3 m by 1 m.
  • the rectangular metal plate has a first series of parallel corrugations, called the lower corrugations, extending along a y-direction from one edge of the plate to the other, and a second series of parallel corrugations, called the upper corrugations, extending along an x-direction from one edge of the metal plate to the other.
  • the x and y directions of the corrugation series are perpendicular.
  • the corrugations are, for example, protruding on the inner face of the metal plate 1, which is intended to be in contact with the fluid contained in the tank.
  • the edges of the metal plate are parallel to the corrugations. Note that the terms "high” and “low” have a relative meaning and signify that the undulations, referred to as low, have a lower height than the undulations, referred to as high. In a variation, the undulations can have the same height.
  • the metal plate has a plurality of flat surfaces between the corrugations. Some of the corrugations may be located between the insulating blocks 7 or remain on the flat parts of the insulating blocks 7. At each intersection between a lower corrugation and a higher corrugation, the metal plate has a node zone.
  • the node zone has a central portion with a crest projecting inwards or outwards from the tank. Furthermore, the central portion is bordered, on one side, by a pair of concave corrugations formed in the crest of the higher corrugation and, on the other side, by a pair of recesses 8 into which the lower corrugation penetrates.
  • a primary waterproof membrane has been described above in which the undulations are continuous at the intersections between the two sets of undulations.
  • the primary waterproof membrane can also have two mutually perpendicular sets of undulations with discontinuities in some of the undulations at the intersections between the two sets. For example, the discontinuities are distributed alternately in the first and second sets of undulations, and within a set of undulations, the discontinuities of one undulation are offset by one wave step relative to the discontinuities of an adjacent parallel undulation.
  • This type of waterproof membrane composed of corrugated sheets, being less sensitive to the stepping phenomenon during the thermal contraction of the thermally insulating barriers 1, 3 and more resistant to stresses, it is not necessary, as in the embodiment of the Figure 10 to place in the first zone a primary insulating block 7 and a secondary insulating block 5 outside the connecting ring.
  • the first zone 11 consists only of the insulating blocks 5, 7 within the connecting ring.
  • the transition zone 14 is then directly adjacent to the connecting ring.
  • the first zone 11 can also be a gas dome, a gas dome, or a mounting area for a pump support foot.
  • the first zone 11 is located all around the support foot, and the secondary membrane 2 is attached to an anchoring flange 23 of the mounting area.
  • the transition zone 14 then extends all around the first zone 11.
  • the technique described above for making a tank can be used in different types of tanks, for example to make an LNG tank in an onshore installation or in a floating structure such as a methane tanker or other.
  • a cutaway view of a LNG carrier 70 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the vessel.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary watertight barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary watertight barrier arranged between the primary watertight barrier and the double hull 72 of the vessel, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary watertight barrier and the secondary watertight barrier and between the secondary watertight barrier and the double hull 72.
  • loading/unloading pipelines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, by means of suitable connectors, to a marine or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG to or from the tank 71.
  • the loading and unloading berth 75 is a fixed offshore facility comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 that supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 that can be connected to the loading/unloading pipelines 73.
  • the steerable movable arm 74 adapts to all LNG carrier sizes.
  • An unshown connecting pipeline extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading berth 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 to and from the onshore facility 77.
  • This facility includes liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipelines 81 linked by the subsea pipeline 76 to the loading or unloading berth 75.
  • the subsea pipeline 76 allows the transfer of liquefied gas between the loading or unloading berth 75 and the onshore facility 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 a considerable distance from the coast during loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and/or pumps equipping the land installation 77 and/or pumps equipping the loading and unloading station 75 are used.
  • the examples above show a tank wall with insulating barriers forming substantially flat support surfaces in a vacuum tank and exhibiting thickness variations between different areas of the tank walls when the tank is filled with LNG.
  • the arrangement could be reversed so that the tank walls exhibit thickness variations in a vacuum tank and flat support surfaces when the tank is filled with LNG.
