EP3743228A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue

Info

Publication number
EP3743228A1
EP3743228A1 EP18701752.0A EP18701752A EP3743228A1 EP 3743228 A1 EP3743228 A1 EP 3743228A1 EP 18701752 A EP18701752 A EP 18701752A EP 3743228 A1 EP3743228 A1 EP 3743228A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
shaped
wheel
spoke
bowl
radschüsselvorform
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18701752.0A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3743228B1 (fr
Inventor
David Pieronek
Rolf Dams
Werner STRICK
Stéphane GRAFF
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
ThyssenKrupp AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG, ThyssenKrupp AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Publication of EP3743228A1 publication Critical patent/EP3743228A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3743228B1 publication Critical patent/EP3743228B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00—Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/26—Making other particular articles wheels or the like
    • B21D53/32—Making other particular articles wheels or the like wheel covers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D35/00—Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00
    • B21D35/001—Shaping combined with punching, e.g. stamping and perforating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a wheel dish for a vehicle wheel having an interior area with a wheel area, in which wheel bolt holes are provided with a Radschraubenlochgeometrie and / or a Radschraubensitz Chemistry, an outdoor area with a Radschadorelappen for connection to a rim and a the outer and inner area connecting center area.
  • Vehicle wheels or motor vehicle wheels are safety components and must therefore be able to withstand the high mechanical and dynamic cyclical loads during ferry operation.
  • Conventional "steel wheels” in sheet metal design consist of a wheel bowl (wheel disc), which ensures the connection to the wheel hub and a rim (rim tape), which receives the tire.
  • the wheel components are nowadays manufactured on step presses in several steps (up to eleven steps) by cold forming (deep drawing, flow forming, profiling).
  • step presses in several steps (up to eleven steps) by cold forming (deep drawing, flow forming, profiling).
  • microalloyed steels structural steel, fine grained steel
  • dual-phase steels with a strength of 400 to 600 MPa have been used.
  • the joining technique used is preferably an MAG weld in combination with a press connection (deep-bed rim).
  • the weight of the vehicle wheels has a disproportionate effect as a rotationally moving mass on the energy consumption of the vehicles as well as on the unsprung masses. Therefore, in general, the lowest possible vehicle wheel weight should be aimed at ideally high rigidity.
  • Compared to conventionally produced vehicle wheels further lightweight construction potential can be tapped with steel, if on the one hand material with higher strength or fatigue strength for safe recording of operating loads is used, and on the other geometrical adjustments, such as stampings to compensate for stiffness losses due to lower material thicknesses can be implemented. With increasing material strength, however, the cold workability of conventional steels (carbon steel) usually decreases, which is almost exhausted even in today's wheeled dishes.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for the production of Rad bowls for steel wheels, as well as a corresponding method for the production of Vehicle wheels that provide greater design freedom, rigidity, weight reduction, durability and safety.
  • the inventors have found that the processing capabilities, especially in the direct hot forming of wheel disks, are not sufficient to produce in particular design-optimized and / or spoke-shaped wheel disks with acceptable sheet thinning. For this reason, it is proposed to provide a substantially planar board made of a hardenable steel material (steel sheet) cold-formed into a bowl-shaped preform, optionally with the bowl-shaped preform being punched before, during or after its manufacture, the bowl-shaped preform into a spoke-shaped wheel bowl - cold-forming the preform, optionally perforating the spoke-shaped wheel-shell preform before, during or after its manufacture, then heating the spoke-shaped wheel-bowl preform to a temperature of at least A Cl , then hot-forming or forming it with at least partial press-hardening.
  • a hardenable steel material steel material
  • the wheel bolt geometry and / or the wheel bolt seat surface of the wheel bolt holes are formed and / or calibrated during hot forming.
  • the hot forming of the spoke-shaped Radschüsselvorform takes place a molding and / or calibration of Radschraubenlöcher, wherein under formation generating a substantially conical or spherical Radschraubensitz Structure, which in particular for receiving a bolt or screw for releasably connecting the vehicle wheel to a wheel carrier, especially in connection with a massive forming of Radschraubenloches to understand.
