EP3765792A1 - Dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones - Google Patents

Dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones

Info

Publication number
EP3765792A1
EP3765792A1 EP19766636.5A EP19766636A EP3765792A1 EP 3765792 A1 EP3765792 A1 EP 3765792A1 EP 19766636 A EP19766636 A EP 19766636A EP 3765792 A1 EP3765792 A1 EP 3765792A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
orifice
air
primary air
inlet
distributor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19766636.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3765792B1 (fr
EP3765792C0 (fr
EP3765792A4 (fr
Inventor
Michal HALADA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bh Property SRO
Original Assignee
Blaze Harmony SRO
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Blaze Harmony SRO filed Critical Blaze Harmony SRO
Publication of EP3765792A1 publication Critical patent/EP3765792A1/fr
Publication of EP3765792A4 publication Critical patent/EP3765792A4/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3765792B1 publication Critical patent/EP3765792B1/fr
Publication of EP3765792C0 publication Critical patent/EP3765792C0/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
    • F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
    • F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L13/00—Construction of valves or dampers for controlling air supply or draught
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L3/00—Arrangements of valves or dampers before the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/06—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air into the fire bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/002—Regulating air supply or draught using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/007—Regulating air supply or draught using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/003—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties
    • F23N5/006—Systems for controlling combustion using detectors sensitive to combustion gas properties the detector being sensitive to oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/026—Supply of primary and secondary air for combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using solid fuels; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23B2900/00001—Combustion chambers with integrated fuel hopper
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2235/00—Valves, nozzles or pumps
    • F23N2235/02—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers
    • F23N2235/06—Air or combustion gas valves or dampers at the air intake

