EP3798413A1 - Soupape de commande pour un moteur à vapeur, moteur à vapeur comportant une soupape de commande ainsi qu'installation de production combinée électricité-chaleur comportant le moteur à vapeur - Google Patents

Soupape de commande pour un moteur à vapeur, moteur à vapeur comportant une soupape de commande ainsi qu'installation de production combinée électricité-chaleur comportant le moteur à vapeur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3798413A1
EP3798413A1 EP19200418.2A EP19200418A EP3798413A1 EP 3798413 A1 EP3798413 A1 EP 3798413A1 EP 19200418 A EP19200418 A EP 19200418A EP 3798413 A1 EP3798413 A1 EP 3798413A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
valve seat
valve body
control valve
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19200418.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3798413B1 (fr
Inventor
Robert Duschl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RD Estate GmbH and Co KG filed Critical RD Estate GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP19200418.2A priority Critical patent/EP3798413B1/fr
Publication of EP3798413A1 publication Critical patent/EP3798413A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3798413B1 publication Critical patent/EP3798413B1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B29/00—Machines or engines with pertinent characteristics other than those provided for in preceding main groups
    • F01B29/08—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines not otherwise provided for
    • F01B29/10—Engines
    • F01B29/12—Steam engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L23/00—Valves controlled by impact by piston, e.g. in free-piston machines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/08—Valves guides; Sealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant
    • F01L3/085—Valve cages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/22—Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group; Fixing of valve-seats

