EP3742106B1 - Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile - Google Patents

Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3742106B1
EP3742106B1 EP20171082.9A EP20171082A EP3742106B1 EP 3742106 B1 EP3742106 B1 EP 3742106B1 EP 20171082 A EP20171082 A EP 20171082A EP 3742106 B1 EP3742106 B1 EP 3742106B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
penetrator
cylindrical part
substantially cylindrical
main body
projectile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20171082.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3742106A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Berg
Michael Gowin
Tobias Schmidt
Lutz BÖRNGEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Publication of EP3742106A1 publication Critical patent/EP3742106A1/fr
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Publication of EP3742106B1 publication Critical patent/EP3742106B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
    • F42B12/10—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge
    • F42B12/16—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with shaped or hollow charge in combination with an additional projectile or charge, acting successively on the target

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit, in particular a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile, comprising a one-piece, solid main body with a projectile tip.
  • DE 37 23 909 A1 discloses a penetrator for a projectile having a fin.
  • Sub-caliber penetrators are used to engage armored targets such as main battle tanks.
  • An example of this type of massive penetrator is the Rheinmetall DM53/DM63 mass-produced bullet.
  • penetrators Various approaches to increasing the performance of penetrators have already been proposed in the past, such as two-part penetrators, so-called bayonet penetrators, special penetrator tips that serve to optimize the so-called biting behavior of the penetrator, or active penetrator segments that are intended to initiate a reactive pre-module first.
  • EP 2 372 295 B1 discloses a stepped profile penetrator having an internal bore extending along the two stepped portions of the penetrator, an explosive charge being disposed within the bore and the wall of the penetrator being of substantially equal thickness over this region.
  • This penetrator is not suitable for fighting a main battle tank with reactive armor, but serves to penetrate a thin wall and cause an explosion with the greatest possible fragmentation effect.
  • the document DE 40 22 821 A1 discloses a sub-caliber slug having a high aspect ratio and designed to penetrate targets having multiple armor. To ensure this, there is a predetermined breaking point in the area of the tip so that the tip can break off. This type of projectile is intended to combat multi-plate targets.
  • the document DE 195 04 840 B4 discloses a multi-part penetrator which, in addition to a core, has a high-strength metal sleeve which is positively and non-positively connected to the core and is arranged around the core and which is released from the core when it hits the target.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a penetrator which is designed to penetrate a target with reactive preliminary armor.
  • a penetrator for a projectile with a tail unit in particular a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile, is provided according to claim 1.
  • a use of such a penetrator or a penetrator developed as described below is provided for attacking an armored target with reactive armor, in particular a tank with reactive armor.
  • a projectile with a sabot and a tail unit comprising such a penetrator or a penetrator further developed as described below is provided.
  • a solid, one-piece main body within the meaning of the invention means that inside the main body, in particular inside the front and the rear, essentially cylindrical parts are formed, but rather that the main body is solid. Furthermore, the main body is not composed of different components, but is an integrally formed member.
  • Substantially cylindrical in the sense of the invention means that the front and the rear part of the main body have a largely cylindrical shape.
  • the rear part of the main body in particular may also have threads or grooves formed on or in it for attaching a sabot to the main body of the penetrator.
  • the penetrator hits the pre-module, a particularly large diameter is not required in this first phase of penetration, since the pre-module is not very thick. Consequently, the front part of the main body of the penetrator according to the invention can be made small in diameter.
  • the front part of the main body serves only to initiate the explosive charges of the pre-module.
  • the mass saved hereby can either be used to increase the diameter of the rear part of the main body or the rear part of the main body can be lengthened.
  • the aim is for the rear part of the main body to develop the greatest possible penetration in the main target.
  • the smaller diameter of the main body in the front part of the main body weakens the flexural rigidity of the main body in this area.
  • the front part of the main body breaks off intentionally at the reactive pre-module.
  • the remaining part of the penetrator is decoupled from the rear plate of a reactive pre-module.
  • the main body of the penetrator is less deflected and the terminal ballistic performance in the subsequent main target is significantly increased.
  • the design of the penetrator according to the invention also makes it possible to attack targets with reactive armor.
  • Another advantage of the penetrator according to the invention is that there are no moving parts.
  • the front part of the main body can be optimally adjusted to the reactive targets to be combated.
  • the penetrator is preferably used to attack an armored target, in particular a tank with reactive armor.
  • the front, essentially cylindrical part of the main body breaks off from the rear, essentially cylindrical part of the main body at a defined point and in a defined manner. This can prevent the rear, essentially cylindrical part of the main body from being deflected by a front module due to an indifferent break-off behavior.
  • a transition area is formed between the front and rear, essentially cylindrical part, which has the predetermined breaking point.
  • Such a transition area can be designed, for example, as a truncated cone in order to form a diameter transition from the front, essentially cylindrical part to the rear, essentially cylindrical part of the main body.
