EP3833701A1 - Composition de polyuréthane ayant une faible teneur en diisocyanates monomères - Google Patents

Composition de polyuréthane ayant une faible teneur en diisocyanates monomères

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Publication number
EP3833701A1
EP3833701A1 EP19746106.4A EP19746106A EP3833701A1 EP 3833701 A1 EP3833701 A1 EP 3833701A1 EP 19746106 A EP19746106 A EP 19746106A EP 3833701 A1 EP3833701 A1 EP 3833701A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moisture
composition
radical
monomeric
curing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19746106.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Schlumpf
Sven Reimann
Berzad DURMIC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sika Technology AG
Original Assignee
Sika Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sika Technology AG filed Critical Sika Technology AG
Publication of EP3833701A1 publication Critical patent/EP3833701A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/08—Processes
    • C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/302—Water
    • C08G18/307—Atmospheric humidity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/32—Polyhydroxy compounds; Polyamines; Hydroxyamines
    • C08G18/3225—Polyamines
    • C08G18/3253—Polyamines being in latent form
    • C08G18/3256—Reaction products of polyamines with aldehydes or ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
    • C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
    • C08G18/48—Polyethers
    • C08G18/4833—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units
    • C08G18/4837—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units
    • C08G18/4841—Polyethers containing oxyethylene units and other oxyalkylene units containing oxyethylene end groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/75—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic
    • C08G18/751—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring
    • C08G18/752—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group
    • C08G18/753—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group
    • C08G18/755—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic cycloaliphatic containing only one cycloaliphatic ring containing at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group containing one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to the cycloaliphatic ring by means of an aliphatic group having a primary carbon atom next to the isocyanate or isothiocyanate group and at least one isocyanate or isothiocyanate group linked to a secondary carbon atom of the cycloaliphatic ring, e.g. isophorone diisocyanate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
    • C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
    • C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
    • C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
    • C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
    • C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
    • C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
    • C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
    • C08G18/7671—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups containing only one alkylene bisphenyl group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D175/00—Coating compositions based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09D175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J175/00—Adhesives based on polyureas or polyurethanes; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J175/04—Polyurethanes
    • C09J175/08—Polyurethanes from polyethers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G2190/00—Compositions for sealing or packing joints

Definitions

  • the invention relates to moisture-curing polyurethane compositions and their use as elastic adhesives, sealants and coatings.
  • Polyurethane compositions which crosslink by reaction of isocyanate groups with moisture or water and thereby cure to form elastomers are used in particular as elastic adhesives, sealants or coatings in the construction and manufacturing industry, for example for gluing components in assembly, for filling joints, as floor coating or as roof sealing. Due to their good adhesion and elasticity, they can gently dampen and bridge forces acting on the substrates, for example caused by vibrations or temperature fluctuations.
  • Such polyurethane compositions contain as binders polymers containing isocyanate groups, which are produced by reacting polyols with monomeric diisocyanates.
  • the polymers obtained in this way contain a residual monomeric diisocyanate content, typically in the range from 1 to 3% by weight, due to chain extension reactions.
  • Monomeric diisocyanates are potentially harmful to health.
  • Preparations containing monomeric diisocyanates must contain danger symbols and warnings on the label and in the data sheets, in particular from a concentration of 0.1% by weight, and in some countries they can only be sold and used under certain conditions.
  • EP 2,439,219 describes the use of silicon dioxide having amino groups on the surface for reducing the content of monomeric diisocyanates.
  • the special silicon dioxide is expensive and also leads to high viscosities.
  • low-monomer polymers would be very attractive in elastic sealants, adhesives and due to their high resistance to weathering Coatings for exposed outdoor applications, for example on roofs, on high-rise facades or in the marine area, in particular for grouting ship decks. To do this, however, they have to cure quickly and without strong residual tack and may contain at most small amounts of toxic catalysts which reduce the resistance of the cured polymer. Furthermore, low monomer polymers based on very reactive diisocyanates such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate in particular show weaknesses in storage stability.
  • EP 1, 746,117 describes a process for the preparation of prepolymers containing isocyanate groups.
  • low-monomer NCO prepolymers from the reaction of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and diols or triols and distillation of the excess 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate are prepared and compared with NCO prepolymers which are produced without distilling off monomeric isocyanate, for which purpose 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate is more suitable instead of the 4,4'-isomer.
  • the prepolymers described can be used to produce moisture-curing sealants or adhesives. There is no further information on how such sealants or adhesives are advantageously formulated.
  • the object of the present invention is to improve the curing of isocyanate group-containing polymers with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates, in particular those based on sterically hindered and / or aliphatic diisocyanates, so that they are of higher quality for production moisture-curing polyurethane compositions can be used.
  • blocked amines as are known to be used in moisture-curing polyurethane systems for suppressing the formation of bubbles, enable polymers with low monomer content to contain isocyanate groups, especially those with sterically hindered and / or aliphatic isocyanate groups, such as those derived in particular from isophoronediisocya - nat, a strong improvement in curing.
  • the use of blocked amines enables high-quality moisture-curing polyurethane compositions with an extremely low content of monomeric diisocyanates, which cure quickly and without strong residual tackiness on the surface, without the need for high amounts of catalysts that reduce the heat resistance.
  • blocked amines in low-monomer isocyanate group-containing polymers in particular those with sterically unimpeded and / or aromatic isocyanate groups, such as in particular derived from 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, surprisingly enable a strong improvement in storage stability.
  • This effect is particularly surprising, since when using blocked amines in one-component, moisture-curing polyurethane compositions, it is typically the challenge to achieve good storage stability, with the achievement of good storage stability of compositions with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates being an additional challenge - is difficult. It does not appear from the prior art that the use of blocked amines in one-component compositions based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate enables a significantly improved storage stability.
  • Moisture-curing polyurethane compositions can be obtained from the use according to the invention, which compositions do not require any special protection. Precautions can be handled safely and sold in many countries without hazard labeling due to the monomeric diisocyanates. They have good storage stability and are easy to process due to the low viscosity of the polymer containing isocyanate groups. When they come into contact with moisture, they harden quickly and reliably. After curing, they have a high degree of elasticity and elasticity, high strength, low residual tack, good rheological properties and high resistance to weathering. Such polyurethane compositions can be used particularly advantageously as elastic adhesives, sealants or coatings, in particular also for particularly exposed outdoor applications in construction or in industry, for example on roofs, high-rise buildings or ships.
  • the invention relates to the use of a blocked amine as a curing aid for polymers containing isocyanate groups and having a low content of monomeric diisocyanates obtained from the reaction of at least one monomeric diisocyanate with at least one polyol in one
  • NCO / OH ratio of at least 3/1 and subsequent removal of a large part of the monomeric diisocyanates by means of a suitable separation process, characterized in that the isocyanate group-containing polymer has a monomeric diisocyanate content of at most 0.5% by weight.
  • “Monomeric diisocyanate” is an organic compound with two isocyanate groups separated by a divalent hydrocarbon residue with 4 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • the “molecular weight” is the molar mass (in grams per mole) of a molecule or a molecule residue.