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a control valve for a steam engine such as a steam engine that performs mechanical work using steam as its working fluid. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to a control valve for a piston-type vapor engine, which is preferably used in the generation of electrical power. The present disclosure further relates to a steam engine having the aforementioned control valve and a combined heat and power plant having the steam engine.
  • CHP systems have long been established as an advantageous alternative to the conventional combination of local heating and central power plants.
  • CHP systems are used to generate electrical energy and useful heat; in particular, CHP systems are preferably operated on site or in the vicinity of the useful heat sink.
  • Combustion engines such as diesel or Otto engines, Stirling engines, steam engines, internal combustion turbines or steam engines, for example, can be used as the drive for the power generator.
  • Well-known steam engines such as the one in WO 2016/146159 A1 described, which are used in particular for power generation, however, have the disadvantage that, for example, a relatively high leakage occurs during a cold start. This is particularly due to the fact that the steam (superheated steam or live steam) injected into the steam engine is injected into the piston chamber at a pressure of 40 bar to 150 bar in a relatively short time and acts there for a long time, which places high demands on the piston ring seal separates the water vapor from the lubricating oil in the crankshaft space or in the oil pan.
  • Such valves for controlling and / or regulating a fluid flow generally comprise a valve seat and a valve member which is mounted so as to be axially movable.
  • the valve member usually has a valve stem and a valve body at one end thereof.
  • a valve drive is also provided, which is connected directly or indirectly to the valve stem in a force-transmitting manner.
  • the valve body can be lifted off the valve seat in order to open the valve and a flow through the pipeline or the valve can be made possible.
  • the valve body In order to bring the valve into a closed position, the valve body is brought back into contact with the valve seat and thus blocks a fluid flow through the pipeline.
  • valves for controlling or regulating a fluid flow are known so far, which by means of a conical valve seat a simplified Should enable interaction of the valve body and the valve seat. In particular, the valve body is thereby guided into the valve seat, which should lead to reliable and low-wear closing even with high forces.
  • these valves do not give a satisfactory result at high temperatures and pressures.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a control valve for controlling and / or regulating a fluid flow, in particular a steam flow, in a steam engine which is able to reliably and permanently close despite the high temperatures and pressures present in the working cycle of a steam engine or to ensure shut-off of the valve, while simple manufacture and easy maintenance can be realized.
  • One of the basic ideas of the present disclosure is to create a defined contact surface, in particular an annular contact surface, between the valve body and the valve seat, with which reliable and permanent closing or blocking of the valve is ensured despite the high temperatures and pressures present in the working cycle of a steam engine can be realized while easy manufacturing and easy maintenance can be realized.
  • the present disclosure provides a control valve in which an easily definable and producible annular surface is implemented between a conical component and a flat component.
  • a control valve for controlling and / or regulating a fluid flow, in particular a steam flow, in a steam engine has: a valve seat, a valve body which is translationally guided along a central axis CA of the control valve and preferably counteracted by means of an elastic element the valve seat is acted upon by force, wherein the valve seat facing axial end of the valve body has a beveled surface towards the central axis of the valve body, whereby an annular contact surface with the valve seat is formed, or an axial end of the valve seat facing the valve body has a beveled surface towards the central axis of the valve seat, whereby an annular contact surface with the Valve body is formed.
  • axial can be understood here as being along the main axis of the valve member or of the valve drive or along the central axis of the control valve itself and corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the said elements.
  • the tapered surface of the valve seat or the valve body is tapered inwardly towards the central axis, whereby the annular contact surface is formed in the area of the outer circumference of the tapered surface, the central axis of the valve seat and / or the central axis of the valve body being parallel runs to the central axis CA, in particular is approximately aligned with this.
  • the term “inward” can be understood to mean that the surface is beveled in the direction of the material of the respective element, e.g. the valve body, whereby a depression is formed in the center of the valve body.
  • the surface of the valve body which faces the valve seat is funnel-shaped, that is to say has a conical shape.
  • the conical surface produced in this way and the contact surface connected to it can easily be brought back to size after any heat treatment that has been carried out, in particular hardening, which can be achieved, for example, by grinding.
  • the contact surface created in this way can also be easily restored by grinding after prolonged use and the associated wear and tear.
  • valve seat is formed by a valve seat disc which, at least in the area of the contact surface with the valve body, has a flat surface which is preferably oriented perpendicular to the central axis CA.
  • valve seat from a valve seat disc also has the advantage that it is easy to manufacture and restore. Furthermore, the valve seat can be exchanged in a simple manner in this way.
  • valve body has a projection on the axial end facing the valve seat, which projection is designed to interact in a force-transmitting manner with a valve drive in order to lift the valve body from the valve seat and thereby open the control valve, the valve drive and the Valve bodies are preferably formed decoupled.
  • a decoupling is to be understood here as meaning that the valve drive and the valve body can move relative to one another and independently of one another.