  • transition zone comprising a plurality of primary insulating blocks 7 and secondary insulating blocks 5 so as to generate a plurality of sub-zones of the transition zone 14 whose thermal contraction coefficients are increasing from the first zone 11 towards the second zone 12.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Claims (31)

  1. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Flüssigkeitsspeichertank, der in eine tragende Konstruktion (6) integriert ist, wobei eine Tankwandung in einer Dickenrichtung umfasst:
    eine sekundäre thermisch isolierende Barriere (1) und eine primäre thermisch isolierende Barriere (3), die aus nebeneinander angeordneten Isoliermodulen (5, 7, 17, 18, 26, 30, 36) gebildet sind, wobei ein Isoliermodul (5, 7, 17, 18, 26, 30, 36) jeder der sekundären und primären thermisch isolierenden Barrieren eine Deckelplatte (10), eine Bodenplatte (9) und einen zwischen Bodenplatte (9) und Deckelplatte (10) eingefügten Isolierfüller (8) umfasst, eine primäre Dichtmembran (4), die auf der primären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (3) aufliegt, und
    eine sekundäre Dichtmembran (2), die auf der sekundären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (1) aufliegt,
    wobei die Tankwandung in einer Längsrichtung umfasst:
    - einen ersten Bereich (11), in dem die Isoliermodule (5, 7) Abstandshalter aufweisen, die sich in Dickenrichtung der Tankwandung zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) der Isoliermodule (5, 7) ausbreiten, wobei die Abstandshalter über die Fläche der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) derart verteilt sind, dass die Bodenplatte (9) und die Deckelplatte (10) der Isoliermodule (5, 7) durch die Abstandshalter in einem Abstand zueinander gehalten werden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tankwandung in einer Längenrichtung umfasst:
    - einen zweiten Bereich (12), in dem der Isolierfüller (8) der Isoliermodule (5, 7) einen Isolierstrukturschaum umfasst, der zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) auf der Oberfläche der Deckplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) derart eingebracht ist, dass die Deckelplatte (10) der Isoliermodule (5, 7) durch den Isolierstrukturschaum im Wesentlichen im Abstand zur Bodenplatte (9) gehalten wird,
    - einen Übergangsbereich (14), der zwischen dem ersten Bereich (11) und dem zweiten Bereich (12) eingefügt ist, wobei die Isoliermodule (5, 7, 18, 26, 30, 36) derart ausgebildet sind, dass die Tankwandung in dem Übergangsbereich (14) mindestens einen Parameter aufweist, der aus dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten und dem Elastizitätsmodul in Richtung der Dicke der Behälterwandung ausgewählt ist und dessen Wert zwischen dem Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des ersten Bereichs (11) der Tankwandung in der Dickenrichtung der Tankwandung und dem Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des zweiten Bereichs (12) der Tankwandung in der Dickenrichtung der Tankwandung liegt.
  2. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Bereich (11) ganz oder teilweise über einen Umfang der Wandung angeordnet ist.
  3. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 1, wobei der erste Bereich (11) ein Eckbereich, eine Gaskuppel, eine Flüssigkeitskuppel oder ein Befestigungsbereich eines Stützfußes für eine Pumpe ist.
  4. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Isoliermodule (5, 7, 18, 26, 30, 36) des Übergangsbereichs (14) umfassen:
    - ein erstes Isoliermodul (5, 26, 30), das in der sekundären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (1) angeordnet ist, wobei das erste Isoliermodul (5, 26, 30) einen ersten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters in der Dickenrichtung der Tankwandung aufweist, und
    - ein zweites Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36), das in der primären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (3) angeordnet ist, wobei das zweite Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) einen zweiten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters in der Dickenrichtung der Tankwandung aufweist, wobei das erste Isoliermodul (5, 26, 30) und das zweite Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) in Richtung der Dicke der Tankwandung einander überlagert sind.