  • the “average molecular weight” is the number average molecular weight (M n ) of a polydisperse mixture of called oligomeric or polymeric molecules or molecule residues. It is determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene as the standard, in particular with tetrahydrofuran as the mobile phase, refractive index detector and evaluation from 200 g / mol.
  • the “NCO content” is the content of isocyanate groups in% by weight.
  • isocyanate group is referred to as "aromatic”, which is bonded directly to an aromatic carbon atom.
  • isocyanates with exclusively aromatic isocyanate groups are accordingly referred to as “aromatic isocyanates”.
  • isocyanate group is referred to as “aliphatic” which is bonded directly to an aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atom. Isocyanates with exclusively aliphatic isocyanate groups are accordingly referred to as “aliphatic isocyanates”.
  • a “polyether urethane polymer” is a polymer that contains ether groups as repeating units and also contains urethane groups.
  • primary amino group refers to an amino group that is attached to a single organic radical and carries two hydrogen atoms
  • secondary amino group refers to an amino group that is attached to two organic residues, which can also be part of a ring, and which bears a hydrogen atom
  • tertiary amino group refers to an amino group that is bonded to three organic radicals, which can also be part of one or more rings in two or three, and does not carry a hydrogen atom.
  • a substance or a composition is said to be “stable in storage” or “storable” if it can be stored at room temperature in a suitable container for a longer period of time, typically for at least 3 months to 6 months and more, without it it changes in its application or use properties due to storage to an extent relevant to its use.
  • room temperature A temperature of 23 ° C is referred to as "room temperature”.
  • a dashed line in the formulas represents the bond between a substituent and the associated molecular residue. All industry standards and norms mentioned in the document refer to the versions valid at the time of filing the first application. Weight percentages (% by weight), abbreviated% by weight, denote mass fractions of a constituent of a composition or of a molecule, based on the entire composition or the entire molecule, unless stated otherwise. The terms “mass” and “weight” are used synonymously in this document.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups according to claim 1 can also be referred to as a polyurethane prepolymer.
  • the isocyanate group-containing polymer with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates is preferably liquid at room temperature.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups preferably has a content of monomeric diisocyanates of at most 0.3% by weight, in particular at most 0.2% by weight.
  • Such a polymer is particularly suitable for the production of preparations, such as, in particular, elastic adhesives, sealants and coatings which have a monomeric diisocyanate content of less than 0.1% by weight; These are safe to use even without special protective measures and can therefore be sold in many countries without danger labeling.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups preferably has an average molecular weight M n in the range from 1 ⁇ 00 to 20 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups preferably has an NCO content in the range from 0.5 to 10% by weight, preferably 0.6 to 8.4% by weight, in particular 0.8 to 7% by weight.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups has an average molecular weight M n in the range from 1 100 to 4 ⁇ 00 g / mol, in particular 1 1200 to 3 ⁇ 00 g / mol.
  • the NCO content lies here preferably in the range from 2.1 to 8.4% by weight, in particular 2.8 to 7% by weight.
  • Such a polymer containing isocyanate groups is particularly suitable for use in elastic coatings for sealing roofs or building icons, for example. It is preferably obtained from the reaction of at least one diol with an OH number in the range from 37 to 190 mg KOH / g, in particular in the range from 56 to 150 mg KOH / g.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups has an average molecular weight M n in the range from 3,500 to 15,000 g / mol, particularly preferably 4,000 to 12,000 g / mol, in particular 5,000 to 10,000 g / mol ,
  • the NCO content is preferably in the range from 0.6 to 3.5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.7 to 3% by weight, in particular 0.8 to 2.5% by weight.
  • Such a polymer containing isocyanate groups is particularly suitable for use in elastic sealants or adhesives. It is preferably obtained from the reaction of at least one polyol with an average OH functionality in the range from 1.9 to 3 and an OH number in the range from 8 to 56 mg KOH / g, 10 to 42 mg KOH / g.
  • aromatic or aliphatic diisocyanates in particular 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, optionally with proportions of 2,4'- and / or 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate or mixtures, are suitable as monomeric diisocyanate of which with 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI), 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate (PDI), naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate (NDI), 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), 2,2 (4), 4 Trimethyl-1, 6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (TMDI), cyclohexane-1, 3- or -1, 4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), perhydro-2
  • the monomeric diisocyanate is preferably a sterically hindered diisocyanate, in particular TDI, TMDI, IPDI or TMXDI.
  • TDI sterically hindered diisocyanate
  • TMDI sterically hindered diisocyanate
  • IPDI TMXDI
  • IPDI is most preferred as the monomeric diisocyanate.
  • moisture-curing polyurethane compositions with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates cure very slowly by means of moisture at ambient temperatures and even then such high levels of catalysts are necessary that the stability after curing is significantly reduced.
  • blocked amines are used as curing aids, such compositions cure reliably and quickly, even without catalysts, such as, in particular, organotin (IV) compounds, to give elastic materials with low residual tack and excellent resistance to weathering influences.
  • the monomeric diisocyanate is furthermore preferably a sterically unhindered diisocyanate, in particular MDI, PDI, HDI or FIMDI.
  • a sterically unhindered diisocyanate in particular MDI, PDI, HDI or FIMDI.
  • polyols which are preferably liquid at room temperature, are suitable as the polyol.
  • the polyol preferably has an average OH functionality in the range from 1.7 to 3.
  • the polyol is preferably a diol or triol with an OH number in the range from 8 to 185 mg KOH / g, in particular in the range from 10 to 120 mg KOH / g.
  • diols with an OH number in the range from 37 to 185 mg KOH / g, in particular in the range from 44 to 120 mg KOH / g.
  • Such a polymer containing isocyanate groups is particularly suitable for use in elastic coatings for sealing roofs or building icons, for example.
  • diols or triols preference is given to diols or triols with an OH number in the range from 8 to 56 mg KOH / g, in particular in the range from 10 to 42 mg KOH / g.
  • Such a polymer containing isocyanate groups is particularly suitable for use in elastic sealants or adhesives.
  • the polyol is preferably a polyether polyol and the isocyanate group-containing polymer obtained therefrom is thus an isocyanate group-containing polyether urethane polymer. This enables moisture-curing polyurethane compositions with high elasticity and elasticity.
  • It preferably has 1, 2-ethyleneoxy, 1, 2-propyleneoxy,
  • the polyether polyol has repeating units for the majority or exclusively of 1,2-propyleneoxy groups. In particular, based on all repeating units, it has 80 to 100% by weight of 1,2-propyleneoxy groups and 0 to 20% by weight of 1,2-ethyleneoxy groups.
  • Polyoxyalkylene diols and / or polyoxyalkylene triols in particular polymerization products of ethylene oxide or 1, 2-propylene oxide or 1, 2- or 2,3-butylene oxide or oxetane or tetrahydrofuran or mixtures thereof, are particularly suitable, these using a starter molecule with two or more active hydrogen atoms can be polymerized, especially a starter molecule such as water, ammonia or a compound with several OH or NH groups such as 1, 2-ethanediol, 1, 2- or 1, 3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, Diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, the isomeric dipropylene glycols or tripropylene glycols, the isomeric butanediols, pentanediols, hexanediols, heptanediols, octanediols, nonanediols, de
  • Polyoxypropylene diols, polyoxypropylene triols, or ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene diols or triols are particularly preferred. These are polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene mixed polyols, which are obtained in particular by further alkoxylating polyoxypropylene diols or triols with ethylene oxide after the polypropoxylation reaction has ended and as a result ultimately having primary hydroxyl groups.
