EP3849697A1 - Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen überkritischen trocknung von aerogelpartikeln - Google Patents
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen überkritischen trocknung von aerogelpartikelnInfo
- Publication number
- EP3849697A1 EP3849697A1 EP19766026.9A EP19766026A EP3849697A1 EP 3849697 A1 EP3849697 A1 EP 3849697A1 EP 19766026 A EP19766026 A EP 19766026A EP 3849697 A1 EP3849697 A1 EP 3849697A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- particles
- column
- drying
- supercritical
- airgel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
- B01J13/0091—Preparation of aerogels, e.g. xerogels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0241—Containing particulates characterized by their shape and/or structure
- A61K8/0279—Porous; Hollow
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J3/00—Processes of utilising sub-atmospheric or super-atmospheric pressure to effect chemical or physical change of matter; Apparatus therefor
- B01J3/008—Processes carried out under supercritical conditions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/14—Colloidal silica, e.g. dispersions, gels, sols
- C01B33/157—After-treatment of gels
- C01B33/158—Purification; Drying; Dehydrating
- C01B33/1585—Dehydration into aerogels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J9/00—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof
- C08J9/28—Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof by elimination of a liquid phase from a macromolecular composition or article, e.g. drying of coagulum
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
- F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
- F26B17/14—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials moving through a counter-current of gas
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B21/00—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects
- F26B21/40—Arrangements for supplying or controlling air or other gases for drying solid materials or objects using gases other than air
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2205/00—Foams characterised by their properties
- C08J2205/02—Foams characterised by their properties the finished foam itself being a gel or a gel being temporarily formed when processing the foamable composition
- C08J2205/026—Aerogel, i.e. a supercritically dried gel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2305/00—Characterised by the use of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08J2301/00 or C08J2303/00
- C08J2305/04—Alginic acid; Derivatives thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/02—Shape or form of insulating materials, with or without coverings integral with the insulating materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods for drying gel particles, in particular for the production of aerogels, comprising the provision of a suspension containing gel particles (P1) and a solvent (LM), the filling of the suspension into a column in the counterflow of carbon dioxide is flowed through and the separation of the dried airgel particles from the column, the suspension being introduced into the top region of the column and the dried airgel particles being separated off in the lower region of the column, and pressure and temperature being set in the column such that the mixture from carbon dioxide and solvent is almost supercritical or supercritical.
- the airgel particles can be discharged both via discharge containers and via a continuous release.
- the present invention relates to airgel particles obtainable or obtained according to such a method and to the use of the airgel particles according to the invention for medical and pharmaceutical applications, as an additive or carrier material for additives for food, as a catalyst carrier, for cosmetics, hygiene, washing and Cleaning applications, for the production of sensors, for thermal insulation or as core material for VIPs.
- Porous materials such as inorganic or organic aerogels are suitable for various applications. Porous materials with particle diameters in the size range of a few micrometers and a high porosity of at least 70% are particularly good thermal insulators, for example due to theoretical considerations.
- the patents US 2868280 and US 4845056 disclose continuous processes for the production of airgel particles by means of supercritical drying.
- the gel suspensions are brought to a pressure above the critical pressure of the fluid surrounding the gel particles with the aid of a pump.
- the suspension flows through a heated tube and is heated to a temperature above the critical temperature of the fluid and then relaxed adiabatically.
- the resulting airgel particles are separated from the gas stream by means of gas cyclones and / or filters.
- US 2868280 describes a continuous process for the production of supercritically dried inorganic airgel particles.
- the sol is gelled continuously in a tubular reactor at elevated temperatures and pressures and, at the end of the reactor, in which the fluid is present in the supercritical state, expanded via a valve.
- US 4845056 discloses a continuous process for the production of airgel ceramic powders with continuous production of the sol by hydrolysis of an alkoxide, above the critical pressure of the liquid phase, in a tubular reactor. After the hydrolysis, the sol is continuously conveyed into a heating zone, and after reaching a temperature above the critical temperature of the liquid phase, the ceramic powder, which is suspended in a supercritical fluid, is relaxed adiabatically.