  5. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 4, wobei
    - das eine des ersten Isoliermoduls(5, 30) und des zweiten Isoliermoduls (7, 36) Abstandshalter aufweist, die sich in einer Dickenrichtung der Wandung zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) des Isoliermoduls ausdehnen, wobei die Abstandshalter über die Fläche der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) derart verteilt sind, dass die Bodenplatte (9) und die Deckelplatte (10) des Isoliermoduls durch die Abstandshalter in einem Abstand zueinander gehalten werden, und
    - das andere des ersten Isoliermoduls 85, 26) und des zweiten Isoliermoduls (7, 18, 26) einen Isolierstrukturschaum umfasst, der zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) auf der Oberfläche der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) derart eingebracht ist, dass die Deckelplatte (10) des anderen Isoliermoduls durch den Isolierstrukturschaum in einem Abstand zur Bodenplatte (9) des anderen Isoliermoduls gehalten wird.
  6. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 5, wobei der Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des anderen des ersten Isoliermoduls (5, 26) und des zweiten Isoliermoduls (7, 18, 26) geringer ist als der Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des einen des ersten Isolierelements (5, 30) und des zweiten Isolierelements (7, 36).
  7. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei der erste Bereich (11) einem Eckbereich des Tanks mit einem Verbindungsring entspricht und der Übergangsbereich (14) direkt an den Verbindungsring angrenzt, wobei das zweite Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26) einen Isolierstrukturschaum umfasst, der zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) auf der Oberfläche der Deckplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) derart eingebracht ist, dass die Deckelplatte (10) des anderen Isoliermoduls durch den Isolierstrukturschaum in einem Abstand zur Bodenplatte (9) des anderen Isoliermoduls gehalten wird.
  8. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 7, wobei das erste Isoliermodul Abstandshalter aufweist, die sich in einer Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) des Isoliermoduls ausbreiten, wobei die Abstandshalter über die Fläche der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) derart verteilt sind, dass die Bodenplatte (9) und die Deckelplatte (10) des Isoliermoduls durch die Abstandshalter im Abstand zueinander gehalten werden.
  9. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8, wobei die Isoliermodule (5, 7, 18, 26, 30, 36) des Übergangsbereichs (14) umfassen:
    - ein drittes Isoliermodul (26), das in der sekundären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (1) angeordnet ist, wobei das dritte Isoliermodul zum zweiten Bereich (12) näher liegt als das erste Isoliermodul (5, 26, 30) und einen dritten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist,
    - ein viertes Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36), das in der primären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (3) angeordnet ist, wobei das vierte Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) zum zweiten Bereich (12) näher liegt als das zweite Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) und einen vierten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist, und wobei der dritte Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des dritten Isoliermoduls (26) zwischen dem ersten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des ersten Isoliermoduls (5, 26, 30) und des mindestens einen Parameters des zweiten Isoliermoduls (7, 18, 26, 36) liegt.
  10. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 9, wobei das dritte Isoliermodul (26) ein gemischtes Modul ist mit einer Zwischenplatte (20), die zwischen der Bodenplatte und der Deckelplatte angeordnet ist, wobei der Isolierfüller einen unteren Füller umfasst, der zwischen der Zwischenplatte und der Bodenplatte angeordnet ist, und einen oberen Füller, der zwischen der Zwischenplatte und der Deckelplatte angeordnet ist, wobei das gemischte Modul einen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten aufweist, der zwischen dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten eines Isoliermoduls des ersten Bereichs (11) und dem Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten eines Isoliermoduls des zweiten Bereichs (12) liegt.
  11. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, wobei das vierte Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) mit dem zweiten Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26, 36) derart identisch ist, dass der vierte Wert des mindestens einen Parameters gleich einem zweiten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters ist.
  12. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, wobei die Isoliermodule (5, 7, 18, 26, 30, 36) des Übergangsbereichs ein drittes Isoliermodul (26) umfassen, das in der sekundären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (1) angeordnet ist, wobei das dritte Isoliermodul zum zweiten Bereich (12) näher liegt als das erste Isoliermodul (5, 26, 30) und einen dritten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist und wobei das zweite Isoliermodul (7, 18, 26) sich über die gesamte Länge des Übergangsbereichs in der primären thermisch isolierenden Barriere (3) erstreckt, wobei der dritte Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des dritten Isoliermoduls (26) zwischen dem ersten Wert des ersten Isoliermoduls (5, 26, 30) des mindestens einen Parameters und dem zweiten Wert des mindestens einen Parameters des zweiten Isoliermoduls (7, 18, 26, 36) liegt.