  • Preferred polyether polyols have a degree of unsaturation of less than 0.02 meq / g, in particular less than 0.01 meq / g.
  • the NCO / OH ratio in the reaction between the monomeric diisocyanate and the polyol is preferably in the range from 3/1 to 10/1, particularly preferably in the range from 3/1 to 8/1, in particular in the range from 4 / 1 to 7/1.
  • the reaction between the monomeric diisocyanate and the polyol is preferably carried out with exclusion of moisture at a temperature in the range from 20 to 160 ° C., in particular 40 to 140 ° C., if appropriate in the presence of suitable catalysts.
  • the monomeric diisocyanate remaining in the reaction mixture is removed by means of a suitable separation process except for the residual content described.
  • a preferred method of separation is a distillation process, in particular thin-film distillation or short-path distillation, preferably with the application of a vacuum.
  • a multi-stage process is particularly preferred in which the monomeric diisocyanate is removed in a short-path evaporator at a jacket temperature in the range from 120 to 200 ° C. and a pressure of 0.001 to 0.5 mbar.
  • the jacket temperature is preferably in the range from 140 to 180 ° C.
  • the monomeric diisocyanate and the polyol are preferably reacted and the monomeric diisocyanate remaining in the reaction mixture is subsequently removed without the use of solvents or entraining agents.
  • the monomeric diisocyanate removed after the reaction is preferably subsequently reused, i.e. used again for the production of polymer containing isocyanate groups.
  • chain extension reactions also occur, in that OH groups and / or isocyanate groups of reaction products react between polyol and monomeric diisocyanate.
  • a measure of the chain extension reaction is the average molecular weight of the polymer or the width and distribution of the peaks in the GPC analysis. Another measure is that effective NCO content of the monomer-free polymer in relation to the theoretical NCO content calculated from the reaction of each OH group with a monomeric diisocyanate.
  • the NCO content in the isocyanate group-containing polymer with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates, for the curing of which the blocked amine is used is preferably at least 80%, in particular at least 85%, of the theoretical NCO content, which results from the addition of one mol of monomeric Diisocyanate per mole of OH groups is calculated.
  • Such a polymer is particularly low-viscosity and enables moisture-curing polyurethane compositions with particularly good application properties.
  • the polymer containing isocyanate groups and having a low content of monomeric diisocyanates preferably has a viscosity at 20 ° C. of at most 50 Pa s, in particular at most 40 Pa s, particularly preferably at most 30 Pa s.
  • the viscosity is determined using a cone-plate viscometer with a cone diameter of 25 mm, cone angle 1 °, cone-tip-plate distance 0.05 mm at a shear rate of 10 s -1 .
  • the preferred isocyanate group-containing polymers enable high-quality, easily processable moisture-curing polyurethane compositions with high elasticity and elasticity.
  • a particularly preferred polymer containing isocyanate groups and having a low content of monomeric diisocyanates has an NCO content in the range from 1 to 2.5% by weight, preferably 1.1 to 2.1% by weight, based on all repeating units in the polyether segment from 80 to 100% by weight.
  • Another particularly preferred polymer containing isocyanate groups and having a low monomeric diisocyanate content has an NCO content in the range from 2.8 to 7% by weight, based on all repeating units in the polyether segment of 100% propyleneoxy groups, and a monomeric diisocyanate content of at most 0.3% by weight and is obtained from the reaction of IPDI with at least one polyether diol with an OH number in the range from 44 to 120 mg KOH / g. Together with blocked amines, such a polymer enables moisture-curing polyurethane compositions which are particularly suitable as elastic coatings, in particular also for exposed outdoor applications.
  • the blocked amine which is used as a curing aid, preferably has at least one aldimino group or oxazolidino group. These blocked amino groups together with isocyanate groups are particularly stable in storage with the exclusion of moisture.
  • Suitable as blocked amine is in particular a bis-oxazolidine, in particular a bis-oxazolidine of the formula (Ia) or (Ib),
  • D for a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 6 to 15 carbon atoms, in particular for 1, 6-hexylene or (1, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-yl) methane-1, 3 or 4 (2) -methyl-1 , 3-phenylene, and
  • G represents a monovalent organic radical having 3 to 26 carbon atoms, in particular 2-propyl, 3-heptyl, phenyl or a substituted phenyl radical.
  • D is particularly preferably 1,6-hexylene and G is a substituted phenyl radical having 12 to 26 carbon atoms, in particular a phenyl radical which is in the para position with an optionally branched decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl or tridecylphenyl or Tetradeclyphenyl radical is substituted.
  • G is a substituted phenyl radical having 12 to 26 carbon atoms, in particular a phenyl radical which is in the para position with an optionally branched decylphenyl, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl or tridecylphenyl or Tetradeclyphenyl radical is substituted.
  • Such a bis-oxazolidine is liquid and odorless at room temperature, together with isocyanate groups, has a long shelf life and enables rapid curing.
  • the blocked amine preferably contains at least one aldimino group of the
  • R 1 and R 2 independently of one another each for a monovalent hydrocarbon radical with 1 to 12 C atoms or together for a divalent hydrocarbon radical with 4 to 12 C atoms, the part of an optionally substituted carbocyclic ring with 5 to 8, preferably 6 , C atoms is standing,
  • Y represents a monovalent organic radical having 1 to 25 C atoms
  • Z represents an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl radical having 5 to 26 C atoms.
  • R 1 and R 2 each preferably represent methyl.
  • Y preferably represents a hydrocarbon radical with 3 to 20 carbon atoms, optionally containing ether, carbonyl, ester, amido, urethane, urea or tertiary amino groups. This preferably has an ester or a tertiary amino group and optionally ether groups.
  • Y represents a radical of the formula
  • R 3 O where R 3 is a hydrogen radical or a linear or branched alkyl, arylalkyl or alkoxycarbonyl radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, and R 4 is a hydrogen radical or a monovalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • R 3 preferably represents a hydrogen radical and R 4 represents methyl or undecyl.
  • Such blocked amines are very stable in storage, even together with very reactive aromatic isocyanate groups from MDI.
  • Y stands for a residue of
  • R 5 and R 6 independently of one another each represent a linear or branched alkyl, cycloalkyl or aralkyl radical, optionally having ether groups, having 1 to 20 C atoms, or together for a divalent hydrocarbon Substance residue with 4 to 12 carbon atoms, the part of a 5 to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, which can contain an ether, thioether or a further tertiary amino group in addition to the stidage atom.
  • R 5 and R 6 together preferably represent 3-oxa-1,5-pentylene and thus together with the nitrogen atom form a morpholine ring.
  • Such a blocked amine is particularly stable in storage together with aliphatic isocyanate groups and releases an odorless blocking agent during curing, which is excellently tolerated in polyurethanes and has only a slight softening effect.