- HTSCD High-temperature supercritical drying
- LTSCD Low-temperature supercritical drying
- relaxation rates in US Pat. No. 5,686,031 can be selected 20-200 times higher than usual.
- the usual relaxation rate is 0.35 bar / min.
- C0 2 is exchanged for nitrogen before the relaxation, in order to enable faster relaxation.
- the relaxation rates are not specified exactly, but relaxation within minutes instead of hours is possible.
- US Pat. No. 6,670,402 discloses a technique for increasing the pressure release rate by exchanging the supercritical CO2S with a non-reacting, non-condensing fluid before or during the relaxation and by using pressure pulses with different frequencies to accelerate mass transfer.
- US Pat. No. 3,195,613 discloses a process for the continuous expansion of solid-liquid mixtures from about 30 bar to ambient pressure using the example of ethylene polymerization via a long tube. Due to the pressure release, a (partial) flash evaporation of the liquid occurs and with the accompanying volume expansion, the pressure loss is further increased.
- the outlet flow is regulated by superimposing it with an inert gas flow or by changing the cross-sectional area or length of the outlet nozzle.
- US Pat. No. 7,731,783 B2 discloses a method for continuously depressurizing a gas-solid system via a long pipe with additional internals for increasing the pressure loss and a device for regulating the emerging particle gas flow.
- a widely used method for the supercritical drying of temperature-sensitive airgel is the extraction of the solvent with CO2 at a pressure above the critical pressure of the mixture and a temperature above the critical temperature of the CO2S. This is usually done in batches. A large amount of CO2 per kg of airgel is used here, since towards the end of the process there must be an exit concentration of solvent in the C0 2 stream of ⁇ 1-2%.
- KR20100086297 discloses a process for the continuous countercurrent drying of airgel particles using supercritical fluids. Airgel particles with a diameter of 0.1-1 mm are fed with a screw conveyor in counterflow to supercritical CO2 or supercritical methanol.
- the US6516537 patent discloses a process for the continuous supercritical or near-critical drying of microporous silica beads (2 to 12 mm) in the countercurrent process, in which the particles are guided in a moving bed against a drying fluid stream from isopropanol. The particles are located in a supercritical fluid or a supercritical mixture of fluids at the bottom of the container and are expanded via a discharge container or two alternating discharge containers.
- this object is achieved by a method for drying gel particles, in particular for producing aerogels, comprising the steps
- a gel in the sense of the present invention is a crosslinked system based on a polymer which is in contact with a liquid (known as a solvogel or lyogel) or with water as a liquid (aquagel or hydrogel).
- a liquid known as a solvogel or lyogel
- aquagel or hydrogel water as a liquid
- the term “supercritical” is understood to mean that the mixture of CO2 and solvent is in the supercritical state if the operating pressure is above the critical pressure of the mixture at the respective operating temperatures.
- the state of a mixture of solvent and CO2 is referred to as “almost supercritical” if the pressure and or the temperature of the mixture is or are below the critical pressure or the critical temperature of the mixture, the interfacial tensions that occur between however, the phases are already reduced in such a way that they do not lead to destruction of the pore structure.
- Suitable pressure and temperature ranges can vary widely. If, for example, ethanol is used as the solvent, the process is carried out, for example, at a temperature in the range from 30 to 260 ° C. and a pressure in the range from 70 to 160 bar.
- the supply and removal of CO2 can take place, for example, in side draws, for example via a partial crossflow.
- This mode of operation has proven to be particularly advantageous for longer drying times and / or larger particle diameters.
- the particles can be removed semi-continuously via two or more alternating discharge containers.
- the column can advantageously be installed above the discharge containers, so that the particles fall into the containers by gravity.
- the removal is also possible for the removal to be carried out continuously, without a valve, via a capillary.
- the column is preferably installed above an intermediate collection container into which the particles fall due to gravity.
