Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
  • H01Q13/025—Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation
  • H01Q13/0258—Orthomode horns
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
  • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
  • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
  • H01P1/165—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation
  • H01P1/17—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation
  • H01P1/173—Auxiliary devices for rotating the plane of polarisation for producing a continuously rotating polarisation, e.g. circular polarisation using a conductive element
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/20—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
  • H01Q13/28—Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
  • H01Q15/24—Polarising devices; Polarisation filters 
  • H01Q15/242—Polarisation converters
  • H01Q15/244—Polarisation converters converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
  • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
  • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture

Definitions

• Radio frequency component comprising several waveguide devices provided with ridges
• the present invention relates to a radio frequency component comprising several waveguide devices provided with striations.
• Passive radiofrequency waveguide devices are already known in the prior art which make it possible to propagate and manipulate radiofrequency signals without using active electronic components. Passive waveguides can be divided into three categories
• Waveguides Devices based on guiding waves inside hollow metal channels, commonly called waveguides.
• the present invention relates in particular to components provided with devices according to the first category above.
• devices include waveguides as such, filters, polarizers, antennas, mode converters, etc. They can be used for signal routing, frequency filtering, separation or recombination of signals, transmission or reception of signals in or from free space, etc.
• the device can for example consist of a compact antenna, a polarizer, a waveguide, or a set of such elements connected in series.
• Antennas are elements which are used to emit electromagnetic signals in free space, or to receive such signals.
• Simple antennas, such as dipoles, have limited performance in terms of gain and directivity.
• Parabolic antennas allow higher directivity, but are bulky and heavy, which makes their use unsuitable in applications such as satellites for example, where weight and volume must be reduced.
• DRA direct radiation antennas generally combine several phase-shifted radiating elements (elementary antennas) in order to improve gain and directivity.
• the signals received on the various radiating elements, or emitted by these elements, are amplified with variable gains and out of phase with each other in order to control the shape of the reception and transmission lobes of the network.
• the different radiating elements are each connected to a waveguide which transmits the signal received in the direction of the radiofrequency electronic modules, respectively which supplies this radiant element with a radiofrequency signal to be transmitted.
• the signals transmitted or received by each radiant element can also be separated according to their polarization by means of a polarizer.
• Such an arrangement with several waveguide devices is also for example used in controlled antennas.
• Such striations make it possible, for example, to adapt the impedance of the devices to that of the other devices of the component, to manufacture more compact and therefore lighter devices with equivalent performance, to control the modes of transmission of electromagnetic signals in the striated device, and for example to avoid the transmission of undesirable modes or generating significant interference with adjacent devices.
• the arrangement of the stripes desired downstream of the device is however not always desired upstream, and vice versa.
• WO2015 / 134772 discloses in particular a sub-network of a radiofrequency component comprising several waveguide devices.
• This sub-array can include sixteen waveguide devices, which include sixteen septum polarizers, split waveguide ports, and radiating elements.
• the sixteen waveguide devices in the subnetwork are arranged in four rows.
• the septum polarizer of the first and third row waveguides has a first and same orientation while the septum polarizer of the third and fourth row waveguides has the same orientation but rotated 180 degrees. ° relative to the first orientation.
• septum polarizers are combined by a series of combiners in a common entry.
• the rotation of the septum polarizers makes it possible to have ports of the same polarization adjacent, so as to simplify the combiners.
• a major disadvantage of WO2015 / 134772 lies in the fact that the single-mode bandwidth is limited.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a radiofrequency component, for example a passive radiofrequency component intended to form the passive part of an antenna array or of a direct radiation array DRA, which offers more freedom to the designer in order to reduce the performance limitations of known radio frequency components.
• a radiofrequency component for example a passive radiofrequency component intended to form the passive part of an antenna array or of a direct radiation array DRA, which offers more freedom to the designer in order to reduce the performance limitations of known radio frequency components.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a radio frequency component with a higher bandwidth. Another object of the present invention is to provide a compact radiofrequency component.
• Another object of the present invention is to provide a radiofrequency component which makes it possible to discriminate more easily between the fundamental transmission mode and the first higher-order mode.