  • the massive forming a generated at the edge of the Radschraubenlochs substantially chamfer is generated, with the required Force for massive forming and formability during hot forming compared to cold forming is lower.
  • the microstructure begins to convert to austenite and, in particular, is completely austenitic when the temperature A C3 is exceeded.
  • the spoke-shaped Radschüsselvorform is heated to a temperature of at least A C3 , so that there is a substantially austenitic structure in the entire component.
  • AQ and Ac 3 are characteristic values which are dependent on the composition (alloy constituents) of the steel material used and can be taken from so-called ZTA or ZTU diagrams.
  • the at least partial press-hardening preferably takes place in a tool in which hot-forming is carried out, the tool consisting, for example, of at least two tool parts, in particular at least one upper and at least one lower tool part, wherein at least one region in which the press-hardening is implemented is to be cooled, in particular actively cooled, so that a rapid cooling by contact with the tool part, in particular with its tool surface / -wirk Structure, is effected to austenite in a hard structure, which in particular predominantly martensite and / or bainite may have convert.
  • the required cooling rates can also be taken from the ZTU diagrams, depending on the desired microstructure.
  • hot forming is meant in particular a transfer of the spoke-shaped wheel bowl preform into the desired final geometry (desired geometry) of the wheel disc.
  • a final component with final mechanical properties and at least partially predominantly martensitic and / or bainitic microstructure of the wheel disc is provided. If required, the wheel disc can also be completely press-hardened.
  • Calibration means in particular, suitable measures which bring about the improvement in the dimensional accuracy or the maintenance of tolerances. Even a “pure” press hardening is conceivable.
  • the cold-forming of the bowl-shaped preform into the spoke-shaped Radschdorflvorform by die-cutting takes place in at least one tool having at least a first tool part and at least a second tool part.
  • the bowl-shaped preform is placed on the second tool part,
  • the outer region of the bowl-shaped preform is at least partially positively in contact with the outer region of the second tool part, in particular its tool surface / -wirk Structure.
  • the first tool part may correspond to an upper tool part and the second tool part to a lower tool part of the tool.
  • the outer area of the spoke-shaped wheel dish preform to be produced is between the outer areas the two tool parts, in particular their tool surfaces / -wirk vom, held positively and / or non-positively. Due to the positive and / or non-positive contact in the outer area, a material flow / displacement can be prevented or inhibited to the outside, so that a targeted displacement of the material or a material flow from outside to inside, in particular in the critical Radschdorfl Complex can be done.
  • the bowl-shaped preform can be made into the spoke-shaped wheel bowl preform by stretch and / or deep drawing.
  • At least one hole is introduced before, during or after the production of the bowl-shaped preform or the spoke-shaped wheel bowl preform.
  • a center hole is introduced before, during or after the production of the bowl-shaped preform.
  • the center hole serves not only for the later centering of a finished vehicle wheel during assembly to a vehicle-side wheel carrier, but also allows a relief of the material during cold forming to a spoke-shaped Radschdorflvorform, especially in the formation of the inner region of the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform.
  • a circumferential around the center hole collar is turned off, in particular to to increase the contact area between the wheel disc and the wheel carrier or its hub.
  • a plurality of ventilation holes and / or a plurality of wheel bolt holes are introduced before, during or after the production of the spoke-shaped wheel-shell preform, in particular before hot-forming.
  • existing tools can be used and trimming or punching is not integrated in the hot forming tool so as not to unnecessarily increase the complexity of the hot forming tools and the process control.
  • the ventilation holes are introduced in such a way that results in a spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform respectively Radschadorel.
  • the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform respectively the wheel are non-rotationally symmetrical.
  • an at least partially circumferential collar around the ventilation hole is turned off during the hot forming, whereby the component stiffness can be increased and edge crack tendency during operation can be reduced.
  • a collar running around the center hole can be turned off and / or calibrated if the collar has not yet been produced in the course of the cold forming to form the wheel disc preform.