- a fluidization aid is preferably used to discharge the particles from the intermediate container by means of a CO 2 stream, in order to prevent the capillary inlet from becoming blocked.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the airgel particles obtained being removed continuously, without a valve.
- airgel particles are expanded continuously, without valves, to a ambient pressure via a capillary from a pressurized storage container, for example the countercurrent extraction column.
- the pressure can be, for example, in the range from 80 to 200 bar, preferably in the range from 100 to 150 bar.
- the pressure loss due to fluid-wall friction, particle-wall friction and particle-particle friction / collision over the entire pipe length, depending on the gas mass flow, must preferably be just large enough to overcome the pressure difference between the reservoir and the environment. This means that no valve is required to build up an additional pressure loss.
- the particles released to ambient pressure are then separated from the gas flow and collected by cyclone separators or filters.
- drying takes place under supercritical conditions.
- Supercritical conditions characterize a temperature and a pressure at which CO2 or any solvent mixture used to remove the gelling solvent is present in the supercritical state.
- Carbon dioxide is particularly well suited for thermally sensitive substances due to its favorable critical temperature of 31 ° C.
- the choice of drying fluid depends on various points. If you want to set "close” critical conditions, the thermal stability of the particles to be dried or the end product determines, among other things, the selection of the drying fluid and thus also limits the critical temperature of the drying fluid.
- the continuous expansion is preferably carried out through tubes / capillaries with a small diameter in order to keep the pressure loss high. However, a certain diameter must be maintained in order to convey particles without blocking. Suitable inner tube diameters are in the range from 1.5 mm to 50 mm, preferably in the range from 1.6 mm to 20 mm.
- the inside diameter of the pipe, the volume of solids, the length of the pipe, the type and number of fittings and the gas mass flow result in the pressure loss across the pipe.
- Pipe lengths can range from 30 m to 400 m and the gas mass flows can range from 3 kg / h to 20 t / h.
- the particles are discharged from the storage container, for example from the bottom of the column for continuous drying, into the capillary preferably using fluidization aids and metering devices, but can also take place without fluidization aids and metering devices, depending on the material properties of the airgel.
- the relaxation takes place through an externally heated capillary to avoid C0 2 condensation or CO2 freezing in the pores of the aerogels.
- the pipeline / capillary can be routed through a jacket with a heat transfer fluid, as in a tube bundle heat exchanger with a single tube and a large number of passages.
- Various internals, such as pipe constrictions and pipe extensions, are included to increase the pressure loss.
- a less compressible, with supercritical CO2 miscible inert gas such as nitrogen, can be added before or during the expansion.
- supercritical CO2 miscible inert gas such as nitrogen
- the relaxation can also be carried out in stages: the incremental relaxation consists of 2 or more capillary pieces, such as the heat exchangers described above.
- the capillary pieces / heat exchangers can be operated at different temperature levels, for example to reduce the energy required to compensate for the Joule-Thomson effect or to use the Joule-Thomson effect to cool brine at low pressures.
- a first stage can be operated at a pressure in the range from 60 to 120 bar at 50 ° C, a further stage at a pressure in the range from 40 to 60 bar at 25 ° C and a third stage at a pressure in the range of 1 to 40 bar at 5 ° C.
- stepwise expansion is the interconnection of cyclones between the steps. Between the individual relaxation stages, the airgel particles can be separated from part of the gas flow in a cyclone or filter. The particle-free gas stream can then be returned. The remaining gas flow with the particles goes into the next relaxation stage. In this way, the compression work required for the expansion gas flow can be reduced.
- the gradual relaxation with different temperature levels and partial return of the CO2S can be combined with the separation in a cyclone.
- a first stage is possible at a pressure in the range from 80 to 120 bar at 50 ° C.
- a separation in a cyclone a separation in a cyclone
- a further separation stage at a pressure in the range from 55 to 80 bar at 40 ° C.