• a radiofrequency component comprising several waveguide devices, for example antennas or polarizers, arranged in an array and intended to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic signals , the radiofrequency component comprising several ridges, each waveguide device comprising:
• each waveguide device has no more and no less than three ridges.
• the use of three ridges in the downstream openings makes it possible to significantly increase the single-mode bandwidth of each waveguide device.
• the arrangement of the ridges in the openings upstream of the radio frequency component is different from the arrangement of the ridges in the openings downstream of the radio frequency component.
• the possibility of providing different ridges upstream and downstream allows to offer additional freedom during the design of the component, for example to modify the polarization and / or the phase shift of the signal inside a device. , or between different devices of the same component.
• the component may be a polarizer provided with a septum, for example a septum of variable height forming stepped steps.
• the septum allows for example to create a circular polarization. Septa can also be used to combine two orthogonal polarizations.
• the arrangement of the ridges in the downstream openings of the different devices can be different.
• the devices include antennas
• the arrangement of the striations upstream can be provided so as to facilitate coupling with the active electronic circuits.
• the arrangement of the streaks downstream can be different between the different antennas, so as to reduce the mutual coupling between signals transmitted or received by the different antennas.
• the number of ridges upstream of at least one device may be different from the number of ridges of the downstream opening of this device.
• the component can include one or more waveguides that are streaked downstream but not upstream.
• the angular space between the different ridges of the upstream opening of a device may be different from the angular space between the ridges of the downstream opening of this device.
• the component may include one or more waveguides whose upstream ridges are spaced apart by an angle a and whose downstream ridges are spaced apart by an angle b other than a.
• the component can comprise one or more devices provided with a curved ridge.
• a curved stripe makes it possible for example to rearrange the position of the stripes so as to position the stripes in a different manner between upstream and downstream.
• At least one of the curved ridges may have two curved walls but nevertheless parallel to each other.
• the height of at least one of the ridges can be constant.
• the height of at least one of the ridges can be variable.
• the height of at least one of the ridges of at least one said device can vary progressively over at least a portion of the length of this groove.
• At least one of the curved ridges may open into said downstream opening and into said upstream opening in radial planes.
• the radial position of the groove or ridges of the upstream opening of at least one said device may be different from the radial position of the three ridges of the downstream opening of this device.
• the external section of at least one said device can be identical upstream and downstream.
• each device has a single upstream opening and a single downstream opening.
• the radiofrequency component comprises a plurality of said devices, the upstream openings of the different devices being in a plane, the downstream openings of the different devices being in a second plane parallel to the foreground.
• the radiofrequency component comprises a plurality of said devices, each device comprising a waveguide and an antenna with an opening linked to this waveguide and intended to transmit and / or receive electromagnetic signals,
• each antenna defining a said downstream opening, each antenna comprising at least one internal wall provided with three ridges at the level of the downstream opening,
• This phase shift makes it possible for example to control interference between signals transmitted or received by adjacent antennas.
• the invention also relates to a radiofrequency component comprising an array of antennas, each antenna being at least partially surrounded by a rim in order to minimize the mutual coupling between antennas.
• the invention also relates to a radiofrequency component comprising an antenna array, said antennas gradually widening towards the downstream direction, forming several steps. This improves network performance in terms of return losses and bandwidth.
• the invention also relates to a radiofrequency component comprising a striated antenna array, the height of said striations gradually reducing towards the downstream direction forming several steps. This improves network performance in terms of return losses and bandwidth.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates the downstream face of a component comprising an antenna array with different orientations.
• Figure 2 illustrates a component provided with an array of circular aperture antennas, each antenna being striated.
• Figure 3 illustrates a component provided with an array of antennas with square aperture, each antenna being striated.
• Figure 4 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with a square or rectangular section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with four ridges downstream .
• Figure 5 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with an octagonal section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with four ridges downstream.
• FIG. 6 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with a circular section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with four ridges downstream.
• Figure 7 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with a square or rectangular section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with three ridges downstream .
• Figure 8 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with a hexagonal section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with three ridges downstream.
• FIG. 9 illustrates a section of a guide device according to one aspect of the invention, with an octagonal section, and forming two waveguides striated upstream converging into a single waveguide with three ridges downstream.