  • the dimensional accuracy and shape tolerance can be improved by the hot forming.
  • the hot forming takes place with at least partial press hardening in one working stroke. Due to the concentration of hot forming with at least partial press hardening in one tool, lower investment costs are incurred compared to several tools or operating stages.
  • the outer region of the bowl-shaped preform or the outer region and / or the inner region of the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform is molded close to the final contour.
  • the outer region of the bowl-shaped preform or the outer region and / or the inner region of the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform substantially corresponds to the outer region and / or inner region of the finished or final Radschadorel. This has the advantage that a subsequent trimming can be omitted, in particular on the finished or final wheel.
  • a component edge in particular the outer region of the bowl-shaped preform or the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform be pulled in particular with a remaining flange, wherein in a downstream Operation by forming and / or trimming the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform respectively Radschadorel can be converted into the final geometry.
  • the press hardening takes place at least in the wheelbase area of the wheel bowl. If a predominantly martensitic and / or bainitic structure is present at least in the wheelbase area of the wheel disc, this advantageously leads to a high cyclic flexural fatigue strength in the region of critical failure and enables high preload forces of the wheel bolts or bolts, which has a particularly positive effect on the operational stability.
  • the press hardening can take place on the entire wheel dish or in sections, for example only on the inside area or on the interior area and middle area of the wheel bowl, depending on the design of the vehicle wheel.
  • the outer region of the wheel bowl is not fully or not press-hardened, so that in particular the Radschüsselappen learns when joining preferably by welding no loss of hardness in the weld or in the formed heat affected zone, since a so-called hardening bag acts as a metallurgical notch and Thus, a safe operating strength of the vehicle could not be guaranteed.
  • the bowl-shaped preform and / or the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform and / or the Radschadorel a trimming and / or at least partially reshaping, in particular a at least partially calibrated be subjected.
  • a trim is made on the bowl-shaped preform to remove, for example, excess material left over during cold working.
  • the cold forming of the substantially planar board into a bowl-shaped preform can be produced, for example, by deep-drawing and / or stretch-drawing methods.
  • the bowl-shaped preform can also be produced by rolling, in particular by pressure-rolling.
  • An advantage of the spin forming is that material, in particular additional material can be placed at defined locations, especially for follow-up operations.
  • the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform or Radschadorel may alternatively or additionally be at least partially reshaped, for example, calibrated to meet tolerance requirements.
  • Either the trimming and / or the post-forming takes place or takes place in the tool for producing the spoke-shaped wheel-shell preform or in the hot-forming tool or in a separate tool.
  • a trimming of the wheel can also be done by laser.
  • suitable hardenable steel materials conventional manufacturing roads of the wheel manufacturers can continue to be used and cost associated with individual components for thehariradherzan be produced because the hardenable steel materials in their delivery state respectively cold processing state have moderate strengths comparable to the previously conventionally used steel materials and thereby have comparable suitable forming properties, which are particularly suitable for cold (pre-) forming the wheel disc.
  • the potential of hardenable steel materials has not yet been exhausted after (cold) shaping.
  • the provided, hardenable steel material can be a hot-forming steel or tempered steel, in particular grade C22, C35, C45, C55, C60, 42CrMo4, a manganese-containing steel, in particular grade 8MnCrB13, 16MnB5, 16MnCr5, 20MnB5, 22MnB5, 30MnB5, 37MnB4, 37MnB5 , 40MnB4, a case steel, an air-hardening steel or a multi-layer steel composite material, for example, with three steel layers in which at least one of the layers is curable, be.
  • the steel material used has a carbon content of at least 0, 10 wt .-%, in particular of at least 0, 15 wt .-%, preferably of at least 0.22 wt .-% to.
  • the invention provides a method for producing a vehicle wheel, comprising the steps of: providing a wheel dish produced according to the invention; Providing a rim cold-formed from a steel material; Undetachable connection of the rim with the wheel disc.