- a further stage at Pressure in the range of 40 to 55 bar at 25 ° C
- a suitable ratio or a suitable setting of the material flows and flow velocities of drying fluid and particles to be dried for the production and maintenance of the counterflow can be determined by a person skilled in the art in the course of tests customary in the art. This setting depends, among other things, on the height of the column, the internal Ren mass transfer and heat transfer in the particles to be dried and the vortex point, ie from the density and particle size or particle size distribution of the porous particles to be dried.
- the method is preferably carried out continuously in the context of the invention.
- the carbon dioxide stream is circulated.
- gel particles can be dried quickly and gently using the method according to the invention.
- the invention it is in particular possible to carry out the drying at low temperatures, so that even sensitive materials can be dried well.
- the method is carried out such that the gel particles preferably sediment in the carbon dioxide stream.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the gel particles sedimenting in countercurrent.
- Suitable ranges for solvent mass fractions at the C0 2 outlet can vary widely depending on the CO2 mass flow and the column height.
- the mass fraction of solvent for example ethanol in CO2
- the mass flow is adjusted depending on the diameter of the column according to principles known to those skilled in the art so that the particles still sediment.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the CO 2 mass flow being adjusted so that dried airgel particles are obtained
- the C0 2 mass flow is set, for example, in the range from 0.75 kg / h to 25t / h.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the CO 2 mass flow being set in the range from 0.75 kg / h to 25 t / h.
- gel particles can be dried which, for example, have an average diameter in the range from 20 pm to 1000 pm, preferably in the range from 20 pm to 500 pm, more preferably in the range from 50 pm to 250 pm.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the gel particles having an average diameter in the range from 20 pm to 1000 pm.
- the free-flowing particles are preferably passed through the column in countercurrent to supercritical CO2. Surprisingly, it could be shown that the significantly shorter residence times of the free fall compared to the moving bed are sufficient to dry the particles and that no conveyance and the associated additional installations are necessary.
- the process presented is particularly suitable for the continuous countercurrent drying of smaller particles in the range from 20 pm to 500 pm and has the advantage that no conveyor screw or moving installations in the drying container are required.
- the airgel particles are continuously dried in counterflow with CO2 above the critical point of the mixture in a kind of counterflow extraction column.
- the gel particle suspension consisting of gel particles suspended in an organic solvent that is readily soluble in CO2, is fed in at the top of the column with a pump.
- the gel particles sediment in the gravitational field against the upward flowing CO2 to the bottom of the column.
- the supercritical CO2 flows through the column from the bottom to the top and extracts the solvent from the gel particles.
- Completely dried (solvent-free), preferably mesoporous airgel particles are thus obtained in the bottom of the column, while a highly laden solvent / CO 2 stream is obtained in the top of the column.
- the particle size is a crucial factor in continuous countercurrent extraction.
- the drying time and residence time in the column are determined by the particle size at a constant CO 2 mass flow.
- the ratio of drying time / dwell time increases with constant particle conditions with increasing particle diameter, because on the one hand the required drying time is increased and at the same time the dwell time decreases.
- the ratio of drying time / dwell time can be adjusted in particular by changing the dwell time based on the process parameters.
- the dwell time is influenced by the C0 2 density as well as the upward directed C0 2 mass flow.
- the increase in the CO 2 mass flow directed upwards against the direction of fall of the particles leads to a decrease in the absolute speed of the particles with a constant relative speed and thus to an increase in the residence time.
- the ratio of drying time / residence time required should preferably be ⁇ 1.
- the gel can be, for example, an organic or an inorganic gel.
- a gel can be produced by hydrolysis of a suitable precursor and subsequent condensation (gelation).
- Suitable gel material precursors for inorganic or hybrid materials can be inorganic or a mixture of organic and inorganic components.
- Brine can be catalyzed to induce gelation by various methods. Examples include adjusting the pH and / or temperature of a dilute metal oxide sol to a point where gelation occurs.