• Figures 10 to 12 illustrate different views of a waveguide device comprising a rearrangement of the ridges and a different number of ridges upstream and downstream, the ridges disappearing
• Figures 13 to 15 illustrate different views of a waveguide device comprising a rearrangement of the ridges and a different number of ridges upstream and downstream, the ridges being curved.
• Figure 16 illustrates an example of a component according to the invention, with radiating elements more spaced apart than the input ports
• Figure 17 illustrates an example of a component according to the invention, with radiating elements less spaced apart than the input ports
• Figure 18a illustrates the evolution of the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode and that of the first higher-order mode in a cylindrical waveguide without streak, respectively provided with 3 streaks, as a function of the height of the streak. .
• Figure 18b illustrates the relative single-mode bandwidth (defined as the ratio between the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode and that of the first higher-order mode) in a cylindrical waveguide without streak, respectively provided with 3 streaks, depending on the height of the streak.
• FIG. 19a illustrates the evolution of the cut-off frequency of the fundamental mode and that of the first higher-order mode in a cylindrical guide without ridges, respectively provided with 4 ridges, as a function of the height of the ridges.
• Figure 19b illustrates the relative single-mode bandwidth (defined as the ratio between the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode and that of the first higher-order mode) in a cylindrical guide without streak, respectively provided with 4 ribs, as a function of the height of the streak.
• FIG. 16 illustrates an example of component 1 comprising several waveguide devices 2.
• component 1 is a passive radiofrequency module intended to form the passive part of a direct radiation network DRA.
• the radiofrequency module 1 comprises a plurality of
• each device comprising for example four layers from the top of the figure downwards.
• the first layer at the top of the figure is constituted by a radiant element 30 (antennas) for transmitting electromagnetic signals in the ether, respectively for receiving the signals received.
• This layer is downstream of the component.
• the second layer comprises a waveguide 40.
• the third layer is optional; it can also be integrated into the second layer.
• the third layer comprises an element such as for example a polarizer or a section adapter.
• the fourth layer at the bottom of the figure comprises a waveguide port 60.
• Each port 60 constitutes an interface with an active element of the DRA such as an amplifier and / or a phase shifter, forming part of a beamforming network.
• a port thus makes it possible to connect a waveguide to an electronic circuit, in order to inject a signal into the waveguides or in the opposite direction to receive the signals.
• This module 1 is intended for use in a multibeam environment.
• the radiating elements are preferably close to each other, as in FIG. 17 in particular, so that the pitch p1 between two adjacent radiating elements is smaller than the wavelength at the nominal frequency for which the module 1 is intended. to be used. The amplitude of the secondary transmission and reception lobes is thus reduced.
• the pitch p1 between two adjacent radiating elements is greater than the pitch between two waveguide ports 60, which allows you to create a module with large antennas. It is also possible to use a module in which the pitch p1 between two adjacent radiating elements is equal to the pitch between two waveguide ports 60, or less than this pitch, as in FIG. 17, in order to
• the different devices 2 form a network, for example a matrix.
• the invention aims on the one hand to optimize each device 2 as such, and to optimize the component 1 by minimizing the disturbances between devices and / or by preventing the faults of the different devices from being added together.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates a component 1 seen from the downstream face, that is to say from the radiating elements (antennas) as waveguide devices 2.
• This component can be used for example as passive part of a DRA antenna similar to that shown in figure 16.
• the various devices 2 are arranged in a plane and form a matrix network or with positional phase shifts between lines as shown in this figure 1.
• the distance between adjacent devices is preferably less than the nominal wavelength l of the signal to be transmitted.
• the antenna devices shown in this example have a circular downstream opening. Their internal face 3 is provided with three ridges 23 spaced angularly by 120 ° and parallel to the direction of propagation of the signal.
• the use of three ridges in a waveguide with a circular, square or rectangular section has the advantage of promoting the transmission of the fundamental transmission mode, by accentuating the frequency difference between the fundamental mode and the first higher-order mode.
• FIG. 18a illustrates the evolution of the cutoff frequency of the fundamental mode and that of the first higher-order mode in a cylindrical waveguide without streak, respectively provided with 3 ribs, as a function of the height of the streaks.
• the abscissa scale represents the normalized ridge height and the ordinate scale represents the normalized frequency.