  • valve body is made of a tough material, for example HSS steel (high-speed steel or highly ligated tool steel), which preferably has an elongation at break of at least 5%, more preferably of at least 10%. It is also advantageous if at least one of the contact surfaces is plated. The contact surfaces are the top of the valve body, which comes into contact with the elastic element, the bottom of the valve body, which comes into contact with the valve drive, and the contact surface with the valve seat.
  • HSS steel high-speed steel or highly ligated tool steel
  • the plating is carried out using a build-up welding process such as, for example, plasma powder build-up welding, also called a PTA process.
  • a build-up welding process such as, for example, plasma powder build-up welding, also called a PTA process.
  • a build-up welding process such as, for example, plasma powder build-up welding, also called a PTA process.
  • nickel martensite, tungsten carbide or stellite or a cobalt-chromium hard alloy can be used as the coating material.
  • the contact surfaces thus provided with a wear protection coating are preferably ground.
  • a wear ring onto a base body of the valve body made, for example, of HSS steel, which is made, for example, of nickel martensite, tungsten carbide, stellite or a cobalt-chromium hard alloy or a composite of ceramic and metal.
  • the shrunk-on ring can then be provided with the beveled surface described above in order to form the annular contact surface between the valve seat and the valve body.
  • the valve seat or the valve seat disc is preferably made of a very hard, wear-resistant material that is shockproof. A tough core can be dispensed with because there is no bending stress (breaking stress).
  • the valve seat or the valve seat disc can also be made from a composite of ceramic and metal.
  • valve seat disc has an inner diameter which is at least large enough that the projection of the valve body and / or the valve drive in the axial direction, ie in the direction of the central axis CA, at least partially extend / protrude into the inner bore of the valve seat disc, preferably reach / stand through this, can / can.
  • the valve body is acted upon by steam pressure against the valve seat, and the elastic element only functions as a damper.
  • the spring force of the elastic element which presses the valve body against the valve seat, is set so that the valve only opens after a certain force has been applied by the valve drive, whereby opening the valve too early can be avoided. Targeted opening of the valve can thus be achieved.
  • the closing force of the control valve is regulated independently or automatically in this way.
  • the necessary closing forces of the control valve with the aid of which sufficient tightness / sealing of the control valve can be ensured, increase.
  • the vapor pressure of the working fluid is used directly in order to provide the necessary closing force of the control valve, the available closing force also increases with a higher working pressure.
  • live steam is to be understood as meaning steam / superheated steam which for example from a steam generator to a steam engine for operating the steam engine.
  • the live steam usually has pressures in the range from 40 to 140 bar and temperatures above 500 ° C.
  • the contact surface of the valve seat and / or the valve body is hardened, and the hardness of the valve body is preferably greater than the hardness of the valve seat. In this way, a sufficiently high hardness / strength of the contact surface can be ensured, which is necessary to be able to withstand the high surface pressure.
  • the annular contact surface between valve body and valve seat has a ring width of 0.2 mm to 3 mm, preferably 0.5 mm to 2 mm, more preferably 1 mm.
  • the present disclosure further relates to a steam engine, in particular a piston steam engine, which is preferably used for generating electrical power, comprising: at least one cylinder that encloses a working space, one in the working space between a top dead center OT and a bottom dead center UT along a central axis CA of the cylinder reciprocating piston, and the control valve described above, wherein the control valve is used to control and / or regulate a fluid flow, in particular a steam flow, which acts as the working fluid (flow) of the steam engine.
  • valve drive of the control valve is designed as a projection of the piston which is arranged at an upper end of the piston facing the control valve, the projection lifting the valve body from the valve seat when the piston is in the area / near the top dead center to open the control valve.
  • the projection has a conical shape which, in particular on the side facing the valve body, has a flat contact surface, in particular oriented perpendicular to the central axis CA. In this way, it is possible to form a circular contact surface between the valve body and valve drive and thus to reduce the surface pressure that occurs and the associated wear.
  • the contact surface of the valve drive is plated, in particular using a build-up welding process such as, for example, plasma powder build-up welding, also known as the PTA process.
  • the piston is provided with a concave recess on its upper side, into which the coating material is introduced by means of application welding and is then ground to a flat contact surface.
  • the coating material for example, nickel martensite, tungsten carbide or stellite or a cobalt-chromium hard alloy can be used as the coating material.
  • the steam engine has an antechamber which can be supplied with live steam from the outside, with the antechamber has an opening for introducing the live steam into the working space, and the opening can be opened and closed by the control valve.
  • valve body is designed in the form of a cylindrical plunger, which is movable in translation by an axial guide along the central axis CA of the control valve, which is preferably approximately aligned with a central axis CA of the cylinder 10, and preferably by the pressure of the live steam, which is acted upon on a side of the valve body facing away from the valve seat, is acted upon by force against the valve seat.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a combined heat and power plant that has a steam generator and the steam engine described above, the steam engine being coupled to a generator for generating electrical power.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant.