- Suitable materials for the formation of inorganic aerogels are oxides of metals, transition metals and semimetals which can form oxides, such as silicon, aluminum, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, yttrium, vanadium and the like.
- the main synthetic route for the formation of an inorganic airgel can be the hydrolysis and condensation of a suitable metal alkoxide.
- Suitable precursors for gelation for organic gels are also known to the person skilled in the art.
- Suitable gels are, for example, those based on materials containing polysaccharides, such as alginates.
- polysaccharides such as alginates.
- alkali alginates such as sodium alginate are water soluble
- alkaline earth alginates such as calcium alginates are insoluble in water.
- gels can be produced from water-soluble polysaccharides, in particular natural polysaccharides such as alginates.
- water-soluble polysaccharides can preferably be used to form gels.
- the use of natural polysaccharides and / or their derivatives is particularly attractive because of their stability, availability, renewability and low toxicity.
- water-soluble means that the solubility in water is sufficient to form a solution that can be used to prepare a gel.
- a gel is formed from the water-soluble polysaccharide and a suitable crosslinking agent.
- the polysaccharide used for the process of the present invention must be suitable for forming a gel with a crosslinking agent, in particular it must have suitable functional groups.
- Natural polysaccharides such as agar, alginate, carrageenan, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, starch and xanthan gum as well as semi-synthetic polysaccharides such as modified cellulose, chitin and chitosan are particularly preferred.
- a hydrogel is formed, which is then subjected to a solvent exchange.
- the water-soluble polysaccharide is preferably selected from the group consisting of agar, alginate, carrageenan, cellulose, hyaluronic acid, pectin, starch, xanthan gum, modified cellulose, chitin and chitosan.
- Natural or synthetic hydrocolloid-forming polymers include (partially) water-soluble, natural or synthetic polymers that form gels or viscous solutions in aqueous systems. They are carefully selected from other natural polysaccharides, synthetically modified derivatives thereof or synthetic polymers. Further Polysaccharides include, for example, carrageenan, pectins, tragacanth, guar gum, locust bean gum, agar, gum arabic, xanthan gum, natural and modified starches, dextranes, dextrin, maltodextrins, chitosan, glucans, such as beta-carboxymethyl cellulose.
- Synthetic polymers include cellulose ether, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, synthetic cellulose derivatives, such as methyl cellulose, carboxy cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, in particular sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose esters, cellulose ethers, such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polymethacrylic acid, poly (methyl meth - acrylate) polymethacrylate (PMMA) (PMMA) , Polyethylene glycols, etc. Mixtures of these polymers can also be used.
- the reaction temperature can be in the range from 0 to 100 ° C., preferably 5 to 75 ° C., in particular 10 to 50 ° C.
- the concentration of the reagents in the solvent can be in the range from 0.25 to 65% by weight, preferably 0.5 to 60% by weight, in particular 1 to 10% by weight.
- any solvent can be used as long as it is miscible with carbon dioxide or has a sufficient boiling point that enables the solvent to be removed from the resulting gel.
- the solvent is a low molecular weight organic compound, i.e. H. an alcohol of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4, although other liquids known in the art can be used.
- Possible solvents are, for example, ketones, aldehydes, alkyl alkanoates, amides such as formamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, N-ethylpyrollidone, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, aliphatic and cycloaliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, halogenated aromatic compounds and fluorine-containing ethers. Mixtures of two or more of the above compounds are also possible.
- Examples of other useful liquids include, but are not limited to: ethyl acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, acetone, dichloromethane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran, propylene carbonate, and the like.
- solvents are acetals, especially diethoxymethane, dimethoxymethane and 1,3-dioxolane.
- Dialkyl ethers and cyclic ethers are also suitable as solvents.
- Preferred dialkyl ethers are in particular those having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, in particular methyl ethyl ether, diethyl ether, methyl propyl ether, methyl isopropyl ether, propyl ethyl ether, ethyl isopropyl ether, dipropyl ether, propyl isopropyl ether, diisopropyl ether, methyl butyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether, methyl t-butyl ether, ethyl -n-butyl ether, ethyl isobutyl ether and ethyl t-butyl ether.