  • Z preferably represents a remainder of the formula , where R 7 for a
  • R 7 preferably represents an alkyl or alkoxy radical having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, in particular an optionally branched decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl or tetradecyl radical, particularly preferably a para-position , optionally branched alkyl radical having 10 to 14 carbon atoms.
  • Such blocked amines are particularly easy to access technically and released an odorless blocking agent during curing, which shows particularly little tendency to migrate effects.
  • the blocked amine is particularly preferably a dialdimine or a trialdimine.
  • a di- or trialdimine is typically low-viscosity, technically easily available and enables polyurethane products of high elasticity.
  • the blocked amine is very particularly preferably selected from aldimines of the formula (purple), (IIIb) and (III),
  • n 2 or 3
  • A represents an n-valent, optionally ether-containing aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or arylaliphatic hydrocarbon radical with a molecular weight in the range from 28 to 6 ⁇ 00 g / mol,
  • R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 have the meanings already mentioned.
  • aldimines based on aliphatic di- or triamines are readily available and particularly toxicologically advantageous.
  • R 1 and R 2 are preferably each methyl, R 3 is a hydrogen radical and either R 4 is a radical selected from methyl and undecyl, or R 5 and R 6 are together 3-oxa-1, 5-pentylene, or R 7 for an optionally branched alkyl radical with 10 to 14 carbon atoms in the para position.
  • A preferably has a molecular weight in the range from 28 to 500 g / mol.
  • Such a blocked amine enables particularly high strengths.
  • A is preferably a radical selected from the group consisting of 1, 6-hexylene, (1, 5,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1-yl) methane-1, 3, 4 (2) -methyl-1, 3-cy- clohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene-bis (methylene), 1,4-cyclohexylene-bis (methylene), 1,3-phenylene-bis (methylene), 1,2-cyclohexylene, 1,3-cyclohexylene, 1,4 -Cyclohexylene, methylene-bis (2-methylcyclohexan-4-yl), (bicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2,5 (2,6) - diyl) dimethylene, (tricyclo [5.2.1 0 2 ' 6 ] decan-3 (4), 8 (9) -diyl) dimethylene, a, w-poly-oxypropylene with an average molecular weight M n in the range from 170 to 500 g / mol and trimethylo
  • Such a blocked amine is derived from 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine or IPDA).
  • IPDA isophoronediamine
  • Blocked amines derived therefrom are very particularly suitable as curing aids for isocyanate group-containing polymers with a low content of monomeric diisocyanate based on IPDI.
  • the combination of IPDI-based polymer and IPDA-based blocked amine enables polyurethane products with very high elongation and particularly high strength.
  • the blocked amine is preferably selected from the group consisting of bis-oxazolidines of the formula (Ia) in which D for 1,6-flexylene and G for a para position with an optionally branched decylphenyl-, undecylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, Tridecylphenyl or tetradeclyphenyl radical substituted phenyl radical, N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropylidene) hexylene-1, 6-diamine, N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl- 3- (N-morpholino) propylidene) hexylene-1,6-diamine, N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-acetoxypropylidene) -3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropylidene)
  • the aldimines are preferred. They are particularly low viscosity.
  • the odorless types are also preferred, in particular for indoor applications.
  • aldimines derived from 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethylcyclohexane are also preferred.
  • IPDI-based polyurethane compositions they enable particularly high strength with high elasticity and particularly good weather stability.
  • Blocked amines with aldimino and oxazolidino groups are also suitable, in particular those with an aldimino group and an oxazolidino group.
  • the blocked amine is preferably obtained from the reaction of at least one amine with at least one aldehyde in a condensation reaction with the liberation and optionally removal of water.
  • a preferred bis-oxazolidine is obtained in particular by first using di-ethanolamine with a stoichiometric or slightly stoichiometric The amount of at least one aldehyde is reacted and the condensation water and any solvent present are removed from the reaction mixture using a suitable method, if appropriate with heating and / or applying a vacuum. The resulting hydroxyoxazolidine is then converted into a bis-oxazolidine using a suitable method, in particular by reaction with a carbonate or a diisocyanate. The implementation with HDI is particularly preferred.
  • Isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethylhexanal, benzaldehyde or 4-Cio-14-alkylbenzaldehyde is preferred as the aldehyde for the preparation of oxazolidines.
  • isocyanates storage-stable oxazolidines are obtained which, in polyurethane compositions, hydrolyze quickly on contact with moisture and enable reliable curing.
  • a preferred di- or trialdimine is obtained in particular from the reaction of a stoichiometric or slightly overstoichiometric amount, with respect to the primary amino groups, of at least one polyamine of the formula (IV) with at least one aldehyde of the formula (Va) or (Vb) , in particular at least one aldehyde of the formula (Via) or (Vlb) or (Vlc).
  • the reaction is advantageously carried out at a temperature in the range from 15 to 120 ° C., preferably at 20 to 100 ° C., optionally in
  • Presence of a solvent is preferably removed from the reaction mixture, either as an azeotrope with a suitable solvent or preferably directly by distillation, if appropriate under vacuum.
  • a catalyst is used in the reaction, in particular an acid catalyst.
  • Suitable amines of the formula (IV) are, in particular, commercially available primary aliphatic di- or triamines, in particular 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, 1,3-butanediamine , 2-methyl-1,2-propanediamine, 1,3-pentanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,5-diamino -2-methylpentane, 1, 3,6-triaminohexane, 1, 7- fleptanediamine, 1, 8-octanediamine, 1, 4,8-triaminooctane, 2,5-dimethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine, 1, 9 -Nonanediamine, 2,2 (4), 4-trimethyl-1, 6-hexanediamine, 4-aminomethyl-1, 8-octanediamine, 5-aminomethyl-1, 8-oc
  • Preferred amine of formula (IV) is 1, 6-hexanediamine, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 4 (2) -methyl-1, 3-cyclohexanediamine, 1, 3- Bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1, 4-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1, 3-bis (aminomethyl) - benzene, 1, 2-cyclohexanediamine, 1, 3-cyclohexanediamine, 1, 4-cyclohexanediamine, bis (4th aminocyclohexyl) methane, 2.5 (2.6) bis (aminomethyl) bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, 3 (4), 8 (9) bis (aminomethyl) tricyclo [5.2.1 .0 2 ' 6 ] decane, a, w-polyoxypropylene diamine with an average molecular weight M n in the range from 200 to 500 g / mol or trimethylolpropan
  • Suitable aldehydes are, in particular, tertiary aldehydes such as, in particular, 2,2-dimethylpropanal (pivalaldehyde), 2,2-dimethyl-3-phenylpropanal, 2,2-dimethyl 3-acetoxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-isobutyroxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-caproyl-oxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-benzoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-capryloyloxypropanal, 2, 2-dimethyl-3-caprinoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-myristoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-palmitoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3- stearoyloxypropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-dimethylaminopropanal, 2,2-dimethyl-3-diethylaminopropan
  • a suitable blocked amine with an aldimino group and an oxazolinino group is in particular obtained from the reaction of at least
  • L stands for a divalent organic radical having 2 to 30 carbon atom
  • a mixture containing two or more different blocked amines can be used as the blocked amine, in particular blocked amines derived from different primary amines and / or blocked amines derived from different aldehydes.