  • the CHP plant 100 shown consists of a steam generator 110 which is connected via a valve 180 to an inlet of a steam engine 1, 120 which drives a generator 130 to generate electricity.
  • a steam generator 110 which is connected via a valve 180 to an inlet of a steam engine 1, 120 which drives a generator 130 to generate electricity.
  • oil which, however, is mixed with the relaxed water vapor during operation of the steam engine 1, 120 and is output with it.
  • the expanded water vapor output from the steam engine 1, 120 has a relatively large amount of oil.
  • the steam engine 1, 120 is followed by a condenser 150 for condensing the relaxed water vapor, which has a pressure of approximately 0.15 bar and a temperature of approximately 55 ° C. when it leaves the steam engine 120.
  • the condensed water vapor which still contains a large proportion of oil, is fed or fed to a condensate suction pump (or circulation pump) 170, in particular a piston pump, via a water column 190, which increases the pressure of the condensed water vapor to approx sucked in by this.
  • the condensate suction pump increases the pressure of the condensed water vapor or of the oil-water mixture that is now present to approximately 1.50 bar and conveys the oil-water mixture to a device 140 for separating oil and water.
  • Fig. 1 can also be removed, the separated or separated oil is fed back to a crankshaft chamber of the steam engine or injected into the steam engine for fine sealing and the purified water is directed to a feed water tank 160, which the treated or purified water to the steam generator 110 again to generate steam Provides what the cycle is closed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a steam engine 1, which is equipped with a control valve 50 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steam engine 1 shown has a cylinder 10 which has an upper end 11 and a lower end 12. At the lower end 12, the cylinder 10 is connected to a crankcase 20.
  • Several outlet openings 13 are provided in the circumferential direction in the cylinder wall / working space wall 14 of the cylinder 10.
  • the outlet openings 13 connect a cylinder chamber or a working space 15 with an annular chamber 16 in order to let off or remove used steam from the working space 15.
  • the outlet openings 13 are arranged near a bottom dead center UT of a piston 30, which in the view shown is located at bottom dead center UT.
  • the piston 30 is translationally movable along a central axis CA of the cylinder 10 between the bottom dead center UT and a top dead center OT.
  • the piston 30 is connected to a crankshaft (not shown) that is accommodated in the crankcase 20 via a piston connecting rod or piston control rod (not shown).
  • the piston 30 has a sealing ring 31 at its lower end 32 and a plurality of sealing rings 31 at its upper end 33.
  • the engine further includes a cylinder head unit 40.
  • the cylinder head unit 40 has a first housing body 41 and a second housing body 42. Furthermore, in the First housing body 41, a pre-chamber (steam chamber) 44 is provided, which communicates with the working space 15 via an opening 43.
  • the opening can be opened and closed by means of the control valve 50, which has a valve seat 51 and a valve body 52, with which the inflow of live steam (superheated steam which is under high pressure) into the working space can be controlled.
  • live steam superheated steam which is under high pressure
  • valve body 52 is guided in a translatory manner along the central axis CA by means of an axial guide 55 and is acted upon or pressed against the valve seat 51 by force by an elastic element 54, which is implemented by a compression spring in the embodiment shown. Furthermore, fluid channels, not shown, are located in the second housing body 42, with which the valve body 52 can be exposed to the working fluid, ie the superheated steam, on its side facing away from the valve seat 51 in order to increase the closing force between the valve seat 51 and valve body 52 and thus a tight one Closing the opening 43 to ensure.
  • working fluid ie the superheated steam
  • valve body 52 has, on an end facing the valve seat 51, a surface 52A which is inclined inwardly towards a central axis of the valve seat 51 or towards the central axis CA, whereby the surface of the valve body 52 facing the valve seat 51 is funnel-shaped. In this way it is possible to realize a defined annular contact surface between the valve seat 51 and the valve body 52.
  • FIG. 13 shows an enlarged partial view of the schematic sectional illustration of FIG Figure 2 to the training of the To further clarify the control valve, in particular the valve seat 51 and the valve body 52.
  • the valve seat 51 is formed from a simple valve seat disc which is inserted into the first housing body 41. This makes it possible to simply replace the valve seat 41 after a long period of use and the associated wear and tear.
  • the valve seat 51 can be repaired for reuse by simply regrinding.
  • the inwardly beveled surface 52A forms with the plane which is defined by the contact surface between valve body 52 and valve seat 51 and in the Figure 3 is aligned horizontally, an angle of inclination ⁇ , which is in reality extremely flat, in a range of 0.5 ° to 1.5 °. To better illustrate the invention, however, the angle is shown much larger.
  • the valve body 52 has a projection 52B which is provided on the beveled surface 52A facing the valve seat 51 and projects into the opening 43.
  • the projection (valve drive 53) of the piston 30 has a spherical or curved surface / shape, whereby between the projection 52B of the valve body 52 and the projection of the Piston 30 a point-like contact point is realized and thus only forces in the axial direction, ie along the central axis CA, can be transmitted from the piston 30 to the valve body 52, but no transverse forces can be introduced into the valve body 52.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
EP19200418.2A 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Soupape de commande pour un moteur à vapeur, moteur à vapeur comportant une soupape de commande ainsi qu'installation de production combinée électricité-chaleur comportant le moteur à vapeur Active EP3798413B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19200418.2A EP3798413B1 (fr) 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Soupape de commande pour un moteur à vapeur, moteur à vapeur comportant une soupape de commande ainsi qu'installation de production combinée électricité-chaleur comportant le moteur à vapeur