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a solid fuel heater with three-zone combustion air supply, in particular firewood gasification boilers.
  • the most advanced solid fuel heaters are equipped with a three-zone (or three-stage) combustion air supply - i.e., secondary air, lower primary air, and upper primary air.
  • Secondary air is admitted to the flame in the nozzle (an orifice, connecting upper fuel area, and bottom overfire area). Secondary air accomplishes combustion of inflammable gaseous elements of the flame - i.e., secondary combustion.
  • Lower primary air is supplied to the glowing fuel layer situated at the lower part of the fuel area.
  • Lower primary air accomplishes transformation of solid fuel into gaseous elements - i.e., primary combustion (or gasification) in the lower fuel layer.
  • Lower primary air defines output of the heater.
  • Upper primary air is supplied above the fuel layer in the upper part of the fuel area. Upper primary air increases intensity of primary combustion - by growth of the glowing layer. Upper primary air facilitates combustion of fuels with low mass burning rate (large pieces, soft or wet wood). Accelerates heating-up. Sometimes is also referred to as the pre-drying air.
  • Upper primary air and lower primary air are usually introduced through one common vent (of the primary air), at the inlet of which is also mounted the controlling element (damper), controlled either manually or by the electrically-driven boiler regulator depending on the output requirements (a signal emitted by flue gas sensors and water temperature sensors).
  • said common vent is divided into upper primary air vent and lower primary air vent.
  • said common vent (of the primary air) ends behind refractory metal sheet lining, installed on the side walls of the fuel area. Subsequently, a part of the primary air behind the lining flows upwards as the upper primary air, another part of the primary air behind the lining flows downwards as the lower primary air.
  • the equipment burning pellets is known from the Chinese document CN 204005952 U, containing combustion air supply, inlet and outlet orifices of primary, secondary and tertiary air, whereas said primary air, as well as secondary and tertiary air supplies, run in the separate piping lines i.e., vents.
  • Mentioned independent vents are designed to contain the first inlet orifice of the lower primary air and second inlet orifice of the upper primary air, whereas the lower primary air between the first inlet orifice and lower outlet orifice runs in the independent vent of the lower primary air and upper primary air between the second inlet orifice and upper outlet orifice runs in the independent vent of the upper primary air.
  • the summary of the technical design is that the damper, mounted on the arm, is assigned to each inlet orifice of supplies of primary air and secondary air, whereas the arm is attached to the shaft, whereas inlet orifices are equipped with their common moving orifice.
  • the preference of the invention is that it enables, in a simple manner, by movement of the orifice 5, to achieve any required ratio of all three types of air (secondary, upper primary, and lower primary) and, consequently, to optimally adjust the heater to effective combustion of various fuels as well as immediate combustion condition.
  • One electric drive is sufficient to control air supply ratios, whereas design of existing boilers demands two electric drives. I.e., another preference includes simplicity, and the consequent lower price, and higher reliability.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic representation of the heater - front view FIG. 2 Cross-section“A-A” of the heater, shown in Fig. 1
  • FIG. 3 Schematic axonometric (3D) projection view on air distributor; controlling orifice not shown for clarity.
  • FIG. 4 Schematic front view on the air distributor with the orifice in the position with a balanced supply of secondary air and lower primary air, burning normal fuel with standard mass burning rate (e.g., dry logs).
  • FIG. 5 Schematic front view on the air distributor with the orifice in the position with a maximum supply of secondary air, burning fuel with high mass burning rage (e.g., dry wooden chips).
  • FIG. 6 Front view on the air distributor with the orifice in the position with a maximum supply of upper primary air, burning fuel with low mass burning rate (e.g., wet or large logs).
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the heater 100 - a gasification boiler for manual loading of wood, with the fuel area 1 in the upper and overfire area 7 in the lower part.
  • the combustion air distributor 4 shaped as a cuboid, containing three mutually separated chambers, is located on the frontal face of the heater 100.
  • Each of these chambers has circular inlet orifices in the front wall to supply combustion air; the first inlet orifice 14.1 is intended for lower primary air supply, second inlet orifice 14.2 is intended for upper primary air supply, and the inlet orifice 14.3 is intended for secondary air supply.
  • Inner faces of inlet orifices 14.1 , 14.2 and 14.3 are equipped with round dampers 13, each of them is attached to the curved arm 7; all three arms 7 are tightly connected to the shaft 8, located outside of the distributor 4. Both ends of the shaft 8 are positioned in the couple of revolving fitments 6.
  • Arm geometry 7 is designed in a manner that common center of gravity of arms 7 and dampers 13 in all operating positions, i.e., from closed to fully opened, is located on the right side from the axis of rotation of the shaft 8, so as the dampers 13, when closed, are in their rest position by effects of gravity.
  • Rectangular, in horizontal direction moving, orifice 5 with the couple of rectangular controlling orifices 15, is located on the front surface of the distributor 4 (moving orifice 5 highlighted as a shaded surface).
  • the orifice 5 contains an elongated central slot 18, located horizontally in the middle of the orifice 5, facilitating entry of arms 7 and defining the minimum size of restriction of surface of the inlet orifices 14.1. 14.2, 14.3.
  • the orifice 5 provides achievement of the requested ratio of individual types of the air for all existing operating conditions (heating-up, combustion, burning-out) and all possible fuels (high mass burning rate, standard, low mass burning rate).
  • the function of the heater 100 is as follows: combustion air flows into the inlet orifices 14.1 , 14.2 and 14.3 of the distributor 4, using for example an FD fan. A blow of air swings out the dampers 13 with the arms 7 inside the distributor 4. The relative proportion of quantity of the air flowing through the individual inlet orifices 14.1 , 14.2 and 14 3 is defined by position of the orifice 5 through its controlling orifices 15.
  • the shaft 8, connecting the arms 7, identically slightly turns said arms 7 and all three dampers 13 are opened identically. Position of the orifice 5, shown in Fig.
  • Another alternative position of the orifice 5, shown in Fig. 5, defines flows of individual types of air as follows: secondary air reaches the maximum flow of ca. 85% at the inlet orifice 14.3. whereas flows of lower and upper primary types of air at the inlet orifices 14.1 and 14.2 are only minimal, defined by the surface of the central slot 18 of the orifice 5, i.e., ca. from 5 to 10%.
  • the orifice 5 is in such a position in case of already flaming up boiler, burning fuel with high mass burning rate (such as dry wooden chips).
  • FIG. 6 Another alternative position of the orifice 5, shown in Fig. 6, defines flows of individual types of air in a way that the upper primary air reaches the maximum flow of ca. 60% at the second inlet orifice 14 2.
  • Flow of the lower primary air at the first inlet orifice 14 1 is partly limited, reaching ca. 30%, and flow of the secondary air at the inlet orifice 14.3 is minimal as the flow is defined by the surface of the central slot 18 of the orifice 5, reaching ca. 10%.
  • the orifice 5 is in such a position in case of heated up or already flaming up boiler, burning fuel with low mass burning rate (such as wet or large logs).