  13. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 5, wobei sich das andere des ersten Isoliermoduls und des zweiten Isoliermoduls (18) in dem Übergangsbereich (14) und in dem zweiten Bereich (12) der Wandung des Tanks gemeinsam entfaltet.
  14. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, wobei der Übergangsbereich (14) einen Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizienten in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist, der sich in der Längsrichtung der Wand des Tanks von dem ersten Bereich (11) in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs (12) der Wandung des Tanks vergrößert.
  15. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei der Übergangsbereich einen Elastizitätsmodul in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist, der in Längsrichtung der Wandung des Tanks von dem ersten Bereich (11) in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs (12) der Wandung des Tanks verringert.
  16. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 14, wobei sich der Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizient in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks in dem Übergangsbereich (14) von dem ersten Bereich (11) in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs (12) kontinuierlich fortschreitend vergrößert.
  17. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei ein Isoliermodul (7, 26) des Übergangsbereichs (14) einen Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41, 42) umfasst, der zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) auf der Fläche der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) des Isoliermoduls (7, 26) derart eingebracht ist, dass die Deckelplatte (10) des Isoliermoduls durch den Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41, 42) im Abstand zur Bodenplatte (9) gehalten wird, wobei der Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41) einen Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizienten in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist, der geringer ist als der Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizient in Dickenrichtung des Isolierstrukturschaums des zweiten Bereichs (12).
  18. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 17, wobei der Isolierstrukturschaum (41, 42) des Isoliermoduls (7) des Übergangsbereichs einen ersten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) und einen zweiten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (42) umfasst, wobei der erste Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) zum ersten Bereich (11) näher liegt als der zweite Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (42), wobei der erste Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) einen Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizienten in Dickenrichtung des Tanks aufweist, der geringer ist als der Wärmeschrumpfungskoeffizient des zweiten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitts (42) in Dickenrichtung.
  19. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei ein Isoliermodul (7, 26) des Übergangsbereichs (14) einen Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41, 42) umfasst, der zwischen der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) auf der Fläche der Deckelplatte (10) und der Bodenplatte (9) des Isoliermoduls (7, 26) derart eingebracht ist, dass die Deckelplatte (10) des Isoliermoduls (7, 26) durch den Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41, 42) im Abstand zur Bodenplatte (9) des Isoliermoduls gehalten wird, wobei der Isolierstrukturschaum (27, 41) einen Elastizitätsmodul in Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist, der größer ist als der Elastizitätsmodul in Dickenrichtung des Isolierstrukturschaums des zweiten Bereichs (12).
  20. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 19, wobei der Isolierstrukturschaum (41, 42) des Isoliermoduls (7) des Übergangsbereichs einen ersten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) und einen zweiten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (42) umfasst, wobei der erste Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) zum ersten Bereich (11) näher liegt als der zweite Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (42), wobei der erste Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) einen Elastizitätsmodul in Dickenrichtung des Tanks aufweist, der größer ist als der Elastizitätsmodul des zweiten Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitts (42) in Dickenrichtung.
  21. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 17 oder 19, wobei der Isolierstrukturschaum (41, 42) des Moduls (7) des Übergangsbereichs ein faserverstärkter Polyurethanschaum ist, wobei der erste Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (41) eine Orientierung der Fasern in einer Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks und der zweite Isolierstrukturschaumabschnitt (42) eine Orientierung der Fasern senkrecht zur Dickenrichtung der Wandung des Tanks aufweist.
  22. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 15, wobei die Dicke des ersten Abschnitts (41) von dem ersten Bereich (11) in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs (12) fortschreitend abnimmt und die Dicke des zweiten Abschnitts von dem ersten Bereich (11) in Richtung des zweiten Bereichs (12) fortschreitend zunimmt.