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19200418.2A EP3798413B1 (fr) 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Soupape de commande pour un moteur à vapeur, moteur à vapeur comportant une soupape de commande ainsi qu'installation de production combinée électricité-chaleur comportant le moteur à vapeur

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EP3798413A1 true EP3798413A1 (fr) 2021-03-31
EP3798413B1 EP3798413B1 (fr) 2022-08-10

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115110999A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-09-27 何致远 蒸汽发动机
EP4245969A1 (fr) 2022-03-16 2023-09-20 RD Estate GmbH & Co. KG Moteur à vapeur

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1630750A (en) * 1925-06-15 1927-05-31 Krasno Philip Internal-combustion-engine valve
GB1163211A (en) * 1967-01-19 1969-09-04 Chadburns Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Dispensing Liquids Incorporating a Reciprocating Pump
US4050357A (en) * 1974-06-25 1977-09-27 Carter Sr J Warne Steam admission valve and variable clearance volume steam cylinder
JPS5999016A (ja) * 1982-11-29 1984-06-07 Komatsu Ltd 蒸気エンジンのインパルス弁
US4766924A (en) * 1986-12-08 1988-08-30 The Lee Company Pressure relief valve
DE3913351A1 (de) * 1989-04-22 1990-10-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Vorrichtung zur hilfsdruckerzeugung
WO2016146159A1 (fr) 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Aross 3D Gmbh Moteur à vapeur

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1630750A (en) * 1925-06-15 1927-05-31 Krasno Philip Internal-combustion-engine valve
GB1163211A (en) * 1967-01-19 1969-09-04 Chadburns Res & Dev Ltd Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for Dispensing Liquids Incorporating a Reciprocating Pump
US4050357A (en) * 1974-06-25 1977-09-27 Carter Sr J Warne Steam admission valve and variable clearance volume steam cylinder
JPS5999016A (ja) * 1982-11-29 1984-06-07 Komatsu Ltd 蒸気エンジンのインパルス弁
US4766924A (en) * 1986-12-08 1988-08-30 The Lee Company Pressure relief valve
DE3913351A1 (de) * 1989-04-22 1990-10-25 Teves Gmbh Alfred Vorrichtung zur hilfsdruckerzeugung
WO2016146159A1 (fr) 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Aross 3D Gmbh Moteur à vapeur

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4245969A1 (fr) 2022-03-16 2023-09-20 RD Estate GmbH & Co. KG Moteur à vapeur
WO2023174816A1 (fr) 2022-03-16 2023-09-21 Rd Estate Gmbh & Co. Kg Moteur à vapeur
US12535005B2 (en) 2022-03-16 2026-01-27 Rd Estate Gmbh & Co. Kg Steam engine
CN115110999A (zh) * 2022-06-24 2022-09-27 何致远 蒸汽发动机

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