  • transition area can also be designed in such a way that its design influences the fracture behavior of the main body.
  • the predetermined breaking point is designed as a constructive notch.
  • the predetermined breaking point is realized by forming the transition area from a material with lower strength and/or higher brittleness than the front cylindrical part and/or the rear cylindrical part of the main body.
  • the transition region can be made of a material that is 30% less strong than the base material of the main body.
  • the predetermined breaking point is realized in that the transition area has an increased brittleness achieved by mechanical surface treatment.
  • the transition area can be influenced by a special heat treatment, so that this area is brittle and thus reacts more sensitively to stresses than the rest of the main body.
  • the penetrator is formed from a tungsten heavy metal.
  • Tungsten heavy metals are defined in the material standard ASTM B777-07.
  • a local modification of the material composition can also influence the mechanical fracture behavior in the transition area.
  • the ratio between tungsten and the other components of the tungsten heavy metal, such as iron, nickel and/or cobalt can be adjusted for the required mechanical properties.
  • the diameter ratio of the rear, essentially cylindrical part to the front, essentially cylindrical part is in a range from 2.0 to 3.5, in particular in a range from 2.0 to 3.0.
  • the length ratio of the rear, essentially cylindrical part to the front, essentially cylindrical part is in a range of 10 to 1.5, preferably 8 to 2, in particular 6 to 3.
  • the length of the front, essentially cylindrical part of the main body correlates with the thickness of the first plate of a reactive pre-module.
  • the penetrator of the present invention provides improved mass deployment due to the relatively long and relatively light front portion of the main body and the relatively long and heavy rear portion of the main body.
  • the length I of the front, essentially cylindrical part is determined according to the formula I ⁇ 2*b/cos( ⁇ ), where b is the thickness of a first plate of a pre-target and ⁇ is the angle of inclination a surface normal of the first plate of the pre-target with respect to a longitudinal axis of the penetrator.
  • the thickness and angle of the plates of a pre-target of reactive armor can be assumed to be known, since they can also be determined with sufficient accuracy by enemy tanks, for example by evaluating recordings or using other findings.
  • the pre-target is a reactive pre-target, such as reactive armor.
  • the front, essentially cylindrical part has higher strength values and/or greater hardness than the rear, essentially cylindrical part.
  • the tip may be formed from the same material as the main body of the penetrator or from a different material to ensure initiation of the reactive pre-module.
  • the transition area from the front, essentially cylindrical part of the main body to the rear, essentially cylindrical part of the main body depends on the fracture behavior of the tungsten heavy metal.
  • the fracture behavior when the penetrator hits the first plate can be controlled.
  • transition region can be designed in such a way that the front substantially cylindrical part of the main body breaks off at the point at which the explosive has been initiated. This prevents the main body of the penetrator from being permanently disturbed.
  • the transition area can be designed as a cone. However, other geometric shapes of the transition area are also conceivable.
  • the transition area can be provided with notches or sharp-edged transitions and thus influence the fracture behavior.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a penetrator 1 according to the invention.
  • the penetrator 1 is designed for a projectile with a tail unit, in particular a sub-caliber kinetic energy projectile.
  • the penetrator comprises a one-piece solid main body 10 with a projectile tip 11.
  • the main body 10 has a front, generally cylindrical portion 12 and a rear, generally cylindrical portion 14 .
  • the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 adjoins the projectile tip 11 and has a length l.
  • the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 adjoins the front, essentially cylindrical part and has a length L.
  • the rear substantially cylindrical part 14 of the main body has a diameter D which is larger than the diameter d of the front substantially cylindrical part 12.
  • a predetermined breaking point 15 is formed between the front and the rear, essentially cylindrical parts 12 , 14 .
  • the predetermined breaking point 15 is designed as a sharp-edged diameter transition between the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 with the smaller diameter d and the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 with the large D. Due to the large notch effect associated with the sharp transition in diameter, the predetermined breaking point 15 is designed as a constructive notch 15 .
  • a rear area 16 adjoins the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 of the main body 10 .
  • the rear area 16 is designed so that the tail unit of the projectile can be attached to it.
  • the diameter ratio D/d of the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 to the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 is in a range from 1.5 to 4.0, preferably in a range from 2.0 to 3.5, in particular in one Range from 2.0 to 3.0.
  • the length ratio L/I of the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 to the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 is in a range of 10 to 1.5, preferably 8 to 2, in particular 6 to 3.
  • the second to fourth embodiment according to Figures 2 to 4 are each based on the first embodiment of the invention with the difference that a transition region 13 is formed between the front and rear essentially cylindrical parts 12, 14.
  • the transition area 13 has the predetermined breaking point 15 .
  • the predetermined breaking point 15 can be realized in that the transition area 13 is made of a material with a lower strength and/or higher brittleness than the front cylindrical part 12 and/or the rear cylindrical part of the main body 10.
  • the predetermined breaking point 15 can also be realized in that the transition area 13 has an increased brittleness achieved through mechanical surface treatment.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a penetrator 1 according to the invention.