  • the wheel is connected via the Radschdorflappen cohesively and in particular with additional adhesion to the rim.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel disc according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic sectional view (along the line II),
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view along the line ll-ll during the
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic partial section prior to the shaping and / or calibration of the wheel bolt geometry and / or the wheel bolt seat surface of a wheel bolt hole during hot forming with at least partial press hardening
  • FIG. 4 shows a diagrammatic partial section before the production of a collar which extends at least partially around a ventilation hole during hot forming with at least partial press hardening
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic perspective view of a wheel and bowl
  • FIG. 6 shows a method sequence of a method for producing a vehicle wheel.
  • FIG. 1 shows a process sequence of a method for producing a wheel disc d ""), cf. 5, for a vehicle wheel having an inner region (2) with a wheel contact area (2.1) in which wheel bolt holes (2.3) with a wheel bolt hole geometry and / or a wheel bolt seat surface (2.31) are provided, an outer area (3) with a Radschadorelappen (3.1) for connection to a rim and a the outer and inner regions (2, 3) connecting center region (4) according to an embodiment of the invention in a schematic perspective view.
  • a thickness-adapted board in particular a tailored product, for example a tailored welded blank or a pressed-rolled board, of a suitable hardenable steel material (steel sheet), wherein the steel material used has a carbon content of at least 0, 10 wt .-%, in particular of at least 0, 15 wt .-%, preferably of at least 0.22 wt .-%, takes place in the first step by cold forming, in particular by a gravure and / or Streckziehclar by suitable means (tool) one or more stages or alternatively by a spin forming, not shown, the production of a bowl-shaped preform (G).
  • a suitable hardenable steel material steel material
  • the bowl-shaped preform (G) can already have an outer area (3), in particular have a Radschadorelappen (3.1), which corresponds to the outer region (3) and the Radschadorellappen (3.1) of the finished Radschadorel (1 ""), wherein the Radschadorellappen (3.1) forms the contact surface to a rim, not shown, via which a compound, in particular a material and preferably non-positive connection between Radschadorel (1 "") and rim is generated.
  • the bowl-shaped preform (12) is preferably transferred by die-cutting into a spoke-shaped wheel-shell preform (1 "), see FIG. 2. Die-cutting takes place in at least one tool (10) having at least one first tool part (11) and at least one second tool part (12).
  • a hole (5) in particular a center hole can be introduced prior to insertion into the tool (10).
  • the hole (5) can be introduced in a separate, not shown tool or in the course of cold forming the bowl-shaped preform () or before the cold forming in the planar board (1).
  • the bowl-shaped preform (12) is placed on the second tool part (12), in particular the outer area (3) of the bowl-shaped preform (G) is in form-locking contact with the outer area (12.2) of the second tool part (12) at least in regions, in particular its tool surface / -wirk Applications.
  • the outer region (3) of the spoke-shaped wheel-shell preform (1 ") to be produced between the outer regions (11.2, 12.2) of the two tool parts (11, 12), in particular their tool surfaces / surfaces, is shaped. and / or non-positively held.
  • a material flow or a material displacement can be prevented or inhibited to the outside, so that targeted a displacement of the material or a material flow, symbolized by the arrows of outside to the inside, in particular in the critical Radschdorfl Complex can be done.
  • the spoke-shaped Radschüsselvorform (1 ") is formed in the bottom dead center of the tool (10).
  • a circumferential collar (2.2) has been turned off.
  • means may be integrated, not shown, with which a plurality of ventilation holes (4.1) and a plurality of wheel bolt holes (2.3) in the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform (1 ") can be introduced.
  • the holes (2.3, 4.1) can alternatively be introduced in a separate, not shown trimming / punching tool.
  • the ventilation holes (4.1) have preferably been introduced such that a spoke-shaped and in particular non-rotationally symmetrical Radschadorelvorform (1 "') has resulted.
  • the perforated Radschadorelvorform (1 "') is heated, for example in an oven, not shown, to a temperature of at least Ac3, so that there is a substantially austenitic structure throughout the component.
  • the use of other suitable heat sources is also conceivable.
  • the heat-treated spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform (1 "') is placed in a hot forming tool (20) and formed by closing the hot forming tool (20) to final geometry or formed.