  • the blocked amine is preferably used in an amount such that the number of blocked amino groups, based on the number of isocyanate groups present, is in the range from 0.1 to 1.1, in particular 0.2 to 1.0, particularly preferably 0.3 to 0.9.
  • a moisture-curing polyurethane composition is obtained from the use according to the invention, which in particular has a monomeric diisocyanate content of less than 0.1% by weight.
  • the invention thus furthermore relates to a moisture-curing polyurethane composition
  • a moisture-curing polyurethane composition comprising at least one isocyanate-containing polymer with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates and at least one blocked amine, as described above, characterized in that the moisture-curing polyurethane Composition has a content of monomeric diisocyanates of less than 0.1% by weight based on the total composition.
  • a composition is safe to use even without special protective measures and can be sold in many countries with regard to the monomeric diisocyanates it contains, without any hazard labeling. It comprises at least one isocyanate group-containing polymer with a low monomeric diisocyanate content, as previously described, and at least one blocked amine, as previously described.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition preferably contains at least one further constituent selected from oligomeric isocyanates, catalysts, fillers and plasticizers.
  • Suitable oligomers isocyanates are particularly HDI biurets such as Desmodur ® N 100 N or 3200 (from Covestro), Tolonate ® HDB or HDB-LV (from Venco- rex), or Duranate 24A-100 ® (by Asahi Kasei); HDI isocyanurates such as Desmo- dur ® N 3300, N 3600 or N 3790 BA (all from Covestro), Tolonate ® HDT, HDT-LV or HDT-LV2 (from Vencorex), Duranate ® TPA-100 or THA-100 (from asa- hi Kasei) or Coronate HX ® (from Nippon Polyurethane); HDI uretdiones as Desmodur ® N 3400 (from Covestro); HDI Iminooxadiazindiones as Desmodur ® XP 2410 (of Covestro); HDI-allophanates such as Desmodur ® VP LS 2102
  • Suitable catalysts are in particular catalysts for the hydrolysis of oxazolidino and / or aldimino groups, in particular organic acids, in particular carboxylic acids such as 2-ethylhexanoic acid, lauric acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, oleic acid, neodecanoic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid or 2-nitrobenzoic acid, such as organic carboxylic acid anhydrides Phthalic anhydride, hexahydrophthalic anhydride or hexahydromethylphthalic anhydride, silyl esters of carboxylic acids, organic sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid or 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, sulfonic acid esters, other organic or inorganic acids, or mixtures of the aforementioned acids and acid esters.
  • Carboxylic acids in particular aromatic carboxylic acids
  • Suitable catalysts are also catalysts for accelerating the reaction of isocyanate groups, especially organotin (IV) compounds. gene such as, in particular, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetylacetonate, dimethyltin dilaurate, dioctyltin diacetate, dioctyltin dilaurate or dioctyltin diacetylacetonate, complex compounds of bismuth (III), or 3-carboxylate, in particular, with selected from bismuth (III), carboxylates, aliquonate, carboxylates, with 3 Oxinate, 1, 3-ketoesterates and 1, 3-ketoamidates, or compounds containing tertiary amino groups, such as in particular 2,2'-dimorpholinodiethyl ether (DMDEE).
  • DMDEE 2,2'-dimorpholinodieth
  • catalysts for accelerating the reaction of isocyanate groups are only present in an amount such that the stability of the cured composition is not unduly impaired.
  • Suitable fillers are in particular ground or precipitated calcium carbonates, which are optionally coated with fatty acids, in particular stearates, barites (heavy spades), quartz flours, quartz sands, dolomites, wollastonites, calcined kaolins, layered silicates such as mica or talc, zeolites, Aluminum hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides, silicas including highly disperse silicas from pyrolysis processes, cements, gypsum, fly ash, industrially manufactured russian, graphite, metal powder, for example of aluminum, copper, iron, silver or steel, PVC powder or flute balls.
  • fatty acids in particular stearates, barites (heavy spades), quartz flours, quartz sands, dolomites, wollastonites, calcined kaolins, layered silicates such as mica or talc, zeolites, Aluminum hydroxides, magnesium hydroxides, silicas including highly disperse silicas from
  • Calcium carbonates which are optionally coated with fatty acids, in particular stearates, calcined kaolins or industrially produced carbon black are preferred.
  • Suitable plasticizers are, in particular, carboxylic acid esters such as phthalates, in particular diisononyl phthalate (DINP), diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) or di (2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPFIP), hydrogenated phthalates, in particular hydrogenated diisononyl phthalate or diisononyl-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylate (DINCFI) , Terephthalates, especially bis (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate or diisononyl terephthalate, hydrogenated terephthalates, especially hydrogenated bis (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate or diisononyl terephthalate or bis (2-ethylhexyl) -1, 4-cyclohexanedicarboxylate, trimellitates, adipates, in particular Dioctyl adipate, azelates,
  • inorganic or organic pigments in particular titanium dioxide, chromium oxides or iron oxides;
  • Fibers in particular glass fibers, carbon fibers, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, plastic fibers such as polyamide fibers or polyethylene fibers, or natural fibers such as wool, cellulose, hemp or sisal;
  • nanofillers such as graphene or carbon nanotubes
  • Drying agents in particular molecular sieve powder, calcium oxide, highly reactive isocyanates such as p-tosyl isocyanate, mono-oxazolidines such as Incozol ® 2
  • Adhesion promoters in particular organoalkoxysilanes, in particular epoxysilanes such as in particular 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane or 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, (meth) acrylosilanes, anhydridosilanes, carbamatosilanes, alkylsilanes or iminosilanes, or oligomeric forms of these silanes, or oligomeric forms;
  • catalysts which accelerate the reaction of the isocyanate groups in particular salts, soaps or complexes of tin, zinc, bismuth, iron, aluminum, molybdenum, dioxomolybdenum, titanium, zirconium or potassium, in particular tin (II) -2-ethylhexanoate, Tin (ll) neodecanoate, zinc (ll) acetate, zinc (ll) -2-ethylhexanoate, zinc (ll) laurate, zinc (ll) acetylacetonate, aluminum lactate, aluminum oleate, diisopropoxytitanium bis (ethylacetoacetate) or potassium acetate;
  • Compounds containing tertiary amino groups in particular N-ethyldiisopropylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethylalkylenediamines, pentamethylalkylenetriamines and higher homologs thereof, bis- (
  • DABCO 1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene
  • DBN 1, 5-diazabicyclo [4.3.0] - non-5-ene
  • Stickstoffaroma- table compounds such as 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N-methylimidazole, N-vinylimidazole or 1, 2-dimethylimidazole
  • organic ammonium compounds such as benzyl methyl ammonium hydroxide or alkoxylated tertiary amines
  • so-called “delayed action” catalysts which represent modifications of known metal or amine catalysts
  • Layered silicates such as bentonites, derivatives of castor oil, hydrogenated castor oil, polyamides, polyamide waxes, polyurethanes, urea compounds, pyrogenic silicas, cellulose ethers or hydrophobically modified polyoxyethylene;
  • - Solvents especially acetone, methyl acetate, tert-butyl acetate, 1-methoxy-2-propyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, diisopropyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol mono-2-ethylhexyl ether, acetals such as propylal, butyl 2-ethylhexylal, dioxolane, glycerol formal or 2, 5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane (TOU), toluene,
  • TOU 5,7,10-tetraoxaundecane
  • non-reactive polymers in particular homo- or copolymers of unsaturated monomers, in particular from the group comprising ethylene, propylene, butylene, isobutylene, isoprene, vinyl acetate or alkyl (meth) acrylates, in particular polyethylenes (PE), Polypropylenes (PP), polyisobutylenes, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (EVA) or atactic poly-a-olefins (APAO);
  • PE polyethylenes
  • PP Polypropylenes
  • EVA ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers
  • APAO atactic poly-a-olefins
  • flame-retardant substances in particular the fillers already mentioned, aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, and in particular organic phosphoric acid esters such as, in particular, triethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, diphenylcresyl phosphate, isodecyl diphenyl phosphate, tris (1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate -chloroethyl) phosphate, tris (2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tris (chloroisopropyl) phosphate, tris (chloropropyl) phosphate, isopropylated triphenyl phosphate, mono-, bis- or tris (isopropylphenyl) phosphate different degrees of isopropylation, resorcinol bis (diphenyl phosphate), bisphenol A bis (diphenyl phosphate) or ammonium polyphosphate
  • Additives in particular wetting agents, leveling agents, defoamers, deaerators, stabilizers against oxidation, heat, light or UV radiation or biocides; or other substances commonly used in moisture-curing polyurethane compositions.