- Preferred cyclic ethers are especially tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and tetrahydropyran.
- Aldehydes and / or ketones are particularly preferred as solvents.
- Aldehydes or ketones which are suitable as solvents are in particular those which correspond to the general formula R 2 - (CO) -R 1, where R 1 and R 2 each represent hydrogen or an alkyl group having 1 stand, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 carbon atoms.
- Suitable aldehydes or ketones are, in particular, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, n-butyraldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, 2-ethylbutyraldehyde, valeraldehyde, isopentaldehyde, 2-methylpentaldehyde, 2-ethylhexaldehyde, acrolein, methacrolein, crotonaldehyde, furfural methacrole, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrurol, acrylonitrile , 2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde, 6-methyl-3-cyclohexenaldehyde, cyano
- aldehydes and ketones can also be used in the form of mixtures.
- particularly suitable solvents are obtained by using two or more completely miscible compounds selected from the solvents mentioned above.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a process for drying gel particles as described above, the solvent (LM) being selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol.
- the solvent (LM) being selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol.
- auxiliary substances could be contained in the suspension according to the present invention.
- Auxiliary substances include: fillers, pH adjusting agents, such as buffer substances, stabilizers, co-solvents, pharmaceutically and cosmetically customary or other dyes and pigments, preservatives, nutritional supplements, vitamins, active substances, plasticizers, lubricants and lubricants.
- the method of the present invention can also include further steps, for example suitable treatment steps.
- the pressure is released at a rate that enables optimal material properties in combination with a suitable time consumption, and the particles are removed from the column.
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to obtain airgel particles with improved particle size and porosity.
- stable, dry and highly porous airgel particles with high surfaces and a high pore volume are obtained.
- the product obtained in the process of the present invention is a micron-sized powder of porous airgel with a porosity of at least 70% by volume.
- the size of the particles can vary, the particle size is in the range from 20 pm to 1000 pm.
- the aerogels obtained according to the invention can be inorganic or organic aerogels.
- the airgel comprises average pore diameters from approximately 2 nm to approximately 100 nm, for example in the range from 5 to 55 nm or in the range from 10 to 50 nm.
- the average pore diameter of dried gel materials can be approximately 4 nm, about 6 nm, about 8 nm, about 10 nm, about 12 nm, about 14 nm, about 16 nm, about 18 nm, about 20 nm, about 25 nm, about 30 nm, about 35 nm, about 40 nm or about 45 nm, about 50 nm or about 55 nm.
- the surface, the pore sizes and the pore volumes were measured by BET according to ISO 9277: 2010, unless stated otherwise.
- This International Standard specifies the determination of the total specific outer and inner surface of disperse (eg nanopowders) or porous solids by measuring the amount of physically adsorbed gas according to the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) method. It takes into account the recommendations of the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IU-PAC) from 1984 and 1994.
- the present invention accordingly relates to a method for drying gel particles as described above, the gel particles having an average pore diameter in the range from 2 to 100 nm.
- the present invention also relates to airgel particles obtainable or obtained according to a method for drying gel particles as described above.
- the airgel particles obtained or obtainable by the process of the present invention are suitable for various applications.
- the invention also relates to building materials and vacuum insulation panels which comprise the powdery nanoporous materials and the use of powdered nanoporous materials for thermal insulation.
- the materials obtained according to the invention are preferably used for thermal insulation, in particular in buildings or for cold insulation, in particular in mobile transport applications or in stationary applications, for example in refrigerators or for mobile applications. Fibers can be used as additives for mechanical reinforcement.
- the present invention also relates to the use of airgel particles, obtainable or obtained according to a method for drying gel particles as described above, for medical and pharmaceutical applications, as an additive or carrier material for additives for food, as a catalyst carrier, for cosmetics -, hygiene, washing and cleaning applications, for the production of sensors, for thermal insulation or as core material for VI Ps.