  23. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 20, wobei die Isoliermodule des Übergangsbereichs ein gemischtes Modul (30, 36) mit einer zwischen der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) angeordneten Zwischenplatte (34, 39) umfassen, wobei der Isolierfüller (8) einen zwischen der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und der Bodenplatte (9) angeordneten unteren Füller und einen zwischen der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und der Deckelplatte (10) angeordneten oberen Füller umfasst,
    wobei das gemischte Modul (30, 36) Stützstreben aufweist, die sich in einer Dickenrichtung der Wand des Tanks zwischen der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und einer der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckplatte (10) entfalten, wobei die Streben über die Fläche der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und der einen der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) derart verteilt sind, dass die Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und die eine der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) durch die Stützstreben im Abstand zueinander gehalten werden,
    wobei der zwischen der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und der anderen der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) einen Isolierstrukturschaum umfassen, der über die Fläche der Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und der anderen der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) derart verteilt ist, das Zwischenplatte (34, 39) und die andere der Bodenplatte (9) und der Deckelplatte (10) durch den Isolierstrukturschaum im Abstand gehalten werden.
  24. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 23, wobei die Zwischenplatte (39) sich in einer zur Bodenplatte (9) und zur Deckelplatte (10) geneigten Ebene erstreckt.
  25. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 23 oder Anspruch 24, wobei die Zwischenplatte (39) von einer Kante des gemischten Moduls (36) entfernt ist, das sich in der Nähe eines des ersten Bereichs (11) und des zweiten Bereichs (12) befindet.
  26. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25, wobei die primären Dichtungsmembranen und die sekundären Dichtmembranen im Wesentlichen aus Metallbändern gebildet sind, die sich in Längsrichtung erstrecken und hochgezogene Kanten aufweisen, wobei die hochgezogenen Kanten der beiden benachbarten Metallbänder paarweise derart verschweißt sind, dass Dehnungsfugen gebildet werden, die eine Verformung der Dichtungsmembran in einer zur Längsrichtung senkrechten Richtung erlauben, wobei die Ecke des Tanks einen primären Verankerungsflügel (23) und einen sekundären Verankerungsflügel aufweist, wobei ein erstes Ende der Verankerungsflügel (23) an der Trägerkonstruktion (6) verankert ist und ein zweites Ende der Verankerungsflügel (23) mit der entsprechenden Dichtungsmembran abdichtend verschweißt ist.
  27. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach Anspruch 26, wobei die primäre Dichtungsmembran Riffelungen aufweist, die sich senkrecht zu den hochgezogenen Kanten erstrecken und in dem ersten Bereichs (11) angeordnet sind.
  28. Abgedichteter und wärmeisolierender Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25, wobei die sekundäre Dichtungsmembran (2) im Wesentlichen aus Metallbändern gebildet ist, die sich in Längsrichtung erstrecken und hochgezogene Längskanten aufweisen, wobei die hochgezogenen Kanten der beiden benachbarten Metallbänder paarweise derart verschweißt sind, dass Dehnungsfugen gebildet werden, die eine Verformung der Dichtungsmembran in einer zur Längsrichtung senkrechten Richtung erlauben, wobei die Ecke des Tanks einen primären Verankerungsflügel (23) und einen sekundären Verankerungsflügel aufweist, wobei ein erstes Ende des Verankerungsflügels (23) an der Trägerkonstruktion (6) verankert ist und ein zweites Ende des Verankerungsflügels (23) mit der entsprechenden Dichtungsmembran abdichtend verschweißt ist und wobei primäre Dichtungsmembran (4) geriffelte Metallplatten umfasst.
  29. Schiff (70) für den Transport eines flüssigen Kühlprodukts, wobei das Schiff einen Doppelrumpf (72) und einen in dem Doppelrumpf angeordneten Tank nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 28 aufweist.