• the upper curve (dotted with solid squares) represents the frequency of the first upper mode as a function of the streak height h in a three-streak waveguide.
• the solid line curve with solid squares represents the frequency of the fundamental mode as a function of the height of the stripe h.
• the curve dotted with white circles represents the frequency of the first higher mode in a non-striated waveguide.
• the solid line with white circles represents the mode frequency
• the fundamental in a non-striated waveguide As can be seen, the frequency difference between the fundamental mode and the first higher mode is significantly greater in a cylindrical waveguide with three ridges than in a cylindrical waveguide not striated, which makes it possible to filter more easily. modes other than the fundamental mode.
• Figure 18b illustrates the normalized bandwidth BW in single-mode mode as a function of the normalized ridge height, for a waveguide with three ridges (curve with solid squares) and for a waveguide without ridges (curve with white circles).
• Figure 19a is comparable to Figure 18a, but illustrates the comparison between a cylindrical waveguide with four ridges (curves with black squares) and a cylindrical waveguide not striated (curves with white circles). As can be seen, the frequency difference between the fundamental mode (solid curve) and the first higher-order mode
• FIG. 19b illustrates the normalized bandwidth BW in single-mode mode as a function of the normalized ridge height, for a waveguide with four ridges (curve with solid squares) and for a waveguide without ridges (curve with white circles).
• the passband of a four-streak waveguide is only marginally better than that of a non-streak waveguide when the streak height is very low; for greater streak heights
• the bandwidth is lower in single-mode mode than that of a non-striated cylindrical waveguide, and even significantly lower than that of a three-striped waveguide as illustrated in FIG. 18b.
• Square, rectangular, hexagonal or octagonal section antennas can also be used.
• the number of ridges may be different from three although three ridges is a preferred embodiment in view of the advantages described above. All of the antennas or waveguide devices described in the rest of this description can in particular be implemented in place of the antennas illustrated in this figure.
• the different waveguide devices 2 are oriented differently, as seen with the position of the striations 23.
• the angles of rotation between devices can be regular or more random as in this example. These rotations allow to add up the imperfections specific to each antenna which
• FIGS 2 and 3 illustrate another component 1 comprising several antenna type waveguide devices 2, seen in perspective from the downstream side.
• the antennas 2 of Figure 2 have circular downstream openings while those of Figure 3 have square openings.
• sections can be envisaged, for example rectangular, hexagonal, octagonal, elliptical, semi-circular, semi-elliptical, etc. sections.
• the antennas are arranged in an array in a single plane, with a triangle arrangement; other arrangements, for example matrix arrangements, can be envisaged.
• One or more ribs form a rim 20 which at least partially surrounds each antenna. This rim reduces the mutual coupling between antennas 2, which makes it possible to improve the performance of the network.
• the antennas 2 have an opening whose section gradually widens towards the downstream direction, forming one or more steps 21. These steps make it possible to reduce return losses and improve performance in terms of bandwidth.
• the septum also forms the desired downstream polarization.
• the antennas 2 are provided with at least one septum 26 in order to generate respectively to discriminate between two signals with linear or circular polarizations orthogonal to each other.
• Each antenna can be provided with a plurality of septa to create one or two circular polarizations, or to combine two linear polarizations, which makes it possible for example to protect active antennas with linear polarizations. It is also also possible to provide antennas with several septa to create elliptical polarizations.
• Each antenna can be provided with one or more ridges 23, the height of which is gradually reduced in the downstream direction, forming one or more steps. These steps help reduce return losses and improve bandwidth performance.
• the antennas are provided with two ridges, two of which are curved, that is to say that they do not extend exclusively in radial planes.
• Figures 4 to 6 illustrate sections of waveguide device respectively square, octagonal and circular. Other sections, including hexagonal, elliptical, semicircular oval, or semi-elliptical sections may be used.
• These devices 2 can for example constitute polarizers and be used in isolation, or in a network in a component 1 of the DRA antenna type for example.
• the devices of these figures comprising two inlets 24, for example two upstream inlets, separated by a vertical septum 26 in the figure and juxtaposed to the left and to the right of this septum at the rear of the figure.
• a single outlet 25 is provided, for example an upstream outlet, at the front of the figure.
• the internal face 3 of each of the two inlets is provided with a single rib 23.