  • the transition region 13 between the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 of the main body 10 and the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 of the main body 10 is designed as a truncated cone, so that there is a smooth transition between the diameter d of the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 of the main body 10 and of the diameter D in the rear substantially cylindrical part 14 of the main body 10 is formed.
  • the transition region 13 has the predetermined breaking point 15, which is designed as a constructive notch.
  • the transition region 13 there is a reduction in cross section compared to the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 .
  • This reduction in cross section can be in the form of a groove or a notch.
  • the transition region 13 has the predetermined breaking point 15, which is designed as a constructive notch.
  • the transition area 13 a uniform diameter transition, which is designed as a truncated cone.
  • the predetermined breaking point 15 is preferably formed in front of the cut-off cone, so that this is retained after the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 has been broken off, and the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 therefore has a further tip, which allows the rear, essentially cylindrical part 14 to break off better penetrate the main target after breaking off the front substantially cylindrical part.
  • the disclosure of the penetrator 1 applies in the same way to the penetrator 1 as well as to the projectile that includes such a penetrator 1 .
  • figure 5 12 shows a schematic representation of a penetrator according to the invention and a first plate P of a pre-target.
  • the length I of the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 is determined according to the formula I ⁇ 2*b/cos( ⁇ ).
  • b is the thickness of a first plate P of a pre-target
  • ⁇ is the angle of inclination of a surface normal of the first plate P of the pre-target relative to a longitudinal axis of the penetrator 1.
  • the pre-target is preferably a reactive pre-target of reactive armor.
  • the thickness b and angle ⁇ of the plates of a pre-target of reactive armor can be assumed to be known, since they can also be determined with sufficient accuracy by enemy tanks, for example by evaluating recordings or using other findings.
  • the angle ⁇ can be 68°, for example, and the thickness d of a plate of a pre-target can be 25 mm.
  • the length I of the front, essentially cylindrical part 12 is then at least 134 mm and the length L of the rear, essentially cylindrical part is approximately 620 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Pénétrateur (1) pour un projectile avec un empennage, en particulier un projectile perforant sous-calibré, comprenant un corps principal (10) massif monobloc avec une pointe de projectile (11),
    dans lequel le corps principal (10) comprend une partie avant et une partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (12, 14), dans lequel la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (12) se raccorde à la pointe de projectile (11) et dans lequel la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (14) présente un diamètre (D), qui est supérieur au diamètre (d) de la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (14), caractérisé en ce que le rapport des diamètres (D/d) de la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique sur la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique se situe dans une plage de 1,5 à 4.
  2. Pénétrateur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'un point de rupture (15) est conçu entre la partie avant et la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (12, 14).
  3. Pénétrateur (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'une zone de transition (13), qui présente le point de rupture (15), est conçue entre la partie avant et la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (12, 14).
  4. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le point de rupture (15) est conçu sous la forme d'une encoche à structure.
  5. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le point de rupture (15) est réalisé du fait que la zone de transition (13) est conçue à partir d'un matériau avec une rigidité inférieure et/ou une fragilité inférieure à la partie avant cylindrique (12) et/ou la partie arrière cylindrique du corps principal (10).
  6. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le point de rupture (15) est réalisé du fait que la zone de transition (13) présente une fragilité accrue obtenue par traitement superficiel mécanique.
  7. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des diamètres (D/d) de la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (14) sur la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (12) se situe de préférence dans une plage de 2,0 à 3,5, en particulier dans une plage de 2,0 à 3,0.
  8. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le rapport des longueurs (L/l) de la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (14) sur la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (12) se situe dans une plage de 10 à 1,5, de préférence 8 à 2, en particulier 6 à 3.
  9. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la longueur 1 de la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (12) est déterminée selon la formule I ≥ 2*b/cos(α), dans lequel b est l'épaisseur d'une première plaque (P) d'une pré-cible et α est l'angle d'inclinaison d'une normale à la surface de la première plaque (P) de la pré-cible par rapport à un axe longitudinal du pénétrateur (1).
  10. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la partie avant sensiblement cylindrique (12) présente des valeurs de rigidité plus élevées et/ou une dureté plus élevée que la partie arrière sensiblement cylindrique (14).
  11. Pénétrateur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le pénétrateur est conçu à partir d'un métal lourd en tungstène.
  12. Utilisation du pénétrateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 pour combattre une cible blindée avec un blindage réactif, en particulier un char, avec un blindage réactif.
  13. Projectile avec un sabot et un empennage comprenant un pénétrateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1-11.
EP20171082.9A 2019-05-20 2020-04-23 Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile Active EP3742106B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019113325.4A DE102019113325A1 (de) 2019-05-20 2019-05-20 Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3742106A1 EP3742106A1 (fr) 2020-11-25
EP3742106B1 true EP3742106B1 (fr) 2023-05-10