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones, qui contient l'orifice de sortie inférieur (16) de l'air primaire inférieur, l'orifice de sortie supérieur (11) de l'air primaire supérieur, l'orifice de sortie (12) et l'orifice d'entrée (14.3) de l'air secondaire, tandis que l'air secondaire entre l'orifice d'entrée (14.3) et l'orifice de sortie (12) s'écoule dans l'évent indépendant (9) ; en outre, il contient le premier orifice d'entrée (14.1) de l'air primaire inférieur et le second orifice d'entrée (14.2) de l'air primaire supérieur, tandis que l'air primaire inférieur entre le premier orifice d'entrée (14.1) et l'orifice de sortie inférieur (16) s'écoule dans l'évent indépendant (10) et l'air primaire supérieur entre le second orifice d'entrée (14.2) et l'orifice de sortie supérieur (11) s'écoule dans l'évent indépendant (3). Le clapet d'air (13), fixé au bras (7), est affecté à chaque orifice d'entrée (14.1, 14.2 et 14.3), tandis que le bras (7) est relié à l'arbre (8), tandis que les orifices d'entrée (14.1, 14.2 et 14.3) sont équipés de leur orifice mobile commun (5). Les orifices d'entrée (14.1, 14.2 et 14.3) sont situés sur le distributeur (4), fixé sur le côté externe du dispositif de chauffage (100), tandis que l'arbre (8) est situé à l'extérieur dudit distributeur (4).
EP19766636.5A 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones Active EP3765792B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CZ2018-122A CZ2018122A3 (cs) 2018-03-12 2018-03-12 Topidlo na pevná paliva s třípásmovým přívodem spalovacího vzduchu
PCT/CZ2019/000013 WO2019174655A1 (fr) 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3765792A1 true EP3765792A1 (fr) 2021-01-20
EP3765792A4 EP3765792A4 (fr) 2021-12-22
EP3765792B1 EP3765792B1 (fr) 2024-06-12
EP3765792C0 EP3765792C0 (fr) 2024-06-12

Family

ID=67060191

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19766636.5A Active EP3765792B1 (fr) 2018-03-12 2019-03-11 Dispositif de chauffage à combustibles solides ayant une alimentation en air de combustion à trois zones

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3765792B1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ2018122A3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3765792T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2754480C1 (fr)
UA (1) UA124798C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019174655A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ310671B6 (cs) * 2023-01-20 2026-04-15 Leopold Benda Ohniště spalovacího zdroje na pevná paliva, zejména zplyňovacího teplovodního kotle na dřevo

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ309513B6 (cs) * 2022-01-03 2023-03-15 Blaze Harmony S.R.O. Zplyňovací topidlo na pevná paliva s paprskovitou tryskou
DE102022102197A1 (de) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 Kutzner + Weber Gmbh Verteilersystem zum Steuern der Zufuhr von Luft an einen Ofen
BE1030034B9 (fr) * 2022-05-19 2023-07-26 Jide Mécanisme manuel d'admission d'air dans la chambre de combustion d'un brûleur pour combustible solide
WO2025230782A1 (fr) * 2024-04-22 2025-11-06 Aprovecho Research Center Systèmes d'alimentation en air pour la combustion de combustibles de biomasse chargés par lots
WO2026074092A1 (fr) * 2024-10-04 2026-04-09 Jt International Sa Appareil d'orientation d'écoulement pour four de séchage de tabac

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1092897A (fr) * 1977-09-16 1981-01-06 Arun K. Mehta Methode de combustion d'un combustible
NL8301598A (nl) * 1983-05-06 1984-12-03 Eduard Thomas Jacobus Van Der Warmtegenerator.
DK2085694T3 (en) 2008-01-30 2018-09-03 Ihs Innovation Aps Electronically controlled woodburning stove and control method therefore
DE102009012905B3 (de) * 2009-03-12 2010-01-21 Global Mind Network Gmbh Verfahren zur Regelung der Leistung eines Festbrennstoffofens und Ofen mit einer entsprechenden Leistungsregelung
FR2945105B1 (fr) * 2009-04-30 2011-07-29 Brisach Dispositif de commande de l'alimentation en air d'un poele
LV14670B (lv) * 2013-01-30 2013-06-20 Ludzas Bio-Enerģija, Sia Granulu sadedzināšanas iekārta
CN204005952U (zh) * 2014-07-17 2014-12-10 山东驰域环保科技有限公司 生物质颗粒燃料燃烧器
GB201509093D0 (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-07-08 Furbank Julian A regulator for a heater
RU2661516C2 (ru) * 2016-09-06 2018-07-17 Евгений Николаевич Абакумов Твердотопливный газогенераторный котёл

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CZ310671B6 (cs) * 2023-01-20 2026-04-15 Leopold Benda Ohniště spalovacího zdroje na pevná paliva, zejména zplyňovacího teplovodního kotle na dřevo

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
UA124798C2 (uk) 2021-11-17
CZ307859B6 (cs) 2019-07-03
EP3765792B1 (fr) 2024-06-12
EP3765792C0 (fr) 2024-06-12
WO2019174655A1 (fr) 2019-09-19
PL3765792T3 (pl) 2024-09-16
RU2754480C1 (ru) 2021-09-02
EP3765792A4 (fr) 2021-12-22
CZ2018122A3 (cs) 2019-07-03

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