• the outlet 25 at the front of the figure is provided with three ribs 23 and a septum 26 spaced between them by 90 °.
• the two inputs can individually extend into a rectangular section waveguide with a groove.
• the output can be extended into a square section waveguide with four ridges, or be connected to a waveguide with this section.
• the device 24 makes it possible to generate two signals which after their passage through the septum will have two distinct polarities, or conversely to join two signals corresponding to the two polarities received.
• Figures 7 to 9 illustrate sections of waveguide device respectively square, hexagonal and circular. Other sections, including octagonal, elliptical, semicircular oval, or semi-elliptical sections may be used.
• These devices can for example constitute polarizers and be used in isolation, or in a network in a component of DRA antenna type for example.
• the devices of these figures comprising two inlets 24, for example two upstream inlets, separated by a vertical septum 26 in the figure and juxtaposed to the left and to the right of the device at the rear of the figure.
• a single outlet 25 is provided, for example an upstream outlet, at the front of the figure.
• Each of the two inlets is provided with a single rib 23.
• the outlet 25 at the front of the figure can be connected to a waveguide with three ribs spaced between them by 90 °. Both entrances can
• the device therefore constitutes a polarizer and makes it possible to join two signals of distinct polarity into a single signal combining the two polarities, or conversely to separate a signal into two signals of distinct polarity, and to be connected to striated waveguides.
• FIGS. 10 to 12 illustrate three views of a portion of a waveguide device of circular section; again, the section could be different and any of the other sections described in this application can also be implemented with this embodiment.
• the internal face 3 of the device is provided with a septum 26 in order to separate a signal into two polarizations, and with ridges 23, the height of which gradually decreases from the downstream end, until they completely disappear before the upstream end. Other striations 23 arise between the upstream end and the downstream end of the device, and see their height rise.
• This configuration makes it possible to replace an arrangement of ridges at the upstream end, for example four ridges spaced at 90 °, by another arrangement of ridges at the downstream end, for example three ridges spaced 120 ° apart. It is thus possible to modify the number of ridges and / or their angular spacing between the two ends, in order to connect them to waveguides or to other devices with suitable configurations of ridges.
• FIGS. 13 to 15 illustrate three views of a portion of a waveguide device of circular section; again, the section could be different and any of the other sections described in this application can also be implemented with this embodiment.
• the internal face 3 of the device is provided with a septum 26 in order to separate a signal into two polarizations, and with curved ridges 23, that is to say with ridges which instead of extending in a radial direction as in most of the examples described above are curved.
• This curved stripe has two walls which are not planar but nevertheless parallel to each other. It is also possible to provide a similar configuration but non-parallel strip faces.
• the same groove can thus open into different axial positions upstream and downstream, which makes it possible to modify the phases of the grooves, and / or their relative phase shifts.
• the devices 2 described individually in relation to Figures 4 to 15 can all be employed either individually or in connection with one or more waveguide devices connected upstream and / or downstream, and / or grouped together in a single component grouping together several devices of the same type, or of different type.
• These devices of FIGS. 4 to 15 can for example be used as an antenna, polarizer or waveguide between the active part of a component grouping together several antennas, and the individual antennas of this component.
• the features of these devices can be combined with each other; it is for example possible to provide devices provided with curved ridges and variable height.
• a radiofrequency component can for example be designed by grouping together several devices according to one of FIGS.
• these different devices can be oriented differently. In any case, the orientation of the ridges 23 on the downstream openings 25 may be different between the different devices 2 of such a component 1.

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• Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
• Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
• Waveguide Switches, Polarizers, And Phase Shifters (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-03-28 FR FR1903303A patent/FR3094575B1/fr active Active
• 2020
  • 2020-03-27 EP EP20716218.1A patent/EP3824511B1/de active Active
  • 2020-03-27 ES ES20716218T patent/ES3062013T3/es active Active
  • 2020-03-27 PL PL20716218.1T patent/PL3824511T3/pl unknown
  • 2020-03-27 CA CA3115092A patent/CA3115092C/en active Active
  • 2020-03-27 CN CN202080005201.4A patent/CN112714982B/zh active Active
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  • 2024-06-14 US US18/743,528 patent/US12294130B2/en active Active

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