- a method for drying gel particles comprising the steps
- the solvent (LM) is selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, pentanol and hexanol.
- Airgel particles obtainable or obtained according to a method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 8.
- Airgel particles obtainable or obtained according to a method for drying gel particles comprising the steps
- Airgel particles according to embodiment 10 the gel particles sedimenting in countercurrent.
- LM solvent
- airgel particles according to one of the embodiments 10 to 17 or of airgel particles obtained or obtainable according to a method according to one of the embodiments 1 to 8 for medical and pharmaceutical applications as an additive or carrier material for additives for food, as a catalyst carrier, for cosmetics -, hygiene, washing and cleaning applications, for the production of sensors, for thermal insulation or as core material for VIPs.
- the mass transfer from the particle to the surrounding fluid phase was taken into account in the drying times summarized in Table 2.
- the mean mass transfer coefficients were calculated using a Sh correlation for a single sphere.
- the mass transfer coefficient is only a function of the particle diameter and not the flow velocity, since the relative velocity and therefore Re is constant and only changes as soon as the particles are discharged.
- the (sink) speed calculated from the Re number represents the relative speed between the particles and the surrounding fluid and depends on the particle diameter.
- the absolute sink rate of the particles is reduced or particles with the C0 2 stream are discharged over the top of the column.
- the ratio of residence time to drying time should understandably be> 1.
- Table 5 shows the ratio of residence time / drying time for a column height of 500 mm. The particles with a diameter of 500 gm would not be completely dried for the CC> 2 mass flows shown from 0.5 kg / h to 3 kg / h. This could be counteracted by a further increase in the CC> 2 mass flow, whereby smaller particles would, however, be discharged.
- Table 7 Drying 1 L / h of 500 pm airgel particles with different CO2 mass flows in counterflow in a column with a height of 1 m
- an operating pressure of 120 bar and an operating temperature of 50 ° C supercritical sches C0 2 promoted in counterflow to the particle flow at 40 g / min. After the experiment, the collecting container was relaxed.
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP18193962 | 2018-09-12 | ||
| PCT/EP2019/074394 WO2020053349A1 (de) | 2018-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen überkritischen trocknung von aerogelpartikeln |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3849697A1 true EP3849697A1 (de) | 2021-07-21 |
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| EP19766026.9A Pending EP3849697A1 (de) | 2018-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen überkritischen trocknung von aerogelpartikeln |
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| US (1) | US12595341B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3849697A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7500080B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102837940B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN112672819A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020053349A1 (de) |
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| DE102020112973A1 (de) * | 2020-05-13 | 2021-11-18 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung eingetragener Verein | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aerogelen und mit diesem erhältliche Aerogele |
| KR102655711B1 (ko) * | 2020-08-07 | 2024-04-09 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 실리카 에어로겔 블랭킷 제조방법 및 이의 제조장치 |
| DE102020129911A1 (de) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-05-12 | Bundesrepublik Deutschland, vertreten durch den Bundesminister für Wirtschaft und Energie, dieser vertreten durch den Präsidenten der Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM) | Grünkörpertrocknungsverfahren nach lichtinduziertem Vernetzen von suspendierten anorganischen Nano-Partikeln |