  • the content of monomeric diisocyanants when the isocyanate group-containing polyether urethane polymer is mixed with other constituents of the composition, in particular fillers, is reduced further, if appropriate, by reaction with the moisture present.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition preferably contains 10 to 95% by weight, particularly preferably 15 to 80% by weight, in particular 20 to 50% by weight, of the isocyanate group-containing polymer with a low content of monomeric diisocyanates.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition can contain a certain proportion of further polymers containing isocyanate groups, in particular also conventionally produced ones with a higher content of monomeric diisocyanates.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is produced in particular in the absence of moisture and is stored in moisture-tight containers at ambient temperature.
  • a suitable moisture-tight container consists in particular of an optionally coated metal and / or plastic and in particular represents a barrel, a container, a hobbock, a bucket, a canister, a can, a bag, a tubular bag, a cartridge or a tube ,
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition can be in the form of a one-component or in the form of a multi-component, in particular two-component, composition.
  • a “one-component” is a composition in which all components of the composition are in the same container and which as such is stable in storage.
  • a “two-component” is a composition in which the components of the composition are in two different components, which are stored in separate containers and are only mixed with one another shortly before or during application of the composition.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is preferably a one-component. With suitable packaging and storage, it is stable in storage, typically for several months to a year or longer.
  • the process of curing begins with the application of the moisture-curing polyurethane composition.
  • the result of this is the cured composition.
  • an accelerator component which contains or releases water and / or a catalyst and / or a hardener can be added to the composition during application, or the composition can be mixed with such an accelerator component after application Be brought in contact.
  • the isocyanate groups react with the blocked amino groups under the influence of moisture. Some of the isocyanate groups, in particular those which are excess compared to the blocked amino groups, react with one another under the influence of moisture and / or with other reactive groups which may be present in the composition. especially hydroxyl groups or free amino groups.
  • the entirety of these reactions of the isocyanate groups which lead to curing of the composition is also referred to as crosslinking.
  • the moisture required for curing the moisture-curing polyurethane composition preferably comes from the air (atmospheric moisture) by diffusion into the composition.
  • a solid layer of hardened composition (“skin”) forms on the surfaces of the composition that are in contact with air. Curing continues from the outside inwards along the direction of diffusion, the skin becoming increasingly thicker and finally comprising the entire composition applied.
  • the moisture can additionally or completely also get into the composition from one or more substrate (s) to which the composition has been applied and / or originate from an accelerator component which is added to the composition during application or after Application is brought into contact with this, for example by brushing or spraying.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is preferably applied at ambient temperature, in particular in the range from approximately -10 to 50 ° C., preferably in the range from -5 to 45 ° C., particularly preferably in the range from 0 to 40 ° C.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is also preferably cured at ambient temperature.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition has a long processing time (open time) and quick curing.
  • the “open time” is the period of time during which the composition can be processed or reworked without loss of functionality after application. In the case of a one-component composition, the open time is exceeded at the latest when skin formation has occurred.
  • the degree of polymer formation in the composition within a given period of time after application is referred to as the "curing rate", for example by determining the thickness of the skin formed.
  • Crosslinking releases the aldehyde used to block the amino groups.
  • the aldehyde is largely non-volatile and odorless, it largely remains in the hardened composition and acts as a plasticizer.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is preferably used as an elastic adhesive or elastic sealant or elastic coating.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is particularly suitable for adhesive and sealing applications in the construction and manufacturing industry or in vehicle construction, in particular for parquet gluing, assembly, attachment part gluing, module gluing, window gluing, joint sealing, Body sealing, seam sealing or cavity sealing.
  • Elastic bonds in vehicle construction are, for example, the gluing of parts such as plastic covers, decorative strips, flanges, bumpers, driver's cabins or other add-on parts to the painted body of a vehicle, or the gluing of windows into the body, the vehicles in particular automobiles, trucks , Buses, rail vehicles or ships.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is particularly suitable for the elastic sealing of joints, seams or cavities of all kinds, in particular of construction joints such as dilatation joints or connection joints between components, or of floor joints in civil engineering.
  • a sealant with soft elastic properties and high cold flexibility is particularly suitable for sealing dilatation joints on buildings.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition is particularly suitable for protecting and / or sealing buildings or parts thereof, in particular for building icons, patios, roofs, in particular flat roofs or slightly inclined roof areas or roof gardens, or inside buildings under tiles or ceramic tiles in Wet rooms or kitchens, or in drip pans, channels, shafts, silos, dances or wastewater treatment plants.
  • It can also be used for repair purposes as a seal or coating, for example of leaky roof membranes or floor coverings that are no longer suitable, or as a repair compound for highly reactive spray seals.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition can be formulated in such a way that it has a pasty consistency with pseudoplastic properties.
  • a composition is applied by means of a suitable device, for example from commercially available cartridges or barrels or flobbocks, for example in the form of a caterpillar, which can have an essentially round or triangular cross-sectional area.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition can also be formulated in such a way that it is liquid and so-called self-leveling or only slightly thixotropic and can be poured out for application. As a coating, for example, it can then be distributed over the entire area up to the desired layer thickness, for example by means of a roller, a slide, a trowel or a spatula.
  • Suitable substrates which can be glued or sealed or coated with the moisture-curing polyurethane composition, are in particular
  • metals or alloys such as aluminum, copper, iron, steel, non-ferrous metals, including surface-coated metals or alloys such as galvanized or chromed metals;
  • Plastics such as hard and soft PVC, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyester, polyamide, PMMA, ABS, SAN, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, PUR, POM, TPO, PE, PP, EPM or EPDM, each untreated or surface-treated, for example by means of plasma , Corona or flames;
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastics
  • GTK glass fiber reinforced plastics
  • SMC sheet molding compounds
  • - Insulating foams in particular made of EPS, XPS, PUR, PIR, rock wool, glass wool or foamed glass (foam glass);
  • lacquered substrates in particular lacquered tiles, painted concrete, powder-coated metals or alloys or lacquered sheets;
  • the substrates can be pretreated before application, in particular by physical and / or chemical cleaning processes or by applying an activator or a primer.