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EP20171082.9A Active EP3742106B1 (fr) 2019-05-20 2020-04-23 Pénétrateur, utilisation d'un pénétrateur et projectile

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EP (1) EP3742106B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019113325A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3742106T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102020116589A1 (de) 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss
DE102020120747A1 (de) 2020-08-06 2022-02-10 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator, Verwendung eines Penetrators und Geschoss

Family Cites Families (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3148472A (en) * 1962-06-11 1964-09-15 Edward N Hegge Subcaliber projectile and sabot for high velocity firearms
DE3314751A1 (de) * 1983-04-23 1984-10-25 L'Etat Français représenté par le Délégué Général pour l'Armement, Paris Spitzenkoerper fuer ein wuchtgeschoss
DE3723909C2 (de) * 1987-07-18 1994-12-08 Rheinmetall Gmbh Penetrator
DE3913454C1 (de) * 1989-04-24 2000-05-11 Deutsch Franz Forsch Inst Hochgeschwindigkeits-Wuchtgeschoß
DE3932383C2 (de) * 1989-09-28 1995-01-05 Rheinmetall Gmbh Geschoßkörper
DE3932952A1 (de) * 1989-10-03 1991-04-11 Rheinmetall Gmbh Wuchtgeschoss
DE4022821A1 (de) 1990-07-18 1992-01-23 Rheinmetall Gmbh Unterkalibriges wuchtgeschoss
DE4028410C2 (de) * 1990-09-07 1995-09-07 Rheinmetall Ind Gmbh Verfahren zum Umarbeiten unterkalibriger Wuchtgeschosse
DE19504840B4 (de) 1995-02-14 2006-03-23 Rheinmetall W & M Gmbh Geschoß mit einem in einer Metallhülle angeordnetem Penetrator
US6012393A (en) * 1995-08-17 2000-01-11 State Of Israel-Ministry Of Defense, Rafael-Armamient Dieve Asymmetric penetration warhead
FR2958392A1 (fr) 2010-03-30 2011-10-07 Nexter Munitions Penetrateur a energie cinetique a profil etage.
US8985026B2 (en) 2011-11-22 2015-03-24 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Penetrator round assembly
FR2987891B1 (fr) * 2012-03-06 2014-09-26 Nexter Munitions Projectile sous calibre a structure de tete amenagee
DE102015117018A1 (de) 2015-10-06 2017-04-06 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator sowie unterkalibriges Geschoss

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Publication number Publication date
DE102019113325A1 (de) 2020-11-26
EP3742106A1 (fr) 2020-11-25
PL3742106T3 (pl) 2023-09-18

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