| CN113277522B (zh) * | 2021-06-17 | 2022-06-24 | 航天特种材料及工艺技术研究所 | 一种超高透明度和超低雾度的轻质二氧化硅气凝胶及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115704647B (zh) * | 2021-08-10 | 2024-12-03 | 爱彼爱和新材料有限公司 | 一种超临界二氧化碳干燥装置及其应用和超临界二氧化碳干燥方法 |
| CN113754462B (zh) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-07-26 | 常州大学 | 一种制备超轻且可快速降温的Cr2O3-Al2O3陶瓷气凝胶的方法 |
| CN116510628B (zh) * | 2023-03-13 | 2025-12-23 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | 一种气凝胶材料及其制备方法 |
| CN119701388B (zh) * | 2025-02-27 | 2025-07-11 | 德州虹桥染料化工有限公司 | 一种酸性粒子元青制备用烘干设备及工艺 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB773549A (en) | 1953-10-14 | 1957-04-24 | Basf Ag | Improvements in the production of very finely divided solid substances with a low bulk density |
| US2868280A (en) | 1953-11-25 | 1959-01-13 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method for producing aerogels |
| US3195613A (en) | 1961-10-09 | 1965-07-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Method for continuously discharging the contents of a pressurized vessel |
| US4845056A (en) | 1987-10-09 | 1989-07-04 | Allied-Signal Inc. | Continuous process for production of fine particulate ceramics |
| US5306555A (en) | 1991-09-18 | 1994-04-26 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Aerogel matrix composites |
| US5686031A (en) | 1995-01-05 | 1997-11-11 | Regents Of The University Of California | Method for rapidly producing microporous and mesoporous materials |
| GB9703673D0 (en) | 1997-02-21 | 1997-04-09 | Bradford Particle Design Ltd | Method and apparatus for the formation of particles |
| US5962539A (en) | 1997-05-09 | 1999-10-05 | Separex S.A. | Process and equipment for drying a polymeric aerogel in the presence of a supercritical fluid |
| DE19810565A1 (de) * | 1998-03-11 | 1999-09-16 | Basf Ag | Verfahren zur Trocknung und Herstellung von mikroporösen Teilchen |
| CA2386897C (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2007-08-07 | Aspen Systems, Inc. | Rapid aerogel production process |
| US7781492B2 (en) | 2006-06-08 | 2010-08-24 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Foam/aerogel composite materials for thermal and acoustic insulation and cryogen storage |
| US7731783B2 (en) | 2007-01-24 | 2010-06-08 | Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. | Continuous pressure letdown system |
| KR20100086297A (ko) | 2009-01-22 | 2010-07-30 | 주식회사 에넨 | 연속향류식 초임계 공정을 이용한 에어로젤의 제조방법 및연속향류식 초임계 장치 |
| ES2437096T3 (es) * | 2009-08-13 | 2014-01-08 | Basf Se | Geles porosos a base de aminas aromáticas y cicloalifáticas |
| US9073759B2 (en) | 2010-08-10 | 2015-07-07 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Silica aerogels and their preparation |
| CN103896256A (zh) * | 2012-12-26 | 2014-07-02 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | 一种石墨烯凝胶的制备方法 |
| US10017621B2 (en) | 2014-05-19 | 2018-07-10 | Basf Se | Process for producing porous alginate-based aerogels |
| ES2821761T3 (es) * | 2015-07-09 | 2021-04-27 | Evonik Operations Gmbh | Proceso de preparación de micropartículas de copolímero de poli(glicolida-co-lactida) |
| FR3053263B1 (fr) | 2016-07-04 | 2018-08-31 | Keey Aerogrl | Procede continu de fabrication d'un aerogel |
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2019
- 2019-09-12 KR KR1020217010724A patent/KR102837940B1/ko active Active
- 2019-09-12 JP JP2021514077A patent/JP7500080B2/ja active Active
- 2019-09-12 CN CN201980059242.9A patent/CN112672819A/zh active Pending
- 2019-09-12 US US17/275,151 patent/US12595341B2/en active Active
- 2019-09-12 WO PCT/EP2019/074394 patent/WO2020053349A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2019-09-12 EP EP19766026.9A patent/EP3849697A1/de active Pending
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20220041817A1 (en) | 2022-02-10 |
| JP7500080B2 (ja) | 2024-06-17 |
| KR20210056417A (ko) | 2021-05-18 |
| US12595341B2 (en) | 2026-04-07 |
| KR102837940B1 (ko) | 2025-07-23 |
| JP2022500536A (ja) | 2022-01-04 |
| CN112672819A (zh) | 2021-04-16 |
| WO2020053349A1 (de) | 2020-03-19 |
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