  • Two identical or two different substrates can be glued and / or sealed.
  • Another object of the invention is a method for gluing or sealing, comprising the steps
  • Another object of the invention is a method for coating or sealing, comprising the steps
  • an article is obtained which is glued or sealed or coated with the composition.
  • This article can be a building or a part thereof, in particular a building of the underground or civil engineering, a bridge, a roof, a staircase or a facade, or it can be an industrial good or a consumer good, in particular a window, a pipe, a rotor blade of a wind power plant, a holding machine or a means of transport such as, in particular, an automobile, a bus, a truck, a rail vehicle, a ship, an aircraft or a helicopter, or an attachment part thereof.
  • Another object of the invention is therefore an article obtained from the described method for gluing or sealing or from the described method for coating or sealing.
  • the moisture-curing polyurethane composition obtained from the use according to the invention has advantageous properties. It is safe to use even without special protective measures sold in many countries in terms of the content of monomeric diisocyanates without hazard labeling, has good storage stability and is easy to process. When it comes into contact with moisture, it cures quickly and reliably to a material of high elasticity and extensibility, high strength, low residual tack, good adhesion properties and high resistance to weather influences. It is therefore particularly suitable for exposed outdoor applications in construction or in industry, for example on roofs, high-rise buildings or ships. Examples
  • NK standard climate
  • the viscosity was measured with a thermostatted Rheotec RC30 cone-plate viscometer (cone diameter 25 mm, cone angle 1 °, cone tip-plate distance 0.05 mm, shear rate 10 s -1 ).
  • the monomeric diisocyanate content was determined by means of HPLC (detection via photodiode array; 0.04 M sodium acetate / acetonitrile as mobile phase) after prior derivation using N-propyl-4-nitrobenzylamine.
  • Desmophen ® 5031 BT glycerin-started ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene triol, OH number 28.0 mg KOH / g, OH functionality approx. 2.3; from Covestro
  • 220 g 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl -5-isocyanatomethylcydohe- xan Vestanat ® IPDI, Evonik
  • 0.01 g dibutyltin dilaurate to a known method at 80 ° C to form a polyether urethane poly mer having an NCO content of 6.4% by weight, a viscosity from 4.1 Pa s implemented at 20 ° C and a monomeric IPDI content of approx. 12% by weight.
  • the volatile constituents in particular the majority of the monomeric IPDI, were then removed by distillation in a short-path evaporator (jacket temperature 160 ° C., pressure 0.1 to 0.005 mbar).
  • the polyether urethane polymer thus obtained had an NCO content of 1.9% by weight, a viscosity of 8.2 Pa s at 20 ° C. and a monomeric IPDI content of 0.02% by weight.
  • Desmophen ® 5031 BT glycerin-started ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene triol, OH number 28.0 mg KOH / g, OH functionality approx. 2.3; from Covestro
  • 275 g 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Desmodur ® 44 MC L, from Covestro) were, according to the known method, at 80 ° C. to a polyether urethane polymer with an NCO content of 7.6% by weight, a viscosity of 6.5 Pa-s at 20 ° C. and a content of monomeric 4 , 4'-diphenyl methane diisocyanate of about 20% by weight implemented.
  • the volatile constituents in particular the majority of the monomeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, were then removed by distillation in a short path evaporator (jacket temperature 180 ° C., pressure 0.1 to 0.005 mbar, condensation temperature 47 ° C.).
  • the polyether urethane polymer thus obtained had an NCO content of 1.7% by weight, a viscosity of 19 Pa-s at 20 ° C and a content of monomeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate of 0.04% by weight.
  • Desmophen ® 5031 BT glycerin-started ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene triol, OH number 28.0 mg KOH / g, OH functionality approx. 2.3; from Covestro
  • 105.0 g 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl -5-isocyanatomethylcydohe- xan Vestanat ® IPDI, Evonik
  • 0.01 g dibutyltin dilaurate to a known method at 80 ° C to form a polyether urethane poly mer having an NCO content of 1.9% by weight and a content implemented on a monomeric IPDI of approx. 1.4% by weight.
  • Polymer R-2 glycerin-started ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene triol, OH number 28.0 mg KOH / g, OH functionality approx. 2.3; from Covestro
  • Voranol ® CP 4755 glycerol-started ethylene oxide-terminated polyoxypropylene triol, OH number 35.0 mg KOH / g, OH functionality approx. 2.4; from Dow
  • 1 15 g 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (Desmodur ® 44 MC L, from Covesrot)
  • 200 g diisodecyl phthalate were, according to the known method at 80 ° C., to a polyether urethane polymer with an NCO content of 1.9% by weight and a content of monomeric 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate of about 2.1% by weight implemented.
  • the polymers P-1 and P-2 are polymers according to the invention containing isocyanate groups and having a low content of monomeric diisocyanates.
  • the polymers R-1 and R-2 are conventionally produced polymers containing isocyanate groups with a significantly higher content of monomeric diisocyanates and serve as a comparison.
  • the amine number (including aldimino and oxazolidino groups) was determined by titration (with 0.1 N HCIO4 in acetic acid against crystal violet).
  • Aldimine A1 N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropylidene) -3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
  • Aldimine A3 N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3- (N-morpholino) propylidene) -3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
  • Aldimine A4 N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-acetoxypropylidene) -3-aminomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylamine
  • Aldimine A5 N, N'-bis (2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropylidene) hexylene-1,6-diamine 100.0 g (0.35 mol) of 2,2-dimethyl-3-lauroyloxypropanal were placed in a round bottom flask under nitrogen atmosphere submitted. Then 26.5 g (0.16 mol) of 1,6-flexanediamine solution (70% by weight in water) were added with thorough stirring and then the volatile constituents at 80 ° C. and 10 mbar Vacuum removed. A colorless liquid with an amine number of 160 mg KOH / g was obtained, which corresponds to a calculated aldimine equivalent weight of 351 g / mol.
  • Oxazolidine A6 bis-oxazolidine
  • Moisture-curing polyurethane compositions are:
  • compositions C-1 to C-10 are Compositions C-1 to C-10:
  • the thickeners aste was prepared by mixing in a vacuum mixer, 300 g of diisodecyl phthalate and 48 g of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate; submitted, and then gently heated with vigorous stirring, 27 g monobutyl amine were slowly added dropwise (Desmodur ® 44 MC L of Covestro). The resulting paste was further stirred for one hour under vacuum and cooling.
  • Each composition was tested as follows:
  • the skin formation time was determined as a measure of the processing time (open time). For this purpose, a few grams of the composition were applied to cardboard in a layer thickness of approx. 2 mm and the time was determined in the standard atmosphere until, for the first time, no residues were left on the pipette by gently tapping the surface of the composition using an LDPE pipette "No your" means that no skin had formed within 3 days.