  30. Transportsystem für eine flüssiges Kühlprodukt, das System umfassend ein Schiff (70) nach Anspruch 29, isolierte Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81), die derart angeordnet sind, dass der in dem Schiffsrumpf installierte Tank mit einer schwimmenden oder landgestützten Lagereinrichtung (77) und einer Pumpe zum Treiben eines flüssigen Kühlproduktflusses durch die isolierten Rohrleitungen von einer schwimmenden oder landgestützten Lagereinrichtung zu dem Tank des Schiffes oder von dem Tank des Schiffes zu einer schwimmenden oder landgestützten Lagereinrichtung.
  31. Verfahren zum Beladen oder Entladen eines Schiffes (70) nach Anspruch 29, wobei ein flüssiges Kühlprodukt durch die isolierten Rohrleitungen (73, 79, 76, 81) von einer schwimmenden oder landgestützten Lagereinrichtung zu dem Tank des Schiffes oder von dem Tank des Schiffes zu einer schwimmenden oder landgestützten Lagereinrichtung befördert wird.
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FR2987099B1 (fr) * 2012-02-20 2015-04-17 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une piece d'angle
FR2991748B1 (fr) * 2012-06-11 2015-02-20 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
FR2996520B1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-10-24 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant une membrane metalique ondulee selon des plis orthogonaux
FR3000042B1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2015-01-23 Gaztransp Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
FR3002515B1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2016-10-21 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Paroi de cuve comportant un element traversant
FR3008164B1 (fr) * 2013-07-02 2016-10-21 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante de stockage d'un fluide
FR3008765B1 (fr) 2013-07-19 2017-05-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Structure d'angle pour cuve isolante et etanche
FR3016619B1 (fr) * 2014-01-17 2016-08-19 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante comportant des bandes metalliques
FR3026459B1 (fr) 2014-09-26 2017-06-09 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et isolante comportant un element de pontage entre les panneaux de la barriere isolante secondaire
JP6611806B2 (ja) * 2014-11-21 2019-11-27 フォイト パテント ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング トランスミッション及びトランスミッション付きターボ機械
FR3030014B1 (fr) 2014-12-15 2017-10-13 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Bloc isolant convenant pour realiser une paroi isolante dans une cuve etanche
FR3035174B1 (fr) * 2015-04-15 2017-04-28 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve equipee d'une paroi presentant une zone singuliere au travers de laquelle passe un element traversant
FR3038690B1 (fr) * 2015-07-06 2018-01-05 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante ayant une membrane d'etancheite secondaire equipee d'un arrangement d'angle a toles metalliques ondulees
JP6062510B2 (ja) 2015-09-04 2017-01-18 ジャパンマリンユナイテッド株式会社 液化ガスタンクの保冷構造、液化ガスタンク及び浮体構造物
FR3042253B1 (fr) * 2015-10-13 2018-05-18 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Cuve etanche et thermiquement isolante
JP2017160951A (ja) 2016-03-08 2017-09-14 川崎重工業株式会社 液化ガスタンクの防熱構造およびそれを用いた液化ガスタンク
FR3052534B1 (fr) * 2016-06-10 2018-11-16 Hutchinson Ensemble a ponts thermiques contraries

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FR3072760A1 (fr) 2019-04-26
AU2018353475A1 (en) 2020-04-30
US20200309322A1 (en) 2020-10-01
SG11202003487YA (en) 2020-05-28
RU2753857C1 (ru) 2021-08-24
FR3072758B1 (fr) 2019-11-01
EP3698079A1 (de) 2020-08-26
AU2018353475B2 (en) 2024-04-11
FR3072758A1 (fr) 2019-04-26
CN111417816A (zh) 2020-07-14
JP7082662B2 (ja) 2022-06-08
JP2021500511A (ja) 2021-01-07
MY200787A (en) 2024-01-15
EP3698079C0 (de) 2025-12-17
CN111417816B (zh) 2021-12-28
FR3072760B1 (fr) 2019-11-01
US11480298B2 (en) 2022-10-25
PH12020550867A1 (en) 2021-05-17
KR102614343B1 (ko) 2023-12-15
KR20200083496A (ko) 2020-07-08
ES3064820T3 (en) 2026-04-29

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