  • the hot forming tool (20) consists of at least two tool parts, in this embodiment, for example, four tool parts, an upper tool part (21), in the tool part (21) integrated punch-shaped tool part (24) and two lower tool parts (22, 23).
  • the lower tool parts (22, 23) can be moved or moved separately from each other, for example, the tool part (22) can also be rigid.
  • the lower tool parts (22, 23) can also be formed in one piece.
  • the tool part (23) is provided with means (23.1), in particular with fluid lines close to the tool-part surface through which a fluid flows and actively cools the tool part (23).
  • the tool parts (21, 22, 24) are made of materials and / or have on their tool surfaces / -wirk moral, which are in contact with the Radschadorelvorform (1 "'), a coating on which a rapid cooling, especially in the central region (4) and / or preferably in the outer region (3) of the spoke-shaped Radschadorelvorform (1 "') prevent or the tool parts (21, 22, 24) can be actively tempered by suitable means not shown, so that in this or in these areas in As a result of the hot forming, an undershooting of the M s - Temperature (martensite start) is substantially avoided to exclude a transformation into a structure of predominantly martensite and / or bainite.
  • FIG. 6 shows a method sequence for producing a vehicle wheel.
  • a wheel dish (1 "" produced according to the invention and a rim which is cold-formed from a steel material (A, B).
  • the rim is inextricably connected to the wheel disc (1 "") (C), particularly preferably cohesively and in particular with additional frictional connection via the Radschdorfllappen (3.1) connected to the rim.
  • Sophisticated designs can be implemented with the method according to the invention for the production of wheels for vehicle wheels, without running the risk of critical sheet thinning at an early stage.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue (1"") pour une roue de véhicule, le disque de roue présentant une zone intérieure (2) pourvue d'une zone d'appui (2.1) de roue, dans laquelle sont ménagés des trous (2.3) de vis de roue présentant une géométrie de trous de vis de roue et/ou une surface d'assise (2.31) de vis de roue, une zone extérieure (3) pourvue d'une patte (3.1) de disque de roue pour la liaison à une jante et une zone centrale (4) reliant la zone extérieure et intérieure (2.3). En outre, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'une roue de véhicule.
EP18701752.0A 2018-01-25 2018-01-25 Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue Active EP3743228B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2018/051797 WO2019145032A1 (fr) 2018-01-25 2018-01-25 Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3743228A1 true EP3743228A1 (fr) 2020-12-02
EP3743228B1 EP3743228B1 (fr) 2023-06-07

Family

ID=61054409

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18701752.0A Active EP3743228B1 (fr) 2018-01-25 2018-01-25 Procédé de fabrication d'un disque de roue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3743228B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN111655394B (fr)
WO (1) WO2019145032A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115229047A (zh) * 2022-07-21 2022-10-25 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 一种后轮罩内板冲压方法

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DE102023125819A1 (de) * 2023-09-22 2025-03-27 Thyssenkrupp Ag Umformverfahren und Umformvorrichtung mit Blechkantenarretierung für rotationssymmetrische Blechplatinen und damit hergestellte Radschüssel

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JP4572157B2 (ja) * 2005-11-01 2010-10-27 本田技研工業株式会社 ねじ成形方法及びねじ成形装置
US7587825B2 (en) 2006-02-01 2009-09-15 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Method for producing a wheel disc
US7559145B2 (en) * 2006-02-01 2009-07-14 Hayes Lemmerz International, Inc. Method for producing a wheel disc
DE102006044269B4 (de) * 2006-09-20 2009-09-10 GM Global Technology Operations, Inc., Detroit Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Fahrzeugrades
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CN115229047A (zh) * 2022-07-21 2022-10-25 上汽通用五菱汽车股份有限公司 一种后轮罩内板冲压方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3743228B1 (fr) 2023-06-07
CN111655394A (zh) 2020-09-11
CN111655394B (zh) 2022-04-01
WO2019145032A1 (fr) 2019-08-01

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