  • the Shore A hardness was determined according to DIN 53505 on test specimens hardened during 3d, 7d, 11 d, 14d, 21 d and 28d in a standard atmosphere.
  • each composition between two wax-coated transfer printing papers was pressed into a film 2 mm thick and stored in a standard atmosphere for 7 days.
  • some dumbbells with a length of 75 mm with a web length of 30 mm and a web width of 4 mm were punched out of the film and these according to DIN EN 53504 at a tensile speed of 200 mm / min for tensile strength ("tensile strength.” ), Elongation at break (“elongation at break”) and modulus of elasticity (at 0.5-5% elongation) were tested.
  • the tensile shear strength (ZSF) on glass was determined to determine the strength of an adhesive connection.
  • composite bodies were produced by gluing two glass plates degreased with isopropanol and pretreated with Sika ® Aktivator-100 (from Sika Switzerland) in such a way that the overlapping adhesive connection had a dimension of 12 x 25 mm and a thickness of 4 mm and that Glass plates protruding at the head ends. After the composite bodies had been stored for 7 days in a standard climate, the tensile shear strength was tested in accordance with DIN EN 1465 at a tensile speed of 20 mm / min.
  • the examples labeled (Ref.) are comparative examples.
  • Table 1 Composition and properties of C-1 to C-10.
  • Table 1 shows the properties of compositions based on isophorone diisocyanate, which have very high light stability. With these systems, due to the sterically hindered, aliphatic and therefore more inert isophorone diisocyanate, the challenge is to achieve reliable curing to a material with a non-tacky surface and good mechanical properties.
  • the comparison of the reference compositions C-2 (low content of monomeric diisocyanate, no blocked amine) and C-3 (high content of monomeric diisocyanate, no blocked amine) shows that C-2 is due to the lack of monomeric diisocyanates shows a significantly slower hardening and a sticky surface.
  • composition C-6 according to the invention low content of monomeric diisocyanate, aldimine A-3) with the reference composition C-7 (high content of monomeric diisocyanate, aldimine A-3) shows that the composition C-6 according to the invention cures almost equally quickly to a non-sticky material.
  • the use according to the invention thus enables very light-stable and label-free compositions which, owing to the high light stability and the tack-free surface, are particularly suitable for use in particularly exposed outdoor applications, for example on ships.
  • dumbbells punched out as described above were stored in a circulating air oven at 80 ° C. or 90 ° C. or 100 ° C. for 7 days, then cooled to room temperature and, as described above, for tensile strength, elongation at break and E -Module checked. The results are marked with the addition "7d 80 ° C” or "7d 90 ° C” or "7d 100 ° C”.
  • the example labeled (Ref.) Is a comparative example.
  • Table 2 Heat stability of C-2 (Ref.), C-5, C-8 and C-10. Table 2 shows the limited heat resistance of the reference composition C-2, presumably due to the high content of tin catalyst.
  • compositions C-11 to C-14 are Compositions C-11 to C-14:
  • the thickener branches were prepared as described for C-1.
  • the extrusion force of the composition after storage was determined as a measure of the storage stability by in each case a sealed cartridge for 7 days at room temperature or for 7 days in a convection oven at 60
  • the skin formation time was determined as a measure of the processing time (open time), as described for the composition C-1.
  • the Shore A hardness was determined according to DIN 53505 on test specimens hardened for 1 d, 2d and 7d in a standard atmosphere.
  • test specimens were produced and tested as described for composition C-1.
  • ZSF tensile shear strength
  • additional composite bodies were additionally stored for 7 days in a forced-air oven at 90 ° C, or 7 days at 70 ° C / 100% relative humidity, cooled in a standard atmosphere and on the same Checked way. The results are marked with the addition "14d NK" or "7d 90 ° C” or "7d 70/100".
  • the tensile stress 60% (with 60% elongation) and the tensile stress 100% (with 100% elongation) were tested with concrete test specimens (pretreated with Sika ® Primer-3N, from Sika Switzerland) at 23 ° C according to DIN EN 28339, method A, certainly.
  • the examples labeled (Ref.) are comparative examples.
  • Table 3 shows the properties of compositions based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate which, because of their high reactivity, have rapid curing. The challenge lies in it nevertheless achieve good storage stability and processability.
  • the composition C-11 according to the invention (low content of monomeric diisocyanates, aldimine A1) shows excellent storage stability with very good processability (slight increase in the pressing force after 7d 60 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'une amine bloquée comme agent de durcissement pour des polymères contenant des groupes isocyanate ayant une faible teneur en diisocyanates monomères, obtenus par la réaction d'au moins un diisocyanate monomère avec un polyol en un rapport NCO/OH d'au moins 3/1 et l'élimination ultérieure d'une grande partie des diisocyanates monomères au moyen d'un procédé de séparation approprié, ainsi que les compositions de polyuréthane durcissant à l'humidité obtenues à partir de cette utilisation. L'utilisation permet l'obtention de compositions de polyuréthane durcissant à l'humidité stables au stockage, lesquelles sont sûres dans leur manipulation, même sans mesures de protection spéciales, et peuvent être vendues dans de nombreux pays sans étiquetage de danger, possèdent une bonne aptitude à la transformation, et durcissent à la température ambiante de manière fiable et rapide en un matériau possédant une grande stabilité, élasticité et ductilité et une haute résistance aux intempéries. De telles compositions de polyuréthane durcissant à l'humidité sont particulièrement appropriées comme enduits d'étanchéité, adhésifs et revêtements élastiques, en particulier pour une utilisation exposée en extérieur.
EP19746106.4A 2018-08-08 2019-08-05 Composition de polyuréthane ayant une faible teneur en diisocyanates monomères Pending EP3833701A1 (fr)

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EP3932986A1 (fr) 2020-07-03 2022-01-05 Sika Technology Ag Composition thermoplastique présentant des propriétés mécaniques améliorées
EP4229032B1 (fr) * 2020-10-19 2025-11-05 Sika Technology AG Mélange d'aldimine cycloaliphatique
US20230323009A1 (en) * 2020-10-19 2023-10-12 Sika Technology Ag Moisture-curing polyurethane composition
CN113119537A (zh) * 2021-04-25 2021-07-16 艾利特控股集团有限公司 一种复合面料及其制备方法
EP4359457A1 (fr) 2021-06-23 2024-05-01 Sika Technology AG Oligomère aldimine-urée
EP4112668A1 (fr) 2021-06-28 2023-01-04 Sika Technology AG Adhésif thermofusible réactif présentant une bonne adhérence aux substrats polaires et non polaires
JP2023051091A (ja) * 2021-09-30 2023-04-11 シーカ・ハマタイト株式会社 ウレタン系シーリング材組成物
GB202317086D0 (en) * 2023-11-07 2023-12-20 Sylmasta Ltd Bandages

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CO2021001256A2 (es) 2021-02-26
MX2021001500A (es) 2021-04-28
AU2019316686A1 (en) 2021-03-18
BR112021000681A2 (pt) 2021-04-13
CN112533972B (zh) 2023-05-23
US12209157B2 (en) 2025-01-28
ZA202101445B (en) 2022-07-27
WO2020030607A1 (fr) 2020-02-13
AU2019316686B2 (en) 2025-04-10

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